Index

All index entries shown here correspond to the page numbers within the printed edition only. Within this digital format these page numbers allow for cross referencing only.

Abrams, C. (Lieutenant General) 55–6

Afghanistan 83, 145, 160,

Afghan government 168–9, 173–4, 178, 181

Afghan reconstruction 181

Albright, M. (Secretary of State) 29, 131

Armed Forces

Doctrine 6–11

Morale 5, 54, 125, 186

Army (Chief of Staff) 4, 43, 54, 57, 158

Army (North Vietnamese) 4,

Army (US)

Army War College (US) 2, 3, 158, 173

ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam – South Vietnamese army) 48, 117

Aspin, L. (Secretary of Defense) 29, 60, 124, 126–7

Baghdad 154, 158–60

Baker, J. (Chief of Staff President Reagan, Secretary of State G.H.W. Bush) 20, 22, 29, 54, 67, 87

Basra 160

Beirut 97, 102, 104

Israeli attitude towards 100–101, 109

Seige of 107

Bosnia (see also Bosnia Herzgovina) 13

Air strikes and 37

Genocide 23, 31, 33

National interest 19, 22

Soviet Union and 20–22, 24, 26, 31, 34

Bremer, L.P. (Head of Coalition Provisional Authority, Iraq) 155

Britain 128, 135, 138

British 26, 8, 128–9, 135, 145, 149, 153, 155, 167, 176, 178

Brzezinski, Z. 84

Bundy, W. (Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian Affairs) 15

Bush, G.W. (President) 145–8, 150–51, 156–7, 160–63, 165, 169, 175, 178–81

Bush, G.H.W. (President) 19–21, 23–6, 28–9, 33–4, 36, 38, 57, 125–6, 128, 131, 134

Cambodia 48, 50, 68, 126

Carter, J.E. (President) 83–6, 126, 167

CENTCOM 177

Central America 80–81, 83–9, 94–6

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 3, 41, 115

Cheney, R.B. (Vice President) 163

China 17, 23, 26, 47, 66

Chinese 47

Christian forces (also known as the Phalange) 100, 102, 111

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) 3, 22, 28, 70, 89–93, 172, 177

CINCPAC 15

Clausewitz, C.V. 7, 44, 46, 48

Clinton, W.J. (President)

Exit strategy 115, 125–8, 130–35, 138, 143

National interest 19, 23–6, 28–30, 33–5, 38

Cold War 20, 23–5, 30–32, 34, 39, 43, 64, 115, 126, 136, 171

Commander in Chief 65, 67

Communism 15, 32, 64, 85–7, 91, 155

Congress 8, 52, 55, 126, 128, 134–5, 175, 182, 185

and Central America 63–9, 71–2, 75, 77, 80, 83, 86, 88–90, 92–5, 113

Congressional Resolutions 66

Consensus 26, 36, 57, 67, 84–5, 88, 95–6, 142, 164, 169, 174, 183

Constitution (US) 8–9, 65–6, 68–9, 160, 185

Contra(s) 77, 90, 92–4

Corps (military formation) 2

Corps (officer corps) 106, 184

Corruption

in Iraq 155

in Vietnam 117–18

Credibility 15, 17–18, 70, 115–17, 138

Croatia (see also Croat) 23, 27, 34, 131, 133, 138–9

Cross, T. (Major General, British Army) 153

Cuba 83, 86–7, 89, 95

Davidson, P. (Lieutenant General) 2, 117

Dayton Accords 35, 141

Democracy (political concept) 9, 32, 77, 79–80, 85, 91, 146, 148, 174, 185

Neo–Conservatives and 151–2, 162, 164–5, 170,

Democratic Party (see also Democrats) 67, 89, 134

Department of Defense (DoD) 15, 22, 35, 90, 153

Deputy Secretary of Defense 44

Destler, I.M. 72, 75–7

Dominican Republic 81, 83

Eastern Bloc 24

Eisenhower, D.D. (President) 1, 43, 48, 66

Elections 36, 67, 83, 99, 134, 172

Elite opinion 32, 34

Enders, T.O. (Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American affairs) 87, 92–3

Europe 16–17, 25, 115, 126, 138, 178

and Bosnia 20, 22–4, 135

Eastern Europe 32, 95, 135

Exit strategy 1, 10, 141–3, 146–7,

and Afghanistan 179–82

and Bosnia 128, 130–33, 138–42

and Iraq 151–2, 154–6, 164–5

and other elements of the Powell Doctrine 13, 32, 38, 98, 113, 140–41

and Vietnam 115–16, 119–24

Federal Government (Bosnia) 129, 138

First Gulf War 3, 45, 51, 58, 60, 136, 147, 158, 175

Foreign Affairs (Journal) 1, 13, 19, 33, 41, 63, 97, 115

Franks, F. (Lieutenant General) 3

Franks, T.R. (Lieutenant General) 156, 178

France (see also French) 32

Bosnia and 26, 128, 135, 138

Experience in Lebanon 98, 103, 107–8

Experience in Vietnam 44, 49

Gemayel, B. (Lebanese President) 100, 108–9

Graduated response 42–3

Grant Sharp, U.S. (Admiral) 2, 45

Great Society 54,

Ground forces (see also ground troops) 29, 142

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 67, 175

Gutman, R. 27, 91

GVN (Government of Vietnam – South Vietnamese Government) 118, 155

Habib, P. (Ambassador) 100, 103, 106–8, 111

Haig, A. (Secretary of State Lieutenant General) 84–9, 96, 100–101

Haiti 38, 60, 134

Halberstam, D. 28, 49–50, 124, 133

Holbrooke, R. (Ambassador) 136, 140

House of Representatives 86, 89

Humanitarian intervention 19, 27–30, 34, 36–9, 126–8, 132, 136, 138, 153, 171

Hussein, Saddam Hussein (President of Iraq) 148, 152, 158, 160, 163

Iraq 4, 26, 73–4, 110, 136, 160–61, 180–82, 185–6

2003 War 145, 148, 151–3, 156–8, 161–5

and Gulf War 41, 57–8

and WMD 148–51

Collapse of state 159–60

Comparison to Vietnam 155–6

Reconstruction of 153–4

ISAF (International Security Assistance Force) 178–9

Israel 20, 99, 100

Defense Forces (IDF) 107, 111

Government 99, 101–2

Invasion of Lebanon 97–8, 101–3, 109, 111

Jentleson, Bruce 72, 76–7

Joint Chiefs of Staff 13, 41, 57, 63, 97, 103, 115

Vietnam and 1, 3, 15–16, 18, 54, 119

Johnson, H. (General) 54

Johnson, L.B. (President) 14, 16–18, 48, 52, 54, 67, 112

Administration 13–15, 17–18, 45, 47, 50, 52, 56, 67, 105–6, 120, 123, 131

Domestic ambitions 53–4, 70

Dominican Republic 81

Relationship with Congress 67

Johnson, Richard 33

Joulwan, G. (Lieutenant. General) 137

Kabul 178–9

Kennan, George 78–80, 87

Kennedy, J.F. (President) 14, 43

Administration 45

Kinnard, D. (Colonel) 2, 13, 18, 106

Kissinger, H.A. (National Security Advisor and Secretary of State, Dr) 86, 118–19, 122, 126

Kristol, Irving 146

Kull, Steven 72, 75–7

Kuwait 57–8, 175

Lake, A. (National Security Advisor) 29, 126, 138–9

Latin America 84, 87

Lebanon 97, 150–51, 160, 173

Comparison to Vietnam 104–5, 112–14

Conflict 98, 100, 102–3, 106–12

History of 65, 98–100

LeMay, C. (General, USAF) 15–16

Lift and strike 132–3

Likud 99

Lippman, Walter 72–5, 77–8, 84

Marines 81–3, 86, 97, 104, 106, 108–11, 113–14

McDonald, D. (Admiral, USN) 53

McNamara, R.S. (Secretary of Defense) 15, 53, 86, 121, 126

McNaughton, J. (Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Affairs) 15–16, 18

Mead, J. (Colonel, USMC) 108, 110

Media 28, 39, 71, 80, 102

Middle East 100, 102–3, 164, 167, 186

Mobilization 53–5

Mueller, John 72–4, 76, 78, 84, 175

Multilateral 26, 77, 84, 128

Multi-national force (MNF) 103, 108–11, 114

National interest (element of the Powell Doctrine) 1, 10–11, 13, 35, 78, 87, 95, 116, 126, 143, 145, 151, 154, 185

and vital–ness 33, 35

Competing definitions of

in Afghanistan 168–171

in Bosnia 22–3, 33

in Iraq 146–8

in Vietnam 13, 16, 18–19

Relationship to rest of Powell Doctrine 35, 38–9, 41, 61, 93, 113, 150, 164–5, 172, 179, 182

National Press Club 63, 115

National Security Council (NSC) 35, 64, 94

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) 23, 42, 115, 129–30, 133, 136–9, 173–4, 178, 180

Neo–Conservative 146–8, 150, 153–5

Nicaragua 64, 72, 83–4, 86, 91, 93–6

as an issue in Congress 88–9

CIA and 90

History of US involvement in 81–3

Public opinion and 77, 88, 95

US objectives in 91–3

Nixon, R.M. (President) 69, 117

Administration 63, 68, 70, 118, 120–21, 123, 142–3, 145

North Vietnam 4, 14–16, 48, 50–51, 86, 137

National Security Action Memorandum (NSAM) 105

National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) 104–5

Nuclear 31, 43–4

War 31, 43

Weapons 5, 20, 36, 43, 64–5, 149

Objective(s), Clear (element of the Powell Doctrine, see also achievable objectives) 1, 10, 98, 104, 112, 185–6

Afghanistan and 171, 173–4

Iraq and 150, 152

Relationship to rest of Powell Doctrine 13, 38, 91, 113, 128, 141, 143, 165, 180

Objective(s) 7–8, 32, 44–5, 56, 59–60, 86, 89–90, 92–3, 95, 105, 114, 122, 131–3, 137, 140–42, 183–5

in Afghanistan 168, 170–74, 179

in Iraq 147–8, 150–51, 164–5

in Lebanon 97, 109

in Vietnam 15, 17–18, 106

Relationship to Powell Doctrine 78, 116, 124–5, 179–82

Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Affairs (ORHA) 153

Operations (in the military sense of the term) 9–11, 51, 56–7, 60, 68, 78, 90, 92, 98, 113, 124–5, 127–8, 137, 142, 153, 156–8, 167, 169, 176

Overwhelming Force (element of the Powell Doctrine) 6, 10, 41, 51, 55, 60, 184, 186

Afghanistan and 179, 182

Iraq and 156–8, 160, 164–5

Lessons of Vietnam and the relevance to 42, 45–51

History in American military practise 46

Relationship to rest of Powell Doctrine 13, 36–7, 56, 58, 78, 131–3

Owen, D. (EU Negotiator) 129–33, 138–9

Palestinian(s) 20, 98, 101–3, 107–9

Palmer, B. (Lieutenant General) 2, 19

Pakistan (Pakistani) 168, 178, 180,

PDD (Presidential Decision Directive) 127–8, 140

Peace Keeping 110, 128

PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organisation) 97–8, 100–103, 107–9, 114

Powell, C.L. (Lieutenant General) 1, 3, 32, 35, 78, 106, 123, 125, 131, 135–6, 183

as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 3, 13, 35, 41, 45, 58–9, 124

as Military Assistant to Secretary of Defense 97, 110, 116, 123

Foreign Affairs article 1992 1, 13, 19, 33, 97

the military career of 1, 2, 18, 52, 125

PRTs (Provincial Reconstruction Teams) 173–4

Public and Congressional support (element of Powell Doctrine) 1, 11, 63, 66, 71–3, 78, 83–4, 87, 89–91, 95–6, 147, 157, 183, 185

Afghanistan and 174–5

Iraq and 160–61

Public opinion 36, 72, 77, 83–4, 96, 135, 163, 182

and Vietnam 116, 118

Appropriate role of 78–9, 87–8

Nature of 72–8

Relationship to rest of Powell Doctrine 10, 13, 32, 36, 41, 56–7, 61, 91, 93–5, 98, 113, 115, 141, 143

al Qaida 171–6, 178–9, 181

Quemoy 65–6

Rally round the flag effect 74, 175, 182

Reagan

Administration 84, 88–96, 98, 103–4, 111, 113–14

President R.W. Reagan 32, 85–6, 89, 92–4, 97, 100, 102–5, 107–10, 112, 185

Republican Party (see also Republicans) 24, 30, 65, 86, 89, 134, 185

Reserves (US Army) 53–5

Resolutions

Congressional 66–7

United Nations 175

Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) 156–7

Rumsfeld, D. (Secretary of Defense) 156–8, 172, 179–80

Rusk, D. (Secretary of State) 16–17

Russian Federation 23, 26, 34, 135, 138

Sandinista 83–4, 92–5

Schultz, G. (Secretary of State) 106

Schwarzkopf, H.N. (Lieutenant General) 56, 78

September 11th (9/11) 147, 162–4, 169, 171, 174–6, 179

Serbia 23, 27–8, 139

Serb(s) 27, 37–8, 129–33, 138

Shalikashvilli, J. (Lieutenant General) 135–7

Sharon, A. (Israeli Defense Minister) 99–101, 109

Shinseki, E. (Lieutenant General) 4, 158

Smith, L. (Admiral, USN) 137–9

Somalia 25, 38, 127, 134

Southern Democrats 89

South Vietnam(ese) 13–17, 44, 47, 49–52, 61, 85, 116–23, 141–3, 155

Soviet Union (see also USSR) 20–22, 24, 26, 30–32, 34, 65, 83, 85–6, 95, 106, 167–8, 183

State Department 3, 22, 28, 35, 83, 126

Summers, H. (Colonel) 2–3, 50, 71, 105

Syria(n) 98–100, 102, 110–11, 160, 185

Tactical 7, 51, 173

Taft, W.H. (President) 81

Taliban 169–70, 172–4, 176–82

Tet Offensive 54, 73

Texas 64, 82

United Nations (UN) 25, 29, 31, 39, 75, 98, 128–31, 135–9, 149–50, 169

UNPROFOR (United Nations Protection Force) 128, 135–6

UNFIL (United Nations Force in Lebanon) 98

Unilateralism (see also unilateral) 26–7, 68, 84, 129, 133, 143

US Army 1, 6, 8–10, 13, 42, 54, 105, 158, 183

US Constitution 8–9

Vessey, J. (Lieutenant General) 103

Vietnam War 1, 3, 42, 106, 121, 183, 186

and its effects on Powell’s generation of officers 3, 5, 19

attitudes towards the war in the Reagan Administration 85

Debate about Vietnam’s significance to US “national interest” 13

Debate over how force was used in Vietnam 46, 50, 61

Effects on public opinion 69

Similarities between objectives in Vietnam and objectives in Lebanon 97

Vuono, C. (Lieutenant General) 57

Waller, C.(Lieutenant General) 56

War Powers Act (1973) (see also War Powers Resolution) 68–9, 160–61

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) 148–50, 152, 160–62, 164–5

Weinberger, C. (Secretary of Defense) 63, 80, 86–8, 90–91, 97, 103, 106–8, 110, 115–16, 122–3

Westmoreland, W.C. (Lieutenant General) 2, 46–9, 53, 71

World War I (see also First World War) 79, 98

World War II (see also Second World War) 17, 28, 31, 38, 55, 125

Yugoslavia (former) 13, 19–25, 27–31, 33–8, 125, 133, 135, 139