The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
Abdullah, King, 359
Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk, 127
Abedin, Huma, 330
Abottabad raid (bin Laden raid), 150–56
Abu Ghraib prison scandal, 101
Abu Khattala, Ahmed, 180
Access Hollywood tape, 352, 353, 354
Accountability Review Board, 177, 179
Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction, 86–87
Afghanistan War, 95
AFMIC. See Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center (AFMIC)
AFTAC. See Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC)
Air Force, US
Air Force Intelligence Command, 63
disbanding of SAC, TAC, and MAC, 65
intelligence component, 116
reorganization of, 65
resistance to Goldwater-Nichols reforms, 60–61
uniform redesign of, 65–66
Air Force EC-135, 56
Air Force Intelligence Command, 63
Air Force Security Service, 35
Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC)
Clapper as commander of, 41–42
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty compliance monitored by, 42
al-Awlaki, Anwar, 123–24
al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr, 264
Aldrin, Buzz, 31
Alexander, Keith, 119, 135, 262
Alexander, Minter, 59–60
all-source analysis, 37
AlphaGo, 309–10
al-Qaida, 93, 158, 174–75, 211, 241, 286
American Islamic community, 265
Andrews, Duane, 64
Annandale High School, 12–14
Anonymous (hacker group), 298
Ansar al-Sharia, 167, 168, 169, 180
anti-Muslim violence, 335
antiwar sentiment, 1970s, 32
Aplington, Hank, 23
Apollo program, 31
Apple, 306
Apprentice, The (TV series), 326, 328
Arab Spring, 157–61
Arafat, Yasser, 78
Archuleta, Katherine, 297
Arkin, William M., 136–37
Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center (AFMIC), 68
Armstrong, Neil, 31
artificial intelligence, 307, 309–10
Assad, Bashar al-, 165, 167, 238–39, 303–4
Assange, Julian, 215–16, 219–20, 241, 341, 347, 354
Australia, 236
Five Eyes meetings, 78, 255, 308–9
Awlaki, Anwar al-, 123–24
Babich, Ruth Anne (Chris) Clapper (sister), 8, 10–13, 137, 196
Baghdadi, Abu Bakr al-, 264
Bahamas, 241
Bahrain, 161
Bannon, Steve, 347
Base Realignment and Closure Commission, 107–8
Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, 158–59
Benghazi attack, 168–81
investigations into and politicization of, 173–81
postattack Intelligence Community “talking points,” 172–73
Berlin Wall, 55–56
Berners-Lee, Tim, 77
Biden, Joe, 127, 142–43, 146, 152
bin Laden, Osama, 93
bin Laden raid, 150–56
Bin Laden’s Bookshelf, 293–94
birther conspiracy, 153, 326, 327
Black Lives Matter protests, 318
Blair, Dennis, 131
Panetta and, 126–27
Boko Haram, 287
Booz Allen Hamilton, 86
Boston Marathon bombing, 211–12
Bouazizi, Mohamed, 157
Boundless Informant, 225–26
BP oil spill, 110
Brazil, 256–57
Brazile, Donna, 353
Brennan, John, 122, 142, 143, 148–49, 197, 362, 372, 373, 374, 380, 384
Brooks, David, 329
budget, US government, 182–95
appropriations, 185–86, 188–89
authorization bills, 184–86, 187–88
budget cycle process, 184–86
continuing resolutions, 187, 188–89
DOD versus DNI handling of sequestration cuts, 201, 203, 210
financial crisis and, 183–84
for fiscal year 2011, 188–89
for fiscal year 2012, 194
government shutdown, October 2013, 242
IC leadership meeting to establish priorities and ways to meet future cuts, 2011, 190–192
increase in, from 2001 to 2011, 182–83
leak of 2013 Congressional Budget Justification Book, 240–41
Military Intelligence Program (MIP), 182–83, 185–86, 189, 194, 201
National Intelligence Program (NIP), 182–83, 185–86, 189–83, 194, 201
planning for future needs, 186
sequestration and, 193, 196–97, 201, 202–3, 205–6, 210–11, 213, 242
Budget Control Act of 2011, 193
Bulgaria, 55
Bunning, Jim, 114
Burgess, Ron, 119, 122–23, 144, 145
Bush, Billy, 352
Bush, George W.
address to joint session of Congress, post-9/11, 95
“axis of evil” State of the Union address of, 96
Executive Order 12333 and, 118
at Ground Zero, 93
Cambone, Steve, 104–5, 108, 109–10
Five Eyes meetings, 78, 255, 308–9
Caracristi, Ann, 19
Cardillo, Robert, 123, 145, 146
Carlson, Bruce, 122
Carrano, Jennifer, 69
Carter, Ash, 176, 201, 203, 210
Carter, Jimmy, 315
Casablanca (film), 234
Center for American Progress, 287–88
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 3–4, 63, 102, 116
bin Laden raid and, 151, 152, 153, 156
extraordinary rendition and, 101, 126
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 and, 60
Panetta’s authority as head of, 126–27
Chaffetz, Jason, 355
Chain, Jack, 57
Chambliss, Saxby, 177, 187, 204
Charlie Hebdo attack, 286–87
Charlie Wilson’s War (film), 119, 120
Chile, 317
island building in South China Sea of, 266
Office of Personnel Management hacking and, 295–98
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and, 54–55
Church Committee, 317
CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
civil liberties, 81–82, 212–13, 232
Clapper, Andy (son), 31, 44, 55, 57
Clapper, James R.
addresses IC Pride group, 262–63
addresses Snowden in University of Georgia lecture, 246–49
as Air Force Security Service senior resident officer at NSA, 34–35
as Air Force senior intelligence officer at Pentagon, 57–62
Alexander and, 59–60
on “alternative facts,” 397–98
analyzes Philadelphia Police Department radio transmissions at age twelve, 10–11
attends Air Force Signals Intelligence Course, 18–20
attends National War College, 34
attends University of Maryland, 15–16
awarded Coast Guard Distinguished Public Service Award, 110
as chief of intelligence for US forces in South Korea, 43–48, 51–52
childhood of, 5–12
in college, 15–18
commencement speech at Annandale High School of, 13–14
commissioned as Air Force second lieutenant, 18
consultant and advisory positions of, 86–87
as deputy chief of Soviet Air Defense Branch, 20–21
as deputy chief of staff for Strategic Air Command, 54–57
as DIA director, 64–82
DNI nomination and confirmation process for, 128–35, 136–40
Executive Order 12333 and, 118
in foreign material acquisition program, 32–33
jury duty summons of, 291
Khobar Towers bombing investigation and, 83–86
Korean crisis and, 33–34
in Marine Corps Reserve, 16–17
marriage of, 21
master’s thesis on DOD equal-opportunity housing policy of, 27
meets Kennedy, 18
Meet the Press appearance of, 386–87
as military aide to Coira, 24–25
as NGA director, 88–110
at NSA, 31–33
Obama and, 129–33, 137, 143, 146–47, 149, 196–97, 229–30
at Pentagon, 37–41
personal belief that Russian efforts swung election to Trump, 395–96
postretirement Congressional testimony of, 388–92
preelection warning on Russian interference by, 2
as professor at Georgetown University, 110–11
purpose of writing book, 398–400
refutes Trump’s claims that Clapper had cleared him of collusion, 393–94
retirement from active-duty service of, 82–83
retirement from DNI position, 381–83
ride-alongs with Fairfax County Police Department, 38
secures release of American prisoners in North Korea, 270–82
survival training of, 28–29
switches to Air Force Reserve, 17
on transparency in intelligence gathering, 81–82
on Trump administration indifference to Russian threat, 396–97
on 2012 presidential election and politicization of Benghazi attack, 175–81
U-2 spy plane flight orientation of, 56–57
as undersecretary of defense for intelligence, 111–27
at US Pacific Command, 33, 52–55
Vietnam War service of, 21–24, 29–31
visits North Korea as DNI, 48–50
on why we do intelligence, 310–11
wife’s illness and, 291–93
See also director of national intelligence (DNI)
Clapper, Mike (brother), 12, 137
Clapper, Sue (wife), 8, 17–18, 19, 21, 44, 55, 82–83, 87, 88–89, 112–13, 114–15, 128–29, 137, 146, 196, 291–93
Clinton, Bill
JWICS installed in White House Situation Room by, 77
Loretta Lynch’s tarmac meeting with, 338
withdrawal from Somalia and, 73–74
Clinton, Hillary, 1, 142–43, 149, 163, 176, 179
announces candidacy, 318
classified emails found on home server of, 322
deletion of “personal” emails on private server by, 320–21, 322–23
Guccifer reveals private email address of, 320
Russian parliamentary elections of 2011 results condemned by, 313–14
See also presidential election of 2016
Coakley, Jennifer Clapper (daughter), 37–38, 44, 55, 137
Coast Guard, 63–64
Hurricane Katrina response and, 108–10
intelligence component of, 117
Coburn, Tom, 139
Cohen, William, 85
Coira, Louis, 24
Collins, Susan, 103, 105–6, 344
Clinton email investigation findings announced by, 338–40
Clinton emails found on Abedin’s computer announced by, 355
dinner at White House, 385
IC assessment on Russian interference and, 362, 372–73, 374, 375–76, 380
Russian contacts with Trump campaign, investigation of, 387, 388
Trump’s firing of, 392–93
Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, 101
Congress/congressional committees
budget. See budget, US government
Bush’s post-9/11 address to, 95
Clapper’s postretirement testimony to, 388–92
IC assessment of Russian election interference, Clapper’s testimonies regarding, 368–72, 377–78, 379, 380–81
metadata storage program, Clapper’s testimony on, 207–8, 222–24, 234, 243
Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, 76
worldwide threat assessments given to, 149–50, 159, 164–65, 175, 204–8, 250–51, 252–54, 286–87, 307–8
Congressional Budget Justification Book for 2013, leak of, 240–41
continuing resolutions, 187, 188–89
Cook, Tim, 306
Corker, Bob, 177
Cornyn, John, 391
Corona program, 26–27
Cretz, Gene, 166
CrowdStrike, 341–42
Cruz, Ted, 341
Cultures of Protest (documentary), 316
Curran, Sean, 248
Curveball, 99
Cyber Command (CYBERCOM), 135, 296, 299
cyberspace and cybersecurity
different ways hackers can affect information, 298–99
encryption applications and, 299
International Conference on Cyber Security, Clapper’s speech to, 284–85
Office of Personnel Management, hacking of, 295–98
phishing, 285–86
Russian hacking and phishing operations, in 2016 presidential election, 321–22, 341–43
second- and third-order vulnerabilities potentially resulting from cyberattacks, 296
Sony Pictures, hacking of, 283–84
worldwide threat assessment of 2015 and, 286
worldwide threat assessment of 2016 and, 307
Czechoslovakia, 55
Danoy, Jim, 141–42
DCLeaks, 366
“A Deadly Mix in Benghazi” (Kirkpatrick), 171
Deep Blue, 309
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 63, 116
briefing of Middle Eastern leaders on Hussein’s troop movements, 78
budget cuts at, 72
Clapper as director of, 64–82
downsizing and reorganization of, 72–73, 182
equal opportunity policies and programs, 70–71
funding for new facility for, 107–8
General Defense Intelligence Program (GDIP), consolidation of, 67–68
HUMINT service, creation of, 74
imagery analysts of, consolidated into NIMA, 76–77
Iron Curtain countries, visits to, 78–81
Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System, creation of, 77–78
Military Forces in Transition, publication of, 67
National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs), 71–72
POW/MIA resolution and, 75–76
racial tensions and discriminatory practices at, 70–71
Somalia and, 73–74
women, role of, 69–70
Democratic National Committee, 322, 341–43
Democratic People’s Republic of North Korea (DPRK). See North Korea
Dempsey, Jack, 114
Dempsey, Martin, 170
Dempsey, Mike, 381–82
Department of Defense
intelligence agencies of, 63, 116
reorganizaton of, after Grenada, 41
sequestration cuts and, 201, 202–3, 210
Department of Energy intelligence offices, 63–64, 117
Department of Homeland Security intelligence offices, 117
Department of State intelligence offices, 63–64, 117
Department of the Treasury intelligence offices, 63–64, 117
Deptula, Dave, 59
Desert Shield, 61
Detica, 110
Deutch, John, 82
DIA. See Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)
Dickas, John, 209–10
director of national intelligence (DNI)/Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)
Arab Spring and, 157–61
authority, lack of, 106–7, 118
bin Laden raid and, 150–56
budgeting and. See budget, US government
Clapper’s interview with and letter to Obama regarding role of, 129–33
congressional testimonies and briefings on cyber threats and Russian election interference, 368–72, 377–78, 379, 380–81
cross-community centers of, 117
and ethical principles of Intelligence Community, 268–69
Executive Order 12333 and, 118–19
Gaddafi/Libya, Intelligence Community assessments of, 163, 164–65
Global Trends Report of National Intelligence Council, 377–78
Hayden and Clapper advocate for strong DNI, 104–5
INSA address of Clapper, 363–65
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 and, 60
legislation creating, 103–6
McConnell as, 115
Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt, Intelligence Community assessment of, 159–61
National Security Council (NSC) meetings and, 142–44
nomination of, and confirmation process for Clapper, 133–35, 136–40
Obama’s speech at tenth-anniversary celebration, 147, 290–91
Office of the Secretary of Defense, improving working relationship with, 115–16
organizational changes at, 145
President’s Daily Brief and, 141–42, 146–48, 345, 358
Principals Committee (PC) meetings and, 142–44
prioritizing relationships and, 144
public communications of, 148–50
repairing and restoring international relationships after Snowden leaks, 254–58
retirement of Clapper, 381–83
Russian interference, Intelligence Community assessment of, 3–4, 361–62, 366–69, 372–77
staffing and role of, 117
transparency initiatives, 236–38, 293–94
Trump briefed on IC assessment and Russian “dossier,” 373–77
work with Trump transition team, 360–61
Djibouti, 159
Doherty, Glen, 171
Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, repeal of, 124–26
Downing, Wayne, 83–84, 85, 398
Dr. Strangelove (film), 56
Drug Enforcement Administration, 117
Dugan, Mike, 57
Dunford, Joe, 336
Dutch Safety Board, 266–67
Duty (Gates), 153–54
EC-47 signals intelligence planes, 28
Economist, 394
Ecuador, 235
Edelman, 268
Egypt
Arab Spring in, 159–61
Mubarak’s resignation, 161
Muslim Brotherhood and, 159, 160–61, 167
Eisenhower, Dwight, 14, 314, 345
Electronic Security Command, 35
encryption, commercial, 299, 306–7
enhanced interrogation techniques, 126
Espionage Act of 1917, 231
Ewing, Mark, 140
Executive Order 9981, 9
Executive Order 12333, 118–19
extraordinary rendition, 101, 126
Facebook, 395
Fairfax County Police Department, 38
Farenthold, Blake, 243
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 3–4, 117
Federal Emergency Management Agency, 109
Federal Intelligence Service (BND), 257–58
Feinstein, Dianne, 133–34, 187, 204
Fetchet, Mary, 103
Five Eyes intelligence chief meetings, 78, 255, 308–9
“Fixing Intel: A Blueprint for Making Intelligence Relevant in Afghanistan” (Flynn), 330–31
FLR-9 antenna arrays, 25
Flynn, Mike, 79, 330–32, 333, 341, 361, 366, 374, 386, 390–91
Forbes, 326
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Section 702, 208–10, 234
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008, 198–200
foreign material acquisition program, 32–33
Fort Hood shooting, 123–24
Fowle, Jeffrey, 271
Franks, Tommy, 95
Franks, Trent, 243
Fravel, Rich, 201
Fred T. Berry, USS, 6
Frist, Bill, 103
Future Imagery Architecture systems, 89, 122
Gaddafi, Muammar, 162–64, 165–66, 174, 193–94
Gates, Bob, 62, 96, 104, 107, 128, 130, 142–43, 152, 153–54, 163
as CIA director, 71
as secretary of defense, 111, 120–21
testimony on Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy repeal, 124–25
gays, in military. See homosexuals, in military
General Defense Intelligence Program (GDIP), 67–68
Georgetown University, 110–11
Geospatial Intelligence Symposiums
GEO-INTEL 2003, 100
GEOINT 2004, 100
GEOINT 2011, 194
GEOINT 2015, 296–97
GEOINT 2016, 310–11
Germany, 7, 8, 13, 14, 55, 81, 99, 236, 257, 258, 260, 277, 289, 395
Gertz, Bill, 98
Ghouta, Syria, chemical weapon attack on, 238–39
Gilmore, Jim, 86–87
Gilmore Commission Report, 86
Giuliano, Mark, 176
glasnost (openness), 52–53
Global Trends Report, 377–78
Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986, 41, 48, 53, 60–61
Google, 309
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 52–53, 54, 57
Gowdy, Trey, 243
Graham, Jack, 53
Graham, Lindsey, 164, 168, 371, 390
The Great War of Our Time (Morell), 171
Green Movement protest, 148
Greenwald, Glenn, 220–21, 226–27, 241, 256
Grenada invasion, 41
Guantanamo Bay prison, 101
Guardian, 220, 221, 224–27, 230–31, 235, 332
Guardians of Peace, 283
Guccifer, 320
Guinea, 266
Gulf of Tonkin incident, 21
hackers/hacking. See cyberspace and cybersecurity
Haiti coup d’état, 77
ham radio operators, 15
Hardisty, Hunt, 53
Harrison, Sarah, 227, 234, 235
Hasan, Nidal, 123–24
Hayden, Mike, 71, 100, 104, 107, 108, 231–32
Hayes, Rutherford B., 130
Hays, Ron, 53
Hezbollah, and Khobar Towers bombing, 83
high-frequency communications, 15
high-frequency Morse code, 25
Hockstra, Pete, 118–19
Holder, Eric, 142, 196, 243, 250–51
homosexuals, in military
Clapper’s address to IC Pride group, 262–63
Clapper’s handling of, 36
dishonorable discharge policy, 21
Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, repeal of, 124–26
Inman’s handling of, 35–36
Hong Kong, 234
House of Representatives. See Congress/congressional committees
Human Rights Watch, 101
HUMINT, 74
Humphrey, Hubert, 315
Hungary, 55
Hurricane Katrina, 108–10
Hurricane Rita, 110
Hussein, Saddam, 57, 58, 78, 83, 98–99, 174
IARPA. See Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)
IBM, 309
IC. See Intelligence Community (IC)
IC ITE, 193, 194, 195, 269, 294
IC on the Record website, 238, 294
Idris I, King, 162
Inboden, Will, 261
incidental collection, 199–200
income inequality, 287–88
INF. See Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty
INSA, 363–65
Inspire, 211
intelligence
Clapper’s view on role of intelligence profession, 49
Grenada invasion and, 41
Gulf War and, 62
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and, 58
signals intelligence. See signals intelligence (SIGINT)
Somalia and, 73–74
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and, 54, 55
weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and, 97–100
See also Intelligence Community (IC); specific agencies
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), 117
Intelligence Authorization Act, 186
Intelligence Community (IC)
agencies composing, in 1991, 63–64
agencies composing, in 2006, 116–17
bin Laden raid and, 150–56
budget. See budget, US government
foreign election interference and regime change efforts of, 316–18
9/11 Commission report and, 101–3
Russian interference assessment, 3–4, 361–62, 366–69, 372–77
Snowden leaks and, 232–34, 236–38, 242–43
successes of, not publicly discussed, 155
Syrian use of chemical weapons and, 238–39
Trump comments delegitimizing, 362, 379–80
worldwide threat assessments, 149–50, 159, 164–65, 175, 204–8, 250–51, 252–54, 286–87, 307–8
See also intelligence; specific agencies
Intelligence Community (IC) assessment of Russian interference, 3–4, 361–62, 366–69, 372–77
Intelligence Community Review, 243–46
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA), 60, 106, 145, 196–97, 201
Intercept, The, 241
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, 397
International Conference on Cyber Security, Clapper’s speech to, 284–85
Interview, The (film), 283, 284
Green Movement protest, 148
Khobar Towers bombing and, 83
2016 Worldwide Threat Assessment and, 307
Iran-Iraq War, 57
Iraq
al-Qaida in, 158
Arab Spring in, 161
invasion of Kuwait by, 57–59
no-fly zones and, 83
Scud missiles fired by, 69
weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and, 97–100
Iraq Survey Group, 98
IRTPA. See Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA)
ISIL. See Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
ISIS. See Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). See Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), 253, 263–66, 305, 306, 332, 346, 354, 357
capture of Fallujah, Ramadi, and Mosul by, 263–64
US air strikes against, 304
Issa, Darrell, 243
Jackson, Sue, 44
Jacques, Steve, 100
Jade Helm 15 military exercises, 302–3
Japan, 8–10, 25, 27, 39, 256, 270, 277, 328, 347
Jenner, Caitlyn, 301
Johnson, Jeh, 2, 349, 350, 351
Johnson, Loch, 246–47
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (Iran nuclear deal), 289–90, 299–301
Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS), 77–78
Jones, Alex, 302–3
Jordan, 159
Joyce, Sean, 195–96
JWICS. See Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS)
Karcz, Jan, 300
Kasich, John, 341
Kasparov, Garry, 309
key escrow, 306
Khan, Ghazala, 344
Khan, Humayan, 344
Khan, Khizr, 344
Khobar Towers bombing and investigation, 83–86
Khrushchev, Nikita, 14, 261, 315
Kim Jong-un, 48–49, 50–51, 201, 270
King, Angus, 207
Kirkpatrick, David, 171
Kislyak, Sergey, 366
Kochanski, Jack, 24
Kojm, Chris, 252
Korean Air Lines Flight 007, Soviet downing of, 39–41
interception of Soviet communications, 39–40
Reagan’s declassification of transcripts of, 40
Soviets’ initial denial of involvement, 39
UN Security Council hears voice recordings related to, 40
Kratovil, Gary, 46
Kurdi, Alan, 305
Labrador, Raúl, 243
Lamo, Adrian, 219
Laos, 30
Large, Scott, 119
Lavrov, Sergey, 354
Leiter, Mike, 127
Leonard, Mike, 16
lesbians, in military. See homosexuals, in military
Lettre, Marcel, 359
Levin, Dov, 317
Lew, Jack, 336
Lewis, Daniel, 285
Liberia, 266
Libya, 161–67
Gaddafi killed, 165–66, 193–94
national elections in, 167
US airstrikes on and NATO no-fly zone for, 165
US diplomatic compound in Benghazi attacked, 168–72
Li Peng, 54
Litt, Bob, 196, 197, 198, 199, 208
Livsey, Bill, 43–44, 44, 45, 47, 51–52, 398
Loh, Mike, 60
Long, Tish, 69–70, 109, 135–36, 204, 302
Looking Glass airborne command, 56
Maas, Peter, 220–21
MacAskill, Ewen, 220–21
McCain, John, 139, 164–65, 168, 175, 204–5, 368, 369–70
McCaskill, Claire, 371–72
McConnell, Mitch, 350
McCullough, Chuck, 322
McDonald, Larry, 39–41
McDonough, Denis, 154, 210, 239, 251, 346
McFarland, K. T., 374
McGahn, Don, 390
McPeak, Tony, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66–67
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, 266–68
Manchin, Joe, 150
Manning, Chelsea (previously Bradley), 215, 219, 227
Marine Corps intelligence component, 63, 116
Marsh, John O., 48
Martin, John Bartlow, 314–15
Mas-Hamilton Group, 114
Mattis, Jim, 213
Meet the Press (TV show), 323, 386–87, 392, 397
Merkel, Angela, 257–58
Merkley, Jeff, 199
metadata storage program (telephone records collection)
Clapper’s testimony before Senate select committee on, 207–8, 222–24, 234, 243
declassification of, 233–34
FISA Section 702 authorities versus Patriot Act Section 215, 208–10, 234
Guardian publication of Snowden leaks revealing, 221–22
termination and replacement of, 245–46
Meyerriecks, Dawn, 192
migrant crisis, 304–5
Mikulski, Barbara, 135, 138, 207
Military Forces in Transition, 67
Military Intelligence Program (MIP), 182–83, 189, 194, 201
Missile and Space Intelligence Center (MSIC), 68–69
Mitchell, Andrea, 251
Mogadishu, battle of, 74
Moody, Juanita, 19
Moore, John, 78
Morales, Evo, 235
Morris, Del, 46
Morsi, Mohamed, 167
MSIC. See Missile and Space Intelligence Center (MSIC)
MSNBC, 393
Mullen, Mike, 123, 155–56, 177
on national debt as threat to national security, 183–84
testimony on Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy repeal, 124–26, 262
Murrett, Bob, 119
Muslim Brotherhood, 159, 160–61, 167
Muslims, violence against, in US, 335
Myers, Dick, 104–5
My Lai Massacre, 218
Myrick, Sue, 160
Nakashima, Ellen, 361
National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC), 117
National Counterproliferation Center (NCPC), 117
National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), 117, 127
National Defense Authorization Act, 186
National Foreign Intelligence Board, 97
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), 116
Clapper as director of, 88–110
Clapper’s opposition to formation of, 76–77
farewell reception for Clapper, cost of, 113–14
fusion of mapping and geographic analysis capabilities to create, 76–77, 88
gathering intelligence on Afghanistan, 94–95
Hurricane Katrina response and, 108–10
industry partnerships, 100
integration of imagery analysts with mapping and charting experts, 94
integration with other intelligence agencies, 102
Iraq War and, 98
Long as director of, 135–36
NIMA renamed as, 98–99
Rumsfeld interviews Clapper for directorship, 90–91
secretary of defense/DCI report on and recommendations for, 89–90
term of director, 90
weapons of mass destruction (WMD) intelligence and, 97–100
National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). See National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs), 71–72
on Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, 97, 99
sources used, review of, 99–100
National Intelligence Program (NIP), 182–83, 189–83, 194, 201
National Intelligence Strategy, 2014, 268–69
National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia, 75
National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC), 26–27, 95, 107–8
National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), 26–27, 63, 89, 116, 122
National Security Agency (NSA), 3–4, 63, 116
Clapper as Air Force Security Service senior resident officer at, 34–35
Clapper as military assistant to director of, 31–33
Clapper’s address to IC Pride group at, 262–63
CYBERCOM’s creation and initial reporting to, 135
integration with other intelligence agencies, 102
joint CIA/FBI/NSA/DNI assessment of Russian interference in 2016 US election, 3–4, 361–62, 366–69, 372–77
Patriot Act Section 215 authorities of, 208–9, 212
phone call records database of. See metadata storage program (telephone records collection)
Snowden leaks and, 220–38
Soviets as target of, during détente, 32
National Security Council (NSC), 142–44
Nazarro, Joseph, 30
NCPC. See National Counterproliferation Center (NCPC)
NCSC. See National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC)
NCTC. See National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)
Negroponte, John, 107, 115, 147
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 299–300, 359
New START, 148
New York Times, 89, 241, 271–72, 347, 380, 392
Five Eyes meetings, 78, 255, 308–9
NGA. See National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
NIMA (National Imagery and Mapping Agency). See National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
9/11 Commission, 101–3
9/11 terrorist attacks, 91–94
Nixon, Richard, 315
no-fly zones, 83
Norman, Greg, 358
accidental foray into, 46–48
Clapper’s visit as DNI and personal assessment of, 48–50
nuclear deterrence and, 49–50
nuclear tests of, 111, 201, 270
releases American prisoners, 270–82
siege mentality of, 49
Sony Pictures hacked by, 283–84
as stuck in 1953 warfare paradigm, 44–45
Track II dialogue with, 51
Trump and, 50–51
tunnels built under Demilitarized Zone by, 45
Norway, 256
NRO. See National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)
NSA. See National Security Agency (NSA)
NSA Advisory Board, 86
NSC. See National Security Council (NSC)
Nuremberg American High School, 14
Obama, Barack, 160, 187, 282, 299, 313, 327, 362
Benghazi and, 171
bin Laden raid and, 152–56
Clapper interviewed for DNI position, 129–30
on Clapper’s answer to Wyden, 251–52
Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, repeal of, 124
election of, 120
failure to call out Russian interference, 2, 351
Intelligence Community assessment of Russian influence operation and, 3–4, 361–62, 366–69, 372–77
Intelligence Community hires of, 120–22
on Islamic State’s seizure of territory, 269
Libya and, 163–64
ODNI tenth-anniversary celebration speech of, 147, 290–91
orders sanctions and expulsions as response to Russian interference, 365–66
presents Intelligence Community review and IC changes to nation, 243–46
reelection of, 178–79
on refusal to use phrase “radical Islam,” 336–37
Snowden leaks and, 229–30, 237–38
Syrian use of chemical weapons and, 239
Occupy Wall Street movement, 316
Oeth, Ray, 46
Office of Personnel Management, 295–98
Office of Special Investigations (OSI), 84
Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). See director of national intelligence (DNI)
Olsen, Matt, 168, 170, 179, 180, 320
Oman, 159
Operation Enduring Freedom, 95
Operation Paul Bunyan, 33–34, 48
Operation Uphold Democracy, 77
OSI. See Office of Special Investigations (OSI)
O’Sullivan, Stephanie, 70, 134, 149, 192, 194, 195–96, 204, 294, 302, 381–82
Panetta, Leon, 170
Blair and, 126–27
as CIA head, 121
“Paradox of Progress” (Global Trends Report), 377–78
Paris terrorist attacks, 305
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963, 42
Patriot Act Section 215, 208–10, 212, 233, 234, 265
Patton, George, 52, 72–73, 152, 398
Patton (film), 52
PC. See Principals Committee (PC)
PDB. See President’s Daily Brief (PDB)
peace dividend, 72–73, 87, 137, 182
Pence, Mike, 374–75
perestroika (restructuring), 52–53
Perry, Bill, 74
Petraeus, David, 172–73, 175, 195–96
Phillips, Sam, 31–33
phishing, 285–86
Pickering, Thomas, 177
Pilger, John, 354
Pillar, Paul, 177–78
Pistole, John, 123
Playing to the Edge (Hayden), 104
Podesta, John, 352
Poe, Ted, 243
Pogo (comic strip), 331
Poitras, Laura, 220–21, 226–27
Poland, 55
Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, 86
Powell, Colin, 58, 66, 97, 172
Power, Samantha, 143
Powers, Gary, 25–26
POW/MIA resolution, 75–76
presidential election of 2012, 315–16
presidential election of 2016, 1–4, 318–56
Access Hollywood tape of Trump and, 352, 353, 354
campaign rhetoric of Trump, 328–30, 332–33, 334, 335, 342, 344, 346, 353
Clapper’s “It’ll be okay” address to Intelligence Community, 347–48
Clapper’s personal belief that Russian efforts swung election to Trump, 395–96
Clinton announces candidacy, 318
Clinton’s “basket of deplorables” comment and, 351
Clinton’s stumbling from pneumonia and, 350–51
Comey investigation into Clinton emails and, 338–40
early primaries, 333
FBI finds Clinton emails on Abedin’s laptop and, 354–55
Homeland Security/ODNI joint statement on Russian activities, 351–52
IC assessment of Russian interference, 3–4, 361–62, 366–69, 372–77
intelligence briefings for candidates, 344–46
Obama declines to publicly address Russian interference in, 2, 351
Obama requests single intelligence report on Russian interference with, 362
parallelism of Trump campaign allegations and Russian amplification of claims, 349, 396
party nominations clinched by Clinton and Trump, 338
Podesta’s hacked emails released by WikiLeaks and, 352, 353
preelection intelligence warnings about Russian meddling in, 325, 334–35
presidential debates, 353, 354
Russian influence and hacking operations and, 2–4, 318–20, 321–22, 323–25, 333, 334, 340–56 passim
Trump announces candidacy, 328–29
Trump campaign rewrites party platform, 340–41
Trump’s statements about Putin, 332–33, 343
WikiLeaks dumps hacked DNC emails online, 342
President’s Daily Brief (PDB), 117–18, 141–42, 146–48, 345, 358
Priest, Dana, 136–37
Principals Committee (PC), 142–44
PRISM, 224–25
privacy, 81–82, 124, 212–13, 306–7
Pulse nightclub shooting, 336
annexation of Crimea and, 58, 260–61, 307–8
reelection as president, 2012, 314
Snowden granted temporary asylum by, 234, 235
US presidential elections, influence and hacking operations in, 318, 349, 350, 351–52, 354, 375, 395
Quayle, Dan, 53
race relations, 1970s, 32
racial discrimination in military, prohibition of (Executive Order 9981), 32
racial tensions, at DIA, 70–71
Radio Free Europe, 316
Radio Sputnik, 321, 322, 323, 325, 334, 366–67
Rambo: First Blood Part II (film), 75
Rangel, Robert, 129
Rasmussen, Nick, 376
Reagan, Ronald, 315
Executive Order 12333 and, 118
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 downing and, 40
Reconnaissance General Bureau (RGB), North Korea, 275, 283
regime change, 317–18
Register, 307
Reimer, Denny, 110
Resolute, HMS, 130
Reston, James, 314–15
Rice, Susan, 143–44, 173–74, 175, 179, 258, 270, 272, 282, 361, 388–89
Rich, Seth, 340
Roberts, Pat, 148
Rodman, Dennis, 271
Rodriguez, Mike, 46
Rogers, Mike (NSA director), 135, 284, 296, 361, 362, 372–74, 380, 387
Rogers, Mike (US representative), 187–88
Rohan, Pat, 142
Romania, 55
Rosenstein, Rod, 372–73
Roule, Norm, 147–48
Rousseff, Dilma, 256
Rove, Karl, 288
US presidential election of 2012 and, 315–16
US presidential election of 2016 and, 318–20, 321, 322, 323–25, 333, 334, 340, 347, 351, 354, 366–67
Ruemmler, Kathy, 196
Clapper and, 90–91
DNI establishment and, 104–5, 106
relieves Clapper as NGA director, 109
Ruppersberger, Dutch, 187–88
Russia, 79
annexation of Crimea by, 58, 260–61, 307–8
cruise missile tests in violation of INF Treaty of, 397
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 shot down by, 266–68
Obama’s response to election interference of, 365–66
parliamentary elections, 2011, 312–14
as primary existential threat to US, 399–400
Snowden granted temporary asylum in, 235
social media use by, 260, 266, 267–68, 303, 321
Syria and, 304
US presidential election of 2016, influence and hacking operations in, 2–4, 318–20, 321–22, 323–25, 333, 334, 340–56 passim
worldwide threat assessment of 2016 and, 307–8
See also Soviet Union
Rutherford, Ernest, 192
Ryan, Paul, 350
Sampson, Rita, 302
San Bernardino terrorist attack, 305–6
Sanders, Bernie, 333, 342, 343
Sanders, Sarah, 392–93
Sanger, Mark, 271–72
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 164
satellites
Corona program and, 26–27
NRO’s loss of, 122
Sputnik, 26
Sawyer, Diane, 148–49
Scarborough, Joe, 332–33
Schroeder, Gerhard, 332
Schultz, Debbie Wasserman, 342, 380–81
Schwarzkopf, Norman, 58, 59, 62
Sciutto, Jim, 296–97
SEAL Team Six, 156
secretary of defense
director of national intelligence (DNI), improving working relationship with, 115–16
Sedol, Lee, 309–10
Senate. See Congress/congressional committees
Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, 76
Sensenbrenner, James, 243
sequestration, 193, 196–97, 201, 202–3, 205–6, 210–11, 213, 242
Sessions, Jeff, 372–73
“The Seven Impossible Demands Policymakers Place on Intelligence” (Inboden), 261
Shea, Stu, 100
Shedd, David, 118
Shelby, Richard, 69
Sherline, Stephanie, 209, 291, 380, 381
Sherman, Wendy, 272
Sierra Leone, 266
signals intelligence (SIGINT), 26–27
Clapper attends Signals Intelligence Officers Course, 18–20
EC-47 signals intelligence planes and, 28
FLR-9 antenna arrays, 25
high-frequency Morse code and, 25
integration of, 382
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 downing and, 39–41
Russian overflights halted after Powers’s U-2 shot down, 25–26
scope and manpower-intensive nature of, in late 1950s, 25
SR-71 Blackbird collection of, 25
in Vietnam War, 21–24
60 Minutes (TV show), 101
Skipalski, Major General, 80
Smith, Bob, 76
Smith, Sean, 169
Snowden, Edward, 2–3, 81, 214–15, 220–21, 240, 241, 246
flight from Hong Kong, 234–35
Justice Department charges against, 231
requests and is granted temporary asylum in Russia, 235
video interview explaining motivations of, 226–27
work history and access to classified materials of, 227–29
Boundless Informant and, 225–26
Guardian and other media outlet stories and videos, 221, 224–27, 230–31, 235, 240–41
Intelligence Community, effect on, 232–33, 236, 242–43
Intelligence Community transparency in response to, 236–38
metadata storage program and, 221–24, 234
Obama briefed on, 229–30
PRISM and, 224–25
programs damaged and lost as result of, 241–42
repairing and restoring international relationships after, 254–58
Snowden’s conflicting rationales for, 240, 241
Somalia, 73–74
Sony Pictures, 283–84
South China Morning Post, 230–31
South Korea, 33–34
Soviet Military Power, 67
Soviet Union, 33
Gorbachev’s reforms and, 52–53
historical meddling in US elections of, 314–15
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 shot down by, 39–41
Sputnik, 26
See also Russia
spear phishing, 285–86
Spies Like Us (film), 229
Sputnik, 26
SR-71 Blackbird, 25
SRA International, 86
Stasi, 80–82, 124, 131, 257–58, 285, 380
Stein, Jill, 356
Stephanopoulos, George, 342, 344
Stevens, Chris, 166–67, 168, 169, 170, 180–81, 320
Stewart, Vince, 302
Stress Test (Geithner), 183
Sudan, 159
Suleiman, Omar, 161
Sullivan, Dan, 370–71
survival training, 28–29
Syria
chemical weapons used by, 238–39
Russian intervention in, 304
2014 Worldwide Threat Assessment on, 253
Syrian migrant crisis, 304–5
Taliban, 93
Taloni, Paul, 308–9
Tea Party Republicans, 187, 190, 288
telephone records collection. See metadata storage program (telephone records collection)
terrorism
Boston Marathon bombing, 211–12
Charlie Hebdo attack, 286–87
defined, 180
Fort Hood shooting, 123–24
Khobar Towers bombing and investigation, 83–86
9/11 terrorist attacks, 91–94
Paris attacks, 305
Pulse nightclub shooting, 336
San Bernardino attack, 305–6
2015 Worldwide Threat Assessment and, 286–87
underwear bomber, 127
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, 54–55
TNT. See Tunnel Neutralization Team (TNT)
Todd, Mark, 123
“Top Secret America” (Priest and Arkin), 136–37
Track II dialogue, 51
transgender troops, in military, 301–2
travel ban, 385–86
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), 183
Trudeau, Justin, 305
Trump, Donald, 1–2, 325–30, 332–34
announces candidacy, 328–29
background of, 325–26
base of voters courted by, 326–27
birther theory promoted by, 153, 326, 327
briefed on IC assessment of Russian interference and Russian “dossier,” 373–77
Comey fired by, 392–93
delegitimizes Intelligence Community, 362, 379–80
inauguration of, 384
North Korea and, 50–51
on Russian interference, 362, 365, 367
travel ban, 385–86
visits CIA headquarters, 384
wiretapping allegation of, 386–87
Yates fired by, 388
See also presidential election of 2016
Tsarnaev, Dzhokhar, 211
Tsarnaev, Tamerlan, 211
Tunnel Neutralization Team (TNT), 45–46
Turnbull, Malcolm, 358
Twitter, 395
U-2 spy plane piloted by Powers, downing of, 25–26
Udall, Tom, 199
Ukraine, 79–80, 258–61, 266, 303
undersecretary of defense for intelligence (USD(I))
Clapper as, 111–27
Clapper’s confirmation process, 112–14
Department of Defense intelligence operations, review of, 116
funding for Military Intelligence Program, 118
ODNI and OSD, resolving bureaucratic infighting between, 115–16
President’s Daily Brief received by, 117–18
working relationships of Clapper as, 119–20
underwear bomber, 127
unemployment, 288
United Kingdom, Five Eyes meetings and, 78, 255, 308–9
unmasking of Trump transition officials, 388–90
unpredictable instability, 287–89, 308, 357
Urrutia-Varhall, Linda R., 140
USD(I). See undersecretary of defense for intelligence (USD(I))
US Geospatial Intelligence Foundation, 100
Vacca, Marilyn, 192
Vickers, Mike, 119–20, 190, 192, 252, 269, 331
Victoria, Queen, 130
Vietnam War
Clapper’s tours of duty in, 21–24, 29–31
My Lai Massacre, 218
POW/MIA resolution, 75–76
signals intelligence (SIGINT) in, 21–24
Vital Speeches of the Day, 348
Wallace, Chris, 354
Warner, John, 113–14
Waschull, Mike, 77
Washington Post, 114, 136, 225, 230–31, 235, 240–41, 251, 352, 361
Washington Times, 98
Watergate, 317
wealth inequality, 287–88
weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 97–100
Webb, Marshall, 153
Weiner, Anthony, 354–55
Welch, Larry, 57
Westmoreland, William, 23–24
“What Law Firms Can Learn from James Clapper” (Lewis), 285
Whitehouse, Sheldon, 389
WikiLeaks, 215–20, 241, 341, 342, 343, 352, 353, 366
Wilson, Sandy, 70
Winnefeld, Sandy, 176
Wolfowitz, Paul, 104–5
women, in Intelligence Community, 69–70
Woods, Tyrone, 171
Woolsey, Jim, 82
Work, Bob, 359
worldwide threat assessments, 149–50
2012, 175
2013, 204–8
2015, 286–87
2016, 307–8
World Wide Web, 77
Wyden, Ron, 199, 200, 207–10, 223, 243
Wynne, Mike, 108
Xi Jinping, 234
Yanukovych, Viktor, 258, 259, 260, 346–47
Yemen, 159
YouTube, 395
Zakaria, Fareed, 231
Zarif, Mohammad Javad, 289
Zhao Ziyang, 54