Kalmbach, Herbert, 501
Katzenbach, Nicholas, 370
Kazin, Alfred, 131, 139, 141, 409, 615-16
Kearns, Doris, 319, 401, 403, 413
Kefauver, Estes, 248, 286, 287, 319
Kehler, Randy, 425-6
Keller, Kent, 107
Kemp, Jack, 641
Kempton, Murray, 99
Kennan, George, 288, 290, 293, 294, 538
“long telegram” of, and X article, 227-8, 229, 234, 290
Kennedy, Edward, 412, 499, 623
1980 presidential candidacy, 530, 531, 559
Kennedy, Jacqueline, 332, 340-1, 677-8
Kennedy, John F., 306, 309-13, 377, 378, 382, 414, 521, 656-7, 677-8
ancestry and background of, 309-10, 323
assassination of, 373-4, 382, 460
and civil rights issue, 323-4, 326, 359-60, 362, 365-6, 367-72, 374-5, 376
as Congressman, 311-12, 323, 339
as President, 326-44, 359-60, 362, 365-6, 367-75, 461, 466, 504, 549, 561, 581, 584, 632, 651; Bay of Pigs fiasco, 331-2, 334-5, 336-7, 343, 524; and civil rights legislation, 360, 369, 370-1; in Cuban Missile Crisis, 334-5, 337, 495-6; domestic program, 360, 369, 370-1, 390, 554, 566-7; evaluation of, 342-4, 374-5, 677, 681; foreign policy, 328-9, 331-7, 339-44, 390-1, 491; “hawk” vs. “dove” advisers, 334-5, 343; inaugural address, 326-8, 335, 342, 566; steel price rollback, 651; and Vietnam, 342-4, 390-1, 402; women’s issues and, 433, 434, 437, 438
presidential candidacy of, 323-6, 331, 413, 468, 512, 555
Kennedy, Joseph Patrick, 59, 89, 160, 309-10, 311, 312, 324
Kennedy, Joseph Patrick, Jr., 310, 311
Kennedy, Patrick, 309
Kennedy, Patrick Joseph, 309-10
Kennedy, Robert F., 251, 461, 530, 593, 678
and civil rights issue, 360, 362-3, 365-6, 369-70, 374
in Cuban missile crisis, 334-5
as presidential candidate, 412-13, 414, 426
and programs for the poor, 566, 569
Kennedy, Rose Fitzgerald, 309, 312
Kennedy Administration, 389
Kennedy family, 309
Kent, Rockwell, 134
Kent State University tragedy, 425
Kenyon, Dorothy, 440
Kerouac, Jack, 394
Kerr, Clark, 396-7
Kesey, Ken, 430
Kevles, Daniel J., 549
Keynes, John Maynard, 130, 131, 561, 677
Keynesianism, 102, 103, 130, 561-2, 570-1
Keyserling, Leon, 287
Khrushchev, Nikita, 241, 259-62, 265-6, 288, 335-6, 340, 362
on capitalism, 301-2
in Cuban missile crisis, 333-5
Kilpatrick, James J., 627
Kilrain, Jack, 307
Kim Il Sung, 240-1
King, Coretta Scott, 326, 350, 359, 360, 367, 372
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 349-52, 356, 357-8, 362-4, 366-9, 375, 381, 382-4, 461-2, 571, 593, 661, 672, 678
assassination of, 413, 414, 460
intellectual acumen of, 350, 461, 571
jailing of, 326, 359, 364, 367-8, 382
Kennedy brothers and, 326, 360, 363
“Letter from Birmingham Jail,” 367-8
1963 Washington Freedom Rally, 371-2
and Peace Movement, 401, 407, 409
King, Martin Luther, Sr., 350, 360
King, Mary, 442
Kingston Frio, 428
Kirk, Grayson, 413-14
Kirkendall, Richard, 238
Kissinger, Henry, 417-18, 422, 424, 468, 470-7, 479-87, 492-4, 523
in Vietnam peace talks, 480-4
Klehr, Harvey, 85
Klein, Joe, 142
Kleindienst, Richard, 501, 505
Knights of Labor, 45
Knopf, Alfred A., 593
Knowland newspapers, 46
Knox, Frank, 83, 163, 169, 175
Kobler, John, 284
Koch, Edward, 635
Kopkind, Andrew, 432
Koppes, Clayton R., 578
Korea, 240-1
see also North Korea; South Korea
Korean War, 241-3, 247, 250, 255, 418, 497, 527
as consequence of mutual US-Soviet misperceptions, 241-2, 254, 260, 262
Kostelanetz, Richard, 616-17
Kosygin, Aleksei, 477
Kramer, Hilton, 622
Kristol, Irving, 628
Kuchel, Thomas H., 376
Ku Klux Klan, 45, 353, 354, 361, 367, 369, 384, 386
Kunstler, William, 520
labor, 27, 33, 45-57, 96-100, 165, 213, 637
and antiwar movement, 408
on the assembly line, 271-2
and civil rights movement, 371, 377
Fair Deal measures for, 236
cool to left radicalism, 52-3
labor-liberal-left coalition, 118-20, 390, 399, 462, 632
participation in management, 565, 578
as special interest group, 107
see also farm labor; strikes; unions Ladd, Everett Carll, 657
Ladies’ Home Journal, 447
La Follette, Philip, 68, 111, 114
La Follette, Robert, Sr., 14, 46, 68, 236, 416, 656
La Follette, Robert, Jr., 14, 68, 73, 94, 108, 117, 244
Laird, Melvin, 467
Landon, Alfred M., 83, 84-5, 119, 126, 165
Langdon, Samuel, 532
Laning, Edward, 133
Larson, Sheila, 599
Lasch, Christopher, 599
Lash, Joseph P., 9
Alliance for Progress, 328, 331, 336
poverty in, 303-4, 329, 330, 336
US interventionism in, 328, 330-2, 524
see also Central America; Monroe Doctrine
Lawrence, David, 107
leadership:
group-oriented participatory, in
movement politics, 358, 384, 395-6, 443-4, 455-6
see also intellectual leadership; moral leadership
League for Industrial Democracy, 392, 408
League of Nations, 10, 150, 152, 157, 170, 490, 545
League of Universal Brotherhood, 536
League of Women Voters, 433, 438, 659
Leavitt, Helen, 573
Lee, Herbert, 380
Leff, Mark, 77
left wing, 51-4, 122-3, 408-9, 625-6, 628-32, 661-2
in elections: 1936, 84-5; 1972, 460-2
FDR and, 41, 42, 45, 70, 74, 117-18, 120
intellectuals, 394, 409, 462, 565, 625, 629-32
labor-liberal-left coalition, 118-20, 390, 399, 462, 632
see also liberalism; New Left; socialism
LeHand, “Missy,” 3
Lekachman, Robert, 561
LeMay, Curtis E., 415
Lend-Lease program, 168-9, 496, 555
Lenin, Vladimir I., 51-2, 221, 565, 642
Leninism, Third World, 305, 336, 343, 421
Lennon, John, 432
Leo XIII, Pope, 57
Leonard, “Sugar Ray,” 609
Lerner, Max, 265, 269, 279, 282, 408, 533-4, 627
lesbianism, 450-1
Lessing, Doris, 454
Leuchtenburg, William E., 213
Levine, Meldon E., 532
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 624
Lewis, John (SNCC organizer), 361, 371
Lewis, John L. (labor leader), 33, 46, 55-6, 82, 107, 165, 187-8, 191, 661
and sit-down strikes of 1930s, 97-100
Lewis, Oscar, 569
liberalism, liberals, 347, 371, 390, 408, 454, 625-6, 629-32, 652
accomplishments of, 629-30
coalitions across party lines, 70, 109
definition of freedom by, 666, 672
Democrats, 13, 15, 64, 73-4, 87, 109, 118-19, 319, 320, 322, 324, 326, 359, 389-90, 414, 466, 625, 629-30, 661-2; FDR, 5, 10, 13, 45, 73, 77-8, 111, 118-20; JFK, 374; in 1972 election, 460-2
divisions of 1980s among, 630-1
economic (Keynesian), 562
exhaustion of agenda of, 626, 630-2
intellectual weaknesses of, 120-4, 461-2, 531, 630, 679-80
labor-liberal-left coalition, 118-20, 390, 399, 462, 632
of Niebuhr, 293-4
Republicans, 70, 87, 109, 119, 466, 636
liberation movements, 305, 342-4, 527
libertarianism, 88, 534, 627-9, 667, 671
liberty, individual, 88, 120-4, 131, 231, 266-7, 275, 296, 393, 635, 665-7
and equality, 125, 267, 637, 679-80; as competing values, 631, 679
feminist definitions of, 454
positive vs. negative, 121, 124, 666-7
right-wing definition of, 42, 123, 667, 672
Western tradition and sources of, 539-40
see also freedom; individualism
Liberty ships, 183-4
Libya, 574
Lichtenstein, Roy, 621
Life magazine, 276, 284, 427, 441, 579, 614
Lilienthal, David, 593
Lincoln, Abraham, 33, 87, 88, 196, 212, 213, 218, 251, 337, 348, 657, 666
shadow of, in civil rights struggle, 358, 371, 374, 376
Lindbergh, Charles A., 160, 165, 169
Lippmann, Walter, 12, 19, 55, 123, 131, 190, 205, 283, 288-90, 291, 294, 593
internationalism of, 165
on Nixon, 417
writings, 289-90
Lipsky, Richard, 610
Literary Digest, 55
literature, 141-6, 296-301, 615-20, 624
see also writers, writing
Liuzzo, Viola, 384
Living Newspaper, FTP, 137
Livingston, Mary, 193-4
Lloyd George, David, 90
Lockheed bailout, 578
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 236, 246, 248
defeat by Kennedy, 312-13
Loeb, William, Jr., 377
Lombard, Carole, 166
London:
Council of Foreign Ministers meetings, 226
Economic Conference (1933), 35-6, 153
Polish exile government, 206-7, 224
Lonely Crowd, The (Riesman), 279-80
Long, Breckinridge, 90
Long, Huey, 15-16, 20, 59-63, 70, 73, 78, 80, 84, 319
Long, Russell, 319
Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, 251
Lorre, Peter, 194
race riots: 1943, 189; 1965 (Watts), 397-8
Los Angeles Times, 398, 602, 608, 612
Lou, Trent, 657
Louis, Joe, 609
Lowell, Robert, 409
Lowndes County Freedom Organization, 386
Lubin, Isador, 287
Lublin government, 206-7
Luce, Clare Boothe, 243
Luce, Henry, 165, 276-7, 284, 593
Luce magazines, 243, 276, 284, 563
Luker, Kristin, 448
lunch counter sit-ins, 356-7, 366
Luther, Martin, 600
Lynd, Staughton, 407
Lyttle, Bradford, 391-2
McAdoo, William G., 11-12
McAlister, Elizabeth, 537
in World War II, 176, 198, 201, 205, 206, 225
McCarthy, Eugene, 412, 414, 530
McCarthy, Joseph R., 230, 244-6, 249-50, 251-3, 258, 296, 313
McCarthyism, 246, 296, 301, 313, 324, 391, 393, 395, 549
McCloy, John, 412
McCord, James, 500-1
McCormack, John, 389
McCormick, Robert R., 31, 154, 165
MacDonald, Allan J., 583
Macdonald, Cynthia, 618
McDonald, David J., 287
MacDonald, Ramsay, 36
Macdonald, Stuart, 543
MacDougall, Curtis, 283
MacDougall, Malcolm, 613
McElvaine, Robert, 660
McGill, Ralph, 353
McGovern, George, 415, 458, 461, 479, 481-2, 511, 530, 557
McGrory, Mary, 373
machine tool industry, 268
McKinley, William, 374
MacKinnon, Catherine, 535
McKissick, Floyd, 387
McMahon, Audrey, 135
McNamara, Robert, 333, 343, 403, 408, 409, 410, 411, 425-6, 573, 577
McNary-Haugen bill (1927), 16, 64
McPherson, Aimee Semple, 603
McReynolds, James C, 72, 89, 92
McWilliams, Carey, 602
Madison, James, 633, 634, 646, 648
black culture and politics, 399
feminist, 447
Magruder, Jeb Stuart, 500-1, 503, 510, 512-13
Mailer, Norman, 297, 300, 409, 617-18, 620
Malamud, Bernard, 620
Malcolm X, 385-6, 388, 398, 399, 462
Malraux, André, 277
Manchester, William, 413
Manchester Union leader, 377
Manchuria, 170, 208, 225, 226, 240, 470
Manion, Clarence, 627
Mann, Thomas, 605
Mannheim, Karl, 275
Mantle, Burns, 136
Mao Tse-tung, 240, 241, 260, 337, 405, 454, 469, 470, 472, 473-4
Marcuse, Herbert, 275-6, 281, 599
Markham, Edwin, 304
Marlowe, Christopher, 132
Marshall, George C., 233, 240, 249-50, 593
Army Chief of Staff, 174, 178, 180, 206
Marshall, John, 88, 646, 651-2
Marshall Plan, 233, 235, 239, 265, 283, 295, 347, 496, 555
Marx, Groucho, 310
Marx, Karl, 269, 274, 275, 281, 350, 461, 564-5, 567
Marxism, 221, 277, 296, 454, 564-5, 616, 631
Niebuhr and, 292-3
Third World, 305, 336, 341, 343, 419
view of capitalism not valid for US, 48
massive retaliation, policy of, 254, 286
materialism, 274, 275, 350, 431
New Left rejection of, 393
Mattachine Society, 450
Matthews, J. B., 252
Mauldin, Bill, 195
Maurois, André, 298
Maverick, Maury, 110-11
Maxwell, James Clerk, 542, 547
Mayer, Louis B., 605
Mazlish, Bruce, 466
Medea, Andrea, 449
coverage of feminists by, 441, 446
in election campaigns, 312, 324, 613
manipulation of, 246
presidential use of, 495
as talent drain, 615
see also magazines; newspapers; press; radio; television
Medicare, 389
Mediterranean, World War II in, 196-8
Meese, Edwin, III, 654
Mencken, Henry L., 12, 17, 60, 99, 145
Mendel, Gregor, 269
Mendès-France, Pierre, 405
Menjou, Adolphe, 231
Meredith, James, 365, 370, 386-7, 398, 400
Merelman, Richard M., 597, 599
Merriam, Frank, 69
Merton, Robert K., 275
Mesta, Perle, 251
Mexican-Americans, 306
Mexican American Women’s Association, 452
Mexico, 329-30
Meyer, Frank S., 627
Middle East, 265, 486-8, 526-7
Carter policy and Camp David, 525-6
Six-Day War (1967), 486
Soviet policy, 265, 284-7, 488, 526-7
Yom Kippur War (1973), 487
Midway, battle of, 179-80, 182
migrant farm workers, 40, 49, 81, 141, 269, 315
migration, of poor peoples, 305-6
military-industrial complex warning, 262
Mill, John Stuart, 600
Miller, Arthur, 297, 300-1, 624
Miller, David, 408
Miller, Jim, 421
Millet, Jean François, 304
Millett, Kate, 444-5, 450, 456
Mills, C. Wright, 394
minimum wage, 107, 559, 570, 639
state laws, 95
for women, 82
Minneapolis, 1934
strike, 47-8
minority rights, 88
Miranda doctrine, 654
Miss America Pageant, 445-6
“missile gap,” 333-4
missiles, ballistic, 264, 334, 478, 529, 537
Mississippi, civil rights struggle in, 365
black voter registration, 378-80, 382
Freedom Democratic Party (1964), 380-2
“Freedom Summer,” 380, 384, 395
Mitchell, John, 479, 500-1, 513
Mitsuo, Fuchida, 174
Modernism, 623
“Mohawk Valley formula,” 100
Moley, Raymond, 13, 14, 17, 28, 35-6, 64, 74, 83, 110, 154
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 159, 206, 208, 211, 226, 260, 405
Mondale, Walter, 641
Mondrian, Piet, 621
monetary policy, 35, 36, 72, 555
Monroe Doctrine, 150, 154, 172, 332
Montgomery bus boycott, 348-52
Montgomery Improvement Association, 350-1
Monthly Review, 564
Montoya, Joseph, 503-4
Moody, Anne, 372
moon landings, Apollo program, 581-2, 584-5
moral leadership, 293-4, 512, 522, 672
of FDR, 323-4, 648; exception, 218-19
JFK’s development of, 360, 374-5
Moral Majority, 627-8
Moreno, Luisa, 603
Morgan, Robin, 446
Morgan family and capitalism, 39-40, 60, 155
Morgenthau, Hans, 287, 288, 291-2, 294, 402, 499, 547-8, 551
Morgenthau, Henry, 28, 36, 45, 72, 101-2, 104, 112, 114, 133, 191, 214, 216, 219
internment of Japanese, 190
Morgenthau, Robert, 499
Morris, Aldon, 356
Morris, Robert, 623
Morris, William, 274
Morrison, Jim, 431
Morrow, Dwight, 329
Moscow summit meetings:
Summit I (1972), 476-9, 485, 488
Summit III (1974), 488
Moses, Bob (SNCC), 379-80, 384, 407
Moses, Robert, 552
Mossadegh, Muhammad, 255
Motion Picture Association, 608
Movement for a Democratic Society, 432
Moyers, Bill, 410
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 373, 467, 567, 569
Muhammad, Elijah, 385-6, 388, 398, 401
Mulder, Ronald, 77
Muller, Hermann Joseph, 269
Municipal Bankruptcy Act, 72
Murphy, Frank, 59, 99, 111, 112, 114
Murray, “Alfalfa Bill,” 11
Murray, Philip, 99-100, 107, 187
Music Corporation of America (MCA), 607
Mussolini, Benito, 7, 63, 79, 105, 137, 149-50, 157-8, 162, 198, 223
Muste, A. J., 391
My Lai massacre, 420
Naked and the Dead, The (Mailer), 297, 617
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 579-80, 583-6
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 257
National Abortion Rights League, 448
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 189, 321, 349-50, 357, 365, 371, 387-8, 399
National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), 102, 272-3
National Black Feminist Organization, 451
National Citizens Political Action Committee, 234
National Coalition of American Nuns, 458
National Committee to Uphold Constitutional Government, 105
National Conference for a New Politics, 443
National Conference of Puerto Rican Women, 452
National Conference on Black Power, 399
National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam, 408
National Council of Churches, 594
National Council of Negro Women, 371
national debt, 72, 89, 191, 633
National Emergency Council, 115
National Farmers’ Holiday Association, 65
National Football League, 611
National Foundation for the Arts and the Humanities, 389, 639
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
and Administration (NRA), 27, 32-4, 37, 39-42, 62, 75, 77, 122, 213-14
Section 7(a) union provisions, 33, 46, 48, 55, 75, 96
Supreme Court invalidation of, 72, 73, 74, 89, 215
wages-and-hours provisions of, 32
nationalism, Third World, 255, 304-5
nationalization, 127, 560, 564-5
National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act (1935), 75, 90, 95-5, 107
National Labor Relations Board, 112
national liberation movements, 305, 342-7, 527
National Mobilization Committee (Mobe), 417
New Mobe, 423
National Organization for Women (NOW), 437-41, 443, 448, 449, 450, 454-5, 457
National Progressive League for Roosevelt, 73
National Republic (journal), 132
National Resources Planning Board, 130-1, 191, 214
National Review (journal), 627, 628
National Science Foundation, 553
national security, 154, 158, 333, 666
National Union for Social Justice, 59, 79
National War Labor Board (NWLB), 186-7, 188
National Welfare Rights Organization, 570
National Women’s Conference (1977), 452
National Women’s Party, 376, 438
National Women’s Political Caucus (NWPC), 439, 457-8
National Youth Administration (NYA), 104, 214, 318, 390
Native Son (Wright), 144-5
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 246, 265, 289, 488
Nazism, see fascism; Germany, Nazi
NBC (National Broadcasting Company), 60, 63, 285
Near, Holly, 451
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 338, 339-41
Neighborhood Youth Corps, 566
Nelson, Donald, 185
Neo-Expressionism, 623
Neuman, W. Russell, 611
neutrality legislation, 1930s, 154, 156
New Deal, 21, 23-7, 30-5, 37, 58, 62, 70, 107-8, 121, 238, 320, 347, 570, 629, 631, 656
banking reforms, 26, 40, 41, 75, 213
business opposition to, 41-5, 64, 71-3, 102-3; and “class war,” 41-54
Congress and, see Congress, US conservation programs, 25, 26, 40, 76, 213, 214
cultural programs, 132-41
dismantled by Reagan policies, 639
as election issue: 1936, 80-6, 91; 1938, 108-11
evaluation of, 128-31, 213-15, 648
Fair Deal as extension of, 236
farm legislation, 25, 34, 40-1, 49, 64-6, 72, 76, 81, 82, 107, 122, 213
“First,” 23-7, 30, 32, 62, 214
“fourth,” 215
industrial and labor measures, 27, 32-4, 37, 39-40, 41-2, 72, 76, 89, 95-6, 106-7, 122, 213
intellectual incongruities, 120-5, 129
job procurement, 25, 27, 34, 76, 81
misperceived as socialism, 43, 45, 102, 123, 128
mortgage and housing subsidies, 25, 26, 72, 214
problems of, 39-41, 63-6, 68, 112-13, 114-16, 125
public utilities legislation, 26, 34, 40, 76, 213-14
railroad legislation, 26-7, 72, 73
relief programs, 25, 34, 37, 40, 76, 81, 134, 213-14, 568
right-wing conservative reaction to, 41-3, 45, 71-3, 105, 132
securities legislation, 25-6, 40, 122
Social Security, 75, 77, 78, 191
success prevented by American system of government, 115, 120, 125-6, 129
Supreme Court invalidations of, 72-3, 74, 82, 89-90, 91, 652
“third,” 214
Newhouse, Samuel I., 282
New Left, 393-4, 408-9, 421-2, 426, 431-2, 441-3, 455, 456, 460
Newman, Barnett, 621
New Nationalism, 127
New Republic, The (journal), 12, 140
Newspaper Guild, 137
conformity of 1950s, 282-3
partisan political influences, 282, 614
production of, 281-2
Newsweek magazine, 110, 446, 612
Newton, Huey P., 399
Newton, Sir Isaac, 544-5
New York American, 31
New York Art Strike (1970), 622-3
New York City, 552, 578, 617-20, 634
arts and artists, 620-4, 664-5
Federal Theatre Project, 136-8
New Yorker, The, 512
New York Herald Tribune, 93, 96, 202, 614
“New York intellectuals,” 616-17
New York magazine, 614
New York Review of Books, 409
New York Times, The, 9, 49, 237, 262, 331, 478, 497, 546, 584, 612, 614, 617, 622, 643
Book Review, 616
and Pentagon Papers, 425-6
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 124-5, 205-277, 288, 292-4, 350, 401, 522, 536, 593
Nimitz, Adm. Chester, 180, 198, 201, 205, 206, 211
Nixon, E. D., 349-50
Nixon, Patricia, 473, 476, 485
Nixon, Richard M., 492-3, 624, 644, 681
anticommunism of, 230, 244, 418, 468, 480; Hiss case, 232, 468
background of, 604
character contradictions in, 465-6, 494, 508; the “new” Nixon, 417, 469, 637
Checkers speech of, 250, 252, 511
income-tax fraud allegation, 504
penchant for secrecy, 467, 471, 476, 492
post-resignation life of, 513-14
as President, 416-20, 422-6, 462, 466-88, 560-1, 625, 630, 651; China policy, 468-9, 470-5, 488; decision leaps, 559-60, 561; a disappointment to conservatives, 557, 625; domestic programs, 466-7, 479, 567; economic policy, 554-7, 561, 571; “enemies list,” 499, 504; foreign policy, 467-88, 491, 492-4, 496, 524; and the media, 472-3, 495, 510-11; and minority rights issues, 466; resignation, 488, 508-9, 558; Russian policy, 476-9, 485-8, 493; second inaugural, 484; siege mentality, 499, 503; Supreme Court appointments, 506, 652-3; and Vietnam War, 417-20, 422-6, 475-6, 478-84, 493-4
presidential candidacies: 1960, 262, 326, 331, 360, 468, 555, 637; 1968, 415-16, 555, 637; 1972. 460-1, 479, 511, 557
as Vice President, 255, 257, 313; urges A-bomb at Dien Bien Phu, 255, 342, 465; urges invasion of Cuba, 331
vice-presidential candidacy, 250, 252
and Watergate, 500-14, 593; impeachment, 503, 506-7, 511; pardon, 498, 513-14, 522, 558 (see also Watergate affair)
Noble, Robert, 604
Nol, Lon, 424
in civil rights movement, 352, 357, 363, 364, 366-8, 383, 400; abandoned, 386, 388, 398, 400
see also civil disobedience
Normandy, 1944
invasion of, 200-1
Norris, George W., 14, 26, 61, 73, 91, 190-1
North:
civil rights battle in, 384, 385-6, 388, 397-401
North Africa, World War II in, 180, 196-7
Allied invasion of 1943, 178, 181
North Korea, 240-2
see also Korean War
North Vietnam, 402-6, 410-11, 418-19, 422-5, 472, 475, 479-84, 488, 489, 493-4, 642
Norway, Nazi invasion of, 161
NSC-68 memorandum, 222
nuclear submarines, 264, 268, 391, 478
nuclear war danger, 256, 486-7
Prevention Agreement, 1973, 485-6
nuclear weapons, 222, 239-40, 256-7, 264, 391, 477-8
China in possession of, 485
Reagan on, 643
Test Ban Treaty (1963), 390, 392
US superiority, 259, 264, 265, 333-4
US-USSR parity, 527
see also arms control; arms race; atom bomb; hydrogen bomb
occupational safety and health, 466
Ochs, Phil, 428
O’Connell, William, Cardinal, 58
O’Daniel, “Pappy,” 319
Odets, Clifford, 146
Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), 566
Office of Facts and Figures, 193
Office of Price Administration, 556, 562
Office of War Information (OWI), 193-4
off our backs (newspaper), 447
Oglesby, Carl, 421
oil, 255, 319, 329, 330-1, 574-5, 644
Okun, Arthur, 561
Oldenburg, Claes, 621
Oliphant, Herman, 102
Olivier, Laurence, 285
Olson, Culbert L., 604
Omaha Action, 391
O’Mahoney, Joseph, 94
Omnibus Housing Act (1965), 389
O’Neill, Eugene, 624
O’Neill, Thomas P. “Tip,” 559, 640
O’Neill, William L., 431
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries), 558, 574
“Open Skies” proposal, 257
Oppenheim, Dennis, 623
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 269, 270, 288-9, 290, 549
Organization of Afro-American Unity, 386
Ormandy, Eugene, 484
Orwell, George, 418
Oshinsky, David, 251
Our Bodies, Ourselves (handbook), 447
Ozick, Cynthia, 619
Pacem in Terris (encyclical), 536
Pacific Ocean:
US bases in, 264-5
war danger in, 168, 170-1, 172-4
war in, 174-80, 196, 198, 201-2, 206, 207, 224-5; island hopping, 201, 206, 211
pacifists, 536
postwar, 234-5, 391-2, 408, 545-6
Palestine Liberation Organization, 592
Palestinians, 525
Paley, Grace, 618
Panama, 330
Panama Canal Treaty, 524-5, 526-7
Paris:
American writers celebrated in, 297-8
summit plan aborted (1960), 261-2
Vietnam peace talks, 481-4
Parks, Rosa, 348-9, 351-2, 375
Parsons, Talcott, 67
Parsons, Louella, 606-7
Partisan Review (journal), 409
party system, 116-18, 125-6, 491, 646-7, 655-7
four-party actuality within, 119, 126, 236; and civil rights legislation, 321-2, 376-8
overlapping of interests and groups, 119, 126, 320, 376
party shifts and reconstitution, 656-7
see also third parties
Pasadena school desegregation case, 653
“Pastoral Letter on Catholic Social Teachings and the U.S. Economy,” 537-8, 668-9
Patterson, James, 109
Patterson, John, 362
Patterson, Robert “Tut,” 354
Patton, Gen. George, 216
Paul VI, Pope, 484
Pavese, Cesare, 298
Peace Corps, 390
peaceful coexistence, 260
peace movement, 391-2, 401, 418, 443, 460, 536, 659
self-immolations, 408
see also anti-nuclear movement; anti-Vietnam War movement Peale, Norman Vincent, 326
Pearl Harbor, 174-6, 177, 179, 192, 304, 338
Peck, Jim, 361
Peck, George N., 154
Pegler, Westbrook, 123
Pells, Richard, 278
PEN International Congress (1986), 617-20
Penn Central Railroad, 555
Pentagon Papers, 425-6
Pepper, Claude, 106
Percy, Walker, 615
Perkins, Frances, 23, 28, 29, 31, 34, 83, 101, 102, 112, 114, 130, 434, 593
Perón, Juan and Evita, 328
Pershing, Gen. John Joseph, 543
Persian Gulf, 644
Pélain, Henri Philippe, 163
Peter, Paul and Mary (rock group), 428
Phantom Public, The (Lippmann), 289
Philippines, 265
World War II: US loss of, 176-7, 178; US recapture of, 202, 206
Phillips, Clarence, 520
Phillips, Kevin, 637
Phillips, William, 154
physics, 268, 541, 544-7, 549, 553
Pickering, William, 578
Piehl, Mel, 536
Pioneer planetary probes, 582
Planned Parenthood-World Population, 448
planning, comprehensive national and regional, 130-1, 214-15
social, Dewey on, 121
TVA as example of, 131, 316-17
see also economic planning
“Plumbers” operation, 499, 504
PM (newspaper), 283
Podell, Janet, 610
Podgorny, Nikolai, 477
Nazi and Soviet invasion of, 159, 160
postwar, 206, 223, 224, 257-8, 476; Solidarity, 644; Soviet domination, 210-11, 221, 226, 229; Yalta discussions on, 206-7, 208, 211
Polenberg, Richard, 193
Pollock, Jackson, 621
Poor, Henry Varnum, 133
population increase, global, 304, 329
of Father Coughlin, 58-9
of Huey Long, 59-63
pornography, 449, 534-5, 635, 654
Port Huron Statement, 393, 394, 397, 462
Postmodernism, 624
Potsdam Conference (1945), 224-5, 226
Potter, Paul, 407
poverty, 122, 539-40, 565-71, 629, 668-9
of blacks, 570-1; in South, 313-16; in urban North, 385
and crime, 516, 518, 568-9, 571
cultural view (subculture), 568-9, 571
definition of, 567-8
Depression, 19, 31, 39-41, 58, 648; New Deal programs, 25, 27, 34-5, 40-1, 76, 81; 1937-39
recession, 103-4
intellectual failure in understanding, 567-71, 668-9
1930s literature of, 141-5
reduced in wartime, 184-5, 188-9
in South, 354, 567; among blacks, 313-16; among whites, 316-18
structural/environmental view, 569, 570
Third World, 303-5, 669; India, 303, 305, 339; Latin America, 303-4, 329, 330, 336
Powdermaker, Hortense, 603, 606
Powell, Lewis F., Jr., 506, 653
power:
as exercised in foreign policy, 291-2, 496
vs. moral leadership, 512, 522
Niebuhrian realism, 125, 292-3, 522
presidential use and abuse of, 495-6, 503, 510-12
Powers, Francis Gary, 261
Powers, John A., 580-1
pragmatism, 125, 278, 292, 548, 559, 661, 671
as self-serving doctrine, 658
Presbyterian Church, 594
executive privilege, 505-6
“presidential” parties, Democratic and
and civil rights legislation, 321
prior restraint, 426
see also media; newspapers
prices:
controls, 560; Nixon freeze, 556;
postwar, 230; World War II, 556
inflation: 1970s, 531, 554-5, 1980s, 638; postwar, 230; World War II, 187
New Deal manipulation of, 35, 36
Priestley, J. B., 603
Princeton University, 290, 545
printing innovations, 281-2
prior restraint, 426
prisons, 519-20
Pritchett, Laurie, 364
“pro-choice” groups, 448
production, 271
agricultural, 268
industrial, 266; during Depression, 30-1; postwar, 264; wartime, 182-4, 186, 199
Profiles in Courage (Kennedy), 343, 677
Progressive Labor party, 421
Progressive party (T. Roosevelt’s), 46, 118-19, 236, 416, 656
Progressive party (Wallace’s), 235-7, 238
progressivism, 7, 13, 14, 16, 41, 68, 122, 236, 646-7
property rights, 43, 88, 90, 97, 667
in Boston, anti-Irish, 307, 308
China missionaries, 470
peace movement, 536
Protestant magazine, 282
Proxmire, William, 577
public facilities and transport,
desegregation of, 315, 321, 348-52, 356-8, 361, 364, 370, 378
Public Interest, The (journal), 627, 628
Public Opinion (Lippmann), 289
public-opinion polling, 153, 291, 511
Public Philosophy, The (Lippmann), 289-90, 294
Public Utility Holding Company Act, 76, 214
art programs, New Deal, 134, 135
Depression era, 34, 37, 81, 214
Public Works Administration (PWA), 34, 81
Pyle, Ernie, 194-5
Quebec meeting of FDR and Churchill (1943), 198, 206
Quemoy and Matsu islands, 255, 468
quota systems, 653