INTRODUCTION: UNLESS WE THINK, WE AREN’T

1. Steve Striffler, “Why We Should Take Jared Loughner’s Politics Seriously,” Truthout, January 14, 2011. Accessed at http://www.truth-out.org/why-we-should-take-jared-loughners-politics-seriously66864. My italics.

2. Anthropogenic (human-generated) global warming.

3. Justin Kruger and David Dunning, “Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One’s Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77, no. 6 (December 1999): 1121–34. Accessed at http://www.wepapers.com/Papers/70939/Unskilled_and_Unaware_of_It_-_How_Difficulties_in_Recognizing_One%27s_Own­_Incompetence_Lead_to_Inflated_Self-Assessments.

4. See the discussion of “chronic Lyme disease” on page 80 for one example.

5. National Science Board, Science & Engineering Indicators—2000 (Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation, 2000), 2:549.

6. Harris Interactive Poll, “The Religious and Other Beliefs of Americans,” BusinessWire, November 29, 2007. Accessed at http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20071129005072&newsLang=en.

7. Will Dunham, “Many Americans Turning to Unconventional Medicine,” Reuters, December 10, 2008. Accessed at http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE 4B95XO20081210.

8. Jeffrey M. Jones, “In US, Many Environmental Issues at 20-Year-Low Concern,” Gallup Poll, March 16, 2010. Accessed at http://www.gallup.com/poll/126716/Environmental-Issues-Year-Low-Concern.aspx.

9. Pamela Oldham, “Texas Children: Canaries in the Coal Mine,” Miller–McCune, January 25, 2011. Accessed at http://www.miller-mccune.com/health/texas-children-canaries-in-the-coal-mine-27640/.

10. Ross Ramsey, “Meet the Flintstones,” Texas Tribune, February 17, 2010. Accessed at http://www.texastribune.org/stories/2010/feb/17/meet-flintstones/#.

11. Craig Timberg, “Williams Aims to Be Mayor of a Bigger DC,” Washington Post, January 2, 2003, cited by John Glad in Future Human Evolution (2006), p. 53.

12. Alfred McCoy, “How America Will Collapse (by 2025),” Salon, December 6, 2010. Accessed at http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2010/12/06/america_collapse_2025.

13. Accessed at http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/tinbergen-lecture.pdf.

14. See, for example, Chris Morgan and David R. Langford, Facts and Fallacies (Exeter: Webb & Bauer, 1981).

15. The term “Science Wars” is something of a misnomer, in that it implies that both warring factions base their arguments in science—that it’s a matter of science vs. science. Very obviously, this isn’t the case.

16. Cited in Ron Suskind, “Faith, Certainty, and the Presidency of George W. Bush,” New York Times Magazine, October 17, 2004.

17. I leave the mathematical proof as an exercise for the reader.

18. Reprinted in Mario Bunge, The Sociology–Philosophy Connection (Piscataway, NJ: Transaction, 1999), p. 209.

19. Neal Koblitz, “Mathematics as Propaganda: A Tale of Three Equations; or, The Emperors Have No Clothes,” Mathematical Intelligencer 10, no. 1 (1988): 4–10.

20. Meera Nanda, “Postmodernism, Hindu Nationalism, and ‘Vedic Science,’” Frontline, December 21, 2003. Accessed at http://www.mukto-mona.com/Articles/vedic_science_Mira.htm.

21. Mary R. Lefkowitz, “Not Out of Africa,” New Republic, February 10, 1992.

22. Nicholas Graham, “O’Reilly: God Causes the Tides, Not the Moon,” Huffington Post, January 6, 2011. Accessed at http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/06/oreilly-god-causes-tides_n_805262.html.

23. Gayle A. Buck, Diandra Leslie-Pelecky, and Susan K. Kirby, “Bringing Female Scientists into the Elementary Classroom: Confronting the Strength of Elementary Students’ Stereotypical Images of Scientists,” Journal of Elementary Science Education, 14, no. 2 (September 2002): 1–10. Accessed at http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/teachlearnfacpub/15/.

24. For a fuller discussion of this aspect, see Susan Jacoby, The Age of American Unreason, chapter 5 (New York: Pantheon, 2008).

25. Deborah E. Lipstadt, Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory (New York: Free Press, 1993), p. 2.

26. Scientists don’t always help, frequently using “theory” where they really mean “hypothesis,” as in “string theory”—somehow “string hypothesis” doesn’t quite cut it.

27. James B. Campbell, Jason W. Busse, and H. Stephen Injeyan, “Chiropractors and Vaccination: A Historical Perspective,” Pediatrics 105 (2000): e43. Accessed at http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/105/4/e43.

28. Bizarrely, Gingrich, author of these travesties, has more recently tried to reinvent himself as a champion of science and the environment in books such as A Contract with the Earth (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007; with Terry L. Maple). Such efforts sit oddly alongside other books of his, like Drill Here, Drill Now, Pay Less: A Handbook for Slashing Gas Prices and Solving Our Energy Crisis (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2008; with Vince Haley).

29. The other three left standing by this stage were Hillary Clinton, Mike Huckabee, and John McCain.

30. Russell Shorto, “How Christian Were the Founders?” New York Times magazine, February 14, 2010. Accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/14/magazine/14texbooks-t.html?pagewanted=1&em.

31. Texas Freedom Network, “Blogging the Social Studies Debate IV,” TFN Insider, March 11, 2010. Accessed at http://tfninsider.org/2010/03/11/blogging-the-social-studies-debate-iv/.

32. Texas Freedom Network, “Blogging the Social Studies Debate III,” TFN Insider, March 10, 2010. Accessed at http://tfninsider.org/2010/03/10/blogging-the-social-studies-debate-iii/.

33. Abby Rapoport, “More Attention on Texas SBOE Has Mixed Results,” Texas Tribune, March 15, 2011. Accessed at http://www.texastribune.org/texas-education/state-board-of-education/more-attention-on-texas-sboe-has-mixedresults/.

34. “The Heart of the Matter,” Gin and Tacos, September 29, 2010. Accessed at http://www.ginandtacos.com/2010/09/29/the-heart-of-the-matter/.

CHAPTER 1: GOD TOLD ME TO DENY

1. Bertrand Russell, “Is There a God?” (1952). Accessed at http://www.cfpf.org.uk/articles/religion/br/br_god.html.

2. Cited by Andrew McLemore in “Limbaugh: Volcanic Ash Cloud Is God’s Punishment for Health Care,” The Raw Story, April 17, 2010. Accessed at http://rawstory.com/rs/2010/04/17/limbaugh-volcanic-ash-cloud-gods-punishment-health-care/. One comment: “I’m disappointed with Obama. He pumiced this wouldn’t happen!”

3. Joe Kovacs, “Is 2nd Coming of Jesus Etched in Night Sky?” WorldNetDaily, April 18, 2010. Accessed at http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=138997.

4. “Sangh Parivar, the Pizza-Maker,” Outlook India, July 5, 2003. Accessed at http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?220622.

5. Meera Nanda, “Postmodernism, Hindu Nationalism, and ‘Vedic Science,’” Frontline, December 20, 2003. Accessed at http://www.mukto-mona.com/Articles/vedic_science_Mira.htm.

6. Meera Nanda, “Postmodernism, Hindu Nationalism, and ‘Vedic Science,’” Frontline, January 3, 2004. Accessed at http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2101/stories/20040116001408700.htm.

7. Some writers maintain the heyday lasted until later than this, even into the sixteenth century, some that Muslim science went into decline after about 1100.

8. Pervez Hoodbhoy, “Science and the Islamic World: The Quest for Rapprochement,” Physics Today (August 2007): 8.

9. Karachi Herald, January 1988; expanded as an appendix in Hoodbhoy’s book Islam and Science: Religious Orthodoxy and the Battle for Rationality (London: Zed Books, 1991). The version to which I’ve referred is the latter.

10. And much later, in 2001, arrested for passing nuclear secrets to the Taliban.

11. This book is still, bizarrely, in print; it was most recently, as far as I can establish, reissued in 2005.

12. Indians cannot mock their Pakistani counterparts too roundly over this. In 2003 Meera Nanda reported that the Indian Ministry of Defence was “sponsoring research and development of weapons and devices with magical powers mentioned in the ancient epics” (“Postmodernism, Hindu Nationalism and Vedic Science,” Frontline, December 20, 2003). At the same time, astrology was “flourishing” as a course subject in Indian universities.

13. Pervez Hoodbhoy, Islam and Science, p. 144.

14. Ziauddin Sardar, “Islam and Science,” The Royal Society, December 12, 2006. Accessed at http://royalsociety.org/Islam-and-Science-12-December-2006/.

CHAPTER 2: “THE LAW IS A ASS”

1. The UK was where the most damage was done. The FDA banned Thalidomide in the US, although by then millions of samples had been distributed for purposes of clinical trials.

2. Abigail Foerstner, James Van Allen: The First Eight Billion Miles (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2007), p. 251.

3. Some explanations can be more exotic. Joe Schwarcz, discussing MCS in his Science, Sense, and Nonsense: 61 Nourishing, Healthy, Bunk-Free Commentaries on the Chemistry That Affects Us All (Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 2009), reports: “One woman, for example, claims that her body’s electromagnetic polarity runs counterclockwise instead of clockwise.”

4. Stephen Barrett, MD, “A Close Look at ‘Multiple Chemical Sensitivity.’” Quackwatch, 1998. Accessed at http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mcs.pdf.

5. Sherine Gabriel et al., “Risk of Connective-Tissue Diseases and Other Disorders after Breast Implantation,” New England Journal Of Medicine 330 (1994): 1697.

6. In addition, Gabriel was libeled with charges of scientific corruption, in that her report was partly financed by an educational arm of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, the Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation. Such charges she robustly repudiated.

7. This was the Gabriel et al. study.

8. Jorge Sanchez-Guerrero et al., “Silicone Breast Implants and the Risk of Connective-Tissue Diseases and Symptoms,” New England Journal of Medicine 332 (1995): 1666–70.

9. American College of Rheumatology, “Statement on Silicone Breast Im­plants,” October 22, 1995. Accessed at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/implants/medical/positionstate.html.

10. New Jersey Supreme Court Decision, June 23, 1994. Accessed at http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mcmartin/michaelsdecision.HTM.

11. Quoted in Lona Manning, “Nightmare at the Daycare: The Wee Care Case,” Crime Magazine, last updated January 14, 2007. Accessed at http://www.crimemagazine.com/nightmare-day-care-wee-care-case.

12. Cited by Mitchell Landsberg, “McMartin Defendant Who ‘Lost Everything’ in Abuse Case Dies at 74,” Los Angeles Times, December 17, 2000.

13. Hubert H. Humphrey III, Report on Scott County Investigations, Minnesota Attorney General’s Office, February 12, 1985. Accessed at http://www.leg.state.mn.us/docs/pre2003/other/850763.pdf.

14. “Repress-Memory Doc May Lose License,” Associated Press, August 13, 1998. Accessed at http://www.rickross.com/reference/false_memories/fsm7.html.

15. Esther Addley, “Interview: Esther Addley Meets ‘Karen’: ‘I Could not Stop Crying,’” Guardian, October 21, 2006. Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2006/oct/21/comment.children.

16. Keith Fraser, “B.C. Woman Suing over Alleged False Memories,” Can West News Service, October 12, 2006. Accessed at http://www.rickross.com/reference/false_memories/fsm114.html.

17. Gavin Madeley, “£20,000 Payout for Woman Who Falsely Accused Her Father of Rape after ‘Recovered Memory’ Therapy,” Daily Mail, October 19, 2007. Accessed at http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-488623/20-000-payout-woman-falsely-accused-father-rape-recovered-memory-therapy.html.

18. Two useful lists of the wrongfully incarcerated are held by the websites Imaginary Crimes (see http://members.shaw.ca/imaginarycrimes/othercases.htm) and Religious Tolerance (see http://www.religioustolerance.org/ra_case.htm).

19. Elizabeth Loftus and Katherine Ketcham, The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse (New York: St. Martin’s, 1994), p. 36.

20. David Grann, “Trial by Fire: Did Texas Execute an Innocent Man?” New Yorker, September 7, 2009. Accessed at http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/09/07/090907fa_fact_grann.

21. Craig L. Beyer, “Analysis of the Fire Investigation Methods and Procedures Used in the Criminal Arson Cases against Ernest Ray Willis and Cameron Todd Willingham,” Texas Forensic Science Commission, August 17, 2009. Accessed at http://www.docstoc.com/docs/document-preview.aspx?doc_id=10401390.

22. Steve Mills, “Report Questions If Fire Was Arson,” Chicago Tribune, August 25, 2009. Accessed at http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-08-25/news/chi-090825willingham_1_texas-forensic-science-commission-willingham-case-willinghams-house.

23. Matt Smith, “Judge to Review Conviction in Texas Arson-Murder Case,” CNN, October 5, 2010. Accessed at http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/10/05/court-to-review-conviction-in-texas-arson-murder-case/.

24. Jordan Smith, “Appeals Court Rules in Willingham Court of Inquiry Recusal Issue,” The StandDown Texas Project, December 21, 2010. Accessed at http://standdown.typepad.com/weblog/2010/12/appeals-court-rules-in-willingham-court-of-inquiry-recusal-issue.html.

25. For a number of such cases, see Maurice Possley, “Arson Myths Fuel Errors,” Chicago Tribune, October 18, 2004. Accessed at www.chicagotribune.com/news/watchdog/chi-0410180222oct18,0,1571511.story.

26. Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Sciences Community, National Research Council, Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2009). Accessed at http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12589&page=1.

27. Radley Balko, “North Carolina’s Corrupted Crime Lab,” Reason, August 23, 2010. Accessed at http://reason.com/archives/2010/08/23/north-carolinas-corrupted-crim.

28. Innocence Project, “Injustice in Texas: The Claude Jones Case.” Accessed at http://www.innocenceproject.org/Content/Injustice_in_Texas_The_Claude_Jones_Case.php.

29. Lisa Black and Steve Mills, “What Causes People to Give False Confessions?” Chicago Tribune, July 11, 2010. Accessed at www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/ct-met-forced-confessions-20100711,0,5509713.story.

30. Matt Kelley, “After Five Years in Jail, Set Free Without an Apology,” Innocence Project, August 6, 2010. Accessed at http://criminaljustice.change.org/blog/view/after_five_years_in_jail_set_free_without_an_apology.

31. “Facts and Figures,” False Confessions. Accessed at http://www.falseconfessions.org/fact-a-figures.

32. Legal cases to stop the teaching of Creationism in the schools are about the separation of church and state, not about the science.

33. For an overview of the case, with plentiful links to media coverage, see Sile Lane, “Plastic Surgeon Threatened for Comment on ‘Boob Job’ Cream” on the excellent Sense About Science site, which has come to serve as a nexus for information about the abuse of the UK libel laws to stifle scientific debate. Accessed at http://www.senseaboutscience.org.uk/index.php/site/other/537/.

34. Ian Sample, “Government Abandons Lie Detector Tests for Catching Benefit Cheats,” Guardian, November 9, 2010. Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/nov/09/lie-detector-tests-benefit-cheats.

35. Peter Wilmshurst, “Obstacles to Honesty in Medical Research,” HealthWatch, August 2003. Accessed at http://www.healthwatch-uk.org/awardwinners/peterwilmshurst.html.

36. Clare Dyer, “Cardiologist Is Sued for Comments on Potential Migraine Device,” British Medical Journal, November 3, 2008. Accessed at http://www.healthwatch-uk.org/news.htm.

37. Cited by Pallab Ghosh in “Science Writer Wins Libel Appeal,” BBC, April 1, 2010. Accessed at http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/uk_news/8598472.stm.

38. For more on the topic, see Arthur Allen, “Treating Autism as If Vaccines Caused It: The Theory May Be Dead, but the Treatments Live On,” Slate, April 1, 2009. Accessed at http://www.slate.com/id/2215128. Also Stephen Barrett, “How the ‘Urine Toxic Metals’ Test Is Used to Defraud Patients,” Quackwatch, latest update December 7, 2010.

39. Orac, “More Legal Thuggery against a Defender of Science-Based Medicine,” Respectful Insolence, June 30, 2010. Accessed at http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2010/06/more_legal_thuggery.php.

40. Ray Weymann, Barry Bickmore, John Abraham, Michael Mann, and Winslow Briggs, Climate Scientists Respond: Response to the Written Testimony of Christopher Monckton in Connection with the May 2010 Hearing Before the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming, September 2010. Accessed at http://bbickmore.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/response-to-monckton-web-1.pdf.

41. Christopher Monckton, “Climate Sensitivity Reconsidered,” Physics and Society, July 2008. Accessed at http://www.aps.org/units/fps/newsletters/200807/monckton.cfm.

42. Arthur Smith, “A Detailed List of the Errors in Monckton’s July 2008 Physics and Society Article,” September 6, 2008. Accessed at http://altenergyaction.org/Monckton.html#updates.

43. John Abraham, “A Scientist Replies to Christopher Monckton,” University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, 2009. Accessed at http://courseweb.stthomas.edu/jpabraham/global_warming/Monckton/Original%20Presentation/index.htm. A slightly shorter revised version was later issued; accessed at http://www.stthomas.edu/engineering/jpabraham/.

44. Christopher Monckton, “Monckton: At Last, the Climate Extremists Try to Debate Us!” Pajamas Media, June 4, 2010. Accessed at http://www.webcitation.org/5rEP8Y4VI.

45. Christopher Monckton, “Abraham Climbs Down,” Watts Up With That, July 14, 2010. Accessed at http://wattsupwiththat.com/2010/07/14/abraham-climbs-down/.

CHAPTER 3: THOROUGHLY UNCOMPLEMENTARY

1. “Alumni Career Spotlight: Daniel Rubin, ND, FABNO,” Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges. Accessed at http://www.aanmc.org/careers/alumni-leaders-in-the-field/daniel-rubin-profile.

2. Orac, “Holiday Weekend Reader Mailbag: In Which Orac Is Chastised for ‘condemning someone who helps people,’” Respectful Insolence, November 26, 2010. Accessed at http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2010/11/holiday_weekend_reader_mailbag_in_which.php.

3. D. M. Eisenberg et al., “Trends in Alternative Medicine Use in the United States, 1990–1997: Results of a Follow-Up National Survey,” Journal of the American Medical Association (November 11, 1998). Accessed at http://www.journalclub.org/vol2/a68.html.

4. James D. Cooper and Henry M. Feder Jr., “Inaccurate Information about Lyme Disease on the Internet,” Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 23, no. 12 (December 2004). Accessed at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/resources/LD_Internet.pdf.

5. The authorship requires some unscrambling. The early editions claimed: “By a nuclear physicist and a medical doctor.” At some fairly early stage, the name of L. Ron Hubbard was substituted for the description “a nuclear physicist” and by the late 1970s the “medical doctor” was being named on the book’s cover as Richard Farley. More recent editions name not one but two “medical doctors”—Dr. Gene Denk and Dr. Farley R. Spink.

6. It’s an important 15 percent, though.

7. Luana Colloca et al., “Overt Versus Covert Treatment for Pain, Anxiety, and Parkinson’s Disease,” Lancet Neurology 3, no. 11 (November 2004). My thanks to Michael Brooks, author of 13 Things that Don’t Make Sense (2008), for sending me this paper.

8. Ted J. Kaptchuk et al., “Placebos without Deception,” PLoS ONE, De­cember 22, 2010. Accessed at http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0015591.

9. For a far more complete analysis, see the medical blogger Orac’s “More Dubious Statements about Placebo Effects,” Respectful Insolence, December 23, 2010. Accessed at http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2010/12/more_dubious_statements_about_placebo_ef.php.

10. Ann Helm, “Truth-Telling, Placebos, and Deception,” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (January 1985).

11. Gary Null et al., “Death by Medicine,” Life Extension, March 2004. Accessed at http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2004/mar2004_awsi_death_01.htm.

12. Centers for Disease Control, “Ten Great Public Health Achievements—United States, 1900–1999,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, April 1999. Accessed at http://cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056796.htm.

13. Cited by Dan Agin in his Junk Science (New York, Thomas Dunne Books, 2006), p. 115.

CHAPTER 4: PUFFING THE PRODUCT

1. Fake grassroots, astroturf—geddit?

2. “Smoking Conspiracy: Second Hand Smoke,” Smoking Aloud. Accessed at http://www.smokingaloud.com/ets.html.

3. Karen Wilson et al., “Tobacco-Smoke Exposure in Children Who Live in Multiunit Housing,” Pediatrics 127, no. 1 (January 2011): 85–92. Accessed at http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/127/1/85.

4. Cited in “Flat-Dwelling Children Exposed to Neighbours’ Smoke Too,” BBC, December 13, 2010. Accessed at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11969074.

5. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (San Francisco, CA: University of California, San Francisco). Accessed at http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/.

6. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Accessed at http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/vde14f00/pdf.

7. Brown & Williamson, “Smoking and Health Proposal” (1969), Tobacco Documents Online. Accessed at http://tobaccodocuments.org/landman/332506.html.

8. Horace R. Kornegay, “New Directions” (1981), Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Accessed at http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/akc20e00/pdf.

9. Monique E. Muggli, Richard D. Hurt, and Lee B. Becker, “Turning Free Speech into Corporate Speech: Philip Morris’ Efforts to Influence US and European Journalists Regarding the US EPA Report on Secondhand Smoke,” Preventive Medicine 39, no. 3 (September 2004). Abstract accessed at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15313097.

10. US Environmental Protection Agency, Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders (Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency, December 1992). Accessed via http://cfpub2.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=2835.

11. Cited by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway in Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming (New York: Bloomsbury, 2010), pp. 154–55.

12. Oreskes and Conway, Merchants of Doubt, p. 141.

13. Gallup News Service, “Many Americans Still Downplay Risk of Passive Smoking,” July 21, 2006. Summary accessed at http://www.gallup.com/poll/23851/Many-Americans-Still-Downplay-Risk-Passive-Smoking.aspx.

14. Accessed at http://www.justice.gov/civil/cases/tobacco2/amended%20opinion.pdf.

15. For more on this, see Duff Wilson, “Cigarette Giants in Global Fight on Tighter Rules,” New York Times, November 13, 2010.

16. Mattias Öberg et al., “Worldwide Burden of Disease from Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from 192 Countries,” Lancet, early online publication November 26, 2010. Accessed at http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/smoking.pdf.

CHAPTER 5: PAYING WITH THEIR LIVES

1. Cited in Mensah M. Dean, “First, Do No Harm: Prayer or Medicine?” Philadelphia Daily News, December 7, 2010. Accessed at http://www.philly.com/philly/news/20101207_First__do_no_harm__Prayer_or_medicine_.html?viewAll=y&c=y.

2. This and following quotes are compiled in CHILD, Inc., “Victims of Religion-Based Medical Neglect.” Accessed at http://childrenshealthcare.org/?page_id=132.

3. Quoted in Associated Press, “Girl’s Death Probed after Parents Rely on Prayer,” 2008. Accessed at http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23832053/

4. Alissa Lim et al., “Adverse Effects Associated with the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Children,” Archives of Disease in Childhood, advance online publication December 22, 2010. Abstract accessed at http://adc.bmj.com/content/early/2010/11/24/adc.2010.183152.short.

5. Both Hunt and Olmsted are cited by Amanda Lee Myers in “Ariz. Hospital Loses Catholic Status over Surgery,” USA Today, December 22, 2010. Accessed at http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2010-12-21-phoenix-catholic-hospital_N.htm.

6. Center for Reproductive Rights, “L.C. v. Peru (UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women),” June 18, 2009. Accessed at http://reproductiverights.org/en/case/lc-v-peru-un-committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women.

CHAPTER 6: THE ANTIVAXERS

1. Anne Dachel, “Dr. Mayer Eisenstein’s New Book Merits Close Attention,” Age of Autism, June 15, 2010. Accessed at http://www.ageofautism.com/2010/06/dr-mayer-eisensteins-new-book-merits-close-attention.html.

2. From the various equally legitimate spellings in use, I’ve chosen “antivax” and “antivaxer.”

3. N. P. Thompson, R. E. Pounder, A. J. Wakefield, and S. M. Montgomery, “Is Measles Vaccination a Risk Factor for Inflammatory Bowel Disease?” Lancet 345, no. 8957 (April 29, 1995): 1071–74. Abstract accessed at http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2895%2990816-1/abstract.

4. N. Chadwick, I. J. Bruce, S. Schepelmann, R. E. Pounder, and A. J. Wakefield, “Measles Virus RNA Is Not Detected in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Hybrid Capture and Reverse Transcription Followed by the Polymerase Chain Re­action,” Journal of Medical Virology 55, no. 4 (August 1998): 305–311. Abstract accessed at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9661840.

5. A. J. Wakefield et al., “Ileal-Lymphoid-Nodular Hyperplasia, Non-Specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,” Lancet 351, no. 9103 (February 28, 1998): 637–41. Abstract accessed at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9500320.

6. Quoted by Paul A. Offit in Autism’s False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008), p. 22.

7. See Ben Goldacre, Bad Science (London, Fourth Estate, 2008), pp. 299–312, for a blistering account of the UK press’s irresponsible MMR–autism sensationalism.

8. Kristina Chew, “Wakefield’s Study Linking Vaccines to Autism was ‘Deliberate Fraud,’” Care2, January 5, 2011. Accessed at http://www.care2.com/causes/health-policy/blog/wakefields-study-linking-vaccines-to-autism-was-deliberate-fraud/. Care2 has published almost as much baloney on the autism/vaccination farrago as Huffington Post (which is saying something), so it was pleasing to find Chew’s objective piece.

9. Dick Taverne, The March of Unreason: Science, Democracy, and the New Fundamentalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 53.

10. This is not to imply dishonesty. We all, very frequently, and often quite unconsciously, persuade ourselves that our preferred version of the past is the true one.

11. N. Andrews et al., “Recall Bias, MMR, and Autism,” Archives of Disease in Childhood 87 (August 2002): 493–94. Abstract accessed at http://adc.bmj.com/content/87/6/493.abstract.

12. Brian Deer, “How the Case against the MMR Vaccine Was Fixed,” British Medical Journal, January 5, 2011. Accessed at http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c5347.full. The second part of Deer’s series, “How the Vaccine Crisis Was Meant to Make Money,” published by the British Medical Journal on January 11, 2011, was accessed at http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c5258.full. The third part, “The Lancet’s Two Days to Bury Bad News,” published by the British Medical Journal on January 18, 2011, was accessed at http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c7001.full.

13. Russell L. Blaylock, “Blaylock: Big Pharma Vilified Researcher for Threatening Vaccine Program,” Newsmax Health, January, 13, 2011. Accessed at http://www.newsmaxhealth.com/health_stories/big_pharma_vaccine_autism/2011/01/13/371064.html.

14. Jenny McCarthy, “In the Vaccine-Autism Debate, What Can Parents Believe?” Huffington Post, January 10, 2011. Accessed at http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jenny-mccarthy/vaccine-autism-debate_b_806857.html.

15. Her other qualification to pronounce on medical matters is that she’s the mother of an autistic child. This was her second medical diagnosis of his condition. Her first was that he was an Indigo Child—see her essay “Insights of an Indigo Mom” at http://childrenofthenewearth.com/free.php?page=articles_free/mccarthy_jenny/article1.

16. Accessed at http://web.archive.org/web/20010124042500/www.house.gov/burton/pr102600.htm. Thimerosal is a trade name for a substance more correctly called thiomersal. I’ve chosen to use the more familiar form.

17. See “About Dental Amalgam Fillings,” US Food and Drug Administration. Accessed at http://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/productsandmedicalprocedures/dentalproducts/dentalamalgam/ucm171094.htm.

18. “Mercury in Health Care,” WHO Policy Paper, August 2005. Accessed at http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/mercurypolpaper.pdf.

19. Quoted in Offit, Autism’s False Prophets, p. 31.

20. Ibid., p. 34.

21. Miriam Falco, “10 Infants Dead in California Whooping Cough Outbreak,” CNN, October 20, 2010. Accessed at http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/10/20/california.whooping.cough/index.html.

22. Center for Mind–Body Medicine, “Complimentary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Cancer Care: A Progress Report,” June 11, 1989. Accessed at http://www.cmbm.org/mind_body_medicine_RESEARCH/1999-Transcripts/burton.html.

23. Rolling Stone’s copublisher of the article, the online magazine Salon, chose to leave the article in situ, complete with numerous errata and corrigenda that quite undermined Kennedy’s argument. Finally, in January 2011, the magazine’s editors decided the public might be better served if the article were deleted entirely.

24. Quoted in Offit, Autism’s False Prophets, pp. 95–96.

25. Chelation therapy is used for treating heavy metal intoxication, i.e., poisoning by arsenic, lead, or mercury. Essentially, a compound (chelating agent) is introduced to the body that will eagerly bond to the metal molecule to form a harmless compound that the body can then flush away.

26. Complaint accessed at http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/upload/2010/01/suppression_of_speech_anti-vaccine_editi/FishervOffit1.pdf.

27. Mark R. Geier and David A. Geier, “Thimerosal in Childhood Vaccines, Neurodevelopment Disorders, and Heart Disease in the United States,” Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons 8, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 6–11. Accessed at http://www.jpands.org/vol8no1/geier.pdf.

28. Stephanie Mencimer, “The Tea Party’s Favorite Doctors,” Mother Jones, November 18, 2009. Accessed at http://motherjones.com/politics/2009/11/tea-party-doctors-american-association-physicians-surgeons#comment-243833.

29. Arthur Krigsman et al., “Clinical Presentation and Histologic Findings at Ileocolonoscopy in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Chronic Gastrointestinal Symptoms,” Autism Insights, January 27, 2010. Accessed at http://www.la-press.com/clinical-presentation-and-histologic-findings-at-ileocolonoscopy-in-ch-article-a1816.

30. “Autism Insights, Another Journal for Questionable Autism Research?” Left Brain Right Brain, January 30, 2010. Accessed at http://leftbrainrightbrain.co.uk/2010/01/autism-insights-another-journal-for-questionable-autism-research/. Wakefield and Jepson have since vanished from the list, while Krigsman, like Wakefield, has vanished from Thoughtful House.

31. Samantha Poling, “Doctors Warn over Homeopathic ‘Vaccines,’” BBC, September 13, 2010. Accessed at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-11277990.

32. Simon Singh and Edzard Ernst, Trick or Treatment: Alternative Medicine on Trial (London: Bantam, 2008), pp. 184–85.

33. Kreesten Meldgaard Madsen et al., New England Journal of Medicine 347 (November 7, 2002): 1477–82. Accessed at http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa021134#t=article.

34. “Nigeria: Kano State Resumes Polio Vaccinations after 10-Month Ban,” Irin, August 2, 2004. Accessed at http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=50902.

35. Singh and Ernst, Trick or Treatment, p. 186.

36. “Vapositori in Climb-Down over Immunisation,” Zimbabwe Standard, May 22, 2010. Accessed at http://www.thestandard.co.zw/local/24763-vapositori-in-climb-down-over-immunisation.html.

37. Christopher Wanjek, Bad Medicine: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Distance Healing to Vitamin O (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2003), p. 198.

CHAPTER 7: THE AIDS “CONTROVERSY”

1. Nathan D. Wolfe and Tony Goldberg, “HIV-1 Origins: What We Don’t Know,” Cell Science Reviews 3 (April 2007): 9–14.

2. “Discussing Swine Flu, Limbaugh Asserts, ‘AIDS Was Going to Get Really Bad But It Didn’t,’” Media Matters, April 28, 2009. Accessed at http://mediamatters.org/mmtv/200904280018.

3. Dean Powers, “‘Polio Is Not a Virus’ Rush Limbaugh Said on Radio Today,” OpEd News, April 24, 2008. Accessed at http://www.opednews.com/articles/opedne_dean_pow_080424__22polio_is_not_a_viru.htm.

4. Anthony S. Fauci, Margaret I. Johnston, and Gary J. Nabel, “Statement on National HIV Vaccine Awareness Day,” National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, May 18, 2010. Accessed at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2010/Pages/HVAD2010.aspx.

5. Azidothymidine, also called zidovudine, is a primary member of the spectrum of antiretroviral drugs used in AIDS treatment.

6. See, for example, “Christine Maggiore Died of AIDS,” Aids Truth, March 9, 2009. Accessed at http://www.aidstruth.org/news/2009/christine-maggiore-died-aids.

7. Casper Schmidt, “The Group-Fantasy Origins of AIDS,” Journal of Psycho­history (Summer 1984). Accessed at http://www.virusmyth.com/aids/hiv/csfantasy.htm.

8. Michael Specter, “The Denialists,” New Yorker, March 12, 2007. Accessed at http://www.business.highbeam.com/410951/article-1G1-161266659/denialists.

9. See TAC Electronic Newsletter, May 9, 2006. Accessed at http://www.tac.org.za/community/node/2214.

10. As reported, for example, by the Global Health Council, “The Impact of HIV/AIDS.” Accessed at http://www.globalhealth.org/hiv_aids/.

11. Damian Thompson, Counterknowledge: How We Surrendered to Conspiracy Theories, Quack Medicine, Bogus Science, and Fake History (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2008), pp. 129–30.

12. Nancy Padian et al., “Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Northern California: Results from a Ten-Year Study,” American Journal of Epidemiology 146 (1997). Accessed at http://www.aidstruth.org/denialism/misuse/padian.

13. Hank Barnes, “The Padian Waffle!” You Bet Your Life, August 10, 2006. Ac­cessed at http://barnesworld.blogs.com/barnes_world/2006/08/more_on_african.html.

14. Barnes’s site carries the note: “Comments are regarded as letters to the editor. They are subject to the same policies as the NY Times and Nature, and are not published until after editorial review.” Unsurprisingly, voices dissenting from Barnes’s views seem noticeably absent.

15. Michael Worobey et al., “Contaminated Polio Vaccine Theory Refuted,” Nature 428 (April 22, 2004): 820. Accessed at http://www.uow.edu.au/~/bmartin/dissent/documents/AIDS/Worobey04.pdf.

16. Orac, “The Strange Science and Ethics of the Anti-Vaccine Movement,” Respectful Insolence, November 2, 2010. Accessed at http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2010/11/the_strange_science_and_ethics_of_the_an.php.

17. Jake Crosby, “How Vaccine Damage Deniers Threaten Us All,” Age of Autism, October 28, 2010. Accessed at http://www.ageofautism.com/2010/10/how-vaccine-damage-deniers-threaten-us-all.html.

18. Meera Nanda, “Postmodernism, Hindu Nationalism, and ‘Vedic Science,’” Frontline, December 20, 2003. Accessed at http://www.mukto-mona.com/Articles/vedic_science_Mira.htm.

19. “No Charges against Ubhejane Seller—Court,” IOL News, March 21, 2006. Accessed at http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/no-charges-against-ubhejane-seller-court-1.270171.

20. See http://www.robertogiraldo.com/.

21. “President Jammeh Gives Ultimatum for Homosexuals to Leave,” Gambia News, May 15, 2008. Accessed at http://www.gambianow.com/news/News/Gambia-News-President-Jammeh-Gives-Ultimatum-for-Homosexuals-to-.html.

22. “The Gambia Country Profile,” BBC, last updated October 7, 2010. Ac­cessed at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1032156.stm#leaders.

23. “President’s ‘HIV Cure’ Condemned,” BBC, February 2, 2007. Accessed at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6323449.stm.

24. Accessed at http://www.ion.ac.uk/about_ION.htm.

25. Ben Goldacre, “Vitamin Deficiency,” Guardian, January 6, 2005. Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2005/jan/06/badscience.science.

26. Accessed at http://www.hootervillegazette.com/mofb.html.

27. For a detailed analysis of the AIDS-denialism situation in South Africa, see Nicoli Nattrass’s Mortal Combat: AIDS Denialism and the Struggle for Antiretro­virals in South Africa (Scottsville, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2007).

28. “Remarks by President Thabo Mbeki at the First Meeting of the Presidential Advisory Panel on AIDS,” South African Government Information, May 6, 2000. Transcript accessed at http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2000/0005311255p1003.htm.

29. Paranoid AIDS conspiracy theories along these lines are far from un­common elsewhere in the world.

30. “The Durban Declaration,” Nature, July 6, 2000. Accessed at http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v406/n6791/full/406015a0.html.

31. Mark Schoofs, “Tanzanian Military Helped Company Skirt Drug Regulations to Test Virodene,” Wall Street Journal, July 19, 2001. Accessed at http://ww1.aegis.org/news/wsj/2001/WJ010704.html.

CHAPTER 8: SELFISH HELP

1. “Secret Life of Fugitive Karadzič,” BBC, July 25, 2008. Accessed at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7520661.stm.

2. It’s also a movie. When I tried to watch this, however, the universe read my innermost desires. My DVD player refused to function.

3. “ASIC Bans Victorian Man from Providing Financial Services for Life,” Australian Securities and Investments Commission, June 23, 2010. Accessed at http://tinyurl.com/4q7tcyp.

CHAPTER 9: DISSENT ABOUT DESCENT

1. Colleen Thomas, “Pleadian Shipmates,” Wild Colleen, September 18, 2010. Accessed at http://wildcolleen.com/blog/09-18-2010/pleadian-shipmates.

2. Colleen Thomas, “The Next Paradigm Shift,” Intellectually Honest Science. Accessed at http://www.intellectuallyhonestscience.com/.

3. Opinions vary as to whether Kammerer himself was the faker.

4. For all its anachronistic notions, the book remains surprisingly interesting. It can be found free online at Project Gutenberg or at Electronic Scholarly Publishing. Its sequel, Explanations: A Sequel to “Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation” By the Author of That Work (1845) can be found at http://www.darwin-online.org.

5. This is a point much ignored by religious Creationists in their campaigns to demonize Darwin.

6. Whenever I hear this, I wonder about human beings evolving into idiots.

7. According to pangenesis, which Darwin first put forward in The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (1868), body cells are constantly shedding entities called gemmules. These collect in the sex cells. Thus, every cell of the bodies of both parents has an influence on the offspring of the union of the parents’ sex cells.

8. Quoted in Peter Stiles, “Darwin and Philip Henry Gosse,” Darwin 200 in Devon. Accessed at http://www.devonhumanists.org.uk/d200dev/?page_id=703.

9. The term “genetics” was coined by the Cambridge biologist William Bateson, whose team did much to establish the new science around the turn of the century.

10. Thomas Bell, Presidential Address given May 24, 1859, Proceedings of the Linnean Society (1859), p. viii.

11. Pope John Paul II, “Truth Cannot Contradict Truth,” Address of Pope John Paul II to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, October 22, 1996. Accessed at http://www.newadvent.org/library/docs_jp02tc.htm.

12. Christoph Schönborn, “Finding Design in Nature,” New York Times, July 7, 2005. Accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/07/opinion/07schonborn.html.

13. Fr. George V. Coyne, SJ, “Science Does Not Need God, or Does It? A Catholic Scientist Looks at Evolution,” Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida, January 31, 2006. Accessed at http://www.catholic.org/national/national_story.php?id=18504.

14. Conservapedia, “Evolutionists Who Have Had Problems with Being Overweight and/or Obese.” Accessed at http://www.conservapedia.com/Evolutionists_who_have_had_problems_with_being_overweight_and/or_obese.

15. Conservapedia, “Atheism and Obesity.” Accessed at http://www.conservapedia.com/Atheism_and_obesity.

16. Conservapedia, “Essay: Does Richard Dawkins Have Machismo?” Accessed at http://www.conservapedia.com/Essay:_Does_Richard_Dawkins_have_machismo%3F.

17. “Facts FTW,” Failbook: Too Funny to Unfriend. Accessed at http://failblog.cheezburger.com/failbook/page/3. The various typos, etc., are sic.

18. Henry Morris, “Evolution, Thermodynamics, and Entropy,” Institute for Creation Research, 1973. Accessed at http://www.icr.org/article/evolution-thermodynamics-entropy/. Among other papers generously placed online by the Institute for Creation Research, a favorite is 1985’s “Oceans of Piffle in Evolutionary Indoctrination” by Thomas G. Barnes (http://www.icr.org/article/oceans-piffle-evolutionary-indoctrination/).

19. Carl E. Baugh, “Creation Model Session 8,” Creation Evidence Museum. Accessed at http://www.creationevidence.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Itemid=10 on October 26, 2010.

20. Jim Gardner, “Kent Hovind’s Dissertation” (blog post), How Good is That? December 12, 2009. Accessed at http://howgoodisthat.wordpress.com/2009/12/12/kent-hovinds-dissertation/.

21. “Saturday hate mail-a-palooza,” Daily Kos, October 30, 2010. Accessed at http://www.dailykos.com/story/2010/10/30/915134/-Saturday-hate-mail-a-palooza.

22. David W. Cloud, “Pope Supports Evolution,” Fundamental Baptist Information Service, October 24, 1996. Accessed at http://theonemediator.com/Catholicism/Evolution/pope_supports_evolution.htm.

23. Quoted by Dan Amira in “GOP’s Delaware Senate Nominee Christine O’Donnell Not a Big Fan of Evolution,” New York Magazine, October 15, 2010, Accessed at http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2010/09/the_gops_delaware_senate_nomin.html.

24. Harun Yahya, “Darwinism Is the Main Source Of Racism,” Harun Yahya: An Invitation to the Truth, February 1, 2009. Accessed at http://us1.harunyahya.com/Detail/T/EDCRFV/productId/12529. Capitalization and punctuation sic.

25. Yes, I know, it seems odd a Muslim should be using this as an insult.

26. Oktar got his revenge in 2008 by persuading the Turkish authorities to ban Dawkins’s website from Turkish access. This was part of a campaign by Oktar to have websites that criticized him banned by the courts. It is to the profound shame of those courts that they granted his requests. Among those blocked has been, since 2007, the entirety of WordPress.

27. Quoted in Dorian Jones, “Evolution Under Pressure,” Qantara.de, August 1, 2006. Accessed at http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-478/_nr-478/i.html.

28. Quoted in “Turkey Will Be Entirely Cleansed of Belief in Evolution!” Harun Yahya, May 23, 2007. Accessed at http://www.harunyahyaimpact.com/haberDetay.php?haberId=229.

29. Quoted in Sevim Songün, “Turkey Evolves as Creationist Center” Hurriyet Daily News, March 28, 2009.

30. Mark Perakh, “Not a Very Big Bang about Genesis,” Talk Reason, 1999 (revised 2001). Accessed at http://www.talkreason.org/articles/schroeder.cfm. I’ve relied on Perakh’s essay for this discussion of Schroeder’s hypotheses.

31. Meera Nanda, “Postmodernism, Hindu Nationalism, and ‘Vedic Science,’” Frontline, December 20, 2003. Accessed at http://www.mukto-mona.com/Articles/vedic_science_Mira.htm.

CHAPTER 10: WE’RE (BADLY) DESIGNED

1. Michael Powell, “Doubting Rationalist: ‘Intelligent Design’ Proponent Phillip Johnson, and How He Came to Be,” Washington Post, May 15, 2005. Accessed at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/14/AR2005051401222.html.

2. William Paley, Natural Theology, or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity (London: Richardson & Co., 1821), pp. 9–10.

3. Sir Isaac Newton, “A Short Schem[e] of the True Religion,” Keynes MS 7, King’s College, Cambridge, UK. Accessed at http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/texts/viewtext.php?id=THEM00007&mode=normalized.

4. Michael Behe, Darwin’s Black Box (New York: Free Press, 1996), p. 97.

5. Quoted in Adel Ziadat, Western Science in the Arab World: The Impact of Darwinism, 1860–1930 (New York: St. Martin’s, 1986), p. 100.

6. Phillip E. Johnson, “The Intelligent Design Movement: Challenging the Modernist Monopoly on Science,” in Signs of Intelligence: Understanding Intelligent Design, ed. William A. Dembski and James M. Kushiner (Ada, MI: Brazos Press, 2001).

7. Neil Ormerod, “How Design Supporters Insult God’s Intelligence,” Sydney Morning Herald, November 15, 2005. Accessed at http://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/how-design-supporters-insult-gods-intelligence/2005/11/14/1131951095200.html.

8. Quoted in David L. Allen, “A Reply to Tom Nettles’ Review of William A. Dembski’s The End of Christianity: Finding a Good God in an Evil World,” Center for Theological Research, February 2010. Accessed at http://www.baptisttheology.org/documents/AReplytoTomNettlesReviewofDembskisTheEndofChristianity.pdf.

9. Michelangelo D’Agostino, “In the Matter of Berkeley v. Berkeley,” Berkeley Science Review 10 (Spring 2006): 35. Accessed at http://sciencereview.berkeley.edu/articles/issue10/evolution.pdf.

CHAPTER 11: NO SAFE CLASSROOM?

1. State Senator Josh Brecheen, “Brecheen Discusses Evolution and Darwinian Theory,” Durant Daily Democrat, December 19, 2010. Accessed at http://www.durantdemocrat.com/view/full_story/10717736/article-Brecheen-discusses-evolution-and-Darwinian-Theory?instance=secondary_opinion_left_column.

2. Not surprisingly, “annettejohnson” removed her comment in the face of ridicule, or whyever; but at least as late as July 2011, when I checked, its ghost still existed on Google’s cached version of the page.

3. “Public Acts of the State of Tennessee Passed by the Sixty-Fourth General Assembly, 1925,” chap. 27, House Bill 185, 1925. Accessed at http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/tennstat.htm.

4. The results here were beyond their dreams. The attention was international, not just national; and Dayton is still milking the trial as a tourist attraction.

5. The play was inspired not so much by the actual trial as by the simplistic account of it given in Frederick Lewis Allen’s Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the Nineteen-Twenties (1931). According to Allen (quoted by Edward J. Larson in Summer for the Gods [New York: Basic Books, 1997], p. 226), “In the eyes of the public, the trial was a battle between Fundamentalists on the one hand and twentieth-century skepticism (assisted by Modernism) on the other.” As Larson notes, “The defense’s fight for individual liberty and the prosecution’s appeal to majoritarianism disappeared from Allen’s version of events. . . .”

6. H. L. Mencken, “The Scopes Trial—Aftermath,” Baltimore Evening Sun, September 14, 1925. Accessed at http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/menck05.htm.

7. The trial documents, including a full transcript, are available online at http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/dover/kitzmiller_v_dover.html.

8. “The Clergy Letter—from American Christian Clergy—An Open Letter Concerning Religion and Science,” Evolution Weekend: The Clergy Letter Project. Accessed July 3, 2010, at http://blue.butler.edu/~mzimmerm/Christian_Clergy/ChrClergyLtr.htm.

9. Institute for Creation Research Graduate School v. Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board. The judgment is available online at http://courtweb.pamd.uscourts.gov/courtwebsearch/txwd/06454397.pdf.

CHAPTER 12: EVILUTION

1. Kenneth M. Pierce, J. Madeleine Nash, and D. L. Coutu, “Education: Putting Darwin Back in the Dock,” Time, May 16, 1981. Accessed at http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,922471-5,00.html#ixzz0mt5lNQ7h.

2. Brock Lee, “Pushing Teens into Being Sexually Active,” Owatanna People’s Press, July 10, 2010. Accessed at http://www.owatonna.com/news.php?viewStory=118653.

3. Max Nordau, “The Philosophy and Morals of War,” North American Review 169 (1889): 794.

4. I was amused to discover, when checking in May 2010, that amazon.co.uk classifies this book as fiction. And quite right, too.

5. Although not as long before as we might think. While apologists for color prejudice assure us it’s hardwired into the human psyche, etc., it appears to be a relatively recent phenomenon. The ancient Greeks and Romans, while being highly aware of the culture from which a person came—and they could certainly be racist in that respect, particularly the Greeks—regarded skin color as no more important than eye color or hair color.

CHAPTER 13: EUGENICALLY SPEAKING

1. He did so by 1883; before then he had used the word “viriculture,” by analogy with “agriculture.”

2. Francis Galton, “Hereditary Character and Talent,” Macmillan’s Magazine 12 (November 1864 and April 1965): 157–66 and 318–27; this extract is from pp. 165–66.

3. Quoted in Jonathan Spiro, Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant (Lebanon, NH: University of Vermont Press, 2008), p. 158.

4. Walter Lippmann, “Tests of Hereditary Intelligence,” New Republic, November 22, 1922, p. 330.

5. Official Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Race Betterment, Volume II (1915). Cited by Steven Selden in Inheriting Shame: The Story of Eugenics and Racism in America (New York: Teachers College Press, 1999), p. 11.

6. Quoted in Harry Hamilton Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization in the United States (Chicago: Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago, 1922), p. 22.

7. Buck v. Bell, 274 US 200 (1927).

CHAPTER 14: SOCIAL DARWINISM

1. Cited widely; the earliest version I could find was (incomplete) in William James Ghent’s Our Benevolent Feudalism (1903; reprint, Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2010), p. 29.

2. When Darwin first used the expression, in the 5th (1869) edition of Origin of Species, it was at the urging of Wallace, who’d explained he was unhappy with the term “natural selection.”

3. It’s not coincidental that the phrase “reciprocal altruism” has become a popular term in academia to describe what you or I would call cooperation.

4. Quoted in M. J. Savage, “Professor Swing and Herbert Spencer,” Weekly Magazine of Chicago; reprinted in Unity 13, no. 4 (March 1884).

5. William James, Memories and Studies (1912; reprint, Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar, 2007), p. 112.

6. William Graham Sumner, The Challenge of Facts and Other Essays (1914; reprint, Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar, 2009), p. 57.

CHAPTER 15: IT’S THE ECOLOGY, STUPID

1. Ann Coulter, “Global Warming: The French Connection,” WorldNetDaily, May 28, 2003. Accessed at http://www.wnd.com/index.php?pageId=19019.

2. “Don Young: Gulf Spill ‘Not an Environmental Disaster,’” Anchorage Daily News, June 2, 2010. Accessed at http://www.adn.com/2010/06/02/1304209/don-young-gulf-oil-spill-not-an.html.

3. Brook R. Corwin, “Independents Take Center Stage in Obama Era: Section 9: The Environment and the Economy,” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. Accessed at http://brookcorwin.com/environment/researchpaper.docx.

4. Reported, like some of the other information here, by Julia Whitty, in “The Fate of the Ocean,” Mother Jones, March/April 2006. Accessed at http://motherjones.com/politics/2006/03/fate-ocean.

5. Although the relationship is not direct, CO₂ being less soluble in warmer water.

6. See, for example, Elizabeth Kolbert, “The Acid Sea,” National Geographic, April 2011. Accessed at http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/04/ocean-acidification/kolbert-text.

7. Although not all have yet signed up to all of its various revisions, in 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999.

8. Quoted in “DuPont: A Case Study in the 3D Corporate Strategy,” Greenpeace Position Paper, September 1997. Accessed at http://archive.greenpeace.org/ozone/greenfreeze/moral97/6dupont.html.

9. Quoted in “Saving the Ozone Layer: The Montreal Protocol and Moral Priorities—A Greenpeace Position Paper,” Greenpeace, September 1997. Accessed at http://archive.greenpeace.org/ozone/greenfreeze/moral97/index.html.

10. “Join the Discussion,” American Thinker, December 19, 2010. Both ac­cessed at http://comments.americanthinker.com/read/42323/731481.html.

CHAPTER 16: SO, WHAT WAS THE WEATHER LIKE IN 2010?

1. I’m indebted for much of the information here to the NOAA National Climatic Data Center of the US Department of Commerce. See http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reports/weather-events.html#2010. Where figures differ from the NOAA ones they’re from more detailed reports and/or represent updates.

2. Quoted in Matt Corley, “Utah State Representative Claims Climate Change Is a ‘Conspiracy’ Aimed at Population Control,” Alternet, February 7, 2010. Ac­cessed at http://blogs.alternet.org/speakeasy/2010/02/07/utah-state-representative-claims-climate-change-is-a-conspiracy-aimed-at-population-control/.

3. Mark Kinver, “Food Chains Disrupted by Earlier Arrival of Spring,” BBC News, February 9, 2010. Accessed at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8506363.stm.

4. National Science Foundation press release, “Methane Releases from Arctic Shelf May Be Much Larger and Faster Than Anticipated,” National Science Foundation, March 4, 2010. Accessed at http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=116532&org=NSF&from=news.

5. Christopher Skinner, Arthur DeGaetano, and Brian Chabot, “Implications of Twenty-First Century Climate Change on Northeastern United States Maple Syrup Production: Impacts and Adaptations,” Climatic Change 100, no. 3 (June 1, 2010).

6. Nurfika Osman, “‘Super-Extreme’ Weather Is the Worst on Record,” Jakarta Globe, August 19, 2010. Accessed at http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/super-extreme-weather-is-the-worst-on-record/391736.

7. Curtis Brainard, “Temperate Coverage of Extreme Weather,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 12, 2010. Accessed at http://www.cjr.org/the_observatory/temperate_coverage_of_extreme.php.

8. Quoted in Justin Gillis, “In Weather Chaos, a Case for Global Warming,” New York Times, August 14, 2010. Accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/15/science/earth/15climate.html.

9. Quoted in Suzanne Bohan, “State Nursery Falls Under Budget Ax,” Contra Costa Times, October 17, 2010. Accessed at http://www.contracostatimes.com/top-stories/ci_16350405?nclick_check=1.

10. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “State of the Climate: Global Hazards, September 2010.” National Climate Data Center, September 2010. Accessed at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/?report=hazards&year=2010&month=9&submitted=Get+Report.

11. Stephen Leahy, “Arctic Ice in Death Spiral,” IPS News, September 20, 2010. Accessed at http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=52896.

12. “Severe Drought Afflicts Brazilian Amazon,” BBC, October 22, 2010. Accessed at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11610382.

13. John M. Broder, “Climate Change Doubt Is Tea Party Article of Faith,” New York Times, October 20, 2010.

14. Roger Harrabin, “Rich Nations ‘Failing to Deliver Climate Cash,’” BBC, Octo­ber 8, 2010. Accessed at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11502019.

15. Roger Harrabin, “Met Office says 2010 ‘Among Hottest on Record,’” BBC, November 26, 2010. Accessed at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11841368. A complaint to the BBC drew no response.

16. Associated Press, “2 People Die in Severe Floods in Southwestern Belgium,” November 14, 2010. Accessed at http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/Aleqm5gplb82e8efacd5w1fr2s5cD-Tmoq?docId=5131138.

17. Oxfam International, “Now More Than Ever: Climate Talks That Work for Those Who Need Them Most.” Oxfam International Media Briefing, November 2010. Accessed at http://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/oxfam-cancun-media-briefing-2010.pdf.

18. “Israel Fire Near Haifa Kills Dozens of Prison Guards,” BBC, December 2, 2010. Accessed at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11901750.

19. Jane Qiu, “Global Warming May Worsen Locust Swarms,” Nature News, October 7, 2009. Accessed at http://www.nature.com/news/2009/091007/full/news.2009.978.html.

20. Michael Heath and Angus Whitley, “Australian Floods Prompt New South Wales Disaster Declaration, Crop Alert,” Bloomberg, December 3, 2010. Accessed at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-12-04/australian-floods-prompt-new-south-wales-disaster-declaration-crop-alert.html.

21. “Australia Swaps Summer for Christmas Snow,” AFP, December 20, 2010. Accessed at http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jv1dn_cAmrXQCkEWRMCZpKryjPpA?docId=CNG.fa1b2905c40572e9934b2e3a6b52d6f4.611.

22. Quoted in “Pastor Says Kevin Rudd to Blame for Floods,” News.Com.Au, January 11, 2011. Accessed at http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/pastor-says-kevin-rudd-to-blame-for-floods/story-e6frfku0-1225985730895#ixzz1ApUe8RVi.

23. “Pressing the Silence: At the U.N. Climate Change Conference, the Media Center Is Oddly Quiet,” Democracy Now!, December 6, 2010. Accessed at http://www.democracynow.org/2010/12/6/pressing_the_silence_at_the_un.

24. Daniel G. Boyce et al., “Global Phytoplankton Decline over the Past Century,” Nature, July 29, 2010. A good summary can be found in Steve Connor, “The Dead Sea: Global Warming Blamed for 40 Per Cent Decline in the Ocean’s Phytoplankton,” Independent, July 29, 2010. Accessed at http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/the-dead-sea-global-warming-blamed-for-40-per-cent-decline-in-the-oceans-phytoplankton-2038074.html.

25. A few months earlier, the election of a Coalition government in the UK brought to Parliament many new Conservative Party MPs who denied climate change. Luckily, their leadership had more sense.

26. Neela Banerjee, “GOP Plans Attacks on the EPA and Climate Scientists,” Los Angeles Times, October 30, 2010. Accessed at http://articles.latimes.com/2010/oct/30/nation/la-na-epa-battle-ahead-20101030.

27. Ronald Brownstein, “GOP Gives Climate Science a Cold Shoulder,” Na­tional Journal, October 9, 2010. Accessed at http://nationaljournal.com/columns/political-connections/gop-gives-climate-science-a-cold-shoulder-20101009.

28. Mireya Navarro, “States Diverting Money from Climate Initiative,” New York Times, November 28, 2010. Accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/29/nyregion/29greenhouse.html.

29. Bruce Usher, “On Global Warming, Start Small,” New York Times, November 27, 2010. Accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/28/opinion/28usher.html.

30. Cathal Kelly, “God Will Save Us from Climate Change: U.S. Representative,” Toronto Star, November 14, 2010. Accessed at http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/888472–god-will-save-us-from-climate-change-u-s-representative.

31. Andrew Restuccia, “Shimkus’ Greatest Hits: Climate Change Edition,” Washington Independent, November 9, 2010. Accessed at http://washingtonindependent.com/103079/shimkus-greatest-hits-climate-change-edition.

32. Douglas Fischer, “2010 in Review: The Year Climate Coverage ‘Fell Off the Map,’” Daily Climate, January 3, 2011. Accessed at http://wwwp.dailyclimate.org/tdc-newsroom/2011/01/climate-coverage.

CHAPTER 17: GLOBAL WEIRDING

1. Peter Hitchens, “God Help Us All if We Get these Lawless EU Robocops,” Mail on Sunday, July 29, 2001. Accessed at http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/columnists/article-117626/God-help-lawless-EU-robocops.html#ixzz1Ce1e1vRs.

2. Except that it’s not quite that simple—nothing ever is in climate science. The increased levels of atmospheric water vapor are likely to result in greater cloud cover. The cloudier the world is, the less infrared gets through to the surface to take part in the greenhouse effect. On the other hand, the less likely it becomes that any heat can escape from beneath the cloud layer. There’s a balance point here somewhere, but no one as yet is sure how to calculate it.

3. Environment News Service, “Climate Change Could Bankrupt World by 2065,” Albion Monitor 82, December 2000. Accessed at http://www.albionmonitor.com/0012a/climatebankrupt.html.

4. Energy Information Administration, “Per Capita Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption of Energy, Most Countries, 1980–2006,” International Energy Annual 2006. Accessed at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/carbondioxide.html.

5. Quoted in Fred Krupp and Miriam Horn, Earth: The Sequel (New York: Norton, 2008), p. 11.

6. Quoted in part 1 of Elizabeth Kolbert, “The Climate of Man,” New Yorker, April 25, 2005. Accessed at http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/04/25/050425fa_fact3.

7. National Research Council, Advancing the Science of Climate Change (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010). Executive summary accessed at http://dels.nas.edu/Report/Advancing-Science-Climate-Change/12782.

8. Pew Research Center, “Little Change in Opinions about Global Warming: Increasing Partisan Divide on Energy Policies,” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, 2010. Accessed at http://people-press.org/report/669/.

9. Naomi Oreskes, “The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change,” Science, December 3, 2004 Accessed at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/306/5702/1686.full.

10. William R. L. Anderegg, James W. Prall, Jacob Harold, and Stephen H. Schneider, “Expert Credibility in Climate Change,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, April 9, 2010. Abstract accessed at http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/06/22/1003187107.abstract.

11. Joanne Nova, “PNAS: Witchdoctors of Science,” JoNova, June 23, 2010. Accessed at http://joannenova.com.au/2010/06/pnas-witchdoctors-of-science/. With no apparent sense of irony, Nova adds that “the article is tagged with ‘Climate Denier.’ In doing so, the NAS officially steps across that ugly line into outright name-calling.”

12. John H. Mercer, “West Antarctic Ice Sheet and CO₂ Greenhouse Effect: A Threat of Disaster,” Nature, January 26, 1978. Abstract accessed at http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v271/n5643/abs/271321a0.html.

13. Fen Montaigne, “The Warming of Antarctica: A Citadel of Ice Begins to Melt,” Yale Environment 360, November 22, 2010. Accessed at http://e360.yale.edu/feature/the_warming_of_antarctica_a_citadel_of_ice_begins_to_melt_/2342/.

14. Mark Hawthorne, “Rains Place State at Risk of Mosquito-Borne Diseases,” The Age, January 17, 2011. Accessed at http://www.theage.com.au/environment/weather/rains-place-state-at-risk-of-mosquitoborne-diseases-20110116-19sji.html.

15. Paul Jay, “The Beetle and the Damage Done,” CBC, April 23, 2008. Accessed at http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/science/beetle.html.

16. These figures from the 2009 Quadrennial Fire Review are cited in Frances Beinecke, Clean Energy Common Sense, with Bob Deans (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), pp. 24–26.

17. World Health Organization, “Climate and Health,” World Health Organization, fact sheet, July 2005. Accessed at http://www.who.int/globalchange/news/fsclimandhealth/en/index.html.

18. Quoted in Beinecke, Clean Energy Common Sense, p. 34.

19. Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Wolfgang Cramer, Nebojsa Nakicenovic, Tom Wigley, and Gary Yohe, eds., Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 155–61.

20. For more, see the Royal Society’s press release, “Impact of Climate Change on Crops Worse than Previously Thought,” Royal Society, 2005. Accessed at http://royalsociety.org/General_WF.aspx?pageid=7317&terms=.

21. “Rising CO₂ Levels Threaten Crops and Food Quality,” UC Davis News and Information, May 13, 2010. Accessed at http://www.news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=9479.

22. Steve Connor, “Climate Emails Hacked by Spies,” Independent, February 1, 2010.

23. Richard Girling, “The Leak Was Bad. Then Came the Death Threats,” Sunday Times, February 7, 2010.

24. K. R. Briffa et al., “Reduced Sensitivity of Recent Tree-Growth to Temperature at High Northern Latitudes,” Nature, February 12, 1998. Abstract accessed at http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v391/n6668/abs/391678a0.html.

25. Perhaps because of increased CO₂ reducing the trees’ ability to process nitrates?

26. James Delingpole, “Climategate: The Final Nail in the Coffin of ‘Anthropogenic Global Warming’?” Daily Telegraph, November 20, 2009. Accessed at http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/jamesdelingpole/100017393/climategate-the-final-nail-in-the-coffin-of-anthropogenic-global-warming/.

27. Kate Ravilious, “Hacked Email Climate Scientists Receive Death Threats,” Guardian, December 8, 2009. A selection of the threats is available online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jul/06/hacked-climate-science-emails-sceptics-abuse.

28. Government Response to the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee 8th Report of Session 2009–10: The Disclosure of Climate Data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia, Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change by Command of Her Majesty (London: Stationery Office, September 2010). Accessed at http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm79/7934/7934.pdf.

29. Leo Hickman, “US Climate Scientists Receive Hate Mail Barrage in Wake of UEA Scandal,” Guardian, July 5, 2010. Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jul/05/hate-mail-climategate.

30. Henry C. Foley, Alan W. Scaroni, and Candice A. Yekel, “Concerning the Allegations of Research Misconduct against Dr. Michael E. Mann, Department of Meteorology, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University,” RA-10 Inquiry Report, preamble, Pennsylvania State University, February 3, 2010. Accesssed at http://www.research.psu.edu/orp/Findings_Mann_Inquiry.pdf.

31. Newsvine, “Are You Satisfied with the British Panel’s Conclusion That While ‘Climategate’ Scientists Were Not Always Forthcoming, Their Science Was Sound?” July 7, 2010. Accessed December 2, 2010 at http://tinyurl.com/4rr6nd4.

32. Andrew Bolt, “All Clear, Expect [sic] for One or Two Big Exaggerations,” Herald Sun, April 16, 2010. Accessed at http://blogs.news.com.au/heraldsun/andrewbolt/index.php/heraldsun/comments/all_clear_expect_for_one_or_two_big_exaggerations/.

33. Scott Mandia, “Climategate Coverage: Unfair & Unbalanced,” Prof- Mandia, April 18, 2010. Accessed at http://profmandia.wordpress.com/2010/04/18/climategate-coverage-unfair-unbalanced/.

34. The difference in the periods covered reflects restrictions in Google’s advanced search facilities.

35. Editorial, “A Climate Change Corrective,” New York Times, July 9, 2010. Accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/11/opinion/11sun2.html.

36. Quoted in Brad Johnson, “Stumped by Science: Michele Bachmann Calls CO₂ ‘Harmless,’ ‘Negligible,’ ‘Necessary,’ ‘Natural,’” Think Progress, Wonkroom, April 24, 2009. Accessed at http://wonkroom.thinkprogress.org/2009/04/24/bachmann-harmless-co2/.

37. Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley, and Malcolm K. Hughes, “Global-Scale Temperature Patterns and Climate Forcing over the Past Six Centuries,” Nature, April 23, 1998.

38. Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley, and Malcolm K. Hughes, “Northern Hemisphere Temperature During the Past Millennium: Inferences, Uncertainties, and Limitations,” Geophysical Research Letters 26, no. 6 (1999).

39. A further paper by Michael E. Mann et al., “Proxy-Based Reconstructions of Hemispheric and Global Surface Temperature Variations over the Past Two Millennia,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, September 9, 2008, extended the coverage to 2000 years.

40. National Research Council, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006).

41. “Steve McIntyre and Ross McKitrick, Part 2: The Story Behind the Barton–Whitfield Investigation and the Wegman Panel,” Deep Climate, February 8, 2010. Accessed at http://deepclimate.org/2010/02/08/steve-mcintyre-and-ross-mckitrick-part-2-barton-wegman/.

42. Dan Vergano, “Experts Claim 2006 Climate Report Plagiarized,” USA Today, November 22, 2010. Accessed at http://www.usatoday.com/weather/­climate/globalwarming/2010-11-21-climate-report-questioned_N.htm.

43. John R. Mashey, “Strange Inquiries at George Mason University,” DeSmog Blog, December 13, 2010. Accessed at http://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/strange%20inquiries%20v1%200.pdf.

44. John R. Mashey, “Strange Scholarship in the Wegman Report: A Facade for the Climate Anti-Science PR Campaign,” Deep Climate, September 26, 2010. Accessed at http://deepclimate.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/strange-scholarship-v1-02.pdf .

45. A Delhi-based charity of which Pachauri became a director in 1981 and director general in 2001.

46. Christopher Booker and Richard North, “Questions over Business Deals of UN Climate Change Guru Dr Rajendra Pachauri,” Sunday Telegraph, December 20, 2009. Accessed at http://www.prisonplanet.com/questions-over-business-deals-of-un-climate-change-guru-dr-rajendra-pachauri.html.

47. George Monbiot, “Rajendra Pachauri Innocent of Financial Misdealings but Smears Will Continue,” Guardian Online, August 26, 2010. Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/georgemonbiot/2010/aug/26/rajendra-pachauri-financial-relationships.

48. The first reference that came up when I googled for it was at the Orwellianly named Climate Realists site (http://climaterealists.com/index.php?id=4713). Sure enough, not a hint of a retraction.

49. Christopher Booker, “The ‘Anomalies’ of Dr. Rajendra Pachauri’s Charity Accounts,” Sunday Telegraph, October 2, 2010. Accessed at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/christopherbooker/8039035/The-anomalies-of-Dr-Rajendra-Pachauris-charity-accounts.html#disqus_thread.

50. Robert Mendick and Amrit Dhillon, “Revealed: The Racy Novel Written by the World’s Most Powerful Climate Scientist,” Sunday Telegraph, January 30, 2010. Accessed at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/7111068/Revealed-the-racy-novel-written-by-the-worlds-most-powerful-climate-scientist.html.

51. Richard Black, “Climate Panel Agrees ‘Milestone’ Reforms, Defers Others,” BBC, October 14, 2010. Accessed at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11541056.

52. Ann Coulter, “Global Warming: The French Connection,” WorldNetDaily, May 28, 2003. Accessed at http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=32802.

53. Luddhunter, “Oreskes on ‘The American Denial of Global Warming,’” Deltoid, February 8, 2008. Accessed at http://scienceblogs.com/deltoid/2008/02/oreskes_on_the_american_denial.php.

54. John Cook, “Skeptic Arguments and What the Science Says,” Skeptical Science. Accessed at http://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php.

55. Coby Beck, “How to Talk to a Climate Skeptic,” A Few Things Ill Considered, July 6, 2008. Accessed at http://scienceblogs.com/illconsidered/2008/07/how_to_talk_to_a_sceptic.php.

56. Rebecca Townsend, “Vicky Hartzler, Republican,” Missouri News Horizon, October 28, 2010. Accessed at http://monewshorizonblog.org/2010/10/vicky-hartzler/.

57. Cited in Steve Connor, “Carbon Emissions Set to be Highest in History,” Independent, November 22, 2010. Accessed at http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/carbon-emissions-set-to-be-highest-in-history-2140291.html.

58. Frank Luntz, “The Environment: A Cleaner, Safer, Healthier America,” November 2002. Accessed at http://watchingthedeniers.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/cleaneramerica.pdf .

59. Ross Gelbspan, Boiling Point (New York: Basic Books, 2004), p. 103.

60. George Monbiot, Heat (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2007), p. v.

61. Kofi Annan, “Introduction,” Human Impact Report: Climate Change—The Anatomy of a Silent Crisis (Geneva: Global Humanitarian Forum, 2009), p. iii. Accessed at http://www.bb.undp.org/uploads/file/pdfs/energy_environment/CC%20human%20impact%20report.pdf.

62. Ibid., p. 21.

63. Jonathan Overpeck, Director of the Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, University of Arizona in Tucson. This comment is quoted in “Warming to Cause Catastrophic Rise in Sea Level?” National Geographic News, April 26, 2004. Accessed at http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0420_040420_earthday_2.html.

64. Stefan Lovgren, “Warming to Cause Catastrophic Rise in Sea Level?” National Geographic News, April 26, 2004. Accessed at http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0420_040420_earthday_2.html.

65. Quoted in Andrew Restuccia, “Osama Bin Laden Lectures Obama on Climate Change,” Washington Independent, October 1, 2010. Accessed at http://washingtonindependent.com/99352/osama-bin-laden-lectures-obama-on-climate-change.

66. Steve Maley, “The Kinder, Gentler Osama bin Laden,” Redstate, January 29, 2010. Accessed at http://www.redstate.com/vladimir/2010/01/29/the-kinder-gentler-osama-bin-laden/.

67. Ed Brayton, “Osama bin Laden: Environmentalist,” Dispatches from the Culture Wars, October 4, 2010. Accessed at http://scienceblogs.com/dispatches/2010/10/osama_bin_laden_environmentali.php.

68. Suzanne Goldenberg, “Osama bin Laden Lends Unwelcome Support in Fight against Climate Change,” Guardian, January 29, 2010. Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jan/29/osama-bin-laden-climate-change.

69. John Deutch et al., “The Future of Coal: Options for a Carbon-Constrained World,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. Accessed at http://web.mit.edu/coal/The_Future_of_Coal_Summary_Report.pdf..

70. Fred Pearce, “Can Coal Live up to its Clean Promise?” New Scientist, March 27, 2008. Accessed at climatechange.flinders.edu.au/NSClean%20coal.doc.

71. Much of the information here is from SourceWatch, “Coal Mining Disasters.” Accessed at http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Coal_mining_disasters.

72. Figures from Frances Beinecke, Clean Energy Common Sense, with Bob Deans (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), pp. 51–52.

73. Ibid., p. 58.

74. Fred Krupp and Miriam Horn, Earth: The Sequel (New York: Norton, 2008), p. 30.

75. Quoted in David Roberts, “Bidding a Fond Farewell to ExxonMobil CEO Lee Raymond,” Grist, August 6, 2005. Accessed at http://www.grist.org/article/roberts-raymond/.

76. Richard A. Muller, Physics for Future Presidents (New York: Norton, 2008), p. 329.

77. Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Europe Finds Clean Energy in Trash, but U.S. Lags,” New York Times, April 12, 2010. Accessed at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/science/earth/13trash.html?nl=todaysheadlines&emc=a3.

78. David Fermin, quoted in “Making Car Fuel from Thin Air,” Science Daily, March 29, 2010. Accessed at http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100324184556.htm.

79. Jonalex, “Ice Age Solution to Global Warming,” All Voices, November 28, 2010. Accessed at http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/7461490-ice-age-solution-to-global-warming.

80. Gidon Eshel and Pamela A. Martin, “Diet, Energy, and Global Warming,” Earth Interactions 10 (2006). Accessed at http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/EI167.1.

81. Hansen, Storms of My Grandchildren (2009), pp. 209–22.

CHAPTER 18: MARKETING CLIMATE DENIALISM

1. Miranda Devine, “Beware the Church of Climate Alarm,” Sydney Morning Herald, November 27, 2008. Accessed at http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2008/11/26/1227491635989.html.

2. Go to http://www.exxonsecrets.org/index.php?mapid=612. Click on “load map” in the list at top left, and then choose, for example, “Biggest Exxon $$ Winners” for an immediate graphic representation that names names.

3. A more complete, regularly updated list can be found at http://www.exxon secrets.org.

4. For copies of the e-mails, see the OfcomSwindleComplaint website (Ofcom is the UK’s Office of Communications). Accessed at http://www.ofcomswindlecomplaint.net/emails/foia-ebell-to-cooney_obtained-by-greenpeace-under-freedom-of-inforrmation-act.pdf.

5. Antonio Regalado, Dionne Searcey, and Jeffrey Ball, “Where Did That Video Spoofing Gore’s Film Come From?” Wall Street Journal, August 3, 2006. Accessed at http://www.mail-archive.com/medianews@twiar.org/msg12590.html.

6. “Fox News Repeatedly Advanced CEI Fellow’s Accusations NASA Is ‘Manipulating Data on Climate Change’ without Noting CEI Received Millions from Oil Industry,” Media Matters, December 04, 2009. Accessed at http://mediamatters.org/research/200912040022.

7. James Hoggan and Richard Littlemore, Climate Cover-Up (Vancouver: Greystone, 2009), p. 53.

8. “ICSC Mission Statement,” International Climate Science Coalition. Ac­cessed at http://www.climatescienceinternational.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=6.

9. Greenpeace, “Koch Industries: Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Ma­chine,” Greenpeace, 2010, and “Koch Industries: Still Fueling Climate Denial (2011 Update),” Greenpeace, 2011. Accessed at http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/campaigns/global-warming-and-energy/polluterwatch/koch-industries/.

10. Jane Mayer, “Covert Operations,” New Yorker, August 30, 2010. Accessed at http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/08/30/100830fa_fact_mayer.

11. The Claude R. Lambe Foundation, the Charles G. Koch Foundation, and the David H. Koch Foundation. The list of organizations funded indirectly by the Koch brothers can be found at http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/campaigns/global-warming-and-energy/polluterwatch/koch-industries-secretly-fund/.

12. Greenpeace, “Koch Industries: Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine,” pp. 32–33.

13. Ibid., p. 33.

14. “For the Health of the Nation: An Evangelical Call to Civic Responsibility,” National Association of Evangelicals, 2004. Accessed at http://www.nae.net/images/content/For_The_Health_Of_The_Nation.pdf.

15. “Factsheet: Interfaith Stewardship Alliance,” ExxonSecrets. Accessed at http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=142. A partial list of signatories to the associated “Evangelical Declaration on Global Warming” can be found at http://www.cornwallalliance.org/blog/item/prominent-signers-of-an-evangelical-declaration-on-global-warming/.

16. “Cornwall Declaration on Environmental Stewardship,” Veritas—A Quarterly Journal of Public Policy in Texas (Summer 2000). Accessed at http://www.texaspolicy.com/pdf/2000-veritas-1-2-cornwall.pdf.

17. “An Evangelical Declaration on Global Warming,” Cornwall Alliance, 2009. Accessed at http://www.cornwallalliance.org/articles/read/an-evangelical-declaration-on-global-warming/.

18. Quoted in John Collins Rudolf, “An Evangelical Backlash against Environmentalism,” New York Times, December 30, 2010.

19. Clay Ramsay, Steven Kull, Evan Lewis, and Stefan Subias, “Misinformation and the 2010 Election: A Study of the US Electorate,” World Public Opinion, December 10, 2010. Accessed at http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/dec10/Misinformation_Dec10_rpt.pdf .

20. Quoted in Ben Dimiero, “FOXLEAKS: Fox Boss Ordered Staff to Cast Doubt on Climate Science,” Media Matters for America, December 15, 2010. Accessed at http://mediamatters.org/blog/201012150004.

21. Maxwell T. Boykoff and Jules M. Boykoff, “Balance as Bias: Global Warming and the US Prestige Press,” Global Environmental Change, no.14 (2004): 125–36. Accessed at http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/publications/downloads/boykoff04-gec.pdf.

22. Quoted in George Monbiot, Heat (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2007), p. 23.

23. Peter J. Jacques, Riley E. Dunlap, and Mark Freeman, “The Organisation of Denial: Conservative Think Tanks and Environmental Scepticism,” Environmental Politics 17, no. 3 (June 2008). Accessed at http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a793291693&fulltext=713240928.

CHAPTER 19: CLIMATE DENIALISM: DRAMATIS PERSONAE

1. Freeman J. Dyson, Selected Papers of Freeman Dyson with Commentary (Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 1996), p. 44.

2. James Hansen, Storms of My Grandchildren: The Truth About the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save Humanity (New York: Bloomsbury, 2009), p. 55.

3. Richard Lindzen, “Climate Science in Denial: Global Warming Alarmists Have Been Discredited, but You Wouldn’t Know It from the Rhetoric This Earth Day,” Wall Street Journal, April 22, 2010.

4. This particular wording by Ian Plimer from “Legislative Time Bomb,” The Drum, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, August 13, 2009. Accessed at http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/29320.html.

5. Quoted in Bill Nicholas, “Don’t Hold Your Breath on CO₂ ,” Independent Weekly, March 22, 2008.

6. Ian Plimer, letter to the editor, Spectator, July 18, 2009. Accessed at http://www.spectator.co.uk/politics/all/5186003/letters.thtml.

7. “Plimer, Monbiot Cross Swords in Climate Debate,” Australian Broadcasting Corporation, December 15, 2009. Accessed at http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2009/s2772906.htm.

8. James Hoggan, Climate Cover-Up: The Crusade to Deny Global Warming, with Richard Littlemore (Vancouver: Greystone, 2009), p. 41.

9. Quoted at ExxonSecrets. Accessed at http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=65#src3.

10. S. Fred Singer, “Secondhand Smoke, Lung Cancer, and the Global Warming Debate,” American Thinker, December 19, 2010. Accessed at http://www.americanthinker.com/2010/12/second_hand_smoke_lung_cancer.html.

11. Frederick Seitz, “Presentation to Operating Committee, R. J. Reynolds Industries, Inc.,” August 8, 1979. Accessed at http://tobaccodocuments.org/rjr/504779244-9250.html.

12. Oreskes and Conway, Merchants of Doubt, p. 28.

13. S. Fred Singer, Roger Revelle, and Chauncey Starr, “What To Do About Greenhouse Warming: Look Before You Leap,” Cosmos: A Journal of Emerging Issues 5, no. 2 (summer 1992). Accessed at http://ruby.fgcu.edu/courses/twimberley/envirophilo/lookbeforeyouleap.pdf.

14. Sherwood B. Idso, “The Climatological Significance of a Doubling of Earth’s Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration,” Science, March 28, 1980. Abstract accessed at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/207/4438/1462.abstract.

15. Josh Harkinson, “The Dirty Dozen of Climate Change Denial, #8: Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change (A.K.A. The Idso Family),” Mother Jones, December 4, 2009. Accessed at http://motherjones.com/environment/2009/12/dirty-dozen-climate-change-denial-11-idso-family.

16. Sherwood B. Idso, “Real-World Constraints on Global Warming,” Fraser Institute, 1999. Accessed at http://oldfraser.lexi.net/publications/books/g_warming/real_world.html.

17. “Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change—Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group,” Greenpeace. Accessed at http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/campaigns/global-warming-and-energy/polluterwatch/koch-industries/center-for-the-study-of-carbon/.

18. “Dr. Sallie Baliunas,” George C. Marshall Institute. Accessed at http://www.marshall.org/experts.php?id=38.

19. “Factsheet: Willie Soon,” ExxonSecrets. Accessed at http://www.exxon secrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=860#src10.

20. M. G. Dyck et al., “Polar Bears of Western Hudson Bay and Climate Change: Are Warming Spring Air Temperatures the ‘Ultimate’ Survival Control Factor?” Ecological Complexity 4, no. 3. Accessed at http://ruby.fgcu.edu/courses/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/HudsonBay.pdf .

21. Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas, “Lessons and Limits of Climate History: Was the 20th Century Climate Unusual?” George C. Marshall Institute, 2003. Accessed at http://www.marshall.org/pdf/materials/136.pdf.

22. One Climategate accusation is that the resignations were the result of pressure from Michael Mann and members of the CRU. All concerned have denied this.

23. Floor speech delivered July 28, 2003. Accessed at http://inhofe.senate.gov/pressreleases/climate.htm .

24. “Factsheet: Sen. James Inhofe,” ExxonSecrets. Accessed at http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=945.

25. Chris Mooney, “Earth Last,” American Prospect, April 13, 2004.

26. Calculation by Tim Lambert in “Inhofe: Less Honest than the Discovery Institute,” Deltoid, December 13, 2008. Accessed at http://scienceblogs.com/deltoid/2008/12/inhofe_less_honest_than_the_di.php.

27. Quoted in Andrew Dessler, “Today: George Waldenberger,” Grist, January 15, 2008. Accessed at http://www.grist.org/article/the-inhofe-400-skeptic-of-the-day3/.

28. Accessed via Inhofe’s own website at http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=83947f5d-d84a-4a84-ad5d-6e2d71db52d9&CFID=31000783&CFTOKEN=64876380.

29. Jonathan Karl and Z. Byron Wolf, “Amid Heat Wave, Senator Talks ‘Global Cooling,’” ABC News, July 23, 2010. Accessed at http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/amid-heat-wave-senator-talks-global-coolilng/story?id=11237381.

30. Quoted in Dave Michaels, “Barton a Steadfast Skeptic on Climate Change,” Dallas Morning News, June 1, 2008.

31. Aron Pilhofer and Bob Williams, “Big Oil Protects its Interests,” Center for Public Integrity, revised March 31, 2006. Accessed at http://projects.publicintegrity.org/oil//report.aspx?aid=345&sid=100.

32. “Joe Barton,” Open Secrets. Accessed at http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.php?cid=N00005656&cycle=Career.

33. Quoted in Kate Sheppard, “House Republicans Bring Strange Theories and Wacky Witnesses to Climate Hearings,” Grist, April 20, 2009. Accessed at http://www.grist.org/article/2009-04-20-house-republicans-bring.

34. Judy Fahys, “Debate on Climate Heats up Online,” Salt Lake Tribune, April 9, 2010. Accessed at http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/home/49374964-73/monckton-bickmore-university-climate.html.csp.

35. Or, strictly speaking, by “someone” who just happened to be using Monckton’s e-mail address. Monbiot has posted the very amusing correspondence between the two on the subject at http://www.monbiot.com/archives/2007/10/03/did-lord-monckton-fabricate-a-claim-on-his-wikipedia-page/.

36. Christopher Monckton, “More in Sorrow Than in Anger: An Open Letter from The Viscount Monckton of Brenchley to Senator John McCain about Climate Science and Policy,” Science and Public Policy Institute. Accessed at http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/reprint/Letter_to_McCain.pdf .

37. Barry Bickmore, “Lord Monckton: 3rd Viscount of Brenchley, King of Fantasyland,” Barry Bickmore’s website, Climate, 2010. Accessed at http://home.comcast.net/~bbickmore/Climate/KingOfFantasyland.htm.

38. “Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow,” Sourcewatch. Accessed at http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Committee_For_A_Constructive_Tomorrow.

39. Kevin Grandia, “Copenhagen Climate Talks: Monckton ‘Hitler Youth’ Video,” DeSmog Blog, December 10, 2009. Accessed at http://www.desmogblog.com/christopher-monckton-copenhagen-i-will-not-shake-hand-hitler-youth.

40. Not to be confused with the Science and Public Policy Institute founded in 1994 by George Carlo, whose concern was public health related to tobacco use and mobile phone use.

41. There is discussion of the Heartland Institute’s funding at http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heartland_Institute and a listing of its known donors at http://mediamattersaction.org/transparency/organization/Heartland_Institute/funders.

42. The summary is available online: Martin Robbins, “Ukip: Science Test Results,” Guardian, April 27, 2010. Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/apr/27/ukip-science-policy-election. The full answers are available here: “Ukip Answers Questions about Its Science Policy,” Guardian, April 27, 2010. Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/apr/27/ukip-science-policy-general-election.

43. John Abraham, “Monckton Myths,” Skeptical Science. Accessed at http://www.skepticalscience.com/Monckton_Myths.htm.

44. Steve Goddard, “Hyperventilating on Venus,” Watts Up with That? May 6, 2010. Accessed at http://wattsupwiththat.com/2010/05/06/hyperventilating-on-venus/.

45. Steve Goddard, “Venus Envy,” Watts Up with That? May 8, 2010. Accessed at http://wattsupwiththat.com/2010/05/08/venus-envy/. A good analysis of Goddard’s two postings can be found in Chris Colose, “Goddard’s World” Climate Change, May 12, 2010. Accessed at http://chriscolose.wordpress.com/2010/05/12/goddards-world/.

46. Joseph Romm, “Revkin’s DotEarth Hypes Disinformation Posted on an Anti-Science Website,” Climate Progress, February 10, 2010. Accessed at http://climateprogress.org/2010/02/10/revkin-dotearth-science-wattsupwiththat-climate-sensitivity-jerome-ravetz/.

47. Peter Sinclair, The Video Climate Deniers Tried to Ban—Climate Denial Crock of the Week: Anthony Watts, YouTube. Accessed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_0-gX7aUKk.

48. Kevin Grandia, “Climate Crock of the Week: What’s Up with Anthony Watts [take 2],” DeSmog Blog, July 28, 2009. Accessed at http://www.desmogblog.com/climate-crock-week-whats-anthony-watts-take-2.

49. The Center seems not to archive such material. This statement has, however, been widely cited—as a quick Google search shows.

50. George Will, “Climate Science in a Tornado,” Washington Post, February 27, 2009.

51. Michael Asher, “Sea Ice Ends Year at Same Level as 1979,” DailyTech, January 1, 2009. Accessed at http://www.dailytech.com/Article.aspx?newsid=13834.

52. Accessed at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/26/AR2009022602906.html.

53. Accessed at http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/global.sea.ice.area.pdf.

54. Roger Harrabin, “Global Temperatures ‘To Decrease,’” BBC, April 4, 2008.

55. Patrick J. Buchanan, “The Hoax of the Century,” WorldNetDaily, March 1, 2010. Accessed at http://www.wnd.com/index.php?pageId=126661.

56. Daniel C. Nepstad et al., “Large-Scale Impoverishment of Amazonian Forests by Logging and Fire,” Nature, April 8, 1999. Abstract accessed at http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v398/n6727/full/398505a0.htmla.

57. Cited in Eli Kintisch, “Scientist Disputes Claim of ‘Bogus’ IPCC Reference on Threatened Rainforests,” Science, February 3, 2010.

58. Accessed at http://climateprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Lewis_S_Times_PCC_Complaint_As_Sent1.pdf.

59. Ibid.

60. Accessed at http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article 7026317.ece. The rest of the data are here in the text.

61. It’s at http://scienceblogs.com/deltoid/.

62. Tim Lambert, “Leakegate: Jonathan Leake Strikes Back,” Deltoid, March 2, 2010. Accessed at http://scienceblogs.com/deltoid/2010/03/leakegate_jonathan_leake_strik.php.

63. Jonathan Leake, “Ed Miliband’s Adverts Banned for Overstating Climate Change,” Sunday Times, March 14, 2010. Accessed at http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article7061162.ece.

64. George Monbiot, “David Rose’s Climate Science Writing Shows He Has Not Learned from Previous Mistakes,” Guardian Online, December 8, 2010. Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/georgemonbiot/2010/dec/08/david-rose-climate-science.

65. “Global Warming Policy Foundation,” Sourcewatch. Accessed at http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Global_Warming_Policy_Foundation.

66. The newspaper as a whole seems to be in the business of denying science. See “Herald Sun War on Science” at Watching the Deniers (http://watchingthedeniers.wordpress.com/herald-sun-war-on-science/) for a sample.

67. Andrew Bolt, “CSIRO ‘Forgets’ We Were Once Drier,” Herald Sun blog, March 23, 2010. Accessed at http://blogs.news.com.au/heraldsun/andrewbolt/index.php/heraldsun/comments/csiro_forgets_we_were_once_drier/.

68. Australian Government, Bureau of Meteorology, “Australian Climate Variability and Change—Trend Maps,” Bureau of Meteorology. Accessed at http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/climate/change/trendmaps.cgi?map=rain&area=aus&season=0112&period=1970. A good analysis of this column is “Lies, Damned Lies and BoM Maps! How Australia’s Denial Movement Can’t Read a Map,” Watching the Deniers, March 23, 2010. Accessed at http://watchingthedeniers.wordpress.com/2010/03/23/lies-damned-lies-and-statistics-how-australias-denial-movement-cant-read-a-map/.

69. Union of Concerned Scientists, “Crichton Thriller State of Fear.” Accessed at http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/global_warming_contrarians/crichton-thriller-state-of.html.

70. Michael Crichton, “‘Aliens Cause Global Warming,’” Wall Street Journal, November 7, 2008, based on a lecture delivered at the California Institute of Technology on January 17, 2003.

71. John R. Mashey, “Steve McIntyre and Ross McKitrick, part 1: In the Beginning,” February 4, 2010. Accessed at http://deepclimate.org/2010/02/04/steve-mcintyre-and-ross-mckitrick-part-1-in-the-beginning/#comments.

72. Stephen McIntyre and Ross McKitrick, “Hockey Sticks, Principal Components and Spurious Significance,” Geophysical Research Letters 32, no. 3 (February 12, 2005).

73. Jeannette Catsoulis, “Global Warming and Common Sense,” New York Times, November 11, 2010. Accessed at http://movies.nytimes.com/2010/11/12/movies/12cool.html.

74. Accessed at http://lomborg-errors.dk/.

75. J. C. Moore, S. Jevrejeva and A. Grinsted, “Efficacy of Geoengineering to Limit 21st-Century Sea-Level Rise,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, August 23, 2010. Accessed at http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/08/20/1008153107.