cross-reference~ approximately
cross-reference
decreased
increased
leading to
normal
website
± with or without
2D two-dimensional
3D three-dimensional
5HT 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm
AAGBI Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland
ABG arterial blood gas
ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ACJ acromioclavicular joint
ACL anterior cruciate ligament
ACR albumin:creatinine ratio
ACS acute coronary syndrome
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADP adenosine diphosphate
ADPKD autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
AF atrial fibrillation
AFP Academic Foundation Programme
AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AKI acute kidney injury
ALF Access to Learning Fund
ALP alkaline phosphatase
ALS advanced life support
AMD age-related macular degeneration
ANA antinuclear antibody
AP anteroposterior
APTT activated partial thromboplastin time
ARB angiotensin receptor blocker
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
AS aortic stenosis or ankylosing spondylitis
ASA aminosalicylic acid
aSAH aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
ASCT allogenic stem cell transplant
ASIS anterior superior iliac spine
AST aspartate transaminase
ATLS® Advanced Trauma Life Support®
ATN acute tubular necrosis
AV atrioventricular
AXR abdominal X-ray
BAL bronchoalveolar lavage
BCC basal cell carcinoma
BCG bacillus Calmette–Guérin
BMA British Medical Association
BMedSci Bachelor in Medical Sciences
BMI body mass index
BNF British National Formulary
BNFC British National Formulary for Children
BNP B-type natriuretic peptide
BP blood pressure
BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
bpm beats per minute
BPPV benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
BSc Bachelor of Science
BTS British Thoracic Society
CABG coronary artery bypass graft
CBD common bile duct
CBT cognitive behavioural therapy
CCT certificate of completion of training
CD Crohn’s disease
CGA comprehensive geriatric assessment
CHD congenital heart disease
CJD Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
CK creatine kinase
CMV Cytomegalovirus
CNS central nervous system
CO cardiac output
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COX cyclooxygenase
CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CRB Criminal Record Bureau
CREST calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, (o)esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia
CRP C-reactive protein
CS caesarean section
CSF cerebrospinal fluid
C-spine cervical spine
CT computed tomography
CTPA computed tomography pulmonary angiogram
CV curriculum vitae
CVA cerebrovascular accident
CVC central venous catheter
CVP central venous pressure
CVS cardiovascular system
CXR chest X-ray
D&V diarrhoea and vomiting
DC direct current
DHx drug history
DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation
DIPJ distal interphalangeal joint
DKA diabetic ketoacidosis
DM diabetes mellitus
DMARD disease-modifying anti-rheumatoid drug
DPhil Doctor of Philosophy
DRE digital rectal examination
DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DTaP diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
DVLA Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency
DVT deep vein thrombosis
EBV Epstein–Barr virus
ECG electrocardiography/electrocardiogram
ED emergency department
EEG electroencephalography/electroencephalogram
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMQ extended matching question
EPO erythropoietin
ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ERV expiratory reserve volume
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ETT endotracheal tube
EUS endoscopic ultrasound
EVAR endovascular aneurysm repair
FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorting
FBC full blood count
FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
FHx family history
FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization
FNA fine-needle aspiration
FNAC fine-needle aspiration cytology
FRC functional residual capacity
FVC forced vital capacity
FY1 Foundation Year 1
G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GA general anaesthesia
GC gonorrhoea
GCA giant cell arteritis
GCP Good Clinical Practice
GCS Glasgow coma scale
GHJ glenohumeral joint
GI gastrointestinal
GMC General Medical Council
GORD gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
GP general practitioner
GTN glyceryl trinitrate
GUM genitourinary medicine
HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy
Hb haemoglobin
HbA1c glycated haemoglobin
hCG human chorionic gonadotropin
HD Huntington disease
HDU high dependency unit
HiB Haemophilus influenza type B
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
HL Hodgkin lymphoma
HNPCC hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
HPB hepatopancreatobiliary
HPC history of presenting complaint
HPV human papilloma virus
HSV herpes simplex virus
IBD inflammatory bowel disease
IC inspiratory capacity
ICD International Classification of Diseases
ICE ideas, concerns, and expectations
ICP intracranial pressure
Ig immunoglobulin
IHD ischaemic heart disease
IM intramuscular
IMA inferior mesenteric artery
INR international normalized ratio
IOL intraocular lens
IPJ interphalangeal joint
IPPA inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation
IPV inactivated polio vaccine
IRV inspiratory reserve volume
ITU intensive therapy unit
IV intravenous
IVDU intravenous drug user
IVF in vitro fertilization
JVP jugular venous pressure
KUB kidneys, ureters, and bladder
LCL lateral collateral ligament
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LFT liver function test
LIF left iliac fossa
LMA laryngeal mask airway
LMP last menstrual period
LMWH low-molecular-weight heparin
LP lumbar puncture
LRTI lower respiratory tract infection
LUQ left upper quadrant
LV left ventricular
MAP mean arterial pressure
MC&S microscopy, culture, and sensitivity
mcg microgram
MCL medial collateral ligament
MCPJ metacarpophalangeal joint
MCQ multiple-choice question
MDDUS Medical Doctors and Dentists Defence Union of Scotland
MDT multidisciplinary team
MDU Medical Defence Union
MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia
MHC major histocompatibility complex
MI myocardial infarction
MMR measles, mumps, and rubella
MMSE Mini–Mental State Examination
MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment
MPS Medical Protection Society
MR mitral regurgitation
MRC Medical Research Council
MRCP magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MS multiple sclerosis
MSk musculoskeletal
MSU midstream specimen of urine
MTPJ metatarsophalangeal joint
MV mitral valve
N&V nausea and vomiting
NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NAI non-accidental injury
NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NF1 neurofibromatosis type 1
NG nasogastric
NHL non-Hodgkin lymphoma
NHS National Health Service
NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
NIV non-invasive ventilation
NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
NSTEMI non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
O&G obstetrics and gynaecology
OA osteoarthritis
OGD oesophagogastroduodenoscopy
OGTT oral glucose tolerance test
OHFP2 Oxford Handbook for the Foundation Programme, second edition
OMFS oral and maxillofacial surgery
OSCE objective structured clinical examination
PA posteroanterior
PBC primary biliary cholangitis
PBL problem-based learning
PC presenting complaint
PCA patient-controlled analgesia
PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
PCL posterior cruciate ligament
PCOS polycystic ovarian syndrome
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PE pulmonary embolism
PEFR peak expiratory flow rate
PEP post-exposure prophylaxis
PET positron emission tomography
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
PICC peripherally inserted central catheter
PID pelvic inflammatory disease
PIPJ proximal interphalangeal joint
PMHx past medical history
PMR polymyalgia rheumatica
PNS peripheral nervous system
PO orally
PPI proton pump inhibitor
PR per rectum (rectally)
PSA prescribing skills assessment
PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis
PTH parathyroid hormone
PV per vaginam (vaginally)
PVD peripheral vascular disease
RA rheumatoid arthritis
RAPD relative afferent pupillary defect
RAS renin–angiotensin system
RBC red blood cell
Rh rhesus
RIF right iliac fossa
ROM range of movement
RRT renal replacement therapy
RSM Royal Society of Medicine
RTC road traffic collision
RUQ right upper quadrant
RV residual volume
SAQ short answer question
SBA single best answer
SC subcutaneously
SCC squamous cell carcinoma
SCJ sternoclavicular joint
SDH subdural haematoma
SHO senior house officer
SHx social history
SIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SJS Stevens–Johnson syndrome
SJT situational judgement test
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
SMA superior mesenteric artery
SOB shortness of breath
SSc systemic sclerosis
SSM special study module
SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
stat immediately
STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction
STI sexually transmitted infection
STJ scapulothoracic joint
SVC superior vena cava
SVT supraventricular tachycardia
T3 triiodothyronine
T4 thyroxine
TB tuberculosis
TBI traumatic brain injury
TCA tricyclic antidepressant
TEN toxic epidermal necrolysis
TIA transient ischaemic attack
TLC total lung capacity
TLS tumour lysis syndrome
TNF tumour necrosis factor
TOE transoesophageal echocardiography
TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone
TTE transthoracic echocardiography
TURP transurethral resection of the prostate
TVF tactile vocal fremitus
U&E urea and electrolytes
UC ulcerative colitis
UGI upper gastrointestinal
URTI upper respiratory tract infection
US ultrasound or United States
UTI urinary tract infection
V/Q ventilation/perfusion
VC vital capacity
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
VF ventricular fibrillation
VSD ventricular septal defect
VT ventricular tachycardia
VTE venous thromboembolism
WCC white cell count
WHO World Health Organization