A healthy colon is a 5-foot tube of smooth muscle tissue. But some people’s colons develop small bulges caused by weak spots in the muscle. More than half of all people over age 60 have this harmless condition, which is called diverticulosis. But when these marble-size pouches of intestinal lining become inflamed and infected, it becomes diverticulitis.

Up to one in four people with diverticulosis develops diverticulitis. The most common sign is severe pain on the lower left side of the abdomen; others include fever, nausea, cramping, and a change in bowel habits. A physician diagnoses the condition with a physical exam, blood tests, and CT scans of the abdomen. In the majority of cases, a course of antibiotics is prescribed to combat the infection. If not treated promptly, the infection can lead to an abscess, or a collection of pus, in the colon wall. When this abscess bursts or pus leaks out, peritonitis occurs. This severe condition causes serious illness and can be fatal without proper medical treatment.

Another complication of diverticulitis is a fistula. When damaged tissues come into contact and fuse, creating an abnormal communication, a fistula is formed. Fistulas—along with recurring cases of diverticulitis—are treated with the surgical removal of the troublesome section of the colon.

The best way to ward off these diverticular diseases is to consume a high-fiber diet. Experts believe that constipation causes people to strain during bowel movements, exerting pressure on the colon and weakening the lining. Although adults need 25 grams of fiber a day from foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, most consume less than half that amount. Drinking plenty of fluids and eating salads and whole grain cereals also help maintain regular bowel function and keep the colon healthy.

ADDITIONAL FACTS

  1. Diverticular diseases are rare in Asia and Africa, where most people eat high-fiber diets.
  2. Diverticulosis affects both sexes equally, but diverticulitis is more common in women.