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–––, Plan of Attack (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004).

–––, Shadow: Five Presidents and the Legacy of Watergate (New York: Touchstone, 2000).

–––, State of Denial: Bush at War, Pt. 3 (London: Simon & Schuster, 2006).

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–––, The War Within: Secret White House History 2006–2008 (London: Simon & Schuster, 2008).

Woodward, Susan L., Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1995).

Wright, Donald P., A Different Kind of War: The United States Army in Operation ENDURING FREEDOM October 2001—September 2005, (Military Bookshop, 2010)

Young, Marilyn Blatt., The Vietnam Wars, 1945–1990 (New York: HarperPerennial, 1991).

Zartman, I. William, Cowardly Lions: Missed Opportunities to Prevent Deadly Conflict and State Collapse (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2005).

Zelikow, Philip D. et al, National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Official Government ed. (Baton Rouge: Claitors Publishing Division, 2004).

Zimmermann, Warren, Origins of a Catastrophe: Yugoslavia and its Destroyers, Rev. ed. (New York: Times Books, 1999).

Papers

Arnold, Edwin, J. “The Use of Military Power in Pursuit of National Interests.” Parameters. Spring 1994, pp.4–12.

Brown, Herb, USAF, Lieutenant Commander Mark L. Bowlin, USN, and Major Scott C. Sheltz, USA. How the Bush Doctrine of Preemptive Strike Meets the Test of the Powell Doctrine. Joint Forces Staff College. Joint and Combined Staff Officer School. September 6, 2002. Full text available at: http://www.jfsc.ndu.edu/current_students/documents_policies/documents/jca_cca_awsp/bush_doctrine.doc

Campbell, K.J., “Once Burned, Twice Cautious: Explaining the Weinberger-Powell Doctrine.” Armed Forces and Society. 24.3 (1998), pp.357–74.

Crane, Conrad, “Avoiding Vietnam: The U.S. Army’s Response to Defeat in Southeast Asia.” Strategic Studies Institute. September 2002, pp.1–26.

Cushman, Lieutenant General John H. (RET), January 15, 2007. Planning and Early Execution of the War in Iraq: An Assessment of Military Participation, p.15. [Online] Available at http://www.west-point.org/publications/cushman/ForArmyWarCollege.pdf

Dittmer, Donald and Stephen Dawkins, Deliberate Force: NATOs First Extended Air Operation (Alexandria: Centre for Naval Analysis, 1998).

Drew, Dennis, and Don Snow, “Military Doctrine,” Reprinted from Making Strategy: An Introduction to National Security Processes and Problems (Air University Press, 1988), Chapter 11. Full text available at: http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/readings/drew1.htm.

Foyle, Douglas C., “Leading the Public to War? The Influence of American Public Opinion on the Bush Administration’s Decision to go to War in Iraq,” International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 16.3 Autumn 2004. [Online]. Available at http://pratiquesciencessociales.net/upload/foyle2004.pdf

Howard, Michael, The Nature of Doctrine. Full text available at: http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/374EE172_1143_EC82_2EDE0E7B4E01EC78.pdf

Jentleson, Bruce W., “The Pretty Prudent Public: Post Post-Vietnam American Opinion on the Use of Military Force,” International Studies Quarterly. 36.1 (March, 1992), pp.49–73. Full text available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2600916

Jones, Seth G., “Averting Failure in Afghanistan,” Survival [Online], 48.1 (2006), p.115. Available at: http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/rdenever/USNatSecandForeignPol/Jones,%20Averting%20Failure.pdf

Kasperski, John E., and Benjamin D. Crockett, text taken from a course at the Joint Forces Staff College: Joint and Combined War Fighting School in March 2004. The full text can be found at: http://www.jfsc.ndu.edu/current_students/documents_policies/documents/jca_cca_awsp/US_Involvemement_Lebanon_4–7-04.doc

Kennedy, David, and Leslie Brunetta, Lebanon and the Intelligence Community (Cambridge, MA: Harvard College, 1988).

Irving Kristol, “The Neoconservative Persuasion,” American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, September 2003. [Online] Available at: http://faculty.rcc.edu/biancardi/Documents/Kristol%20on%20Neoconservatism.pdf

Leogrande, William M., and Philip Brenner, “The House Divided: Ideological Polarization over Aid to the Nicaraguan ‘Contras,’” Legislative Studies Quarterly. 18.1 (February, 1993), pp.105–36. Full text available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/440028

Luksik, Lance, Eric Moses, and John Woodward, Keeping the Fire Lit. Democracy and the Long War. Joint Forces Staff College. Joint and Combined Warfighting School. June 2, 2008. Full text available at: http://www.jfsc.ndu.edu/current_students/documents_policies/documents/jca_cca_awsp/Keeping_the_Fire_Lit%20_Democracy_and_the_Long_War.doc

Malkasian, Carter, and Meyerle, Gerald, Provincial Reconstruction Teams: How do we Know They Work? U.S. Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, [online] March, 2009. Available at: http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a496359.pdf

Maloney, Sean M., Afghanistan Four Years on: An Assessment, Parameters, [online], August, 2005. Available at: http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/05autumn/maloney.pdf

Marsden, Peter, “Afghanistan the Reconstruction Process,” International Affairs. 79.I (2003), pp.91–105. Full text available at http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International%20Affairs/Blanket%20File%20Import/inta297.pdf

Marten, Kimberley. “Warlordism in Comparative Perspective,” International Security. 31.3 (Winter, 2006/07). [Online]. Available at http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/isec.2007.31.3.41

McNaugher, Thomas L., “Ballistic Missiles and Chemical Weapons: The Legacy of the Iran-Iraq War.” International Security. 15.2, (Fall, 1990) [Online]. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2538864?uid=3738032&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21103109601081

McNerney, Michael J., Stabilization and Reconstruction in Afghanistan: Are PRTs a Model or a Muddle? Parameters. (Winter, 2005–06) [online]. Available at: http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA491011

Mueller, John, “The Iraq Syndrome,” Foreign Affairs. 84.6 (Nov/Dec 2005), pp.44–54.

Pickett, Jenna M., Limitations of Rhetoric: The Bush Administration and Women’s Rights in Afghanistan. [Online]. Available at: http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/documents/Pickett-_Final_Paper.pdf

Powell, Colin, “U.S. Forces: Challenges Ahead.” Foreign Affairs. 71 (1992), pp.32–45.

Record, J., “Force-Protection Fetishism. Sources, Consequences and Solutions.” Aerospace Power Journal. (2000), pp.4–11.

Condoleezza Rice, “Promoting the National Interest.” Foreign Affairs. 79.1 (January/February, 2000). [Online] Available at: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/20049613?uid=3738032&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21103006176501

Shafer, D. Michael, “The Unlearned Lessons of Counterinsurgency,” Political Science Quarterly. 103.1 (Spring, 1988), p.76. Full text available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2151141.

Sobel, Richard, “The Polls (A Report). Public Opinion about United States Intervention in El Salvador and Nicaragua.” Public Opinion Quarterly. 53.1 (Spring, 1989), pp.114–28.

–––, “Trends: United States Intervention in Bosnia,” The Public Opinion Quarterly. 62.2 (Summer, 1998), pp.262–3.

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Yearbook 2007. See http://yearbook2007.sipri.org/files/YB0708.pdf

Takeyh, Ray and Gvosdev, Nikolas. “Do Terrorist Networks Need a Home?” The Washington Quarterly. Summer 2002. [Online]. Available at: http://bdi.mfa.government.bg/info/Module%2004%20-%20Diplomacia%20i%20sigurnost/dopalnitelna%20literatura/do%20terorneed%20home.pdf

Ullman, Harlan and Wade, James Jr. . Shock and Awe: Achieving Rapid Dominance, September 1996. National Defense University. [Online] Available at http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA457606

Waldman, Matt, “The Sun in the Sky: The Relationship between Pakistan’s ISI and Afghan Insurgents,” Crises States Research Centre, Discussion Paper 18 [Online] June, 2010. Available at: http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2010/06/13/SISFINAL.pdf

Westra, Steven, K., “Beirut’s Lesson for Future Foreign Policy.” Small Wars. 1993. Full text can be found at: http://www.smallwarsjournal.com/documents/westra.htm

Web Resources

“Bad Voodoo’s War,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date April 1, 2008. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/badvoodoo/

“Bush’s War, Part I and II,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date March 24, 2008. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/bushswar/

“The Dark Side,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date June 20, 2006. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/darkside/

“Endgame,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date June 19, 2007. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/endgame/

“The Insurgency,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date February 21, 2006. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/insurgency/

“The Lost Year in Iraq,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date October 17, 2006. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/yeariniraq/

“Obama’s War,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date October 13, 2009. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/obamaswar/

“Private Warriors,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date June 21, 2005. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/warriors/

“Rumsfeld’s War,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date October 26, 2004. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/pentagon/

“The Torture Question,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date October 18, 2005. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/torture/

“The War Behind Closed Doors,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date February 20, 2002. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/iraq/

“The War Briefing,” PBS Frontline [online], Original Air Date October 28, 2008. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/warbriefing/

Interviews and Oral Histories

“Interview with James Baker,” PBS Frontline: The Gulf War [online], Original Air Date January 9, 1996. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/baker/1.html

“George Ball Oral History Interview I,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], July 8, 1971, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Ball-G/Ball-g1.pdf

“George Ball Oral History Interview II,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], July 9, 1971, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Ball-G/Ball-g2.pdf

B. Bodine. 2004. Interview With Ambassador Barbara Bodine. [Online] Available at: dl.tufts.edu/file_assets/tufts:UP149.001.00056.00004

“Hale Boggs Oral History Interview I,” by T.H. Baker [online], March 13, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/BoggsH/boggs-h1.pdf

“McGeorge Bundy Oral History Interview I,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], January 30, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/McGeorgeB/Bundy%201%20web.pdf

“McGeorge Bundy Oral History Interview II,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], February 17, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/McGeorgeB/Bundy%201%20web.pdf

“McGeorge Bundy Oral History Interview III,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], March 19, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/McGeorgeB/Bundy%201%20web.pdf

“McGeorge Bundy Special Interview I,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], March 30, 1993, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/McGeorgeB/Bundy%20Dallek%201%20web.pdf

“McGeorge Bundy Special Interview II,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], November 10, 1993, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/McGeorgeB/Bundy%20Dallek%202%20web.pdf

Richard Cheney, 2003. NBC News Meet the Press, Sunday, March 16, 2003. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bush/cheneymeetthepress.htm

“Interview with Richard Cheney,” PBS Frontline: The Gulf War [online], Original Air Date January 9, 1996. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/cheney/1.html

“Clark M. Clifford Oral History Interview I,” by Joe B. Frantz [online], March 13, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/CliffordC/cliffor1.pdf

“Clark M. Clifford Oral History Interview II,” by Joe B. Frantz [online], July 2, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/CliffordC/cliffor2.pdf

“Clark M. Clifford Oral History Interview III,” by Joe B. Frantz [online], July 14, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/CliffordC/cliffor3.pdf

“Clark M. Clifford Oral History Interview IV,” by Joe B. Frantz [online], August 7, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/CliffordC/cliffor4.pdf

“Clark M. Clifford Oral History Interview V,” by Joe B. Frantz [online], December 15, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/CliffordC/cliffor5.pdf

“William E. Colby Oral History Interview I,” by Ted Gittinger [online], June 2, 1981, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Colby/colby-01.pdf

“William E. Colby Oral History Interview II,” by Ted Gittinger [online], January 3, 1982, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Colby/colby-02.pdf

“Interview with James Conway,” PBS: Frontline Truth, War & Consequences. Original air date October 9, 2003. Full text available at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/truth/interviews/conway.html

Cross, Tim, interview with the author, February 2011.

“Interview with Robert Gates,” PBS Frontline: The Gulf War [online], Original Air Date January 9, 1996. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/gates/1.html

“Interview with Richard Haass,” PBS Frontline: The Gulf War [online], Original Air Date January 9, 1996. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/haass/1.html

“Interview with Ambassador Richard Holbrooke,” PBS Frontline: Give War a Chance [online], Original Air Date May 11, 1999. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/military/guys/holbrooke.html

“Interview with General Charles Horner,” PBS Frontline: The Gulf War [online], Original Air Date January 9, 1996. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/horner/1.html

“Hubert H. Humphrey Oral History Interview I,” by Joe B. Frantz [online], August 17, 1971, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/humphrey/humphr01.pdf

“Hubert H. Humphrey Oral History Interview II,” by Joe B. Frantz [online], June 20, 1977, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/humphrey/humphr02.pdf

“Hubert H. Humphrey Oral History Interview III,” by Joe B. Frantz [online], June 21, 1977, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/humphrey/humphr03.pdf

“Robert S. McNamara Oral History Interview I,” by Walt W. Rostow [online], January 8, 1975, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/McNamaraR/McNamara1.PDF

Robert S. McNamara Oral History (Special Interview), by Robert Dallek [online], March 26, 1993, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/McNamaraR/McNamara-SP1.PDF

“Interview with Colin Powell,” PBS Frontline: The Gulf War [online], Original Air Date January 9, 1996. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/powell/1.html

“Walt W. Rostow Oral History Interview I,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], March 21, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/rostow/rostow1.pdf

“Walt W. Rostow Oral History Interview II,” by Ted Gittinger [online], January 9, 1981, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/rostow/rostow%20web.pdf

“Dean Rusk Oral History Interview I,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], July 28, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/rusk/rusk01.pdf

“Dean Rusk Oral History Interview II,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], September 26, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/rusk/rusk02.pdf

“Dean Rusk Oral History Interview III,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], January 2, 1970, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/rusk/rusk03.pdf

“Dean Rusk Oral History Interview IV,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], March 8, 1970, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/rusk/rusk04.pdf

“Interview with General Norman Schwarzkopf,” PBS Frontline: The Gulf War [online], Original Air Date January 9, 1996. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/schwarzkopf/1.html

“Interview with Brent Scowcroft,” PBS Frontline: The Gulf War [online], Original Air Date January 9, 1996. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/scowcroft/1.html

“Interview with George Shultz,” by Stephen Knott, Marc Selverstone, & James Sterling Young [online], December 18, 2002, Ronald Reagan Oral History Project, Miller Center of Public Affairs. Available at: http://web1.millercenter.org/poh/transcripts/ohp_2002_1218_shultz.pdf

“Bromley Smith Oral History Interview I,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], July 29, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/smith-b/smith-b1.pdf

“Bromley Smith Oral History Interview II,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], September 25, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/smith-b/smith-b2.pdf

“Interview with Admiral Leighton Smith. PBS Frontline: Give War a Chance [online], Original Air Date May 11, 1999. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/military/guys/smith.html

“Cyrus R. Vance Oral History Interview I,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], November 3, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Vance-C/Vance1.pdf

“Cyrus R. Vance Oral History Interview II,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], December 29, 1969, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Vance-C/vance2.PDF

“Cyrus R. Vance Oral History Interview III,” by Paige E. Mulhollan [online], March 9, 1970, LBJ Library. Available at: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Vance-C/Vance3.PDF

“Interview with Lieutenant General Calvin Waller,” PBS Frontline: The Gulf War [online], Original Air Date January 9, 1996. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/oral/waller/1.html

“Interview with Caspar Weinberger,” by Stephen Knott, and Russell L. Riley [online], November 19, 2002, Ronald Reagan Oral History Project, Miller Center of Public Affairs. Available at: http://web1.millercenter.org/poh/transcripts/ohp_2002_1119_weinberger.pdf

Foreign Relations of The United States

Johnson Administration

Glennon, John P., Edward C. Keefer, and Charles S. Sampson (eds), Volume I, Vietnam, 1964. Available at: http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_i/index.html

Humphrey, David C., et al, Volume II, Vietnam, January–June 1965. Available at: http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_ii/index.html

Humphrey, David C., et al, Volume III, Vietnam, June–December 1965. Available at: http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_iii/index.html

Humphrey, David C., and David S. Patterson, Volume IV, Vietnam, 1966. Available at: http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_iv/index.html

Lawler, Daniel, and Carolyn Yee, Volume XXXII, Dominican Republic; Cuba; Haiti; Guyana, 1964–1968. Available at: http://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964–68v32

Sieg, Kent, and David S. Patterson, Volume V, Vietnam, 1967. Available at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/v/

Sieg, Kent, and David S. Patterson, Volume VI, Vietnam, January–August 1968. Available at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/vi/

Sieg, Kent, and Edward C. Keefer, Volume VII, Vietnam, September 1968–January 1969. Available at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/vii/

Nixon Administration

Keefer, Edward C., and Carolyn Yee, Volume VI, Vietnam, January 1969–July 1970. Available at: http://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969–76v06

Other Government Documents

Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002, Public Law 107–243, 107th Congress. Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-107publ243/html/PLAW-107publ243.htm

Baker, III, James A., and Lee H. Hamilton et al. The Iraq Study Group Report. p.52. Full text available at: http://media.usip.org/reports/iraq_study_group_report.pdf

CIA World Fact Book 1990. Full text available at: http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext91/world12.txt

Daggett, Stephen, “Cost of Major U.S. Wars.” Congressional Research Service, June 29, 2010. Full text available at: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22926.pdf.

Duelfer, Charles, et al, DCI Special Advisor Report on Iraq’s WMD, Volume I, Regime Strategic Intent, September 30, 2004. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/iraq_wmd_2004/chap1.html

Formosa Resolution, January 28, 1955. Taken from: http://cns.miis.edu/straittalk/Appendix%2016.htm (link no longer active).

Grimmett, Richard F., Authorization For Use Of Military Force in Response to the 9/11 Attacks (P.L. 107–40): Legislative History, [online Congressional Research Service]. Available at: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22357.pdf

Kahan, Yitzhak, Aharon Barak, and Yona Efrat, Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Events at the Refugee Camps in Beirut (The Kahan Commission), (February 8, 1983). Available at: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/kahan.html

Katzman, Kenneth, Congressional Research Service, Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security and U.S. Policy, 2009. Full text available at: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL30588.pdf.

Long, Robert, et al, Report of the DoD Commission on Beirut International Airport Terrorist Act, October 23, 1983. Submitted to the Secretary of Defense on 20 December 1983. Available at: http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AMH/XX/MidEast/Lebanon-1982–1984/DOD-Report/index.html

National Security Decision Directive, Next Steps in Lebanon (NSC-NSDD-64), October 28, 1982. Full text available at: http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-064.htm

Nicaragua Options Paper, January 15, 1985. Full text available at: http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com/marketing/index.jsp, with valid username and password.

Presidential Decision Directive 25, “U.S.Policy on Reforming Multilateral Peace Operations,” The White House, Washington, May 6, 1994.

UN Genocide Convention 1948. For the text of the convention, see: http://www.hrweb.org/legal/genocide.html.

The United States Constitution. Full text available at: http://www.consource.org/index.asp?bid=529

United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities. Full text available at: http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/contents/church/contents_church_reports.htm.

US Quadrennial Defense Review 2006. Full text available at: http://www.comw.org/qdr/qdr2006.pdf

The War Powers Act of 1973, Public Law 93–148, 93rd Congress, H. J. Res. 542, November 7, 1973

Speeches, News Conferences, Testimony to Congress and other Official Inquiries

Background briefing by Senior Administration Official, March 8,1993. Full text can be found at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=59988&st=bosnia&st1=european+union

Ambassador L. Paul Bremer. 2003. Testimony Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations September 22, 2003. [Online]. Available at: http://www.usembassy-israel.org.il/publish/press/2003/september/092304.html

Buchanan, Patrick, Speech announcing his intention to seek the Republican Presidential nomination, delivered on December 10, 1991. Full text available at: http://www.4president.org/speeches/buchanan1992announcement.htm

President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Tony Blair. (2003). The President’s News Conference With Prime Minister Tony Blair of the United Kingdom in Hillsborough, Northern Ireland, April 8 2003. [Online]. Available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=63140

Bush, George H.W., Address to the Nation Announcing Allied Military Action in the Persian Gulf, January 16, 1991. Public Papers of the President. 1991: Book I. Full text available at; http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=19222&st=iraq&st1=

George W. Bush. 2001. Address to the Nation Announcing Strikes Against Al Qaida Training Camps and Taliban Military Installations in Afghanistan, October 7, 2001. [Online]. Available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=65088&st=&st1=

Bush, George H.W., Address to the Nation Announcing the Deployment of United States Armed Forces to Saudi Arabia, August 8, 1990. Public Papers of the President. 1990: Book II. Full text available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=18750&st=iraq&st1=

George W. Bush. 2003. Message to Saddam, Washington D.C., March 17, 2003. [Online]. Available at: http://www.presidentialrhetoric.com/speeches/03.17.03.html

Bush, George H.W., News Conference With Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of Canada in Ottawa, March 13, 1991. Public Papers of the Presidents 1991, Volume 1. Available at http://frwebgate5.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/TEXTgate.cgi?WAISdocID=530871389297+7+1+0&WAISaction=retrieve.

Bush, George H.W., News conference, June 4, 1992. Full text available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=21050&st=international+leadership&st1=

President George W. Bush. 2002. Remarks by the President on Iraq, Cincinnati Museum Centre, Cincinnati Union Terminal, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 7, 2002.[Online]. Available at: http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021007–8.html

Bush, George H.W., Remarks on the Situation in Bosnia and an Exchange with Reporters in Colorado Springs. August 6, 1992. Public Papers of the Presidents. 1992–3, Book II. Full text available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=21303&st=bosnia&st1=genocide

Bush, George W., “Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the United States Response to the Terrorist Attacks of September 11,” September 20, 2001. Public Papers of the President George W. Bush, Book II, July 1–December 31, 2001.

Bush, George W., “A Period of Consequences,” The Citadel, South Carolina, Thursday, September 23, 1999. Full text available at: http://www.citadel.edu/pao/addresses/pres_bush.html

Bush, George W., Second Inaugural Address. January 20, 2005. Full text available at: http://www.bartelby.com/124/pres67.html

President George W. Bush. 2005. Second inaugural address delivered on 20th January 2005. [Online]. Available at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4460172

Byrd, Robert, “Senate Floor Speech: We Stand Passively Mute,” Wednesday, February 12, 2003. Full text available at: http://www.prorev.com/byrdtalk.htm

Cheney, Dick, “Speech on Interrogation, Delivered to American Enterprise Institute,” May 21, 2009. Full text available at: http://usconservatives.about.com/od/capitalpunishment/a/Cheney_AEI_Speech.htm

Clinton, William J., Remarks to the American Society of Newspaper Editors in Annapolis, April 1, 1993. Public Papers of the Presidents 1993. Book 1. Full text available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=46392&st=soviet+union&st1=foreign+policy

Clinton, William J., Remarks at the American University Centennial Celebration. February 26, 1993. Public Papers of the Presidents, 1993 Book 1. Full text available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=46220&st=bosnia&st1=global+leadership#

Harkin, Tom, Announcing the Start of his Campaign for the Democrat Nomination in 1992. The full text of this speech can be found at: http://www.4president.org/speeches/tomharkin1992announcement.htm

Johnson, Lyndon B., 1966 State of the Union Address, delivered on January 12, 1966. Full text available at: http://www.infoplease.com/t/hist/state-of-the-union/179.html

Johnson, Lyndon B., 1967 State of the Union Address delivered on January 10, 1967. Full text available at: http://www.infoplease.com/t/hist/state-of-the-union/180.html

Kerry, John, Testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, April 23, 1971. The full text of Kerry’s testimony can be found at: http://usliberals.about.com/od/extraordinaryspeeches/a/KerryVietnam.htm

Meyer, Sir Christopher, 2009. Witness Statement to The Iraq Inquiry Thursday 26 November 26, 2009 (morning session). [Online]. Available at: http://www.iraqinquiry.org.uk/transcripts/oralevidence-bydate/091126.aspx

Paul, Sen. Rand, Response to President’s Speech on Military Action in Syria. (2013) [Online] Available at: http://www.paul.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=959

Petraeus, David H., Commander, Multi-National Force-Iraq, Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq, September 10–11, 2007. Full text available online at: http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/pdfs/Petraeus-Testimony20070910.pdf

Petraeus, David H., Commander, Multi-National Force–Iraq, Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq, April 8–9, 2008. Full text available online at: http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/General%20Petraeus%20Testimony%20to%20Congress%208%20April%202008.pdf

Reagan, Ronald, Address to the Nation on Events in Lebanon and Grenada, October 27, 1983, Public Papers of the President series, 1983. Full text available at: http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/102783b.htm

Reagan, Ronald, Address to the Nation on the Situation in Nicaragua. March 16, 1986. Public Papers of the Presidents. 1986. Full text available at: http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/061287d.htm.

Reagan, Ronald, Remarks Announcing Candidacy for the Republican Presidential Nomination, November 13, 1979. Full text available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=76116&st=city+on+a+hill&st1=

Rumsfeld, Donald H., 2003. Beyond Nation Building [Online]. Available at: http://www.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=337,

Rumsfeld and Myers, US Department of Defense. 2001. Briefing on Enduring Freedom, Sunday, October 7, 2001, 2:45 p.m. (EDT). [Online]. Available at: http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=2011

Special Inspector General for Iraqi Reconstruction. 2009. Hard Lessons The Iraq Reconstruction Experience. [Online]. Available at: http://www.sigir.mil/files/HardLessons/Hard_Lessons_Report.pdf.

Newspapers and Periodicals

Albright. Madeleine K., “Yes, there is a reason to be in Somalia.” Published in the New York Times. Tuesday August 10, 1993. Full text available at: http://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/10/opinion/yes-there-is-a-reason-to-be-in-somalia.html

Burns. John, “Bosnia War Crime Trial Hears Serb’s Confession.” New York Times. Published Sunday March 14, 1993. Full text available at: http://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/14/world/bosnia-war-crime-trial-hears-serb-s-confession.html?scp=3&sq=war+criminals&st=nyt

Podhoretz, Norman, “Military Intervention in Nicaragua?,” New York Times, July 24, 1983. Full text available at: http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/02/21/specials/podhoretz-central.html.

Powell, Colin, “Why Generals get Nervous,” New York Times, Thursday October 8, 1992. Full text available at: http://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/08/opinion/why-generals-get-nervous.html

Kit R. Roane, and Edward T. Pound. A Mess of Missing Ordnance, US News and World Reports. October 31, 2004 [Online] Available at: http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/041108/8weapons.htm

Stark, Steven, “President Powell?,” The Atlantic, October 1993. Full text available at: http://www.theatlantic.com/past/politics/policamp/powell.htm

Talbott. Strobe, “Essay: Why Congress Should Approve Contra Aid,” Time. March 24, 1986.

White, Josh, “Abu Ghraib Guards Say Memos Show They Were Scapegoats,” Washington Post, May 1, 2009. Full text available at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/30/AR2009043004077.html