After a long day of walking or standing, you may notice that your shoes are a little more snug than usual. That’s because you’re experiencing edema. Also called dropsy, this condition occurs when tiny blood vessels leak fluid. In response, the kidneys retain sodium and water, which causes more fluid to leak out. This fluid often pools in the surrounding tissue, leading to puffy, swollen body parts—most often the hands, feet, ankles, and legs.

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There are two main forms of this condition: The first and more common is called pitting edema. With this type, applying pressure to the swollen area for 15 seconds leaves an indentation, and the skin in the affected area is often stretched and shiny. Mild cases are caused by pregnancy, varicose veins, certain prescription medications, and sitting or standing for extended periods of time. Consuming too much sodium, which leads the body to retain water, is another factor. Other underlying causes include heart disease, kidney disease, deep vein thrombosis, varicose veins, and other medical conditions that impair circulation.

The second type is nonpitting edema, in which pressure doesn’t leave a mark. Usually striking the legs or arms, it’s the result of disorders of the lymphatic system, or it may stem from injury or hyperthyroidism. Both types of edema are treated by addressing the underlying medical cause of the swelling. Taking a diuretic and limiting sodium intake may also help improve symptoms. Physical therapy, massage, and wrapping or using elastic supports on the affected areas sometimes help as well.

ADDITIONAL FACTS

  1. Congenital lymphedema due to abnormal lymph vessels is known as Milroy’s disease.
  2. Sunburns is another cause of edema.
  3. Removal of lymph nodes during cancer surgery can cause lymphedema.