Appendix C Guide to the Lawsuits Filed to Challenge the Election Results

The following sources provide further details, court documents, and analysis of post-2020 election challenges filed in US states and territories:

• Democracy Docket—www.democracydocket.com
• Stanford-MIT Healthy Elections Project—https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/
• Brennan Center for Justice Voting Rights Litigation Tracker 2020—https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/court-cases/voting-rights-litigation-tracker-2020

State	Date Filed	Description	Lawsuit Outcome
Arizona
AZ	November 4	Aguilera v. Fontes1 This lawsuit claimed that Sharpies damaged ballots and votes were not properly counted. The lawsuit was voluntarily dismissed on November 7.	Voluntarily Dismissed
AZ	November 7	Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Hobbs2 The Trump campaign filed a lawsuit claiming votes in Maricopa County were mishandled and wrongly rejected. Like Aguilera v. Fontes (filed on November 4; voluntarily dismissed on November 7), it alleged that ballots completed with a Sharpie were not counted by the ballot processing machine. The Trump campaign then dropped the suit because the small number of ballots would not have overturned Biden’s lead.3 The lawsuit was dismissed on November 13.	Dismissed
AZ	November 12	Arizona Republican Party v. Fontes4 A suit by the Arizona Republican Party against Maricopa County. It sought to expand the state’s election audit by calling for a hand count of “precincts” not “voting centers.” Superior Court of Arizona judge John H. Hannah dismissed the case on November 18.	Dismissed
AZ	November 12	Aguilera v. Fontes5 Filed by two Republican voters who claimed their votes were not counted. The superior court dismissed the case with prejudice on November 29.	Dismissed
AZ	November 24	Ward v. Jackson6 This lawsuit, filed by the Arizona Republican Party chair Kelli Ward, sought to block the certification of the 2020 presidential election. It was rejected by the supreme court of Arizona. The US Supreme Court denied the petition on February 22, 2021.	Denied
AZ	December 2	Bowyer v. Ducey7 Republican electors sought to decertify the 2020 presidential election results. US District Court judge Diane Humetawa dismissed the election challenge on December 9. In her ruling, Humetawa wrote, “Allegations that find favor in the public sphere of gossip and innuendo cannot be a substitute for earnest pleadings and procedure in federal court. They most certainly cannot be the basis for upending Arizona’s 2020 General Election.”8 The US Supreme Court denied a subsequent writ of mandamus.	Dismissed; Denied
AZ	December 4	Stevenson v. Ducey9 Republican voters, members of the Arizona Election Integrity Association, sought to vacate the certification of the 2020 presidential election. Their claims included a charge that state officials allowed for “double voting.”	Voluntarily Dismissed
AZ	December 7	Burk v. Ducey10 Pinal County judge Kevin D. White dismissed a lawsuit filed by Staci Burk, an individual voter. Burk filed the challenge late and she was not a registered voter during the 2020 general election. Therefore, she was not eligible to file the election contest. The Arizona Supreme Court upheld the dismissal on January 5. An appeal was made to the US Supreme Court on March 3, 2021, no decision has been reached. 11	Dismissed

Georgia
GA	November 4	In re: Enforcement of Election Laws12 A lawsuit filed by the Georgia GOP and the Trump campaign in Chatham County. The petition alleged that election officials improperly tabulated late absentee ballots. On November 5, Superior Court judge James Bass ruled that “there is no evidence that the Chatham County Board of Elections or the Chatham County Board of Registrars has failed to comply with the law.”	Dismissed
GA	November 11	Brooks v. Mahoney13 A lawsuit filed by Georgia voters that sought to stop the certification of the election results in Democratic-leaning counties. The petition claimed that elections officials included “illegal Presidential Elector results.” The plaintiffs filed for voluntarily dismissal on November 16.	Voluntarily Dismissed
GA	November 13	Wood v. Raffensperger14 This lawsuit, filed by pro-Trump lawyer L. Lin Wood, challenged the use of absentee ballots in the general election results. On November 19, federal judge Steven Grimberg, a Trump appointee, rejected the lawsuit, responding, “He has not presented any evidence demonstrating how he will suffer any particularized harm.… The fact that his preferred candidate did not prevail in the General Election … does not create a legally cognizable harm, much less an irreparable one.”	Dismissed with Prejudice
		Wood appealed to the 11th US Circuit Court of Appeals, which affirmed the district court’s decision. The US Supreme Court denied Wood’s petition on February 22, 2021, and the case was dismissed with prejudice on February 24.
GA	November 25	Wood v. Raffensperger15 Filed by the right-wing group Georgia Voters Alliance on behalf of an “aggrieved elector.” This election contest sought to “nullify the presidential election results in Georgia and block the state from certifying the results so that the Georgia General Assembly could appoint electors.” Biden electors successfully intervened, and the superior court of Fulton County granted their motion to dismiss on December 8.	Dismissed
GA	November 25	Pearson v. Kemp16 This lawsuit alleged that Dominion Voting equipment “rigged” the presidential election and it attempted to decertify Georgia’s election results. On November 30, a federal judge barred election officials from “altering, destroying, or erasing, or allowing the alteration, destruction, or erasure of, any software or data on any Dominion voting machine” pending the lawsuit.17 After this ruling, the plaintiffs (represented by a legal team that included Sidney Powell) embarked on a lengthy court process that included several appeals. Ultimately, Powell withdrew the lawsuit from the 11th Circuit and US Supreme Court on January 19, 2021.	Dismissed
GA	November 30	Boland v. Raffensperger18 A lawsuit filed by Paul Andrew Boland, an individual voter. It alleged that ballots were cast by out-of-state voters. Judge Emily K. Richardson of the superior court of Fulton County dismissed the case on December 8, writing, “The allegations in the complaint rest on speculation rather than duly pled facts.” Following an emergency appeal to the Georgia Supreme Court (which was dismissed), the voter voluntarily dismissed the lawsuit on January 7, 2021.	Voluntarily Dismissed
GA	December 4	Trump v. Raffensperger19 An election contest filed by Trump, the Trump campaign, and a Trump elector. It alleged “significant systemic misconduct, fraud, and other irregularities” occurred and “many thousands of illegal votes” were included in the vote tabulations. At one point, the petitioners claimed a lower court judge was not qualified to preside over the case—the Georgia Supreme Court dismissed this appeal. The petitioners voluntarily dismissed the case on January 7, 2021.	Voluntarily Dismissed
GA	December 31	Trump v. Kemp20 Like the previous lawsuits filed by Donald Trump, this emergency injunction attempted to decertify the 2020 election results based on claims of “illegal voting.” It also claimed that “unqualified individuals,” including convicted felons, underage individuals, out-of-state voters, and deceased individuals, were permitted to vote. It was voluntarily dismissed on January 7, 2021.	Voluntarily Dismissed

Michigan
MI	November 4	Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Benson21 The Trump campaign filed a lawsuit against Michigan secretary of state Jocelyn Benson to stop the absentee vote count. The Michigan Court of Claims denied the plaintiffs’ motion for declaratory judgment. The Michigan Court of Appeals and Michigan Supreme Court then denied further appeals, closing the case on January 6, 2021.	Denied
MI	November 4	Stoddard v. City Election Commission22 Filed by an individual voter and the Election Integrity Fund, a conservative nonprofit. It attempted to block absentee ballots in Detroit. Circuit Court judge Timothy Kenny dismissed the case on November 6, calling the allegations “mere speculation.” He argued a delay in counting the vote “without any evidentiary basis for doing so” would harm public interest and it “engenders a lack of confidence in the City of Detroit to conduct full and fair elections.”	Dismissed
MI	November 9	Costantino v. Detroit23 A lawsuit filed by GOP poll challengers in Detroit, the majority of which allege fraud. The plaintiffs’ requested that the board of election conduct an audit of the election, stop the certification of the vote, and order a new election. All requests were denied by the trial court and both the Michigan Court of Appeals and Supreme Court. Wayne County Circuit Court judge Timothy M. Kenny dismissed the case on January 8, 2021.	Dismissed
MI	November 11	Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Benson24 This lawsuit, filed by individual voters and the Trump campaign, claimed Wayne County officials did not follow election code. It claimed that credentialed poll challengers were denied “meaningful opportunity” to review ballots during the tabulation process. The lawsuit was voluntarily dismissed on November 19, 2020.	Voluntarily Dismissed
MI	November 11	Bally v. Whitmer25 An attempt by individual voters to exclude election results from Wayne, Washtenaw, and Ingraham Counties. Among the complaints, the plaintiffs argued that poll watchers were excluded from the canvassing process and cited Costantino v. Detroit and Trump v. Benson in the court filings.	Voluntarily Dismissed
MI	November 25	King v. Whitmer26 Individual voters sought to decertify Michigan’s election results. The complaint alleged “hundreds of thousands of illegal, ineligible, duplicate or purely fictitious ballots” were cast through the “systemic adaptation of old-fashioned ‘ballot-stuffing.’ ” The district court denied the request for injunctive relief, and the US Supreme Court denied the petition.	Denied
MI	November 25	Johnson v. Benson27 Filed by the Thomas More Society, this lawsuit asked the Michigan Supreme Court to “segregate” ballots and delay the certification of the election results. The lawsuit alleged that “respondent state officials failed to allow meaningful poll observation, instructed election workers to count invalid ballots, and permitted grant funding from Mark Zuckerberg.”28 The Michigan Supreme Court denied the petition.	Denied

Nevada
NV	November 5	Stokke v. Cegavske29 This lawsuit, filed by individuals and two congressional campaigns, challenged the use of mail ballot processing machines in Clark County. It claimed that the county’s ballot processing machines used software that did not verify signatures on absentee ballots. After the district court denied the plaintiffs’ motion for injunctive relief, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the case.	Voluntarily Dismissed
NV	November 17	Law v. Whitmer30 Individual Trump electors alleged voter fraud. It alleged that ballot processing machines either mismatched or did not verify signatures. It asked that Biden’s election be annulled “and no candidate for elector for the office of President of the United States of America be certified from the state of Nevada.” On December 4, the state court dismissed the lawsuit saying, “Contestants did not prove under any standard of proof that any illegal votes were cast and counted, or legal votes were not counted at all, for any other improper or illegal reason.”31 The Nevada Supreme Court upheld the decision and dismissed the lawsuit on December 8.	Dismissed
Pennsylvania
PA	October 28	Woodruff v. Philadelphia County Board of Elections32 A lawsuit filed by a conservative group, Public Interest Legal Foundation, that sought to void mail-in ballots in Philadelphia. The court denied the petition on November 2, the day prior to Election Day, but it is indicative of the legal challenges that would follow.	Denied
PA	November 4	Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Philadelphia County Board of Elections33 This lawsuit claimed poll watchers for the Trump campaign were not given equal access to observe the ballot counting in Philadelphia. After Trump’s attorneys admitted their observers had indeed been given access, Judge Diamond—a George W. Bush appointee—asked, “I’m sorry, then what’s your problem?”34 The US District Court judge Paul Diamond denied the case without prejudice after the Trump campaign reached an agreement with Pennsylvania election officials.35
PA	November 5	In re: Canvass of Absentee and Mail-in Ballots of November 3, 2020, General Election36 In Montgomery County, the Trump campaign, Republican National Committee, and Republicans filed a similar lawsuit to stop the board of elections from counting absentee ballots, claiming inaccuracies. Judge Richard Haaz ruled against Trump on November 13, writing, “Voters should not be disenfranchised by reasonably relying upon voting instructions provided by election officials.”	Denied without Prejudice
PA	November 9	Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Boockvar37 Filed by the Trump campaign on November 10, this lawsuit challenged election results in key Democratic counties. Among the charges it argued include that election officials “did not undertake any meaningful effort to prevent the casting of illegal or unreliable absentee or mail-in ballots. Pennsylvania attorney general Jos Shapiro called the suit “meritless.”38 The lawsuit underwent a lengthy sequence of appeals.	Denied
		Federal judge Matthew Brann dismissed the suit on November 21. Brann wrote, “In the United States of America, this cannot justify the disenfranchisement of a single voter, let alone all the voters of its sixth most populated state.” He added, “One might expect that when seeking such a startling outcome, a plaintiff would come formidably armed with compelling legal arguments and factual proof of rampant corruption.… That has not happened.”39 On November 27, the 3rd US Circuit Court of Appeals denied a preliminary injunction pending appeal. Judge Stephanos Bibas, a Trump appointee, wrote, “Free, fair elections are the lifeblood of our democracy. Charges of unfairness are serious. But calling an election unfair does not make it so. Charges require specific allegations and then proof. We have neither here.”
PA	November 9	Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Bucks County Board of Elections40 An attempt by the Trump campaign, Republican National Convention, and other Republicans to not count a number of “defective” absentee ballots in Bucks County.	Denied
PA	November 10	In re: Canvass of Absentee and Mail-in Ballots of November 3, 2020, General Election41 On November 13, the Court of Common Pleas rejected five separate Trump petitions claiming that voters in Philadelphia County had improperly filled out their mail-in ballots or envelopes. Judge James Crumlish ruled that 8,329 ballots should be processed and counted.42	Dismissed
		The Pennsylvania Supreme Court upheld the order on November 23, writing that although some “failures” such as a missing date on the outer envelope of a ballot are a “technical violation of the Election Code, do not warrant the wholesale disenfranchisement of thousands of Pennsylvania voters.”
PA	November 21	Kelly v. Pennsylvania43 Republican candidates, including US representative Mike Kelly, and individual voters sought to block the certification of the presidential election results. “Specifically, the suit asked the court to exclude vote-by-mail ballots from the certified results or alternatively direct the general assembly to choose its own electors.” On November 25, the Pennsylvania Appeals Court ordered to stop the certification process. But on the 28th, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court overturned the decision following an emergency appeal from Governor Tom Wolf, which stated there was no “conceivable justification” to stop the certification.44 Ultimately, the lawsuit was denied.
PA	December 4	Metcalfe v. Wolfe45 An attempt by two GOP state representatives and two Republican voters to decertify the election results.	Dismissed. The US Supreme Court denied the petition
PA	December 20	Rudy Giuliani filed a petition with the US Supreme Court to overturn three decisions by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and by extension the election there. One law expert called the suit “frivolous.”	Voluntarily Dismissed

Wisconsin
WI	November 12	Langenhorst v. Pecore46 Individual voters alleged illegal votes were cast in Menomonie, Dane, and Milwaukee Counties, citing fraud that may occur with mail-in ballots. The plaintiffs asked the court to not include the presidential election votes from these counties and to stop the certification of election. On November 16th, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the case after the Democratic National Committee intervened.	Voluntarily Dismissed
WI	November 18	Trump v. Biden47 Filed by the Trump campaign, this lawsuit called for a recount in Dane and Milwaukee Counties. It attempted to invalidate 221,000 ballots. On December 14, Justice Brian Hagedorn wrote, “Our laws allow the challenge flag to be thrown regarding various aspects of election administration. The challenges raised by the Campaign in this case, however, come long after the last play or even the last game; the Campaign is challenging the rulebook adopted before the season began.”48	Voluntarily Dismissed
WI	November 23	Wisconsin Voters Alliance v. Wisconsin Elections Commission49 An attempt by the Wisconsin Voters Alliance, a conservative nonprofit group, and several Wisconsin voters to nullify and block the certification of the presidential election results. It claimed that “a systemic effort … using millions of dollars in private money sourced to Mark Zuckerberg” led to tens of thousands illegal absentee ballots being cast. The Wisconsin Supreme Court denied the petition on December 4.	Denied
WI	December 1	Trump v. Evers50 The Trump campaign’s attempt to challenge the legality of absentee ballots in Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Supreme Court denied the petition on December 3.	Denied
WI	December 1	Feehan v. Wisconsin Elections Commission51 A lawsuit filed by a Trump elector and a Republican congressional candidate. It alleged manipulation and fraud due to the Wisconsin State Board of Canvassers’s use of Dominion Voting Systems. It called for the decertification of the elections results. The lawsuit also referenced “the voting process at the TCF Center,” a polling location that did not exist in Wisconsin. On December 9, federal judge Pamela Pepper dismissed the suit, writing, “Federal judges do not appoint the president in this country. One wonders why the plaintiffs came to federal court and asked a federal judge to do so.” The US Supreme Court denied the petition on March 1, 2021. It was the final lawsuit from attorney Sidney Powell to be tossed.52	Denied
WI	December 2	Trump v. Wisconsin Elections Commission53 In this lawsuit, the Trump campaign petitioned the district court to “declare the election a failure, with the results discarded, and the door thus opened for the Wisconsin Legislature to appoint Presidential Electors in some fashion other than by following the certified voting results.”54	Dismissed
		Both the Democratic National Committee and the NAACP intervened. On December 12, the district court dismissed the case with prejudice, with Judge Brett Ludwig writing that a “sitting president who did not prevail in his bid for reelection has asked for federal court help in setting aside the popular vote based on disputed issues of election administration.” The US Supreme Court denied Trump’s petition on March 8, 2021.
TX	December 7	Texas v. Pennsylvania55 Filed by Texas attorney general Ken Paxton with seventeen states in support, this attempted to invalidate elections results in Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The District of Columbia and twenty-two states and territories filed opposition to Texas’s petition. The US Supreme Court denied the request for “lack of standing” on December 11.	Dismissed
1. “Aguilera v. Fontes,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/arizona-public-interest-ballot-cure.
2. “Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Hobbs,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/arizona-trump-sharpie-lawsuit.
3. Sara Randazzo, “Trump Drops Legal Challenge in Arizona,” Wall Street Journal, https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/latest-updates-biden-trump-election-2020/card/jU8pMZdnj6SyRqNBnYgl.
4. “Arizona Republican Party v. Fontes,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/arizona-election-audit-challenge; “Arizona Republican Party v. Fontes,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=376.
5. “Aguilera v. Fontes II,” Democracy Docket, November 11, 2020, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/arizona-vote-recasting-challenge/.
6. “Ward v. Jackson,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/arizona-election-contest/.
7. “Bowyer v. Ducey,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/arizona-decertification-challenge; “Bowyer v. Ducey,” Healthy Elections Project, December 13, 2020, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=409.
8. Maria Polletta, “Last Election Challenge Pending in Arizona Courts Thrown Out by Federal Judge in Blistering Ruling,” Arizona Republic, December 9, 2020, https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/12/09/federal-judge-throws-out-last-election-challenge-pending-arizona/6506927002.
9. “Stevenson v. Ducey,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/arizona-election-contest-2; “Stevenson v. Ducey,” Healthy Elections Project, December 12, 2020, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=416.
10. “Burk v. Ducey,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/arizona-pinal-county-decertification-challenge; “Burk v. Ducey,” Healthy Elections Project, May 12, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=422.
11. https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/cert-petition.pdf.
12. “In re: Enforcement of Election Laws,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/georgia-absentee-ballot-counting-chatham-county; WTOC Staff, “Chatham Co. Judge Dismisses Lawsuit Filed by Ga. GOP, Trump Campaign over Absentee Ballots,” WTOC, November 5, 2020, https://www.wtoc.com/2020/11/04/ga-republican-party-president-trumps-campaign-files-lawsuit-against-chatham-co-board-elections-over-absentee-ballots/.
13. “Brooks v. Mahoney,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/ga-democratic-counties-election-challenge; “Brooks v. Mahoney,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=373.
14. “Wood v. Raffensperger,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/georgia-presidential-electors-challenge; “Lin Wood v. Raffensperger,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=377.
15. “Wood v. Raffensperger,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/georgia-election-law-contest; “Wood v. Raffensperger,” Healthy Elections Project, December 7, 2020, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=417.
16. “Pearson v. Kemp,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/georgia-certification-challenge; “Pearson v. Kemp,” Healthy Elections Tracker, December 9, 2020, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=401.
17. Zack Burdyck, “Judge Directs State Officials Not to Reset Georgia Voting Machines,” The Hill, November 29, 2020, https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/20417947-pearonvkempfiledorder112920.
18. “Boland v. Raffensperger,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/georgia-decertification-challenge/; “Boland v. Raffensperger,” Healthy Elections Project, December 15, 2020, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=403.
19. “Trump v. Raffensperger,” Democracy Docket, August 13, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/georgia-trump-election-contest/; “Trump v. Raffensperger,” Healthy Elections Project, January 1, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=414.
20. “Trump v. Kemp,” Democracy Docket, August 12, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/georgia-trump-decertification-challenge; “Trump v. Kemp,” Healthy Elections Project, January 6, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=446.
21. “Donald J. Trump for President Inc. v. Benson,” Democracy Docket, August 16, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/michigan-absentee-counting-intervention; “Donald J. Trump for President v. Benson,” Healthy Elections Project, May 12, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=338.
22. “Stoddard v. City Election Commission,” Democracy Docket, August 16, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/michigan-election-integrity-oversight-process; “Stoddard v. City Election Commission,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=353.
23. “Costantino v. Detroit,” Democracy Docket, August 16, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/michigan-detroit-election-challenge; “Costantino v. Detroit,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=367.
24. “Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Benson,” Democracy Docket, August 16, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/michigan-wayne-county-results-challenge.
25. “Bally v. Whitmer,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=374.
26. “King v. Whitmer,” Democracy Docket, August 16, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/michigan-certification-challenge/; “King v. Whitmer,” Healthy Elections Project, January 12, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=410.
27. “Johnson v. Benson,” Democracy Docket, August 16, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/michigan-thomas-more-society-election-challenge/.
28. “Johnson v. Benson III,” Healthy Elections Project, December 12, 2020, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=411.
29. “Stokke v. Cegavske,” Democracy Docket, August 16, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/clark-county-vote-count-halt; “Stokke v. Cegavske,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=352.
30. “Law v. Whitmer,” Democracy Docket, August 16, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/nevada-election-law-contest/; “Law v. Whitmer,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=387.
31. Riley Snyder, “Judge Rejects Trump Campaign Lawsuit Seeking to Block State’s Presidential Election Results, Says No Evidence Election Was Affected by Fraud,” Nevada Independent, December 4, 2020, https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/judge-rejects-trump-campaign-lawsuit-seeking-to-block-states-presidential-election-results.
32. “Woodruff v. Philadelphia County Board of Elections,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/philadelphia-mail-ballot-intervention/.
33. “Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Philadelphia County Board of Elections,” Healthy Elections Project, May 15, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=350.
34. “As Trump’s Lead Weakened in Pennsylvania, His Allies Tried to Discredit the Count,” Washington Post, November 6, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/philadelphia-republican-observers-vote-count/2020/11/06/982385ac-2055-11eb-ba21-f2f001f0554b_story.html.
35. “Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Philadelphia County Board of Elections,” Democracy Docket, November 4, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/philadelphia-county-boe-count/.
36. “In re: Canvass of Absentee and Mail-In Ballots of November 3, 2020, General Election,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/montgomery-county-board-of-elections-vote-count/.
37. “Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Boockvar,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/pennsylvania-democratic-counties-challenge.
38. “Nine Legal Experts Say Trump’s Lawsuit Challenging Election Results in Pennsylvania Is Dead on Arrival,” USA Today, November 10, 2020, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/11/09/legal-experts-say-trumps-election-lawsuit-pennsylvania-baseless/6228914002/.
39. Josh Gerstein, Kyle Cheney, and Zach Montellaro, “ ‘This Is Simply Not How the Constitution Works’: Federal Judge Eviscerates Trump Lawsuit over Pennsylvania,” Politico, November 21, 2020, https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2020/11/21/this-is-simply-not-how-the-constitution-works-federal-judge-eviscerates-trump-lawsuit-over-pennsylvania-results-1337595.
40. “Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Bucks County Board of Elections,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=369.
41. “In re: Canvass of Absentee and Mail-In Ballots of November 3, 2020, General Election,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2020, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/philadelphia-county-boe-appeal/.
42. Matthew Santoni, “Pa. Judges Deny Trump’s Bid to Throw Out 8900 Ballots,” Law 360, November 13, 2020, https://www.law360.com/articles/1328932/pa-judges-deny-trump-s-bid-to-throw-out-8-900-ballots.
43. “Kelly v. Pennsylvania,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/pennsylvania-vbm-certification-challenge; “Kelly v. Pennsylvania,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=392.
44. Alison Durkee, “Pennsylvania Court Temporarily Blocks State from Certifying Votes in Response to GOP Challenge,” Forbes, November 25, 2020, https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2020/11/25/pennsylvania-court-temporarily-blocks-state-from-certifying-votes-in-response-to-gop-challenge/?sh=88d674259074.
45. “Metcalfe v. Wolfe,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/pennsylvania-decertification-challenge/.
46. “Langenhorst v. Pecore,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/wisconsin-democratic-counties-election-challenge; “Langenhorst v. Pecore,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2020, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=375.
47. “Trump v. Biden,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/wisconsin-2020-election-recount/.
48. Scott Bauer, “Wisconsin Supreme Court Tosses Trump Election Lawsuit,” Associated Press, December 14, 2020, https://apnews.com/article/wisonsin-supreme-court-trump-lawsuit-e6b3aa222b4141c0844d541c4b041964.
49. “Wisconsin Voters Alliance v. Wisconsin Elections Commission,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/wisconsin-certification-challenge/; “Wisconsin Voters Alliance v. Wisconsin Election Commissions,” Healthy Elections Project, May 13, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=393.
50. “Trump v. Evers,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/wisconsin-absentee-count-challenge/; “Trump v. Evers,” Healthy Elections Project, December 5, 2020, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=412.
51. “Feehan v. Wisconsin Elections Commission,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/wisconsin-decertification-challenge/.
52. Alison Durkee, “Sidney Powell’s Remaining ‘Kraken’ Cases Thrown Out by Supreme Court,” Forbes, March 1, 2021, https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2021/03/01/sidney-powell-remaining-kracken-cases-thrown-out-by-supreme-court.
53. “Trump v. Wisconsin Elections Commission,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/wisconsin-federal-election-challenge/; “Trump v. Wisconsin Elections Commission,” Healthy Elections Project, January 12, 2021, https://healthyelections-case-tracker.stanford.edu/detail?id=406.
54. “Donald J. Trump v. The Wisconsin Elections Commission, et al.,” Democracy Docket, December 12, 2020, https://www.democracydocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-12-12-Decision-And-Order-dckt-134_0-1.pdf.
55. “Texas v. Pennsylvania,” Democracy Docket, August 17, 2021, https://www.democracydocket.com/cases/texas-scotus-decertification-challenge; “Texas v. Pennsylvania,” SCOTUS Blog, December 11, 2020, https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/texas-v-pennsylvania.