Index

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For the benefit of digital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52–53) may, on occasion, appear on only one of those pages.

3M (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing), 27–31, 35–39, 253
AAR (Association of American Railroads), 95
ABA (American Beverage Association), 206–207
ABMRF (Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation), 58–62, 64, 66–67, 72
ACA (Affordable Care Act), 115, 126–127, 192
ACC (American Chemistry Council), 133–134, 159, 241–242, 263, 267–268
accommodationists, 193
ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers Association), 94
acid rain, 186–187
Acosta, Alex, 137
ACSH (American Council for Science and Health), 36–37, 261
addiction, 17–18, 104–107, 109–113
Adler, Robert, 263
Administrative Procedures Act, 260
Advancement of Science Coalition, 188–189
advertising, 57–59, 110–111
advisory committees, 224–225, 232
AEM (Association of Equipment Manufacturers), 95
Affordable Care Act (ACA), 115, 126–127, 192
AFL-CIO, 132–133
air pollution
diesel exhaust and, 77–79, 91–93, 96–100
environmental protections and, 220
low-emission zones and, 168–169
lung cancer and, 16–17
NOx compounds and, 162, 166–167
Six Cities Study and, 95
uncertainty campaigns and, 239–240
Volkswagen and, 163–165
see also diesel engines; smog
AIRC (Italian Association for Cancer Research), 247
alcohol, 57–61, 63–75
alcoholic beverage industry, 22, 57–58, 60–75
Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation (ABMRF), 58–62, 64, 66–67, 72
ALEC (American Legislative Exchange Council), 197–198
Aleve, 235–236
Allergan, 111, 114
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (Alliance), 94
Alzheimer’s disease, 51–52
American Academy of Pain Medicine, 112
American Beverage Association (ABA), 206–207
American Cancer Society, 125
American Chemistry Council (ACC), 133–134, 159, 241–242, 263, 267–268
American Council for Science and Health (ACSH), 36–37, 261
American Journal of Cardiology, 63–64
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 209
American Journal of Medicine, 63–64
American Journal of Public Health, 81
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), 197–198
American Pain Foundation, 110
American Petroleum Institute (API), 94, 189–190, 239, 243–244
American Society of Clinical Oncology, 71, 73
American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists, 201
American Trucking Association (ATA), 94
Anenberg, Susan, 77–78
Anheuser-Busch InBev, 67–68, 70
animal testing, 96–97, 171–178
Annals of Epidemiology, 63–64
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 88
anti-intellectualism, 217–218, 232
Anti-Intellectualism in American Life (Hofstadter), 217
API (American Petroleum Institute), 94, 189–190, 239, 243–244
Appelbaum, Rhona, 203–204
Apuzzo, Michael L. J., 47
asbestiform fibers, 143, 146–147, 151–153
asbestos
Johnson’s Baby Powder and, 145–147
mesothelioma and, 247
talc and, 143, 151–153
see also mesothelioma
ASD (autism spectrum disorders), 240
aspirin, 234–235
Association of American Railroads (AAR), 95
Association of Battery Recyclers, 239–240
Association of Equipment Manufacturers (AEM), 95
Astroturf groups, 116, 190, 192
ATA (American Trucking Association), 94
attorney-client privilege, 150, 156, 246, 257
Audi, 170, 179–180
autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 240
autopsies, 42, 48–49
Azar, Alex, 145
Bakelite, 244–245
Bannon, Steve, 195–196
Barab, Jordan, 122
Battery Council International, 239–240
Bayer, 160, 224–225, 264–265
Beck, Barbara, 38–39, 240
Begley, Sharon, 181
Belluz, Julia, 210–211
“Beneficial Side of Moderate Alcohol Use” (Turner), 60–61
benzene exposure, 243–244
Bernstein, David, 246
beryllium industry, 7–9, 21
Beth Israel Medical Center, 109
Bettman, Gary, 55
Big Tobacco. see tobacco industry
Bilott, Rob, 30–32
Bingham, Eula, 127
Bituminous Coal Operators’ Association, 98
Black, Diane, 99–100
Blair, Steven, 204
blood-borne pathogen standard, 134
Blumenthal, Richard, 55
BMW, 167–168, 178
Board of Scientific Counselors (BSC), 84, 145, 148, 152, 155–156
Boffetta, Paolo, 246–247
Bosch, 162–163, 168
Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, 106
Boston University, 42, 52–53, 55, 63
Bradshaw, Terry, 48–49
Brady, Tom, 1–2, 5–6, 47–48
Brancheau, Dawn, 221
breast cancer, 68, 70–74
Breitbart News Network, 195–196
British Soft Drink Association, 215
Brooks, Mo, 196
Brulle, Robert J., 193–194
Brush Wellman, 21–22
BSC (Board of Scientific Counselors), 84, 145, 148, 152, 155–156
Burke, Tom, 230–231
Burr, Richard, 267–268
Busch, August A., III, 58
Buschon, Larry, 125
Bush, George H. W., 137–138
Bush, George W., 9, 85–87, 121–122, 184, 224
Butler, William, 19–20
C8 (PFOA), 28, 30–39
Caines, Dwight, 53–54
California, 90
California Air Resources Board (CARB), 163, 165–166
Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, 267–268
campaign donors, 194–195
cancer
alcohol and, 64–75
animal studies and, 96–97
benzene and, 243–244
C8 Studies and, 34–35
causation and, 141–142
glyphosate and, 157–160
lung cancer. see lung cancer
product defense industry and, 246–247
see also carcinogens; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
cap-and-trade, 181–182
capitalism, 251–253, 270–271
see also free market
CARB (California Air Resources Board), 163, 165–166
carcinogens
alcohol and, 70–72
DEP and, 79–80, 89–90, 161, 168–170
diesel exhaust and, 95–97
glyphosate and, 157–160
identification of, 141–142
NOx compounds and, 162
silica and, 123–125, 133
talc and, 147–156
cardiopulmonary disease, 89, 91
cardiovascular disease, 34–35, 63–71, 77–78, 89, 200–202, 210–211, 235–236
Cardno ChemRisk, 23, 270
Carter, Jimmy, 127
Casson, Ira, 49–50
CBO (Congressional Budget Office), 230–231
Center for Energy and Environment, 194
Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR), 18
Center for Public Integrity, 25
Center for Regulatory Effectiveness (CRE), 149–155
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 38, 213
Cerro Grande Fire, 227
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), 186–187
Chajet, Henry, 81–82, 87–88
Chamber of Commerce, 137–138, 197–198, 217–218, 220–221
Chao, Elaine, 121–122
Charo, R. Alta, 222
Chase, Gerald, 85–86
chemical industry, 119–121, 133–134, 262–263
chemicals, 28–29, 119–120
Chemours, 34–35, 39
ChemRisk, 32, 34, 135, 245
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 186–187
chocolate, 210–211
Choi, Candace, 207
Chowkwanyun, Merlin, 269
chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), 41–43, 46–52, 55
see also concussions; head trauma; traumatic brain injury (TBI)
CIAR (Center for Indoor Air Research), 18
cigarette smoking, 15–20, 81
see also tobacco industry
cirrhosis, 70–71
Citizens for a Sound Economy (CSE), 190, 192
Citizens United decision, 194–195
City University of New York, 12–13, 269
civil claims, 33–36
see also litigation
Clean Air Act, 91
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, 133–134, 224–225
climate change
accommodationists and, 193
denial and, 181–183, 194
doubt and, 12–13
fossil fuel industry and, 189–190
media and, 195–197
nitrogen and, 77–78
regulation and, 190–192, 197–198
climate change denial machine, 181–190, 193, 195–196, 223
clinical studies
on animals, 97
back-in-time simulations and, 244
C8 and, 34–35
DEP exposure and, 79–84
Diesel Miners Study and, 81–90
flaws in, 19
of lung cancer patients, 16–17
observational epidemiology and, 65–71
opioids and, 105
of PFAS, 29
product defense industry and, 3–5, 124
reanalysis and, 94–95, 242–243
risk assessment and, 255
science and, 233
uncertainty campaigns and, 126
Volkswagen engines and, 171–178
see also clinical trials; research
clinical trials, 65–67, 234–235
see also clinical studies; research
Clinton, Bill, 6–8, 122, 137–138, 266
Clovis, Sam, 223
CO2 Coalition, 189
coal industry, 22, 139–140
Coates, Dennis, 261–262
coffee, 64
Cold War, 7–8, 186
Collins, Francis, 69–70
colon polyps, 235–236
colorectal cancer, 70–71
Columbia University, 12–13, 269
Competitive Enterprise Institute, 194
CONCAWE (CONservation of Clean Air and Water in Europe), 95
Concussion (film), 53–54
Congressional Budget Office (CBO), 230–231
congressional committees, 82
Congressional Review Act, 136
ConocoPhillips, 117–118
CONservation of Clean Air and Water in Europe (CONCAWE), 95
construction workers, 118–119, 122–123, 127–129, 132–133, 135–136, 139
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 141–142, 263
consumers, 142, 220, 251–253
contraception, 222
control banding, 263
Conway, Eric, 186–187
Conway, Kellyanne, 194
Conyers, John, 50–51
Coors, William K., 58
corporations
AstroTurf groups and, 116
carcinogens and, 142
crises and, 2–3
disclosure and, 261
disinformation campaigns and, 228–230
“independent” research and, 245–247
litigation and, 264–266
litigation support and, 23, 157
politics and, 193–195
product defense industry and, 252–253
regulation and, 185, 190, 192, 197–198, 221–222, 267, 270–271
Republican Party and, 217–220
risk assessment and, 255
SAPROs and, 62–63
scientific research and, 161
sustainability movement and, 254
uncertainty campaigns and, 4–5, 92
workplace safety and, 11
Cosmetic, Toiletry & Fragrance Association (CTFA), 145–146, 148–151, 155
cost-benefit analysis, 129–130, 134–136, 193, 251–252
Council for Tobacco Research, 16–17
Council on Environmental Quality, 223
Covington and Burling, 18
Cox, Louis Anthony (Tony), 133–134, 224–225, 270
Cox Associates, 270
CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission), 141–142, 263
CRE (Center for Regulatory Effectiveness), 149–155
Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 25, 38–39, 159
CropLife International, 248
Crowell and Moring, 93, 98
CSE (Citizens for a Sound Economy), 190, 192
CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry & Fragrance Association), 145–146, 148–151, 155
Cummins Engine, 96
Daimler, 167–168, 178
dark money, 11–12, 261
Dark Money (Mayer), 190
Data Access Act, 19–20, 91–93
data dredging, 94, 258
Data Quality Act, 149–150, 154–155
Deepwater Horizon explosion, 216
defeat devices, 163–174, 178–180
Defense Research Institute, 9–10
Deflategate, 1–2, 5–6
dementia, 51–52
DEP (diesel exhaust particulates), 78–89, 93–98, 161, 168–170
Department of Agriculture, 216, 223
Department of Defense, 141–142
Department of Energy (DOE), 6–9, 21, 226–227
Department of Health and Human Services, 145–146, 154–155, 222
Department of Justice (DOJ), 31–32, 113–114, 166, 268–269
Department of Labor, 86, 137–138, 181–182, 224–225, 266
Department of Transportation, 181–182, 225–226
Der Spiegel (magazine), 168, 172
deregulation, 129, 228
DeWine, Mike, 110
diabetes, 67–69, 200–201, 206
diesel engines
Diesel Miners Study and, 81
emissions and, 77–79
Europe and, 161–162
glider kit trucks and, 99–101
improvements in, 90, 96–98, 162–163
Volkswagen and, 163–164, 170–175, 178–180
diesel equipment industry, 77–79, 81–83, 88, 90–91, 93–96, 98–101
diesel exhaust particulates (DEP), 78–89, 93–98, 161, 168–170
Diesel Miners Study, 81–91, 93–95, 168–169, 259
Dieselgate, 161, 163–169, 178–180
Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, 209–210
dioxin, 150
disclosure, 233–234, 246–248, 259–261
discounting, 129
DISCUS (Distilled Spirits Council of the U.S.), 66, 72–73
disease, 7–8, 34–35, 65, 103
Distilled Spirits Council of the U.S. (DISCUS), 66, 72–73
distortion, 74
distraction, 74
Division of Metabolism and Health Effects (NIAAA), 66
Dodd-Frank Act, 126–127
DOE (Department of Energy), 6–9, 21, 226–227
DOJ (Department of Justice), 31–32, 113–114, 166, 268–269
Doll, Richard, 16
doubt
climate change and, 190–192
Diesel Miners Study and, 90–91
PFAS and, 30
product defense industry and, 25–26, 168
public health and, 6–9, 11–12
Republican Party and, 220
tobacco industry and, 16–18, 92–93
uncertainty campaigns and, 4–5, 37–38
see also uncertainty campaigns
Doubt Is Their Product (Michaels), 9–10, 117
Dourson, Michael, 32, 241–242, 267–268, 270
Dow AgroSciences, 241–242
Dow Chemical, 27
Drug and Alcohol Review, 73–74
Drug Enforcement Administration, 115
drug industry. see pharmaceutical manufacturers
Duerson, Dave, 41–42
Duffy, Philip, 196
DuPont, 27–39, 157, 241–242, 255–256, 263–264
Ebell, Myron, 194
Egilman, David, 244–245
EISs (environmental impact statements), 225–228
EMA (Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association), 94
employment. see workers; workplace safety
Endo Pharmaceutical, 108, 110–111, 114
energy balance, 203–206
engine manufacturers, 89–91, 98–101
Ensminger, Jerry, 267–268
ENVIRON, 18, 23, 246
environmental impact statements (EIS), 225–228
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
asbestos and, 145–146
auto industry and, 78
beryllium industry and, 21–22
diesel exhaust and, 90, 96, 98–100
disinformation campaigns and, 228–231
DuPont and, 31–34
Fiat Chrysler and, 167
HEI and, 91, 256
NOx compounds and, 163
NTP and, 141–142
ozone standards and, 239
PFAS and, 37–38
SAB and, 224
smoking regulation and, 18, 188–189
Volkswagen and, 161, 165–166
environmental protections, 4–5, 9, 11–13, 220, 267
environmentalists, 186–187, 197–198
epidemiology
air pollution and, 162
alcoholic beverage industry and, 58–60
clinical studies and, 19, 26, 46–47
defined, 6–7
Diesel Miners Study and, 85–86
disease causation and, 125
EPA and, 229–230
lung cancer and, 16
observational studies and, 64–68
PFAS and, 35
science and, 22
silica and, 132–135
talc studies and, 143–144, 148–149, 153–156
uncertainty campaigns, 242–243
see also public health
Esiason, Boomer, 44
ethics, 161, 171–175, 178, 212–213, 242–243, 269–270
ethylene oxide (EtO), 268
EUGT (European Research Group on Environment and Health in the Transport Sector), 94, 168–179
European Association of Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers (EUROMOT), 95
European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA), 94
European Commission, 163
European Food Safety Agency, 37–38
European Foundation for Alcohol Research, 62
European Research Group on Environment and Health in the Transport Sector (EUGT), 94, 168–179
Ewing, Jack, 165
excise taxes. see taxes
exercise science, 204
Expert Committee on Occupational Safety, 95
Exponent, 3, 5–6, 8–9, 38–39, 93–94, 124, 246
ExxonMobil, 189–190, 193–194, 197–198
Failure Analysis, 18–20
family planning, 222
Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, 219
Faster, Higher, Farther: The Volkswagen Scandal (Ewing), 165
fats, 200–203
Fayetteville, North Carolina, 39
FDA (Food and Drug Administration), 104–105, 107–108, 110–111, 115, 145–146, 224–225, 235
federal agencies, 66–70, 98, 228
Federal Mine Safety and Health Act (1977), 82–83
Federal Register, 136
Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 211
fentanyl, 103–104, 111–112, 115
fetal alcohol syndrome, 61
Fiat Chrysler, 167
Fitzgerald Glider Kits, 99–100
FOIA (Freedom of Information Act), 69, 91–92, 146–147
Fontham, Elizabeth, 19–20
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 104–105, 107–108, 110–111, 115, 145–146, 224–225, 235
football players, 41–52
see also NFL (National Football League)
Ford Motor Company, 245
“forever chemicals.” see PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances)
fossil fuel industry
benzene standard and, 243–244
capitalism and, 252
climate change denial and, 184, 189–190, 193–194, 198
Hartnett-White and, 223
ozone and, 238–239
regulation and, 190–192
renewable energy and, 196–197
foster system, 112–113
Foucart, Stéphane, 158
Foulke, Ed, 121–122
Foundation for Alcohol Research, 58
Fox News, 195–196
France, Chet, 99–100
Franklin, Gary, 112, 114–115
free market, 181–182, 185–187, 190, 192, 214–215, 252–254, 270–271
see also capitalism
Freedhoff, Yoni, 204
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 69, 91–92, 146–147
French Paradox, 65
Friedman, Milton, 252
front groups, 188, 190–191, 203–206, 247–248, 261–262
FTC (Federal Trade Commission), 211
funding effect, 207–208, 233, 248–249, 255–256
see also motivated reasoning
Furchtgott-Roth, Diana, 181–182
Gaffney, P. Terrence, 33
Gamble, John F., 95
Garland, Merrick, 137–138, 221
gas industry. see fossil fuel industry
GEBN (Global Energy Balance Network), 203–206
General Mills, 211
GenX, 39
George C. Marshall Institute, 186–188
George Washington University, 10–11, 77–78, 137–138
Georgia-Pacific (GP), 246
Gillam, Carey, 158
Giuliani, Rudy, 113
glider kit trucks, 98–101
Global Energy Balance Network (GEBN), 203–206
global warming. see climate change
glyphosate, 157–160
Goldstein, Bernard, 229
Goodell, Roger, 2, 5–6, 50–51
Goodling, William, 84–85
Gore, Al, 184–185
Gori, Gio Batta, 24–25
GP (Georgia-Pacific), 246
Gradient, 23, 25, 38–39, 239–240, 270
Graham, John, 154–155
Grandjean, Philippe, 35, 37
greenhouse gas emissions, 181–185, 196–198
Grotham, Glenn, 217–218
gun control, 117–118
Haddox, J. David, 109
Halberstam, David, 44
Hand, Gregory, 204
Hartnett-White, Kathleen, 223
Harvard School of Public Health, 64, 91, 202–203, 209
Hasbro, 11
Hass, Henry, 201
Health Effects Institute (HEI), 91–93, 96–97, 256, 269–270
healthcare industry, 134
heart disease. see cardiovascular disease
HEI (Health Effects Institute), 91–93, 96–97, 256, 269–270
Henderson, Karen, 137–138
Hernandez, Aaron, 41–42
heroin, 103, 111–112, 115
n-hexane, 120
Hill, Austin Bradford, 16
Hill, James, 204
Hill, John W., 16–17, 199
Hill & Knowlton, 16–17, 21–22, 111, 199
Hirayama, Takeshi, 17–19
HIV, 108, 222
HNS (NFL Head, Neck, and Spine) Committee, 51–53
Hockett, Robert C., 199–200
Hofstadter, Richard, 217
Holm, Stewart E., 246
Honest and Open New EPA Science Treatment Act (HONEST Act), 230–231
Honeycutt, Michael, 224, 238
Horel, Stéphane, 158
Horner, Chris, 194, 228–229
House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, 158
House Education and Workforce Committee, 84–85, 87, 125, 217–218
House Science Committee, 82, 196, 229
Hu, Frank, 209
hydrocodone, 115
Hyundai-Kia, 166
ICAP (International Center for Alcohol Policy), 63–64, 74
ICCT (International Council on Clean Transportation), 164–167
Illinois Department of Public Health, 268
ILSI (International Life Sciences Institute), 152, 248–249
immune deficiency, 35, 37–39
independent panels, 32–34, 36–38, 255–256
Industrial Minerals Association - North America, 93
infrastructure investment, 225–227
Inhalation Toxicology, 177
Inhofe, James, 183
Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur Les Boissons (Institute for Scientific Research on Drinks), 62
Institute for Social Research, 48
Institute on Lifestyle and Health, 63
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
alcohol and, 70–73
cancer causation and, 141–142
carcinogens and, 157
conflicts of interest and, 259
diesel exhaust and, 80, 89–90, 95–97, 170
glyphosate and, 157–160
IARC Monographs, 157
silica and, 124–125
smoking and, 24
talc and, 147
International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. see International Center for Alcohol Policy (ICAP)
International Center for Alcohol Policy (ICAP), 63–64, 74
International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), 164–167
International Harvester, 82
International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), 152, 248–249
International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), 94
Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC), 247
J-curve, 59–61, 63–65, 68
JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association), 35, 100, 235
Janey Ensminger Act, 267–268
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, 111
Jarvis, Steve, 148, 152–153
Jastrow, Robert, 186
Jick, Hershel, 106
job safety. see workers; workplace safety
Johns Hopkins Medical Journal, 60–61
Johns Hopkins University, 61–62, 256
Johns Hopkins University Medical School, 58
Johnson, Stuart, 173, 177
Johnson & Johnson, 111, 114, 143–147, 149, 151, 155–156, 253–254, 264–265
Johnson’s Baby Powder, 143, 145–147
Journal of Inhalation Toxicology, 246
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 109
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 35, 100, 235
Karns, Elizabeth, 256
Kavanaugh, Brett, 148, 221–222
Kavanaugh, E. Edward, 148
Kearns, Cristin, 201
Keller and Heckman, 24–25
Koch, Charles, 190
Koch, David, 190
Koch, Fred, 190
Koch Industries, 190–193, 197–198, 218, 220–221, 241–242, 261
Koob, George, 66–69
Kraft, Robert, 2
Kristol, Irving, 217
Krugman, Paul, 270
La Vecchia, Carlo, 246–247
labor groups, 137–139, 267
Landesman, Peter, 53–54
Lanier, Mark, 143–145, 156
lead pollution, 239–240, 256
Leonard, John, 6
Lerner, Sharon, 35
Liang, James, 172–173, 178–179
life expectancy, 59–61, 64–72, 112–113
Lipton, Eric, 99–100
litigation
3M and, 38–39
back-in-time simulations and, 244
chemical industry and, 121
corporations and, 197
Diesel Miners Study and, 84–85
Johnson & Johnson and, 143–145
NFL and, 51–52
NHL and, 55
pharmaceutical manufacturers and, 113–114, 116
public health and, 263–266
regulation and, 270–271
silica regulation and, 137–139
Volkswagen and, 167, 173
see also civil claims
litigation support, 23, 38–39
lobbyists
climate change denial and, 193–194, 197–198
EUGT and, 168–169
MARG and, 81–84, 86
Republican Party and, 220–221
science and, 12–13, 222–223
talc industry and, 153–154
Lomborg, Bjørn, 193
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 73, 205
Long, Terry, 50
Los Alamos National Laboratory, 226–227
Los Angeles Times, 107
Louisiana State University, 19
Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 96–98, 171–178
Low Emission Zones, 168–169, 179
lung cancer
air pollution and, 91
beryllium and, 21
DEP and, 78–80, 82–83, 85–89, 95–97, 170
secondhand smoke and, 17–20
silica and, 119, 123–125, 132–133
smoking and, 15–18, 183–188
talc and, 151–153
talc miners and, 146–147
tobacco industry and, 188–189, 199
Luzenac America, 148–149, 152–155
MACH (Moderate Alcohol and Cardiovascular Health) trial, 67–70
MacMahon, Brian, 64, 72
Malaspina, Alex, 248
Malik, Vasanti, 209
Manhattan Institute, 181–182
Manhattan Project, 27–28
Manning, Teresa, 222–223
Marder, Howard, 21
MARG (Mining Awareness Research Group Diesel Coalition), 81–87
Markowitz, Gerald, 123, 269
Mars Inc., 210–211
Marshall, Ray, 127
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 6
Materion. see Brush Wellman
Mayer, Jane, 190
McCain, John, 184
McClellan, Roger, 93
McConnell, Mitch, 137–138
McDonald, Jacob, 173–177
McKee, Anne, 42
Medicaid, 20–21, 214, 218–219
medical monitoring, 31–34, 137–139
Meier, Barry, 113
Melkerson, Michael, 173–174
Merck & Co., 234–237
mesothelioma, 146, 247
see also asbestos
Methane Awareness Research Group Diesel Coalition (MARG). see Mining Awareness Research Group Diesel Coalition (MARG)
microplastics, 252–253
Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (MTBI) Committee, 44–51, 54
Milken Institute School of Public Health, 10
Milloy, Steven, 100–101, 194
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), 80, 82–87, 89–90, 98, 122, 139–140
Minerals Management Service (MMS), 216
miners, 79–87, 90–91, 122, 139–140, 146–147, 156
Mining Awareness Research Group Diesel Coalition (MARG), 81–87
mining industry, 81–86, 88, 98
Minnesota, 38–39
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing. see 3M (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing)
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing (3M), 27–31, 35–39, 253
MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), 6
MMS (Minerals Management Service), 216
Moderate Alcohol and Cardiovascular Health (MACH) trial, 67–70
Monforton, Celeste, 81, 84, 86
Monsanto, 157–160
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 187
motivated reasoning, 169, 207–210, 212, 233–237
see also funding effect
MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration), 80, 82–87, 89–90, 98, 122, 139–140
Mt. Sinai Medical Center, 145–146
MTBI (Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries) Committee, 44–51, 54
Mukamal, Kenneth, 67–68, 70
Muller, Matthias, 178
Multinational Legal Services, 150
Mundt, Ken, 135
Murdoch, Rupert, 195–196
Murray Energy, 98
n-hexane, 120
NAHB (National Association of Home Builders), 135–138
National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, 220
National Asphalt Pavement Association, 133
National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), 135–138
National Cancer Center Research Institute, 17–19, 24–25
National Cancer Institute (NCI), 80–81, 83–86, 93–94, 141–142, 208–209
National Environmental Planning Act (NEPA), 226–227
National Football League. see NFL
National Hockey League (NHL), 55
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 80–81, 83–86, 93–94, 120–122, 132–134, 146, 243–244
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 141–142, 154–155
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 58–59, 66–70, 72–74
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 52–53, 66, 68–70, 89, 257
National Mining Association, 224–225
National Rifle Association (NRA), 117–118
National Right to Life Committee, 222
National Toxicology Program (NTP), 19–20, 35, 38–39, 70–71, 124–125, 141–142, 145–147
Executive Committee Interagency Working Group for the Report on Carcinogens, 151–154
Nature, 260–261
Navarro, Peter, 222
Navistar International, 82–83, 88
NCI (National Cancer Institute), 80–81, 83–86, 93–94, 141–142, 208–209
NEPA (National Environmental Planning Act), 226–227
Nesbit, Jeff, 190
Nestle, Marion, 210
neurological disorders, 48, 51–52
Neurosurgery, 45–50
New England Journal of Medicine, 105–106, 115, 202, 206, 236, 243–244
New England Patriots, 1–2, 5–6, 41–42
New York Times, 53–54, 61, 67–69, 99–100, 203
NFL (National Football League), 1–2, 5–6, 12–13, 41–54
NFL Athletic Trainers Society, 44–45
NFL Head, Neck, and Spine (HNS) Committee, 51–53
NFL Players Association, 51–52
NFL Team Physicians Society, 44–45
NGOs (nongovernmental organizations), 266–267
n-hexane, 120
NHL (National Hockey League), 55
NIAAA (Division of Metabolism and Health Effects), 66
NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism), 58–59, 66–70, 72–74
NIEHS (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), 141–142, 154–155
NIEHS Review Committee for the Report on Carcinogens, 151–152
Nierenberg, William, 186–187
NIH (National Institutes of Health), 52–53, 66, 68–70, 89, 257
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), 80–81, 83–86, 93–94, 120–122, 132–134, 146, 243–244
Nixon, Richard, 80, 119–120
non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 234
nondrinkers, 59–60
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 266–267
Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals, 95
North American Flame Retardant Alliance, 241–242
North Carolina, 39
NOx emissions, 77–78, 90, 99–100, 161–167, 170–176, 178–179
NRA (National Rifle Association), 117–118
NSAIDs (non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs), 234
nuclear waste, 6–8, 226–227
nutritionists, 200, 205–206, 210
Obama, Barack
Garland and, 137–138
greenhouse gas emissions and, 193–194
OSHA and, 10–11, 117
Secret Science Reform Act and, 230
silica regulation and, 126–128, 130, 260–261
Tea Party and, 192
Trump administration and, 100–101
obesity epidemic, 200–201, 203–207, 216
observational epidemiology, 65–71
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
3M and, 253
benzene standard and, 243–244
beryllium and, 8
diesel exhaust and, 98
Diesel Miners Study and, 89
gun control and, 117–118
NFL and, 54–55
NTP and, 141–142
Obama administration and, 10–11
opioid epidemic and, 112
public hearings and, 130–134
SeaWorld and, 221–222
silica and, 119–120, 126–130, 135–139
smoking regulation and, 18, 20
standards and, 120–123
workplace safety and, 25–26, 262, 265–266
Ochsner, Alton, 15
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, 154–155
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 93, 127, 149–150
Office of Research and Technology, 181–182
Office of Transportation and Air Quality, 99–100
Ogden, Trevor, 88
Ohio, 31–32
OICA (International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers), 94
oil industry. see fossil fuel industry
Olden, Ken, 154–155
Omalu, Bennet, 48–50, 53–54
OMB (Office of Management and Budget), 93, 127, 149–150
Opana ER, 108, 110–111
opioid epidemic, 12–13, 103–107, 110–114
orcas, 221
Oreskes, Naomi, 186–187
organizing, 270–271
ovarian cancer, 143–144, 146–149, 155–156
Oxford University, 205, 215
oxycodone, 104–105
OxyContin, 104–107, 111, 113–114, 116
ozone, 186–187, 238–239
pain, 103–105, 110, 112, 114–115
Pain (journal), 109
Pain Killer (Meier), 113
painkillers, 103–106
pancreatic cancer, 64
Papadopoulos, George, 223
Paris Climate Accord, 194, 196–197, 219–220
Park, Robert, 133–134
particulates, 78–82
Patagonia, 252–253
Patton Boggs, 81, 87–88
Paustenbach, Dennis, 9–10, 32, 244–245
peer-review, 3, 23–25, 47, 52–54, 106, 155
PELs (permissible exposure limits), 119–122, 126–129
Pellman, Elliot, 45, 47–50, 53
Pence, Mike, 108, 218–219
Pentagon, 231
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 27–33, 35–39, 241–242, 253, 262
Perez, Tom, 132, 137
perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), 28, 30–31, 35, 37–39
perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 28, 30–39
permissible exposure limits (PELs), 119–122, 126–129
Pernod Ricard, 68
Perry, Rick, 6–7
Personal Care Products Council. see Cosmetic, Toiletry & Fragrance Association (CTFA)
petroleum industry. see fossil fuel industry
Petticrew, Mark, 73
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), 27–33, 35–39, 241–242, 253, 262
PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), 28, 30–39
PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate), 28, 30–31, 35, 37–39
pharmaceutical manufacturers, 103, 105–107, 109–111, 113–116
Philip Morris, 20, 188–189, 192
physicians, 103, 105–107, 109–110, 115
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 49
Poison Tea (Nesbit), 190
politics, 66–70, 81–86, 183–187, 193–195
pollution, 4, 6–8, 23, 28–30, 35–38
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 27–33, 35–39, 241–242, 253, 262
POM Wonderful, 211
Portage, Wisconsin, 91
Portenoy, Russell, 109–110, 112
processed foods, 210, 213–214
product defense industry
3M and, 35, 38–39
alcoholic beverage industry and, 58, 60–65, 72–75
back-in-time simulations and, 244
background of, 3–6
beryllium industry and, 21–22
Big Tobacco and, 17–21
carcinogens and, 142
conflicts of interest and, 234–237, 259–261
corporations and, 252–254
diesel equipment industry, 77–79
Diesel Miners Study and, 81–85, 87–88, 90–91, 93–96
documents and, 268–269
DuPont and, 32–34
“equal time” and, 187–188
front groups and, 247–248
glyphosate and, 157–160
gun rights advocates and, 118
IARC and, 157
“independent” research and, 245–247
litigation and, 263–266
manufactured doubt and, 168
MSHA and, 85–86
PFAS and, 36–37
pharmaceutical manufacturers and, 106–110
processed foods and, 210–213
reanalysis and, 242–243
regulation and, 257–258
risk assessment and, 240–242
science and, 23–26, 232–233
scientific literature and, 258
Shelby Amendment and, 91–93
silica and, 119, 133–136, 138
Silica Coalition and, 124
SSBs and, 214–216
talc industry and, 143–145, 148–155
Trump administration and, 12, 223–225
uncertainty campaigns and, 141, 270
Volkswagen and, 174–177
Weed and, 208–209
weight-of-the-evidence analyses and, 237–240
see also uncertainty campaigns
product defense strategies, 74–75
Professional Football Athletic Trainers Society. see NFL Athletic Trainers Society
progressive massive fibrosis, 139–140
Prohibition, 58–59
Pruitt, Scott, 99–101, 224, 241–242
pseudoaddiction, 107, 109
public good, 220, 270–271
public health
air pollution and, 91
alcohol consumption and, 57–61, 63–72, 74–75
attacks on, 36–37
Bush administration and, 9
capitalism and, 251–253, 270–271
carcinogens and, 142
climate change and, 184
consumers and, 220
DEP and, 79–80
deregulation and, 228–229
diesel exhaust and, 77–80, 96
doubt and, 4–5, 11–12
epidemiology and, 6–7
gun control and, 117–118
NGOs and, 266–267
obesity and, 203–207
opioid epidemic and, 107
OSHA and, 10–11
PFAS and, 30–32, 37–38
PFOA and, 33
product defense industry and, 81–83
public hearings and, 131–132
risk and, 25–26
risk assessment and, 241–242
science and, 22–23
SSBs and, 206–210, 213–215
talc and, 143–144, 155–156
tobacco industry and, 15
uncertainty campaigns and, 72–73
weight-of-the-evidence analyses and, 237–240
see also epidemiology
public hearings, 130–136
public policy, 6–8, 12–13
public relations
alcoholic beverage industry and, 60–62, 74
beryllium industry and, 21–22
climate change and, 183, 194
Coca-Cola and, 203–206
doubt and, 4–5
MACH trial and, 68–69
misinformation campaigns and, 111
pharmaceutical manufacturers and, 106–110, 113–114, 116
public health and, 185–187
SAPROs and, 62–64
secondhand smoke and, 188–189
SSBs and, 204
sugar industry and, 201–202
tobacco industry and, 16–18
Volkswagen and, 170
pulmonary disease, 77–78, 89
see also air pollution; lung cancer
Purdue Pharma, 104–107, 109–111, 113–116
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco, 187–188, 228–229
Rabin, Roni Caryn, 68–69
Ramboll Environ, 23, 135, 159, 268, 270
Rand Corporation, 222
Reagan, Ronald, 149–150
reanalysis, 242–243, 257–258
regulation
accommodationists and, 193
ACSH and, 36–37
Big Tobacco and, 20–21
Bush administration and, 121–122
capitalism and, 270–271
conflicts of interest and, 259–262
corporations and, 197–198, 254–255, 267
CRE and, 149–150
diesel exhaust and, 81–86, 89–91, 98–101
disinformation campaigns and, 228–231
at DOE, 8
doubt and, 2–4
free market and, 185–187, 252
industry and, 126–127, 129–130
infrastructure and, 225–227
Koch brothers and, 190
litigation and, 263–266
NOx compounds and, 163–164
opioids and, 106
OSHA and, 120–121
PFAS and, 35, 38
processed foods and, 210–213
product defense industry, 134
product defense industry and, 25–26, 257–258
public health and, 22–23
public hearings and, 130–131
public-private work and, 66–67, 70, 72–73
safety and, 255
science and, 12–13
Shelby Amendment and, 92
silica and, 119–120, 122–124, 127–129, 137–138
Supreme Court and, 220–221
talc and, 155–156
Trump administration and, 217–220
USDA and, 216
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 24–25, 155
Renault, 167
renewable energy, 193, 196–197
Report of Carcinogens, 142–143, 145, 148, 151–152, 154–157
Republican Party, 183–185, 194–195, 198, 217–221, 225–226, 228–232
research
ABMRF and, 58
alcoholic beverage industry and, 58–62
conflicts of interest and, 211–213, 233–237
front groups and, 247–249
government funding and, 257–258
“independent” research and, 245–247
industry and, 92
NFL head trauma and, 54
peer-reviewed journals and, 23–25, 36
PFAS and, 37
product defense industry and, 23–25, 94–95
vilification of, 4–5
see also clinical studies; clinical trials
research and promotion (R&P) boards, 212–213
respirators, 127–128, 131–132
respiratory disease, 77–78, 89
see also air pollution; lung cancer
responsibility, 57–59, 62–63, 65
Responsible Science Policy Coalition, 39
Richardson, Bill, 8
Rinsky, Robert, 243–244
risk, 25–26, 74, 128–129
risk assessment, 65, 123–125, 240–242, 255, 259
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 84–85
Rogers, Judith, 221
Romney, Mitt, 190–192
Roper Organization, 17–18
Rosner, David, 123, 269
Roth, H. Daniel, 20, 22, 72
Roundup, 157
R&P (research and promotion) boards, 212–213
Ruckelshaus, William, 240
SAB (Science Advisory Board), 224
Sackler family, 111, 113–114
Salazar, Ken, 216
Sánchez, Linda, 51
SAPROs (social aspects and public relations organizations), 62–63, 73–74
Schatz, Brian, 184
Schmidt, Oliver, 165–166, 173, 178–179
Schwartz, Alan, 54
science
alcohol consumption and, 57–61
alcoholic beverage industry and, 61–62
animal testing and, 96–97, 171–174
anti-intellectualism and, 217–221
cancer causation and, 141
climate change and, 182–185
climate change denial and, 195–196
Coca-Cola and, 203–206
conflicts of interest and, 212, 233–237
corporations and, 161
CTE and, 42–43
Diesel Miners Study and, 85–86
disinformation campaigns and, 228–231
manufacturing doubt and, 9, 33, 90–93
motivated reasoning and, 169
NGOs and, 266–267
opioid epidemic and, 104, 107–109
policy and, 12–13
product defense industry and, 2–5, 22–26, 81–84, 88, 155
sugar industry and, 202
tobacco industry and, 15, 20–21, 199
Trump administration and, 222–225, 232
uncertainty campaigns and, 36–37
Science Advisory Board (SAB), 224
Science and Environment Policy Project, 188–189
Science (journal), 88
Scientific American, 9
scientific literature
back-in-time simulations and, 244
climate change and, 182
Coca-Cola and, 205–206
conflicts of interest and, 171–172, 174–177, 259–260
disclosure and, 269
EUGT and, 174–177
MTBI and, 45–47, 50
opioids and, 105–106
peer-reviewed journals and, 3, 23–25
product defense industry and, 33, 241
reanalysis and, 243–244
review of, 141, 258
silica and, 132–133
SSBs and, 206–210
talc and, 149
weight-of-the-evidence analyses and, 237–240
Scotchgard, 28–31, 35
SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), 163–165
Seau, Junior, 41–42, 44
SeaWorld, 221
SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission), 178
secondhand smoke, 17–20, 24–25, 188–189, 219
Secret Science Reform Act, 229–231
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 178
Seitz, Frederick, 186–189
selection bias, 46–47, 60
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), 163–165
Selikoff, Irving, 145–146
Seventh Generation, 252–253
Shelby, Richard, 91–92
Shelby Amendment, 19–20, 91–93
Shell, 189–190
silica, 118–119, 121–140
Silica Coalition, 123–124
silicosis, 119, 123–125, 131–133
Simons, Joseph H., 27–28
Sinclair, Upton, 169, 258, 270–271
Singer, Fred, 186–189, 196
Six Cities Study, 91–93, 95, 259
Smith, DeMaurice, 51–52
Smith, Lamar, 196, 229–231
Smith, Will, 53–54
smog, 77–78
see also air pollution
smoking, 15–20, 81
see also tobacco industry
Smoking and Health Program, 24–25
social aspects and public relations organizations (SAPROs), 62–63, 73–74
Society for the Plastics Industry, 24–25
Society of Toxicology, 174–175
Solis, Hilda, 132
Soviet Union, 186
Spallek, Michael, 168–169, 171, 175–177
Der Spiegel (magazine), 168, 172
SpiritsEUROPE, 68
Sports and Health Research Program, 52
Sports Illustrated, 44
SRF (Sugar Research Foundation), 199–202
Stadler, Rupert, 179–180
State Administration of Workplace Safety (China), 253
Steenland, Kyle, 124–125
Steg, Thomas, 178
Sterigenics, 268
Stern, Robert, 52–53
Steubenville, Ohio, 91
Stroh, Peter, 58
stroke, 77–78
sugar industry, 199–203, 208–210, 214, 248–249
Sugar Research Foundation (SRF), 199–202
sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), 206–210, 213–215
see also Coca-Cola
sulfur, 78
Supreme Court, 194–195, 220–221
sustainability movement, 254
Tagliabue, Paul, 44–45, 50–51
talc, 143–156
talc industry, 143, 150–156
Tatel, David, 137–138
taxes, 58–59, 161–162, 188–190, 209, 213–216, 269–270
TCE (trichloroethylene), 267–268
TCEQ (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality), 238–239
Tea Party, 191–194
Tejeda-Rios, Gabriela, 268
Tennant, Wilbur, 30–32
Tennessee Technological University, 99–101
***************
TERA (Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment), 32, 34, 37–38, 241–242, 267–268, 270
Terracini, Benedetto, 247
Teva, 111, 114
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), 238–239
Texas Public Policy Foundation, 223
Thacker, Paul, 33
Tilikum, 221
Tillis, Thom, 267–268
TIRC (Tobacco Industry Research Committee), 16–17, 199
tobacco industry
alcoholic beverage industry and, 57–58, 72
climate change denial and, 185–188
disclosure and, 261
disinformation campaigns and, 228–229
documents and, 268–269
doubt and, 17
excise taxes and, 213–214, 269–270
front groups and, 188
funding effect and, 233
litigation and, 264–265
lung cancer and, 183–185, 199
Milloy and, 100–101
public health and, 15, 214
reanalysis and, 243–244
regulation and, 192
Republican Party and, 217–219
research and, 24–25
secondhand smoke studies and, 17–20
Shelby Amendment and, 92–93
SSBs and, 206
uncertainty campaigns, 149–150, 220–221
uncertainty campaigns and, 8–9, 36, 43, 50–51
Tobacco Industry Research Committee (TIRC), 16–17, 199
Toxic Docs, 12–13, 269
toxic products, 22, 26, 28–32, 119–120, 240–242, 251–254, 266–267
Toxic Substances Control Act, 26, 31–32
Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA), 32, 34, 37–38, 241–242, 267–268, 270
Tozzi, Jim, 149–151, 153–155, 188–189
traffic accidents, 61
traumatic brain injury (TBI), 46–48
see also chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE); concussions; head trauma
trichloroethylene (TCE), 267–268
Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA), 94
trucking industry, 89–90, 98–101
Trump, Donald
appointments and, 222–225
attacks on science and, 12–13
climate change denial and, 181–182, 194
Cox and, 133–134
deregulation and, 129, 225–227, 231–232
Dourson and, 32, 242
election of, 137
Fitzgerald family and, 99–100
greenhouse gas emissions and, 196–197
HONEST Act and, 230–231
Obama administration and, 100–101
PFAS and, 38
regulation and, 167–168
Republican Party and, 217
silica regulation and, 139–140
truth decay, 222
Truth Tobacco Industry Documents, 268–269
Turner, Thomas B., 58–61, 72
Turner, Eric, 154
U-235 (uranium isotope), 27–28
UCSF (University of California - San Francisco), 200–202, 268–269
uncertainty campaigns
carcinogens and, 141
climate change and, 183, 185–186, 189–192
Diesel Miners Study and, 83–84, 86
disclosure and, 260–261
epidemiology and, 242–243
front groups and, 247–248
glyphosate and, 159–160
Johnson & Johnson and, 253–254
litigation and, 266
NFL and, 44–52
NHL and, 55
opioids and, 107–109
product defense industry and, 233
reanalysis and, 257–258
risk assessment and, 241–242
silica and, 126, 133–136, 138, 140
SSBs and, 209
sugar and, 199–203
talc and, 143–144, 152–154, 156
tobacco industry and, 36
Wehner and, 149–150
weight-of-the-evidence analyses and, 237–240
see also doubt; product defense industry
Union Carbide, 244–245
United Mineworkers of America, 82–83
United Steelworkers, 87, 132
University of California - San Francisco (UCSF), 200–202, 268–269
University of Colorado, 204
University of Maryland, 135–136
University of Pittsburgh, 48–49
uranium isotope U-235, 27–28
US Right to Know, 203
vaccines, 222
Van Houten, Joseph, 253–254
Veneto, Italy, 38
Viano, David, 45, 47–50
Vioxx, 234–236
Virginia Tech massacre, 117
Volkswagen Group, 79, 89, 99–100, 161–180
Wall Street Journal, 195–196
Warren, Ken, 67
Washington Works, 30–31
water contamination, 28–32, 34–36, 39
Watson, Andrew, 50
Waxman, Henry, 50–51
Webster, Mike, 48–50, 53–54
Weed, Douglas, 208–209
Wehner, Alfred P., 149–150, 155
Wehrum, William, 138
Weiderpass, Elisabete, 73, 158–159
weight-of-the-evidence analyses, 237–240
Weinberg, Myron, 20
Weinberg Group, 20, 22, 33, 148–150, 270
West Virginia, 27, 30–35, 37–39, 112–113
West Virginia University, 165, 204
Wheeler, Andrew, 101
White, Alan, 131–132
Whitehouse, Sheldon, 194–195
WHO (World Health Organization), 70–71, 89, 124, 141, 170, 214–215, 259
Will, George, 186
Willowbrook, Illinois, 268
Wine Information Council, 74
Winterkorn, Martin, 178–180
Woods, Darren, 193–194
Woods Hole Research Center, 196
workers
beryllium industry and, 21
compensation and, 266
employment impact and, 135–136
labor groups and, 137
lead exposure and, 256
opioid epidemic and, 112, 114–115
PFOA and, 31
public hearings and, 131–133
radiation exposure and, 6–8
respirators and, 127–128
safety and, 11, 120–122
silica and, 129–130
silicosis and, 124–125
workers’ compensation and, 263–264
workplace safety
3M and, 253
DEP exposure and, 79–84, 89, 95
football players and, 41, 54–55
guns and, 117–118
opioid epidemic and, 112
OSHA and, 120
SeaWorld and, 221–222
silica and, 118–119, 122–123, 127–129, 131–136
see also Occupational Safety and Health Administration
World Health Organization (WHO), 70–71, 89, 124, 141, 170, 214–215, 259
World War I, 15
World War II, 27–28
Wright, Michael, 87
Yoest, Charmaine, 222–223
Zakhari, Samir, 66, 72–73
Zatezalo, David, 98, 139–140
Zazenski, Rich, 152–154
Zinke, Ryan, 220
Zymancius, Neringa, 268