28d Do not omit -ed endings on verbs.

Speakers who do not fully pronounce -ed endings sometimes omit them unintentionally in writing. Failure to pronounce -ed endings is common in informal speech. For example, the -ed ending is not always fully pronounced in frequently used words and phrases such as asked, fixed, pronounced, supposed to, and used to.

Past tense

Use the ending -ed or -d to express the past tense of regular verbs. The past tense is used when the action occurred entirely in the past.

The examples read,

In 1998, journalist Barbara Ehrenreich (strikethrough) decide (end strikethrough) (insert) decided (end insert) to try to live on minimum wage.

Last summer, my counselor (strikethrough) advise (end strikethrough) (insert) advised (end insert) me to ask my graphic arts instructor for help.

Past participles

Past participles are used in three ways: (1) following have, has, or had to form one of the perfect tenses; (2) following be, am, is, are, was, were, being, or been to form the passive voice; and (3) as adjectives modifying nouns or pronouns. The perfect tenses are listed in 28f, and the passive voice is discussed in 8a. For a discussion of participles as adjectives, see 42b.

The examples read,

Robin has (strikethrough) ask (end strikethrough) (insert) asked (end insert) the Office of Student Affairs for more housing staff for next year.

Text below reads, (Italics) Has asked (End Italics) is the present perfect tense ((Italics) have or has (End Italics) followed by a past participle).

Though it is not a new phenomenon, domestic violence is now (strikethrough) publicize (end strikethrough) (insert) publicized (end insert) more than ever.

Text below reads, (Italics) Is publicized (End Italics) is a verb in the passive voice (a form of (Italics) be (End Italics) followed by a past participle).