Abwehr, 163, 298, 390
Admiralty (Britain), 93, 102, 105, 183–7, 251–2, 350, 354, 357
Africa, German colonies, 345
Ahrens, Colonel, 411–12
Aktion Kugel, 286
Alderman, Sidney, 70, 85, 106, 113, 148, 158, 180, 226
Alexander, Earl, 29
Alexandrov, 345, 380
Aliens’ Law, 340
Allied Control Council (ACC), 213, 291, 455, 458; arrangements for trial, 84, 117; Law Ten, 86, 426–7, 452; financing of the trial, 216, 217; and prosecution of the organizations, 436; takes over responsibility for the defendants, 443, 469; considers appeals, 479–80; and the executions, 481, 486
Alsace Lorraine, 188
Amen, Colonel John, 70, 100–1, 130, 307, 318–19
American Bar Association, 69
American Society of International Law, 69
Ancestral Heritage Society, 433
Andrus, Colonel Burton C., 121, 172, 242, 249, 305, 328, 470, 477, 480; at Mondorf, 43–8, 109; in Nuremberg jail, 125–30; and Ley’s death, 133; trial arrangements, 146, 147–8, 149; at Christmas, 234; on Ribbentrop, 301; on Kaltenbrunner, 316; and Streicher, 333-4; and Schacht, 338; on Funk, 347; on Doenitz, 351; and Raeder, 361–2; and Jodl, 382; and Neurath’s trial, 402; officer prisoners, 437; worried about defendants’ condition, 452–3, 454–5; after the trial, 478–9; and Goering’s suicide, 483, 484
Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935), 260, 362, 363
Ankara, 390, 392
Anti-Partizan Combat Units, 171–2, 438
Antonico, 186, 357
Antwerp, 99
Army and Navy Journal (USA), 436
Ascension Island, 356, 366
Associated Press, 46, 213–14
Athenia, 185, 349, 359, 361, 364, 405
Atlantic Wall, 193
Attlee, Clement, 261, 449
Augsburg, 41
Auschwitz, 40, 193–4, 200, 287, 317, 318, 319–20, 323, 376, 387, 434
Auslands Organization (AO), 298
Austria, 37; Anschluss, 86, 100, 152, 160, 176, 181, 269, 276, 316, 341, 352, 363, 384, 386, 387–8, 389, 391, 440, 450; reactions to Papen’s acquittal in, 477
Babel, Dr, 211–12, 248
Babi Yar, 197
Bach-Zelewski, General, 171–2, 437, 438, 484
Bad Oeynhausen, 37
Balachovsky, Dr, 194
Ball, George, 29, 42
Baltic, 104, 159, 298, 362
Bar Council, 123
Barbarossa File, 135, 159, 363
Barnes, Sir Thomas, 72, 85
Barrington, John, 71n., 134
BBC, 42, 230, 253, 396, 404
Beaumont, 274, 289
Beaverbrook, Lord, 254
Belgium, 190, 287, 477
Belsen, 97, 123, 204
Beneš, Eduard, 393
Berchtesgaden, 40, 97, 233, 311
Berghof, 40
Bergold, Dr, 168, 222
Berlin, 83, 84, 97, 98, 117, 124, 221, 373, 395, 398, 478, 481, 486
Berliner Zeitung, 120, 213
Bernays, Colonel Murray C., 54–7, 58, 63, 73, 79, 83, 92, 100, 106, 425, 451
Bernstein, 123n.
Bevin, Ernest, 105
Biddle, Francis, 57–8, 61, 63, 95, 121, 170, 171, 190, 207, 297, 372, 395; appointed to Tribunal, 110–11; court procedure, 116, 117–18; and the defence lawyers, 123; accommodation in Nuremberg, 136; on Hess’s condition, 162, 163; on the British case, 182; on the French case, 191, 194; on the Russian case, 197; relations with Jackson, 208, 211, 226, 290–1; and the defence fees, 216; Vyshinsky incident, 232; social life, 233; conduct of the trial, 282; Schirach trial, 374; Sauckel trial, 380; Katyn massacre allegations, 411; final defence speeches, 412; on the prosecution of organizations, 429; SS trial, 434; on the drafting of the judgement, 447–52; sentences, 457, 458, 460, 461, 463–4; and Nikitchenko’s dissention, 465–6; gives verdicts, 468; after the trial, 476, 491
Biddle, Mrs, 233
Biddle, Randolf, 233
Birkenhead, Lord, 17
Birkett, Lady, 232
Birkett, Norman, 122, 322, 333; appointment to Tribunal, 111–12; trial procedure, 118; accommodation in Nuremberg, 137; the trial opens, 149; on the American case, 169–70; on Shawcross’s speech, 179; case for the prosecution, 182; on the French case, 192, 194; on the Russian case, 197; on the length of the trial, 205; abilities, 208; critical of the translations, 219; and the issue of German guilt, 223; social life, 232, 233; conduct of the trial, 279, 282; on Goering’s defence, 280; on Jackson’s cross-examination, 289, 290, 291; despair at length of trial, 313, 370, 401; on Kaltenbrunner, 318; on Jackson, 344, 345; Jodl trial, 384; Papen trial, 393; Speer trial, 396; on the final prosecution speeches, 424; on the final pleas, 441, 443; drafting of judgements, 447, 448, 450, 451, 457; sentences, 462, 464; gives judgements, 466; after the trial, 475–6
Blagorschine Forest, 198
Blaha, Franz, 172–3
Blank, Margarete, 126, 303
Blitt, Major, 41
Blomberg, Field Marshal, 99, 265, 294, 331–2, 344, 391
Blücher, Field Marshal, 26
Blum, Leon, 42
Bode, Thilo, 367
Bodenschatz, 270–1, 277
Boehm, 440
Bohemia, 152, 173, 304, 306, 327, 328, 384, 402, 459
Bomb plot (1944), 26, 28, 42, 164, 169, 329
Bordeaux, 461
Bordeaux raid, 185
Bormann, Martin, 239, 303, 312, 377, 432; disappearance, 34; inclusion in trial, 92, 93, 119, 140; evidence against, 172; judgement, 458; biography, 494
Brauchitsch, Field Marshal, 41, 93, 272, 439, 479
Braun, Dr, 123n., 404
Braun, Eva, 40
Breslau, 312
Bristol Channel, 185
British Information Services Control Branch, 487
British War Crimes Executive (BWCE), 71–2, 102, 230
Bross, Werner, 275
Bryce Committee, 17
Buccleuch, Duke of, 253
Buchenwald, 30, 97, 168, 194, 373, 380, 434
Buerkner, Vice Admiral, 47
Buro Ribbentrop, 303, 402
Byrnes, James, 82
Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 254
Canaris, Admiral, 163, 164, 310, 329
Canning, George, 182
Cappeler, Hans, 194
Casablanca conference (1943), 13
‘Case Green’, 152
‘Case Otto’, 152
Catholic Church, 392, 480
Central Planning Board (Germany), 166, 167, 269, 271
Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects (CROWCASS), 96
Cercle Français, 231
Chamberlain, Neville, 169, 238
Champetier de Ribes, 190, 418, 419
Channel Islands, 106
Charles I, King of England, 27
Chevalier, Haakon, 218
Chicago Daily News, 44, 206, 221, 327–8, 338, 347, 351
Christian Science Monitor, 221, 222, 284
Churchill, Sir Winston, 185, 254, 259, 276; condemns Nazi atrocities, 21; Tehran conference, 24; response to problem of war criminals, 28–9; and Ribbentrop’s arrest, 38; and plans for post-war Germany, 60; Yalta conference, 61, 63; and proposed trial, 65; ‘iron curtain’ speech, 201
Ciano, Count, 249
City of Benares, 186
Clark, Andrew, 122–3
Clay, General, 83
Clyde, 103
‘Cockleshell Heroes’, 461
Coke, Lord Chief Justice, 73
Cold War, 297
Coldstream, George, 117
Cologne Lawyers Association, 443n.
Colombia, 479
Commando Order (1942), 105, 153, 163, 166, 185, 309, 310, 350, 358, 361, 381, 385, 438, 439, 461
Commissar Order, 309, 381, 385, 438
Communist Party (Germany), 426
concentration camps, 20, 154; film of, 160–1; evidence, 167, 193–4; Goering and, 269; Kaltenbrunner and, 318–20; SS trial, 433–5; see also individual camps
Conti, Dr Leonardo, 133
Cooper, Bob, 208, 209, 228, 274, 307, 312, 346, 351, 364, 372, 384, 469, 471–2
Council for the Defence of the Reich, 281, 283
Court Contact Committee, 135, 215–16
Crimea Declaration, 78, 79
Cuba, 479
Cutter, Colonel, 63–4
Czechoslovakia, 392–3; annexation of, 86, 100, 135, 152, 180, 181, 260, 308, 363, 402–3, 450; wants Czech prosecutor at trial, 103
Dachau, 30, 42, 44, 157, 172–3, 204, 271, 319, 338, 365, 379, 434, 486
Dahlerus, Birger, 272–3, 281, 285, 286, 304
Daily Express, 120, 295
Daily Mail, 347
Daily Telegraph, 45, 120, 191, 304, 305, 318, 337, 345, 348, 358, 374, 380, 396
Daily Worker, 162
Dakar, 356
Daladier, Edouard, 238
Danzig, 159, 304, 306, 362
Darmstadter Echo, 222
Darre, 93
Dawson, Geoffrey, 254
Dawson, Lord, 254
Dean, Patrick, 135, 272, 297, 302, 304, 317, 349; on Falco, 74; on the American attitude to the Russians, 79; preparation of evidence, 102, 112; on Russian objections to inclusion of Nazi-Soviet Pact, 179; on the French case, 192; on the Russian case, 195, 196, 197; on the conduct of the trial, 206–7, 208; reactions to the trial, 220–1; on German guilt, 223; Vyshinsky incident, 232; and the cross-examinations, 263; on Goering’s defence, 278–9; on Goering’s cross-examination, 280, 284, 287–8; on Keitel, 310; concern at length of trial, 315; on Schacht, 342, 345; on Funk, 348; on Doenitz’s trial, 359; on Raeder’s trial, 363, 364; on the prosecution of the organizations, 425, 428
Debenest, 388
Defendants’ Information Centre, 134
Defendants’ Visiting Centre, 256–7, 455
De Gaulle, Charles, 65
De-Nazification Law, 452
Denmark, 182, 318; invasion, 152, 178; illegal seizures, 190; German occupation, 192–3, 349, 350; deportation of Jews, 381, 385
Denver University, 30
Derby, Lord, 253
De Valera, Eamon, 479
Dietrich, General Sepp, 417
Disarmament Commission, 19, 296
Dix, Dr, 122, 165, 217, 296, 302, 313, 315, 332, 342, 344, 413, 416, 427
Dodd, Thomas, 47, 226, 259, 375, 470; preparations for trial, 70; preparation of evidence, 101; prosecution case, 166–8; fees, 217; on Ribbentrop’s illness, 301–2; cross-examination of Keitel, 311; cross-examination of Rosenberg, 322; Frank trial, 322; cross-examination of Funk, 348; Raeder trial, 362–3; Schirach trial, 377–8
Doenitz, Grand Admiral Karl, 12, 41, 206, 241, 242, 249, 363, 379, 381; surrender, 35, 36; internment, 45, 46, 48; inclusion in trial, 93; archives, 98–9; indictment, 113, 132; lawyer, 121, 124; in Nuremberg jail, 128, 129n.; trial opens, 147; sees concentration camp film, 160; reactions to trial, 169, 170, 201, 320, 421; evidence against, 183, 184–7; attitude to Hitler, 240; trial, 251–2, 266, 349–61; on Goering’s defence, 278; Laconia affair, 356–7, 365–7; Raeder on, 365; final defence speech, 413; final plea, 441, 442; awaiting judgement, 453; verdict and sentence, 461–2, 469, 471, 472; appeal, 479; release, 478; Memoirs, 490; biography, 494–5
Dollfuss, Engelbert, 391, 392
Donnedieu de Vabres, Henri, 207, 374; appointment to Tribunal, 111; trial procedure, 118; prosecution of organizations, 427; judgements and sentences, 448, 450, 456–9, 463–4; gives verdicts, 468
Donovan, William, 70–1, 79, 102, 131, 258–9
Dostert, Colonel Leon, 110, 218–19, 257, 281
Dostert, General, 204
Douglas, Elsie, 75
Dresden, 415
Dubost, 134, 191–2, 247, 418, 424
Duke, Major Kenneth, 99, 185
Dulles, Allen, 329, 333
Dunn, Dr, 452–4
Duport, Dr, 194
Eberstein, Baron, 434
Eck, Lt, 186–7, 356–7, 359–60
Eden, Anthony, 23, 25, 29, 61–3
Eichmann, Adolf, 39, 167, 171, 317, 319, 432
Einsatzgruppen, 154, 171, 412, 432, 433, 435, 438, 459
Einsatzkommandos, 163, 197, 223, 318, 375, 405, 423
Einstab Rosenberg, 108, 321 Eisenhower, General Dwight D., 35, 37, 41, 45, 216, 260, 333
Essen, 167, 381, 400
European Advisory Commission on War Crimes, 20
Evac Hospital, 40
Evening Standard, 120
Exner, Dr, 147, 383
Extraordinary State Commission (USSR), 20, 197, 410–11
Fabers, 229, 231
Falco, Robert, 74, 77, 82, 95, 111, 148, 207, 457, 460, 463
Farr, 170
Faure, Edgar, 175, 191, 306–7, 476
FBI, 45
‘Final Solution’, 171, 316
Finland, 262, 263, 363
First World War, 13, 17–19, 20, 355, 490
Fisher, Adrian, 122, 139, 461
Flaschner, 393
Flensburg, 35–6
Flossenburg, 42, 338
Ford, Henry, 133
Foreign Office (Britain), 252; response to problem of war criminals, 23, 25, 29; and Papen’s arrest, 39; attitude to war crimes trial, 61–4; preparations for trial, 70, 71-2; and the administration of the trial, 95, 117; preparation of indictment, 96; and the preparation of evidence, 102, 104, 105; choice of judges, 111–12; opposition to Krupp’s lawyer, 122–3; reactions to the trial, 220–1; and German guilt, 223; and the defence witnesses, 254; and British intentions in Norway, 261, 262–3, 363; final prosecution speeches, 423–4; and the prosecution of organizations, 429; and the executions, 479, 487
Four Year Plan, 269, 271, 276, 277
France, German invasion, 152, 179; illegal seizures, 190; German occupation, 192, 193 Nuremberg Tribunal: London Conference, 74–83, 85–90; choice of location for trial, 84; propose second trial, 93, 373; preparation of evidence, 102–9, 134; choice of judges, 111; preparation of indictment, 113–14; trial procedure, 118–19; wants to delay trial, 144–5; case for the prosecution, 175–6, 188–94; judges, 207; social life in Nuremberg, 231; treatment of German prisoners-of-war, 260; cross-examinations, 263; final prosecution speech, 418, 419, 424; drafting of judgements, 447–52; sentences, 456–64
Frank, Hans, 12, 103, 189–90, 242; arrest, 40; internment, 45; inclusion in trial, 92, 93; indictment, 121, 132; lawyer, 122, 124, 295; in ‘ Nuremberg jail, 127, 128, 129; trial opens, 149; anti-Semitism, 151; sees concentration camp film, 160–1; evidence against, 166–7, 200; diaries, 210, 237; conversion to Catholicism, 235; reactions to the trial, 237, 239, 423; attitude to Hitler, 240; on Goering, 241, 278; trial, 322–4; and the Speer trial, 399; final plea, 442; awaiting judgement, 453; judgement and sentence, 457, 471, 472; appeal, 480; last days, 480; execution, 486; biography, 495
Frank, Karl Hermann, 328, 481
Frank, Wolf, 219, 337
Frankfurt, 223, 348
Frankfurter, Felix, 61
Frederick the Great, 98 and n.
Freetown, 356, 366
Freisler, Judge, 169
Frick, Frau, 455
Frick, Wilhelm, 12, 234, 242, 317; arrest, 40; inclusion in trial, 92, 93; in Nuremberg jail, 129n.; indictment, 132; trial opens, 148–9; evidence against, 172–3; in court, 234; trial, 327–30, 333; on Schacht, 343; final prosecution speech, 421; final plea, 442; awaiting judgement, 454, 455; verdict and sentence, 458–9, 468, 471, 472; execution, 486; biography, 495
Friedeburg, Admiral Hans, 35, 36
Fritsch, Field Marshal, 99, 331, 332, 343, 391
Fritz, 405, 477
Fritzache, Fritz, 12
Fritzsche, Hans, 234–5, 242; capture, 35; inclusion in trial, 92, 93; indictment, 113, 132; in Nuremberg jail, 125–9; trial opens, 147–9; plea, 150; sees concentration camp film, 160; on the conduct of the trial. 206–9; in court, 234; defence, 252–3, 258; on Ribbentrop’s defence, 305; reactions to the trial, 333, 337; on Schirach, 378; on Sauckel, 379, 381; Jodl trial, 381, 382; and Seyss-Inquart’s trial, 386, 388; on Jodl, 386; and the Speer trial, 399; Neurath’s trial, 400, 401, 403; trial, 403–6; final plea, 441; awaiting judgement, 454; acquittal, 463–4, 469–70; after the trial, 477; last days, 482, 483; biography, 496
Führer order, 105
Fulton, Missouri, 201
Funk, Frau, 478
Funk, Walther, 12, 242; capture, 35; internment, 46, 47; inclusion in trial, 93; in Nuremberg jail, 129n.; indictment, 132; trial opens, 149, 158; sees concentration camp film, 160; evidence against, 172, 330; reactions to the trial, 237, 241; attitude to Hitler, 240; trial, 278, 346–9; final defence speech 414; final plea, 441, 442, 443; awaiting judgement, 453, 455–6; verdict and sentence, 460, 468, 471; release, 478; biography 496
Fürth, 212n., 228, 230, 486
Furtwängler, Wilhelm, 348
Galbraith, J.K., 35–6, 46, 395
Gaus, 297–8
General Staff and High Command, inclusion in indictment, 108; indictment, 113, 120; case against, 163, 171, 307, 425, 452; treatment of Russian prisoners-of-war, 196–7; trial, 278, 435–9; judgement, 466, 467–8, 477
Geneva Convention, 16, 21, 27, 196–7, 321, 350, 358, 359, 383, 434, 437
Gerecke, Pastor, 121, 234–5, 455, 482, 485
German Army, archives, 99; attempted coups, 332–3; Katyn massacre allegations, 410–12; General Staff trial, 435–9; 6th Army, 195; 98th Infantry Division, 199
German Navy, case against, 93, 183–8; archives, 98–9; defence, 251–2; in Norway, 261, 262; Doenitz’s trial, 349–60; public attitude to, 350–1; Raeder trial, 363–4
German Prize Regulations, 355, 360
Gerthoffer, Charles, 191, 193
Gestapo, corporate responsibility, 22–3; inclusion in indictment, 107; lawyer, 124; case against, 166, 170, 425, 427, 428, 451, 452; use of torture, 194; Goering and, 269; Kaltenbrunner and, 316, 317; Gisevius’s evidence against, 329; trial, 432
Gilbert, Dr, 158, 164, 234, 235, 301; intelligence tests, 129–30; and Hess’s amnesia, 131, 163; and the defendants’ reactions to the trial, 131–3, 160, 168–9, 236–9, 241–2, 417, 421, 423, 455, 456, 469, 472; press interviews, 214; tries to break Goering’s dominance over defendants, 242–3; and Hess’s mental condition, 294, 295; on Kaltenbrunner, 316; on Frick, 328; on Streicher, 333–4; on Schacht, 337–8; on Funk, 347; on Raeder, 361; on Schirach, 376; on Sauckel, 379; on Jodl, 382, 383; on Speer, 394; on Goering’s suicide, 484
Gill, Colonel, 109, 130, 134 ‘
Giraud, General, 163
Gisevius, Hans Bernd, 329–33, 339, 342, 343, 402
Glasgow Herald, 89, 94
Gobineau, Comte de, 189
Goddard, Lord Justice, 475
Godesburg, 304
Godt, Admiral, 359
Goebbels, Dr, 35, 221, 258, 276, 283, 303, 321, 323, 346, 390, 405; and Hitler’s death, 33; death, 33–4; and Morgenthau Plan, 61; on Ribbentrop, 301; Reichstag Fire, 330; propaganda, 403, 404; Fritzsche denounces, 406
Goering, Emmy, 455, 478, 480, 483
Goering, Field Marshal Hermann, 12, 36, 42, 156, 172, 206, 209, 211, 231, 256, 303, 317, 319, 321, 336, 405; on the trial, 13; arrest, 41, 44; internment, 45, 46, 47, 48, 109; inclusion in trial, 92, 93–4; Hossbach memorandum, 99; indictment, 121, 132; lawyer, 122; in Nuremberg jail, 125, 126, 128, 129–30; interrogates Hess, 131; on Ley’s death, 133; trial opens, 147–9, 157, 158; plea, 150; evidence, 159; sees concentration camp film, 160; evidence against, 165, 193, 330–2; reactions to the trial, 169, 194, 196, 198, 201, 240–1, 320, 421, 423; invasion of Russia, 198–9; hears Churchill’s ‘iron curtain’ speech, 201; press interview, 214; defence, 219, 254, 260, 270–9; church attendance, 234; on Himmler, 238; attitude to Hitler, 240; attitudes of other defendants towards, 241, 242; attempts to bargain with, 258; cross-examination, 263, 265, 267, 279–92; case against, 269–70; on Ribbentrop, 301, 305; loses control of defendants, 324; Fritsch affair, 331–2, 343; and Funk, 346; Raeder in, 365; and Schirach’s denunciation of Hitler, 377; and the Speer trial, 399; final prosecution speech, 420, 421; final plea, 441, 442; awaiting judgement, 454, 455, 467; verdict and sentence, 456, 458, 468, 471, 472; appeal, 479; last days, 480; suicide, 482–4; biography, 496–7
Goethe,423–4
Goulding, Ossian, 374, 375
GPO, 230
Graevnitz, 197
Grand Hotel, Mondorf, 43–5
Grand Hotel, Nuremberg, 228–9, 231, 465
Great Britain, attitudes to Germany after First World War, 17–18; earns Germany of retribution, 21; Moscow Conference, 23; Anglo-German Naval Agreement, 260, 362, 363; intentions in Norway, 260–3, 363, 450–1; naval warfare, 354, 355; Laconia affair, 356–7, 366–7 Nuremberg Tribunal: response to war criminal problem, 28–9; attitude to war crimes trial, 61–6, 71; preparations for trial, 71–3; London Conference, 74–83, 85–90; choice of location for trial, 84; Potsdam Conference, 84; choice of defendants, 92, 93; choice of prosecution, 94–5; preparation of evidence, 95–7, 102–9, 134–5; judges, 111–12, 208–9; preparation of indictment, 112–14; trial procedure, 117–19; living conditions in Nuremberg, 135–7; and inclusion of Krupps in trial, 138–9; case for the prosecution, 171–88; legal team, 224–5; press facilities, 229–30; social life in Nuremberg, 231; cross-examinations, 263–5, 266–7; Streicher case, 335–6; and idea of a second trial, 373; final prosecution speech, 418–20, 421–4; drafting of judgements, 447–52; sentences, 456–64; prosecution team leaves Nuremberg, 475–6; and the executions, 481
Greece, invasion, 152, 178
Greeley, Horace, 337
Griffith-Jones, Mervyn, 71n., 144, 180, 298, 335, 337, 343–4, 394, 422, 430
Gros, André, 74, 76–7, 79, 80n., 81
Grotius, Hugo, 16, 59
Gustavus, Adolphus, King, 231
Hadamar Asylum, 204
The Hague, 388
Hague Conventions, 16, 184, 321, 378, 383, 394, 434, 450
Halder, General, 211
Halifax, Lord, 30, 254, 273
Hamburg, 98
Hamburg Radio, 33
Hamilton, Duke of, 92
Hansbach, Dr, 129
Harris, Captain Sam, 169–70, 180
Harris, Wilson, 205, 206
Hartenstein, Lieutenant Commander, 356, 366, 367
Harz Mountains, 97
Hauser, General, 435
Haushofer, Albrecht, 294
Haushofer, Karl, 294
Heisig, Lieutenant, 186–7
Hermann Goering Division, 269
Hermitage Museum, Leningrad, 199
Herzog, 191, 380
Hess, Frau, 478
Hess, Rudolf, 12, 137, 169, 223, 234, 242; inclusion in trial, 92, 93–4; in Nuremberg jail, 125, 129; amnesia, 131, 137, 161–3, 294–5; indictment, 132; trial opens, 147, 149, 157; plea, 150; sees concentration camp film, 160; reactions to trial, 179, 194; hears Churchill’s ‘iron curtain’ speech, 201; press interview, 214; in court, 233; cross-examination, 263; defence, 294–9; possible insanity, 324; final defence speech, 412–13; final prosecution speech, 420, 421; final plea, 441–2; awaiting judgement, 456, 467; verdict and sentence, 460–1, 462, 465, 468, 471, 472; in Spandau, 478; after the trial, 487; biography, 497
Hessler, Captain, 360
Heydrich, Reinhard, 20, 151, 316, 344, 377, 387, 405
Himmler, Frau, 126
Himmler, Heinrich, 40, 62, 158, 193, 253, 258, 269, 272, 277, 303, 316, 317, 318, 328; suicide, 34, 39, 48; and the Slavs, 153–4; forced labour, 167; extermination of Slavs, 172; occupation of Russia, 199; defendants’ attitudes to, 238–9; concentration camps, 287; Blomberg scandal, 331; evidence against, 433–4
Hindemith, Paul, 348
Hindenburg, Frau, 98 and n.
Hindenburg, Paul, 98 and n., 151, 390
Hiroshima, 415, 442
Hitler, Adolf, 12, 24, 25, 30, 121; Bomb Plot, 26, 28, 42, 164, 169, 329; suicide, 33, 93, 240; inclusion in trial, 64, 92, 93, archives, 98; Hossbach memorandum, 99–100, 152, 181; and the Reich Cabinet, 107–8, 433; defendants’ attitudes to, 132, 237, 238, 239–40, 276–7; Jackson’s opening speech, 151; intention to wage war, 152, 159, 181–2; attacks Poland, 163; ‘final solution’, 171; war at sea, 185; Speer’s assassination attempt, 241, 398–9; extermination of Jews, 287; and Ribbentrop’s case, 300, 303–4; and Keitel’s case, 307, 308–11; Blomberg scandal, 331; attempted Army coups against, 332–3; Schacht’s contempt for, 340–1, 343; Funk and, 346, 347; Raeder on, 362, 363; Schirach denounces, 376–7; Jodl’s evidence, 382–6; Papen and, 389, 390, 391–2; Speer trial, 393–4, 396–9; Neurath’s evidence, 402, 403; Fritzsche denounces, 406; Leadership Principle, 416–17, 419; final prosecution speeches, 419–21; control of Army, 438; defendants’ final pleas, 443
Hitler Youth, 39–40, 169, 373–8, 427, 459
Hoegner, Dr, 470, 485
Hoess, Rudolf, 319–20, 334
Hoffmann, Heinrich, 99
Holland, 18, 190, 193, 277, 287, 363, 386, 387, 388
Hollriegel, Aloid, 172
Hoover, J. Edgar, 45
Horn, 296, 300, 301–2
Horthy, Admiral, 39, 287
Hossbach, Colonel, 99–100, 152
Hossbach memorandum, 99–100, 152, 159, 181, 215, 331, 362, 391, 402, 449, 459, 464, 490
House of Lords, 62, 111
Hull, Cordell, 24, 25, 50, 53, 61, 63
Hungary, 195, 287, 318, 392
Hurst, Sir Cecil, 22–3
IBM International Translator System, 110, 218–19
Institute for the Investigation of the Jewish Question, 321
Inter-American Bar Association, 68
International Court, The Hague, 111
International Labour Organization, 110
Ireland, 479
Izvestia, 371
Jackson, Robert H., 94, 95, 131; appointed to lead prosecution, 66; preparations for trial, 68–74; character, 68, 82; London Conference, 74–5, 77–83, 85, 86–7, 89–90, 103, 106; choice of location for trial, 83–4; list of defendants, 92; opposition to second trial, 93, 373; Hossbach memorandum, 100; preparation of indictment, 100, 112–14, 120; preparation of evidence, 101, 105, 106, 134–5; and the German defence, 104; indictment of organizations, 108–9; physical arrangements for trial, 109; wants to include Alfried Krupp in indictment, 138–9; opening speech, 150–8, 176; and Hess’s condition, 161–2; witnesses, 165, 168; keeps bulk of case in American hands, 175; relations with Biddle, 208, 211, 226, 290–1; and the conduct of the trial, 210–11, 225–6, 247, 259; relations with the press, 214; and the issue of German guilt, 221, 223; Vyshinsky incident, 232; social life, 233; opposed to bargaining with defendants, 258–9; cross-examinations, 263, 265–6, 273; and Goering’s defence, 271, 272, 273; cross-examination of Goering, 279–85, 288–92; concern at length of trial, 314–15, 371; Streicher’s trial, 334; cross-examination of Schacht, 343–5; Speer trial, 399–400; final prosecution speech, 417–18, 419, 420–1, 423, 424; and the prosecution of organizations, 425, 426–8, 431; General Staff ‘ trial, 435, 436; SA trial, 440; after Nuremberg, 476–7; opposes review of cases, 479; on Goering’s suicide, 484; final report, 488, 491
Jackson, William, 109–10, 290
Jaeger, Wilhelm, 380–1, 400
Jahrreiss, Professor, 414–15, 416, 420, 422
James I, King of England, 73
Japan, war crimes trials, 204
Jews, 236; prosecution charges, 87; Nuremberg Decrees, 151, 276, 299; ‘Kristallnacht’, 151, 269, 271, 276, 283, 341, 348, 375, 440; persecution of, 151, 167; ‘final solution’, 171, 316; Goering and, 283–4; extermination, 287, 318; in Poland, 323; Streicher’s anti-Semitism, 334–7; transportation from Vienna, 375
Jodl, General Alfred, 12, 234, 242, 319, 390, 417; surrender of Germany, 13; arrest, 35, 36; inclusion in trial, 93; indictment, 121, 132; in Nuremberg jail, 128, 129; interrogation. 131; trial opens, 147–8; lawyer, 147; plea, 150; evidence, 158; sees concentration camp film, 160; evidence against, 165, 183, 330; reactions to the trial, 237, 331, 421; defence, 253, 259, 278; diary, 278; trial, 381–6; and the Speer trial, 399; awaiting judgement, 453; verdict and sentence, 458, 465, 471–2; appeal, 479, 480; execution, 486, 487; biography, 497–8
Jodl, Frau, 385, 479
Jones, Elwyn, 71n., 136, 180, 182
Jowett, Lord, 111–12, 475
Justice Department (US), 57–8
Kaltenbrunner, Dr Ernst, 12, 213, 242, 273, 341, 392, 487; arrest, 39; inclusion in trial, 92, 93; in Nuremberg jail, 128, 129n.; indictment, 132; ill-health, 145; evidence against, 172; trial, 315–20; final defence speech, 413–14; final plea, 442, 443; awaiting judgement, 454; verdict and sentence, 457, 471; execution, 485–6; biography, 498
Kaplan, Ben, 436
Katyn massacre, 113, 410–12
Kauffmann, 168, 212, 213, 316, 413, 414
Keitel, Field Marshal Wilhelm, 12, 234, 242, 317, 365, 405, 417; capture, 36; internment, 45; inclusion in trial, 92, 93; indictment, 121, 132; lawyer, 122; in Nuremberg jail, 127, 128, 129; trial opens, 148–9; treatment of prisoners-of-war, 153; sees concentration camp film, 160–1; evidence against, 163, 165, 166, 183, 330; press interview, 214; reactions to the trial, 236–7, 332, 423; attitude to Hitler, 240; considers confessing, 259; defence, 260, 278; trial, 307–13, 314; final defence speech, 413; final plea, 442, 443; awaiting judgement, 453, 455; sentence, 456–7, 458, 465, 471, 472; appeal, 479, 480; last days, 480; execution, 484–5, 486; biography, 498
Kelley, Dr Douglas, 121, 129, 133, 162, 241, 484, 485
Kellogg-Briand Pact (Peace of Paris; 1928), 58–9, 68, 177, 178, 416, 422, 450
Kempner, Robert, 120–1, 222, 225–6, 253, 258, 259, 327, 328, 425, 430, 433
Kemsley, Lord, 254
Kentish, Miss, 136
Kesselring, Field Marshal, 46, 272, 274, 310, 382
KGB, 111
Kharkov, 20, 199
Kiel, 349
Kirkpatrick, Ivone, 37, 46, 98n.
Kitzbühel, 41
Klefisch, Dr, 138, 139
Koch, Erich, 166, 199, 405
Koch, Ilse, 126, 168
Koch, Karl, 168
Korner, 272
Kransberg Castle, 42
Kranzbuehler, Otto, 121, 124, 147, 187–8, 201, 217, 251–2, 342, 350, 353–5, 358, 359–60, 413, 462, 475, 479
Kraus, Dr, 122, 217, 247
‘Kristallnacht’ (1938), 151, 269, 270, 276, 283, 341, 348, 375, 440
Krupp family, 122–3, 138–9, 206, 210
Krupp, Alfried, 94, 138–40, 144
Krupp, Bertha, 94, 138
Krupp, Gustav, 92, 93–4, 138–40, 161, 373
Krupp, Robert, 45
Krupp trial, 490
Krupps, 167, 193, 380–1, 394, 400
Kubuschok, Dr, 122, 124, 165–6, 393, 417, 433
Kuchin, Captain, 148
Labour Front, 40–1, 108, 394
Laconia, 356–7, 359, 366–7
Laconia Order (1942), 186, 187, 356–7, 366, 461, 462
Lahousen, Major General Erwin, 163–6, 211, 332
Lammers, Dr, 234, 312, 328, 346, 402
Lampe, Maurice, 193
Lansing, 18
Laternser, 274, 436, 437
Lauterpacht, Hersch, 82, 87, 422
Laval, Pierre, 189
Lawrence, Sir Geoffrey, 160, 168, 180, 191, 192, 208; appointment to Tribunal, 112; presidency of trial, 117–18, 119; opens trial, 146, 148; abilities as president, 208–9, 211–12, 213; conduct of trial, 226, 256, 282, 302, 443; social life, 231, 232; and Jackson’s cross-examination of Goering, 289–90; and Hess’s defence, 296; and Ribbentrop’s defence, 304, 306; and Keitel’s trial, 311-12; concern at length of trial, 315; and Streicher’s case, 337; and Raeder’s trial, 362; Schirach trial, 373, 374; Sauckel trial, 380; Jodl case, 384, 386; Seyss-Inquart trial, 388; weekend in Prague, 392–3; Speer trial, 395, 398; Neurath’s trial, 401; final defence speeches, 413, 414; SS trial, 434; General Staff trial, 437; drafting of judgement, 446–9, 451; judgements and sentences, 457–60, 461, 462, 463–4; reads judgements, 466; verdicts, 468; passes sentences, 471; peerage, 475–6
Lawrence, Lady, 232
Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party, 108–9; case against, 170, 425, 427, 451, 452; trial, 431–2
Leadership Principle (Führerprinzip), 416–17, 419
League of Nations, 14, 18, 19, 52, 59, 68, 177, 261, 262, 402, 416
Leipzig trials (First World War), 19, 24, 28, 88, 259–60, 490
Lemkin, Rafael, 114
Leningrad, 185, 198, 277, 364, 385
Ley, Dr Robert, 198, 454; arrest, 40–1; internment, 46, 47; inclusion in trial, 92, 93; Labour Front, 108; interrogation, 130; death, 133
Leyden, University of, 388
Lgov, 200
Lidice, 20, 435
Lithuania, 197
Lloyd George, David, 17–18
Locarno Pact, 152, 178
Loesch, Karl, 98
Lomakin, Archdeacon, 198
London Agreement, 85–90, 94, 121, 466, 491
London Charter, 85–90, 94, 95, 104, 114, 116, 119, 121, 140, 145, 156, 157, 168, 177–8, 204, 414–17, 418, 425–9, 451, 467
London Conference (1945), 71, 74–83, 93, 95, 103, 106, 113, 157, 248, 251, 289
London Protocol (1936), 184, 187n., 461, 462
Londonderry, Lord, 254
Louis XVI, King of France, 26, 27
Low, David, 347
Low Countries, German invasion, 152, 178, 179
Luedinghausen, 217, 401, 414, 415, 416
Luftwaffe, 97, 269, 284, 433
Lusitania, 185
Luxembourg, 43–8
McCloy, John, 54, 63, 65–6
McLoughlin, Kathleen, 206
Maidenek, 40, 197, 198, 323
Maisky, Ivan, 63
Malkin, Sir William, 62, 63–4
Malmédy massacre, 30, 50, 365, 417
Manchester Guardian, 93–4
Mann, Thomas, 424
Manstein, Field Marshal, 439
Marburg University, 390
Marburger Press, 222
Margolies, Harriet, 229
Marx, Dr, 137, 213, 336, 337, 413, 414
Maser, Werner, 249, 253
Maurer, Dr Maurer, 365
Mauterndorf, 41
Mauthausen, 167, 172, 193, 286, 306, 318, 374, 375, 396
Maxwell-Fyfe, Lady, 394
Maxwell-Fyfe, Sir David, 68, 94–5, 108, 144, 192, 204, 208, 209, 342, 372, 385; preparations for trial, 71–2; London Conference, 75, 77 and n., 81, 82, 87–8; choice of location for trial, 84; list of defendants, 92; preparation of indictment, 112–3; preparation of evidence, 134, 135; physical arrangements in Nuremberg, 135–6; and inclusion of Krupps in trial, 138–9; trial opens, 148; and Hess’s condition, 161–2; case for the prosecution, 175, 176, 180, 182; on the naval case, 185; relations with the press, 214; conduct of trial, 224–5, 226, 247, 250, 252, 254, 259–60; social life, 231; Vyshinsky incident, 232; cross-examinations, 264–5, 266–7, 289; and Goering’s defence, 272, 273, 281, 282; cross-examination of Goering, 285–8, 290; and Hess’s defence, 296, 299; cross-examination of Ribbentrop, 305–6; cross-examination of Keitel, 311; concern at length of trial, 313–14; Streicher case, 337; Kranzbuehler’s trial, 350, 353–4; cross-examination of Doenitz, 357–9; Raeder trial, 362, 363–4; Schirach trial, 378; Sauckel case, 381; cross-examination of Papen, 391–2; cross-examination of Neurath, 402–3; final defence speeches, 416; final prosecution speeches, 418, 422; on the prosecution of organizations, 426; trial of the Leadership Corps, 431; SS trial, 434; judgements, 457; leaves Nuremberg, 475
Meckel, Captain Hans, 350, 366
Menthon, François de, 95, 112, 188–90, 223, 260
Merkel, Dr, 124
Messersmith, George, 340, 401
Metternich, Prince, 338
Middleton, Drew, 121
Milch, Field Marshal, 93, 167, 271–2, 274, 286, 378, 384
Milner, Lord, 17
Mitchell, Brigadier-General, 135, 137
Moehle, Captain, 187, 188, 356
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 24, 259
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939), see Nazi-Soviet Pact
Mondorf, Bad, 43–8, 219, 437
Moran, Lord, 161
Moravia, 152, 173, 304, 306, 327, 328, 384, 402, 459
Morgan, J.H., 17, 19, 28
Morgen, SS Judge, 434
Morgenthau, Henry, 50–4, 59, 60–1, 63
Morris, B.H., 97
Moscow Declaration (1943), 23–4, 28, 63, 78, 79, 85
Moscow Radio, 44
Mounier, Pierre, 148
Müller, Heinrich, 34, 39, 317, 318
Munich, 83, 172, 304
Munich Pact, 152, 169, 393
Mussolini, Benito, 24, 25, 29, 44
Nacht und Nebel Decree, 105, 153, 192, 309, 310, 432
Napoleon I, Emperor, 26, 27, 63, 66
Narvik, 261, 262
National Committee for a Free Germany, 195
‘The Nazi Plan’ (film), 169, 170, 213–14, 240
Nazi–Soviet Pact (1939), 104–5, 152, 159, 179–80, 251, 297–8, 450
Neave, Airey, 119, 121–2, 123, 179, 295, 428–30, 432
Nelte, Dr, 165, 166, 259, 312, 413
Neue Zeitung, 214
Neurath, Constantin von, 12, 206, 242, 278, 365; arrest, 38; internment, 46; inclusion in trial, 92, 93–4; Hossbach memorandum, 99, 362; in Nuremberg jail, 128, 129n.; indictment, 132; sees concentration camp film, 160; evidence against, 183, 330; in court, 234; reactions to the trial, 239; on Hitler, 240; on Ribbentrop, 305; trial, 400–3; final defence speech, 414; final prosecution speech, 420; final plea, 442; awaiting judgement, 453, 456; sentence, 459–60, 465, 489; release, 478; biography, 498–9
New York Herald Tribune, 45, 89, 159–60, 221
New York Times, 45, 89, 121, 206, 272, 273, 291, 311, 342, 345, 487
News Chronicle, 484
Niemoeller, Pastor Martin, 42
Nikitchenko, General, 95, 137, 207, 297, 448; London Conference, 74–5, 78–82, 84; appointment to Tribunal, 111; trial procedure, 118–19; case for the prosecution, 197; social life, 232, 393; objects to conduct of defence, 255–6; concern at length of trial, 370–1; final defence speeches, 412; and the prosecution of organizations, 427; drafting of judgement, 448–9, 451; verdicts and sentences, 456, 457, 462, 463–4, 468; dissention from judgements, 465–6; after Nuremberg, 476
Nimitz, Admiral, 251, 350, 360, 461–2, 472
Nordhausen, 97
Noreen Mary, 186, 357
Norway, 182, 251; British intentions in, 105, 260–3, 363, 450–1; German invasion, 152, 178, 278, 363, 364, 384; illegal seizures, 190; German occupation, 192
Novello, Ivor, 376
Nuremberg Decrees, 151, 276, 299, 460
Nuremberg Laws, 299, 328, 336, 402
‘Nuremberg Principle’, 87
Nuremberg Rallies, 169, 394
Obersalzburg, 159, 304, 362
Observer, 120
O’Connor, Father Sixtus, 235
Oder-Neisse Line, 120
Ogilvie-Forbes, Sir George, 254
Ohlendorff, General Otto, 171, 438
OKW, 166, 307, 308, 329, 330, 362, 381
Oppenheimer, 88
Oradour, 435
Orbeli, Professor, 199
OSS, 96, 189, 217, 329, 333
Ozol, Lt Colonel, 148
Palestine, 421
Pennenbecker, 217, 329, 332, 415
Panzer Regiment, 1st, 30
Papen, Franz von, 12, 206, 207, 242, 365, 401–2; arrest, 38–9; internment, 47, 48; inclusion in trial, 92, 93–4; lawyer, 122; in Nuremberg jail, 128, 129–30; indictment, 132; trial opens, 147; plea, 150; defence, 166, 248, 251, 252, 278; evidence against, 183, 330; on Hitler, 240; on Ribbentrop, 301, 305; reactions to the trial, 324, 421, 423; on Schacht, 339; on Jodl, 382; on Seyss-Inquart, 386; trial, 389–92, 417; on Neurath, 402; final prosecution speech, 420; final plea, 442; awaiting judgement, 453, 466–7; acquittal, 463–4, 465, 469–70, 477; after the trial, 477–8; biography, 499
Paris, 233
Paris, Peace of (Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928), 58–9, 68, 177, 178, 416, 422, 450
Parker, Judge John, 117, 121, 149, 163, 207, 255; appointment, 111; trial procedure, 118; and defence lawyers, 123; accommodation in Nuremberg, 136; and inclusion of Krupps in trial, 139; on the Russian case, 197–8; Vyshinsky incident, 232; social life, 233; conduct of the trial, 282; Schirach trial, 374; final defence speeches, 412; drafting of the judgement, 448, 450, 451–2; judgements and sentences, 457, 458–9, 461, 462, 463–4; after ‘ Nuremberg, 476
Passant, Jim, 72, 144, 180, 182
‘Passionate Haystack’ (translator), 218
Paszek, Lawrence J., 365
Patton, General, 229, 232, 372
Paulus, Field Marshal, 195–6, 332
Peleus, 186
People’s Court, 352
Perkins, Dr W.R., 97
Petacci, Clara, 25, 29
Pfluecker, Dr, 45, 128–9, 131, 133, 470, 480–1, 482–3
Phillimore, Harry, 71n., 180, 188, 225, 372–3, 422
Phipps, John, 117, 119, 137, 446, 458
Pink, Ivor, 97
Pius XII, Pope, 480
Pokrovsky, 260, 364, 385, 386, 410
Poland, 40, 100, 236, 298, 299, 306; preparation of evidence, 102, 135; wants Polish prosecutor, 103; Katyn massacre, 113, 410–12; German invasion, 152, 178, 273, 277, 341, 384; Hitler’s intention to wage war on, 159; German occupation, 322–3
Poltovak, A.I., 111
Potsdam Conference (1945), 84, 92, 144
Powers, Francis, 95
Prague, 199, 233, 392–3, 481
Puhl, Emil, 349
Pushkin, Alexander, 199
Quebec, 60, 61
Quisling, Vidkun, 189, 458
Radio Munich, 165
Raeder, Frau, 455
Raeder, Grand Admiral Erich, 12, 242, 351; capture, 35; internment, 46; inclusion in trial, 92, 93; Hossbach memorandum, 99; in Nuremberg jail, 125, 129n.; indictment, 133; trial opens, 148; evidence against, 183, 185; trial, 252, 260, 361–5; final defence speech, 413; final plea, 442; awaiting judgement, 453, 455; sentence, 461, 465, 472; release, 478; appeal, 480; biography, 499–500
Raginsky, 431
Rajzman, Samuel, 200, 201
Ravensbrueck, 193–4
Red Army, 196
Red Cross, 16, 260, 318
Reich Cabinet, 277; case against, 107–8, 170, 425, 452; trial, 432–3; judgement, 466
Reich Ministry for the Eastern Territories, 153
Reichenau directive, 439
Reichsbank, 339, 340, 341, 346, 347, 348–9, 460
Reichstag Fire, 269, 277, 280, 330
Reinecke, General, 163–4
Reinecke, SS Judge, 434
Resistance, 96, 188, 189
Reuter, 455
Reynolds News, 222
Rhineland, 281; occupation of, 152, 176, 260
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 12, 242, 273, 286; arrest, 37–8, 39; internment, 45, 46, 47, 48, 109; inclusion in trial, 92, 93–4; indictment, 121, 132; in Nuremberg jail, 127, 128, 129; trial opens, 147, 149; plea, 150; sees concentration camp film, 160; evidence against, 163, 165, 178, 179, 183, 249, 287, 299–300, 330; in court, 233; reactions to the trial, 237–8, 239, 423; on Hitler, 240; defence, 252, 253–4, 256, 277, 300–5; cross-examination, 263, 305–7, 313; final prosecution speech, 420; final plea, 441, 442–3; awaiting judgement, 454, 456; judgement and sentence, 456, 471, 472; appeal, 479; last days, 480; execution, 485, 486, 487; biography, 500
Riefenstahl, Leni, 148
Ripper, Rudolf, 38
Roberts, Brigadier General, 222
Robert, G.D. ‘Khaki’, 71n., 136, 180, 272, 285, 372, 385–6
Roditi, Eduard, 218
Roehm Purge (1934), 107, 269, 277, 280; 331, 390–1, 392, 440
Rohrscheidt, 161, 162–3, 295, 437
Rommel, Christine, 145–6
Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 332
Roosevelt, Elliott, 24
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 68, 110, 323; Casablanca conference, 13; condemns Nazi atrocities, 21; Tehran Conference, 24; plans for postwar Germany, 50, 52, 53–4, 60–1; Yalta Conference, 61, 63; death, 65, 69
Root, Elihu, 52
Rosenberg, Alfred, 12, 153, 242, 375, 377; capture, 36; internment, 46, 48; inclusion in trial, 92, 93; archives, 97; Einstab Rosenberg, 108, 321; indictment, 121, 132–3; lawyer, 122; in Nuremberg jail, 128, 129; plea, 150; treatment of prisoners-of-war, 153; evidence against, 172–3; defence, 212, 278; reactions to the trial, 237, 238, 421; trial, 314–15, 320–2; and the Speer trial, 399; final plea, 442, 443; awaiting judgement, 453; sentence, 458; last days, 480; execution, 486; biography, 500
Rosenman, Sam, 61, 63–5, 69
Rotterdam, 272
Rowe, James, 138, 465
Royal Air Force (RAF), 98, 354-–5
Royal Corps of Signals, 229–30
RSHA (Reich Main Security Office), 316–17
Rudenko, Roman, 95, 103, 144, 231, 297, 364; criticizes indictment, 119; and the conduct of the trial, 175; case for the prosecution, 194, 195; protests at defendants’ press interviews, 214; cross-examinations, 273; cross-examination of Goering, 288; cross-examination of Ribbentrop, 306–7; cross-examination of Keitel, 310, 311, 313; concern at length of trial, 314; Rosenberg’s trial, 322; Katyn massacre allegations, 411; final prosecution speech, 418, 424; on the prosecution of organizations, 427; after Nuremberg, 476
Ruhr, 240, 396, 398
Rules of Procedure, 116, 119, 137, 489
Rumania, 195
Rundstedt, Field Marshal, 93, 439
Rusk, Dean, 29
Russo-Finnish War, 262
SA, 377, 389; inclusion in indictment, 107; case against, 170, 425, 427, 452; trial, 440–1; acquittal, 467
Sachsenhausen, 319
Sagan, 21, 269, 277, 285–6, 311
St James’s Declaration (1942), 21–2, 24, 27, 28, 52, 62
San Francisco Conference (1945), 65, 70, 71
Sauckel, Fritz, 12, 242, 322, 395; capture, 38; inclusion in trial, 93; lawyer, 123; in Nuremberg jail, 127, 128, 129; indictment, 132; plea, 150; treatment of prisoners-of-war, 153; sees concentration camp film, 160–1; evidence against, 166, 167, 172, 271–2; reactions to the trial, 237, 239; trial, 373, 378–81; final plea, 441, 443; awaiting judgement, 453–4; sentence, 457–8, 460, 472; appeal, 479; execution, 486; biography, 501
Sauter, Dr, 124, 211, 300, 301, 414, 416
Schacht, Frau, 122, 343, 455
Schacht, Hjalmar, 12, 206, 207, 235, 242, 258–9, 365; arrest, 41–2; inclusion in trial, 92, 93–4; lawyer, 122; in Nuremberg jail, 128–30; indictment, 132; trial opens, 148–9; plea, 150; sees concentration camp film, 160; reactions to trial, 169, 238, 331, 421; defence fees, 217; in court, 233; on Goering, 241; defence, 252, 278; cross-examination, 265; on Ribbentrop, 301, 305; trial, 313, 330, 337–46, 373; accuses fellow defendants, 324; evidence against, 332; on Funk, 348; on Raeder, 363; and the Speer trial, 399; final defence speech, 413; final prosecution speech, 420; final plea, 442; awaiting judgement, 453, 455; acquittal, 463, 464, 465, 468–70, 477; after the trial, 477, 478; biography, 501
Schellenberg, Dr, 433
Schirach, Baldur von, 12, 242, 294, 341; arrest, 39–40; inclusion in trial, 92, 93; in Nuremberg jail, 128, 129n.; indictment, 132; trial opens, 149; plea, 150; evidence, 159; reactions to the trial, 169, 238, 324; attitude to Hitler, 240; attitude to Goering, 241; defence, 278; on Goering, 278; on Schacht, 343; denounces Hitler, 365, 376–7; trial, 373–8; final defence speech, 414; final plea, 442; awaiting judgement, 453; sentence, 459, 472; release, 478; appeal, 479; after the trial, 487; biography, 501–2
Schirach, Frau, 456, 472, 478
Schloss Marburg, 97–8
Schloss Tambach, 98–9
Schmidt, Paul, 98, 303–4, 389
Schmundt minutes, 181, 362
Schuschnigg, Kurt, 42, 210, 311, 386, 387, 388, 391
Schuster, 23
Schwabenland, Emma, 257, 455
Schwerin Krosigk, Count, 47
SD, 308, 311, 358; case against, 164, 166, 425; Kaltenbrunner and, 316, 317; trial, 432
Seidl, Dr, 124, 210, 211, 248, 249, 295–9, 333, 364, 412–13, 415, 417, 442
Servatius, Dr, 123, 380–1, 479
Severing, 342
Seyss-Inquart, Arthur, 12, 242, 316; capture, 38; inclusion in trial, 93; in Nuremberg jail, 127, 129–130, 386–7; indictment, 132; trial opens, 147, 149; evidence, 159; defence, 253, 278; reactions to the trial, 292, 324; trial, 386–9; final defence speech, 413; final plea, 442, 443; awaiting judgement, 453; sentence, 458, 459; execution, 486; biography, 502
SHAEF, 96, 100n.
Shawcross, Sir Hartley, 137, 144, 289; appointment to Tribunal, 94–5; preparation of evidence, 105–6; choice of judges, 111–12; and defence lawyers, 123; and inclusion of Krupps in trial, 139–40; case for the prosecution, 176–80; Norwegian question, 263; final prosecution speech, 417–20, 421–4; sentences, 458; leaves Nuremberg, 475; and the executions, 481
Shea, Francis, 70
Sheaf Mead, SS, 186
Shirer, William, 220
Shmaglerskaya, Severina, 200, 201
Sicily, 31
Siemers, 362, 413, 416
Sievers, Wolfram, 433
Silesia, 397
Simon, Lord, 23, 25, 62–3, 64–5, 475
Skorzeny, Otto, 44
slave labour, 378–81, 395–6
Slavs, 153–4, 172, 195, 199, 321, 442
Smirnov, 323
Smith, Bradley, 100n.
Smolensk, 412
Snow, Edgar, 38, 40
South America, 479
Soviet Union, Potsdam Conference, 84; Nazi-Soviet Pact, 104–5, 152, 159, 179–80, 251, 297–8, 450; German invasion, 135, 152, 159, 163–4, 178, 311, 363, 384, 385; German occupation, 194–5, 197–201, 277, 321; treatment of prisoners-of-war, 196–7; Churchill’s ‘iron curtain’ speech, 201; Russo-Finnish war, 262
Nuremberg Tribunal: investigation of German war crimes, 20; Moscow conference, 23; attitude to war crimes trial, 63; opposition to their inclusion in trial, 72–3; London Conference, 74–83, 85–90; choice of location for trial, 84; propose second trial, 93, 373; choice of defendant, 93; choice of prosecution team, 95; and the preparation of evidence, 102–9, 134; billets in Nuremberg, 109; judges, 111, 207; preparation of indictment, 113–14, 119–20; trial procedure, 117–19; interrogations, 130–1; wants to delay trial, 144–5; case for the prosecution, 175–6, 194–201; objections to British case, 179–80; private life in Nuremberg, 231; objections to conduct of defence, 255–6; cross-examinations, 263; Katyn massacre allegations, 410–12; final prosecution speech, 418, 424; drafting of judgements, 447–52; sentences, 456–64; dissention from judgements, 465–6, 475; prosecution team leaves Nuremberg, 476
Spaak, Paul-Henri, 479
Spandau prison, 478
Speer, Albert, 12, 33, 346, 365, 485; in Flensburg, 35–6; arrest, 42; internment, 48; inclusion in trial, 93; in Nuremberg jail, 125, 129; indictment, 132; hears Churchill’s ‘iron curtain’ speech, 201; in court, 233; reactions to the trial, 238, 241–2, 331, 470; defence, ‘ 243; evidence against, 271; on Goering’s defence, 278; on Schacht, 343; denounces Hitler, 365, 337, 396–8; on Seyss-Inquart, 386; trial, 393–400; attempted assassination of Hitler, 398–9; final prosecution speech, 420–1; final plea, 442, 443; awaiting judgement, 453; sentence, 460, 472; release, 478; after the trial, 480, 487; last days, 482; biography, 502–3
Sprecher, Drexel, 222, 302, 375, 404
SS, 34, 167, 223, 306, 377; inclusion in indictment, 107; case against, 168, 170, 425, 427, 428, 430, 451, 452; possibility of attack on court house, 227–8; trial, 433–5
Stahlhelm, 440
Stahmer, Dr, 122, 211, 214, 247, 258, 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, 331–2, 415, 441, 483
Stalag Luft III, 21, 269, 277, 285–6, 312
Stalin, Joseph, 38, 60, 144, 232, 311, 477; and the United Nations War Crimes Commission, 22; Tehran Conference, 24; show trials, 26; Yalta Conference, 61, 63; attitude to war crimes trial, 63; Potsdam Conference, 84, 92; Nazi-Soviet Pact, 298
Stalingrad, 195
Stars and Stripes, 121, 140, 148, 163, 213–14, 233, 334, 393
Steengracht, 302–3
Steinbauer, 387–8, 413
Stimson, Henry, 50, 51–4, 55, 58–60, 61, 63, 81, 416
Stone, Chief Justice, 69, 476
Storey, Colonel, 70, 100, 101, 103, 130, 158, 170, 175, 215, 348
Strauss, Richard, 348
Streicher, Frau, 455
Streicher, Julius, 12, 235, 242, 347; arrest, 41; internment, 45, 46, 48; inclusion in trial, 92, 93; lawyer, 121; in Nuremberg jail, 125, 128–30; indictment, 133; sanity, 137; trial opens, 149; sees concentration camp film, 160; in court, 233; on Himmler, 238–9; trial, 333–7, 404; final defence speech, 413; reactions to the trial, 421; final plea, 442, 443; awaiting judgement, 453, 454, 455–6; verdict and sentence, 457, 463, 468, 471; execution, 484, 486; biography, 503
‘Strength through Joy’ movement, 41
Strong, Major General, 39
Stroop, General, 157
Der Stürmer, 41, 133, 334–7, 374
Suddeutsche Zeitung, 222
Sudetenland, 53, 120, 152, 260, 304, 305, 341, 352, 393, 440
Sunday Express, 295
Sunday Times, 179, 423
Supreme Court (USA), 69, 95, 225, 476
Sweden, 261
Taglische Rundschau, 213
Taylor, Telford, 170–1, 290, 373, 435, 436, 438, 439
Tchaikovsky, Peter, 199
Tehran Conference (1943), 24, 63, 477
Thirty Years War, 16, 231
Thoma, Dr, 212, 314–15
Thomson, Colonel ‘Tommy’, 97, 98
Thyssen, Fritz, 42
The Times, 89, 94, 120, 188, 194, 208, 254, 272, 274, 279, 287, 288, 305, 318, 319, 342, 344, 351, 353, 357, 359, 377, 380, 383, 391, 397, 421, 465, 469
Todt, 346, 394
Tojo, Hideki, 24
Tolstoy, Leo, 199
Trainin, Professor, 75, 78, 80, 81, 85, 86, 371
Treasury (US), 70
Treblinka, 200–1, 319–20
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 33, 93
Troutbeck, 72, 252
Truman, Harry S., 65, 66, 69–71, 73, 110–11, 476, 488, 491
Turkey, 363, 390, 391
Turrall, Colonel, 136–7, 372
Ukraine, 163, 171, 199, 405
United Nations, 30, 63, 81, 85, 89, 110, 157, 193, 450, 479, 488; Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Basic Freedoms, 491; Convention on Genocide, 491; International Law Commission, 488
United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC) 22–3, 28–9, 30, 37, 62, 71, 80n., 92, 96, 435
United States of America, Moscow Conference, 23–4; response to war criminal problem, 29–30; occupation of Flensburg, 35–6; arrests Nazis, 39–42; Nazi prisoners, 43–8; plans for postwar Germany, 50–4; plans for international tribunal, 50, 54–61, 63–6; preparations for trial, 68–71, 73–4; London Conference, 74–83, 85–90; choice of location for trial, 83–4; Potsdam Conference, 84; choice of defendants, 92–3; preparation of evidence, 97, 100–9, 134–5; choice of judges, 110–11, 207–8; preparation of indictment, 112–14; trial procedure, 117–19; interrogations, 130–1; living conditions in Nuremberg, 136; and the inclusion of Krupps in the trial, 138–9; case for the prosecution, 158–61, 163–73, 175–6, 181–2; legal team, 225–6; cross-examinations, 263–4, 265–6; Laconia affair, 356–7, 366–7; and the idea of a second trial, 373; final prosecution speech, 417–18, 420–1; drafting of judgements, 447–52; sentences, 456–64; prosecution team leaves Nuremberg, 476; and the executions, 481
US Army, 43, 83, 97, 109, 136
US Navy, 102, 251
US Senate, 85
US Signal Corps, 110
US State Department, 109–10
Uruguay, 479
Vaillant Couturier, Madame, 193–4
Vansittart, Lord, 254
Vatican, 392, 480
Vernik, Jacob, 200–1
Versailles Treaty (1919), 13, 14, 18, 19, 51, 52, 121, 151, 152, 183, 188, 251, 260, 269, 296–7, 343
Vichy government, 356
Vienna, 374, 375, 376, 391, 392, 413
Vienna, Congress of (1815), 227
Vilna massacre, 201
Volchkov, 111, 207, 256, 464
Volkischer Beobachter, 320
Vyshinsky, Andre, 232, 477
Waffen SS, 299, 417, 427, 430, 434–5
Wagner, Admiral, 187, 359
Waldock, Humphrey, 184
Wallenstein, 231
Walsh, 167–8
War Department (USA), 50, 53
War Office (Britain), 29, 230, 354, 479
Warlimont, General, 47, 195
Warsaw, 166, 284
Warsaw Ghetto, 157, 238, 318, 435
Warsaw Rising (1944), 21
Watson, Brigadier, 227
Wechsler, Herbert, 57–8, 65, 116, 207, 290, 372, 449
Wehrmacht, 377, 398, 438, 440; see also German Army; German Navy
Weimar, 373
Weimar Constitution, 419
Weimar Republic, 238, 339, 390
Weir, Major General, 63–4
Weizsacker, 364
Welley, Dr, 46
West, Rebecca, 13–14, 467, 470
Westhoff, General, 312
Weygand, General, 163, 263
Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John, 96, 98, 181n., 228–9, 264, 266–7, 288, 434
Wielen, Max, 312
Wiesbaden Kurier, 222
Wilhelm I, Kaiser, 98n.
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 17–18, 390
Wilkinson, Major, 231
Willey, Harold, 119, 121, 135, 136
Williams, J. Emlyn, 190–1
Windsor, Duke of, 253
Winwood, Major, 123
Wisliceny, Dieter, 171
Witzleben, Field Marshal, 329
Wolff, 93
Woods, John C., 485, 487
Woodward, E.L., 181, 223, 254
Wright, Lord, 28–9
Wright, Quincey, 116
Wurmser, Major Alfred, 216
Yalta Conference (1945), 13, 61, 63, 435
Yamashita, Tomoyuki, 204, 247
Yugoslavia, 385, 435; wants Yugoslav prosecutor, 103; German invasion, 152, 178, 195, 277, 287
Zirndorff, 231