GLOSSARY OF SELECTED ALLIED CODE NAMES

ARCADIA: Anglo-American conferences in Washington, D.C., December 1941–January 1942

AVALANCHE: Invasion of Italy at Salerno by Fifth U.S. Army, September 1943

BAYTOWN: Invasion of Italy at Calabria by Eighth British Army, September 1943

BOLERO: Buildup of U.S. forces in England, 1942–1944

CADET: Patch’s Seventh U.S. Army headquarters

COBRA: U.S. breakout from the Normandy beachhead around St.-Lô, July 1944

CONQUER: Simpson’s Ninth U.S. Army headquarters

CORKSCREW: Allied air campaign against Pantelleria, June 1943

DRAGOON/ANVIL: Invasion of Southern France, August 1944

EAGLE: Bradley’s Twelfth Army Group headquarters, July 1944–June 1945

EUREKA: Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin conference, Tehran, Iran, November–December 1943

FORTITUDE: Deception plan to pin German forces north of Normandy, April–August 1944

GARDEN: Armored thrust into Holland to secure bridgehead (connected with

MARKET)

GOODWOOD: British breakout attempt at Caen, July 1944

GRENADE: Ninth U.S. Army attack in support of VERITABLE

GYMNAST: Allied invasion of French North Africa, November 1942 (later

TORCH)

HOBGOBLIN: Pantelleria Island, between Tunisia and Sicily

LION: Montgomery’s Twenty-First Army Group headquarters

LUCKY: Patton’s Third U.S. Army headquarters

LUMBERJACK: First U.S. Army’s operation to close upon the Rhine at Cologne, March 1945

MARKET: Allied air drop into Holland to secure bridgehead (connected with

GARDEN)

MASTER: Hodges’s First U.S. Army headquarters

NEPTUNE: Allied landings on Normandy beaches, June 1944

OVERLORD: Development of an Allied lodgement in Normandy, 1944

PLUNDER: Crossing of the Rhine by Twenty-First Army Group, March 1945

POINTBLANK: Allied strategic bombing campaign against Germany

QUICKSILVER: Allied plan to focus German attention on Calais as the main

OVERLORD landing site

ROUNDUP: Invasion of France ahead of projected collapse of Nazi government

(later OVERLORD)

SEXTANT: Roosevelt-Churchill-Chiang conferences in Cairo, Egypt, November–December 1943

SHARPENER: SHAEF forward headquarters near Portsmouth, May–July 1944

SHELLBURST: SHAEF forward headquarters in France

SHINGLE: Invasion of Italy near Anzio, January 1944

SLEDGEHAMMER: Invasion of France to secure beachhead for later operations, fall 1942

SYMBOL: Roosevelt-Churchill conference in Casablanca, Morocco, January 1943

TORCH: Invasion of French North Africa, November 1942 (formerly GYMNAST)

TRIDENT: Roosevelt-Churchill conference in Washington, D.C., May 1943

ULTRA: Decryption program for German radio intercepts, 1941–1944

UNDERTONE: Sixth Army Group operation to close up to the Rhine, March 1945

VARSITY: Airborne operation in support of PLUNDER, March 1945

VERITABLE: Offensive into the Lower Rhineland by Twenty-First Army Group, February 1945

WIDEWING: SHAEF headquarters at Bushy Park, England, 1944