Contents

PART I • The Crisis of Democracy

CHAPTER 1 The War of Liberation

MANNING THE FRONT

FORGING THE SWORD

THE SOCIETY OF THE BATTLEFIELD

“LET US DIE TO MAKE MEN FREE”

CHAPTER 2 The Reconstruction of Slavery

BOUND FOR FREEDOM

A REVOLUTIONARY EXPERIMENT

“I’SE FREE. AIN’T WUF NUFFIN”

PART II • The Business of Democracy

CHAPTER 3 The Forces of Production

INNOVATORS: THE INGENIOUS YANKEES

INVESTORS: EASTERN DOLLARS AND WESTERN RISKS

ENTREPRENEURS: THE CALIFORNIANS

INDUSTRIALISTS: CARNEGIE, ROCKEFELLER, AND THE TWO CAPITALISMS

PHILADELPHIA 1876: THE PROUD EXHIBITORS

CHAPTER 4 The Structure of Classes

UPPER CLASSES: THE NEW RICH AND THE OLD

THE MIDDLE CLASSES: A WOMAN’S WORK

THE FARMER’S LOT

WORKING CLASSES: THE CONDITIONS OF EXISTENCE

SOCIAL CLASS AND SOCIAL OUTCAST

CHAPTER 5 The Power of Ideas

DINNER AT DELMONICO’S

THE BITCH-GODDESS SUCCESS

“TOILING MILLIONS NOW ARE WAKING”

THE ALLIANCE: A DEMOCRACY OF LEADERS

CHAPTER 6 The Brokers of Politics

THE OHIOANS: LEADERS AS BROKERS

POLITICS: THE DANCE OF THE ROPEWALKERS

THE POVERTY OF POLICY

SHOWDOWN 1896

TRIUMPHANT REPUBLICANISM

PART III • Progressive Democracy?

CHAPTER 7 The Urban Progressives

THE SHAPE OF THE CITY

THE LIFE OF THE CITY

THE LEADERS OF THE CITY

THE REFORMATION OF THE CITIES

WOMEN: THE PROGRESSIVE CADRE

CHAPTER 8 The Modernizing Mind

THE PULSE OF THE MACHINE

THE CRITICS: IDEAS VS. INTERESTS?

ART: “ALL THAT IS HOLY IS PROFANED”

WRITING: “VENERABLE IDEAS ARE SWEPT AWAY”

“ALL THAT IS SOLID MELTS INTO AIR”

CHAPTER 9 The Reformation of Economic Power

THE PERSONAL USES OF POWER

FOREIGN POLICY WITH THE TR BRAND

REFORM: LEADERSHIP AND POWER

CHAPTER 10 The Cauldron of Leadership

TAFT, TR, AND THE TWO REPUBLICAN PARTIES

WILSON AND THE THREE DEMOCRATIC PARTIES

ARMAGEDDON

PART IV • Democracy on Trial

CHAPTER 11 The New Freedom

THE ENGINE OF DEMOCRACY

THE ANATOMY OF PROTEST

MARKETS, MORALITY, AND THE “STAR OF EMPIRE”

CHAPTER 12 Over There

WILSON AND THE ROAD TO WAR

MOBILIZING THE WORKSHOP

“NOUS VOILÀ, LAFAYETTE!”

OVER HERE: LIBERTY AND DEMOCRACY

CHAPTER 13 The Fight for the League

THE MIRRORED HALLS OF VERSAILLES

THE BATTLE FOR THE TREATY

1920: THE GREAT AND SOLEMN REJECTION

PART V • The Culture of Democracy

CHAPTER 14 The Age of Mellon

“THE BUSINESS OF AMERICA …”

BANKERS AND BATTLESHIPS

THE VOICES OF PROTEST

CHAPTER 15 The Commercialized Culture

THE WORKSHOP OF EDUCATION

THE PRESS AS ENTERTAINMENT

ENTERTAINMENT AS SPECTATORSHIP

THE WORKSHOP AND THE DEMOS

CHAPTER 16 The Vacant Workshop

LIFE IN THE DEPRESSION

THE CRISIS OF IDEAS

“ONCE I BUILT A RAILROAD, MADE IT RUN”

NOTES

INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS