1. Michael Janofsky, “U.S. Awarded ’94 World Cup Tourney in Soccer,” New York Times, July 5, 1988.
2. Associated Press, “NASL Down to Two Teams, Won’t Play for This Season,” Eugene Register-Guard, March 29, 1985.
3. Janofsky, “U.S. Awarded ’94 World Cup Tourney.”
4. “Alan I. Rothenberg,” Sports Business Institute Biographies, University of Southern California Marshall School of Business, http://www.marshall.usc.edu/faculty/centers/board/alan-i-rothenberg.
5. Filip Bondy, “To Practice for 1994, a U.S. Cup Next June,” New York Times, November 27, 1992.
6. “FIFA Confederations Cup Archive,” FIFA, http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/archive/saudiarabia1992/.
7. Beau Dure, Long-Range Goals: The Success Story of Major League Soccer (Washington, DC: Potomac, 2010).
8. Julie Cart, “Soccer’s Brain Trust Begins Tackling Issues: Proposed U.S. Professional League and World Cup Point System Are at Top of the Agenda,” Los Angeles Times, December 16, 1993.
9. Michael Lewis, “Looking Back at the 1994 FIFA World Cup Draw,” December 3, 2013, U.S. Soccer, http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17 /13/44/131203-mnt-1994-wc-draw.
10. Tom Farrey, “Seattle Misses First MLS Cut—But Bid Isn’t Dead,” Seattle Times, June 15, 1994.
11. Darris Blackford and Connie A. Higgins, “City Nets Pro Soccer Franchise,” Columbus Dispatch, June 16, 1994.
12. Farrey, “Seattle Misses First MLS Cut.”
13. “1994 FIFA World Cup USA,” FIFA, http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/usa1994/index.html.
14. Seth Vertelney, “That Wonderful Summer,” March 4, 2014, SBNation, http://www.sbnation.com/longform/2014/3/4/5466056/world-cup-usmnt-1994-usa-soccer-history.
15. Kevin Baxter, “World Cup in 1994 Gave U.S. Soccer the Kick in the Pants It Needed,” Los Angeles Times, May 31, 2014.
16. “MLS Inaugural Draft—1996,” MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/history/draft/1996-inaugural.
17. Graeme L. Jones, “MLS Teams Gain Identities in ‘Unveiling’ Soccer: League Will Open Play April 6. Marco Etcheverry is the Biggest Signing Announced,” Los Angeles Times, October 18, 1995.
18. David Payne, “Inaugural Match in S.J.; Clash Kick Off Season April 6 against Undetermined Opponent at Spartan Stadium,” San Jose Mercury-News, October 18, 1995.
19. Ann Killion, “MLS May Be Offering Too Little, Too Late,” San Jose Mercury-News, October 18, 1995.
20. Bill Ward, “Mutiny under Scrutiny as MLS Team Announced,” Tampa Tribune, October 18, 1995.
21. Bob Luder, “Wiz GM Adjusts to Name,” Kansas City Star, October 19, 1995.
22. Darris Blackford, “Name Game Begins for Soccer Team—White Castle Backs Columbus Slyders Proposal with Offer,” Columbus Dispatch, June 17, 1994.
23. Jack Williams, “The Motley Crew: The Stories behind America’s Wackiest Football Club Names,” March 4, 2015, Eight by Eight, http://8by8mag.com /motley-crew/.
24. “The Clubs, the Facts and the Origin of Their Names,” February 12, 1996, FIFA, http://www.fifa.com/live-scores/news/y=1996/m=2/news=the-clubs-the-facts-and-the-origin-their-names-71411.html.
1. Associated Press, “Wynalda Strikes Late in Opener,” New York Times, April 7, 1996.
2. Gary Peterson, “Kick of an Opener, But Will League Fly?,” Contra Costa Times, April 7, 1996.
3. Mark Ziegler, “Wynalda Rescues MLS Debut with Goal,” San Diego Union-Tribune, April 7, 1996.
4. Graeme L. Jones, “Just in Kick of Time for MLS,” Los Angeles Times, April 7, 1996.
5. Ross Atkin, “American Pro Soccer Gets Another Shot at Success,” Christian Science Monitor, April 5, 1996.
6. Jones, “Just in Kick of Time for MLS.”
7. Ibid.
8. Atkin, “American Pro Soccer Gets Another Shot at Success.”
9. Nick Green, “Were You at the Galaxy’s First Game at the Rose Bowl?” July 28, 2009, Insidesocal.com, http://www.insidesocal.com/soccer/2009/07/28 /were-you-at-the-galaxys-first/.
10. David Litterer, “The Year in American Soccer, 1996,” American Soccer History Archives, http://homepages.sover.net/~spectrum/year/1996.html.
11. “1996 Season Recap,” MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/history/season/1996.
12. David Neilsen, “Will District Stand United behind Latest Pro Franchise?” Washington Times, October 18, 1995.
13. Jeff Bradley, “New York–DC United Rivalry Dates Back to Gritty Glory Days of MLS,” March 15, 2013, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2013/03/15/word-new-york-dc-united-rivalry-dates-back-gritty-glory-days-mls.
14. Mark Sappenfield, “Soccer’s Foul Weathered Friends,” Christian Science Monitor, October 22, 1996.
15. “D.C. United’s First Fan and Founder of the Screaming Eagles,” August 23, 2011, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2011/08/23/dc-uniteds-first-fan-and-founder-screaming-eagles.
16. Matthew Doyle, “Top 50 MLS Moments: #1, I Am Legend,” November 20, 2011, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2011/11/20/top-50-mls-cup-moments-1-i-am-legend.
17. Kevin Acee, “Galaxy Go Thud In Mud,” Los Angeles Daily News, October 22, 1996.
18. Associated Press, “Fans Overwhelm DC Soccer Champs,” Press of Atlantic City, October 22, 1996.
19. Associated Press, “No Offense: MLS Has One Goal,” St. Paul Pioneer Press, April 7, 1996.
20. Jere Longman, “Questions Are More Plentiful for MLS,” New York Times, July 9, 1997.
21. Ibid.
22. Joseph White, “MLS Optimistic Despite Drop in Crowds, Ratings—Changes Considered for Next Tear,” Gazette (Colorado Springs, CO), October 28, 1997.
23. Mark Asher, “It’s Still Early in the Game,” Washington Post, October 22, 1997.
1. Grahame L. Jones, “MLS to Add Teams in Miami and Chicago,” Los Angeles Times, April 10, 1997.
2. DeSimone, Bonnie. “Name Game Ends: It’s Fire; New MLS Franchise Balks at Nike Suggestion,” Chicago Tribune, October 9, 1997.
3. Barry Jackson and Karen French, “Will Fusion Play at OB? Lease Disagreement Turns Ugly after Owner Horowitz Balks,” Miami Herald, July 25, 1997.
4. “Fusion to Broward? Courtship Heating Up,” Miami Herald, August 30, 1997.
5. “1998 Miami Fusion,” MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/history/club /miami/1998.
6. Jeff Rusnak, “Fusion’s Lockhart Stadium Stint Paved Way for New MLS Venues,” Sun-Sentinel, October 12, 2008.
7. Mark Sappenfield, “World Cup ’98: MLS Faces a Tough Decision,” Christian Science Monitor, February 26, 1997.
8. Richard Farley, “Major League Soccer Players’ Absence from the 2010 World Cup,” July 28, 2010, SBNation, http://www.sbnation.com/2010/7/28 /1591752/major-league-soccer-players-absence-2010-world-cup.
9. Sam Pierron, “The History,” Supporters’ Shield, http://supportersshield.org/the-history/.
10. Bernie Lincicome, “MLS Cup Runneth Over with Nonsense,” Chicago Tribune, October 25, 1998.
1. “Columbus Crew Set for May 15 Opener,” May 11, 1999, Soccer America, http://www.socceramerica.com/article/8891/mls-columbus-crew-stadium-set-for-may-15-opener.html.
2. Michelle Kauffman, “MLS: It’s Time to Kick It into High Gear,” Miami Herald, March 21, 1999.
3. Mark Ziegler, “It Could Be Do or Die for MLS,” San Diego Union-Tribune, March 17, 1999.
4. Bob Greene, “MLS Ditches Logan, Replaces Him with NFL Executive,” August 5, 1999, Associated Press Archive.
5. Craig Merz, “League to Tap New Commissioner’s Marketing Skills,” Columbus Dispatch, August 5, 1999.
6. “About,” Section 8 Chicago, http://www.s8c.org/about/.
7. Gus Martins, “United Take It, Gladly—Mistakes Doom Galaxy,” Boston Herald, November 22, 1999.
8. Jimmy Golen, “D.C. United an MLS Dynasty in the Making,” November 22, 1999, Associated Press Archive.
9. David Zeitlin, “The Legend of the Rochester Raging Rhinos, the Last Under dog to Win the US Open Cup,” June 16, 2015, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post /2015/06/16/legend-rochester-raging-rhinos-last-underdog-win-us-open-cup-word.
10. Ibid.
11. Alex Yannis, “MLS Is Making Changes,” New York Times, November 18, 1999.
12. Associated Press, “In MLS, Nobody Beats the Wiz,” Charleston Daily Mail, October 16, 2000.
13. Steven Goff, “Quakes on Shaky Ground?,” Contra Costa Times, December 30, 2000; “MLS Considering Cutting Teams, Mutiny May Be Out,” Tampa Tribune, December 30, 2000.
14. Michelle Kauffman, “Future Not Looking So Bright for Fusion,” Miami Herald, December 31, 2000.
1. “Remaining MLS Regular Season Games Canceled; MLS Cup Playoffs Will Start September 20,” September 13, 2001, U.S. Soccer, http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/24/remaining-mls-regular-season-games-canceled-mls-cup-playoffs-will-start-september-20.
2. Greg Cote, “At a Time When Magic Was Required, Fusion Pulled a Disappearing Act,” Miami Herald, October 18, 2001.
3. Bill Ward, “Mutiny’s Kinnear to Take Coaching Job,” Tampa Tribune, February 3, 2001.
4. “San Jose Nabs Donovan in Complex Loan Deal with Bayer Leverkusen,” March 30, 2001, Soccertimes.com, http://www.soccertimes.com /mls/2001/mar30.htm.
5. Dwight Chapin, “Earthquakes’ Victory Is Extra Special—DeRosario’s Goal in Overtime Clinches MLS Title,” San Francisco Chronicle, October 22, 2001.
6. Marc Stein, “MLS Nearly Folded in 2001—FC Dallas President Dan Hunt,” April 12, 2016, ESPN FC, http://www.espnfc.us/major-league-soccer /story/2848878/mls-nearly-folded-in-2001-fc-dallas-president-dan-hunt.
7. “ABC, ESPN, Inc., and MLS Ink Multi-Year Deal,” January 3, 2002, ABC Sports, http://espn.go.com/abcsports/pressreleases/s/2002/0103 /1305097.html.
8. Steven Wine, “MLS Folds Fusion, Mutiny,” USA Today, January 9, 2002.
9. Rodney Page, “Mutiny Folded by MLS,” St. Petersburg Times, January 9, 2002.
10. “Super Bowl Hero Takes a Slice of Man Utd,” March 2, 2003, BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2813439.stm.
11. “Glazer Wins Control of Man United,” May 12, 2005, BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4540939.stm.
1. “ABC/ESPN Announce World Cup 2002 Broadcast Schedule,” May 1, 2002, U.S. Soccer, http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12 /12/abcespn-announce-world-cup-2002-broadcast-schedule.
2. Ed Farnsworth, “Looking Back at the U.S. Soccer Team’s Historic 2002 World Cup,” May 9, 2014, Philly.com, http://www.philly.com /philly/sports/soccer/worldcup/Looking_back_at_the_US_soccer_teams_historic_2002_World_Cup.html.
3. Tom Goldman, “Soccer Fans around the World to Watch the World Cup Tournament, Which Begins Tomorrow,” May 30, 2002, National Public Radio, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1144183.
4. “The Boys of Soccer,” New York Times Magazine, May 23, 2002, http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2002/05/23/magazine/26fash.slideshow_1.html?_r=0.
5. Brian Phillips, “Red, White & Blue Steel,” August 9, 2013, Grantland, http://grantland.com/features/usmnt-new-york-s-magazine-greatest-photo-shoot-history/.
6. Landon Donovan, “I’ve been waiting for this day,” August 11, 2015, Twitter, @landondonovan.
7. “Korea Rally to Deny U.S,” June 10, 2002, BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/south_korea_v_usa/default.stm.
8. “World Cup Soccer, U.S. TV Viewership, 1994–2006,” Nielsen.
9. Gary Davidson, “It’s a Revolution in New England Where Five All-Stars Are Obtained from Dispersal Drafts,” January 11, 2002, Soccertimes.com, http://www.soccertimes.com/mls/2002/jan11.htm.
10. John Haydon, “Colorful Hudson Takes Over as United Coach,” Washington Times, January 10, 2002.
11. Nate Thompson, “Dream Season Comes to an End,” Taunton Daily Gazette, October 21, 2002.
12. “Burn to Play at Dragon Stadium in Southlake in 2003; Team Announces Ticket Prices for 2003 Season,” January 14, 2003, Our Sports Central, http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/burn-to-play-at -dragon-stadium-in-southlake-in-2003-team-announces-ticket-prices-for-2003-season/n-1982817.
13. “Dallas Burn to Return to Cotton Bowl for 2004 MLS Season,” November 14, 2003, Our Sports Central, http://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/dallas-burn-to-return-to-cotton-bowl-for-2004-mls-season /n-2707294.
14. Nick Green, “Up and Running—Carson’s $150 Million Sports Complex Is Expected to Pick Up Recognition as It Opens Today with a Nationally Televised Track Event,” Daily Breeze (Torrance, CA), June 1, 2003.
15. Nick Green, “Win Kick-Starts Home Depot—Galaxy’s First Home Game Yields Win,” Daily Breeze (Torrance, CA), June 8, 2003.
16. Soccer America, Soccer’s Cathedral: Guide to the Home Depot Center, advertising circular, LA84 Foundation, http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/SoccerAmerica/2003/sa1553s.pdf.
17. Dylan Hernandez, “Down by 2, 4, Then … 5 Goals Push Quakes Onward; San Jose into West Final after Furious Comeback,” San Jose Mercury-News, November 10, 2003.
1. Brice Wallace, “Checketts Vows No double-Zs,” Deseret News, August 6, 2004.
2. Peter Richins, “Major League Soccer: Highlanders Hold the High Ground,” Salt Lake Tribune, August 11, 2004.
3. Doug Alden, “Utah Team Named Real Salt Lake,” USA Today, October 9, 2004.
4. Leigh Dethman and Amelia Nielson-Stowell, “A Groundbreaking Day: ‘This Is the Place,’ Checketts Says of Decision to Build Sandy Stadium,” Deseret News, August 13, 2006.
5. Associated Press, “Galaxy Trade Ruiz to Dallas, Donovan Returning to L.A.?” USA Today, March 30, 2005.
6. Associated Press, “Major League Soccer Ends Talks with San Antonio,” USA Today, June 9, 2005.
7. Simon Romero, “What’s in a Brand Name? Houston Just Found Out,” New York Times, January 27, 2006.
8. Bernardo Fallas, “Houston Soccer Team Will 86 its 1836 Name,” Houston Chronicle, February 15, 2006.
9. “Robertson Stadium,” Houston Cougars, http://www.uhcougars.com /facilities/hou-robertson.html.
10. Jordan Robertson, “A’s Owners Test Stadium Waters by Bringing Back MLS Soccer,” May 24, 2006, SFGate.com, http://www.sfgate.com /sports/article/A-s-owners-test-stadium-waters-by-bringing-back-2534290.php.
11. Jack Bell, “Red Bull Is New Owner, and Name, of MetroStars,” New York Times, March 10, 2006.
12. Julie Bosman, “First Stadiums, Now Teams Take a Corporate Identity,” New York Times, March 22, 2006.
13. Michael Davies, “Welcome to World Cup Football,” June 12, 2006, ESPN, http://espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=davies/060612.
14. Ronald Blum, “Czechs Steamroll U.S. 3–0 at World Cup,” Washington Post, June 13, 2006.
15. Amy Lawrence, “De Rossi Draws Blood as Three Sent Off,” Guardian, June 17, 2006.
16. Michael Davies, “America, the Beautiful,” June 17, 2006, ESPN, http://espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=davies/060617.
17. “U.S. Eliminated from World Cup as Ghana Wins,” June 22, 2006, U.S. Soccer, http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/11/16/u-s-men-eliminated-from-world-cup-following-2-1-loss-vs-ghana.
18. “1975–1978 Toronto Metros-Croatia,” Fun While It Lasted, http://www.funwhileitlasted.net/tag/toronto-metros-croatia/.
1. Jack Bell, “David Beckham Is Coming to America,” New York Times, January 12, 2007.
2. Jen Chang, “Debunking the Myths behind Beckham’s Contract,” January 12, 2007, ESPN Soccernet, http://www.espnfc.us/story/399597/debunking-the-myths-behind-beckhams-contract.
3. Paul Kennedy, “Beckham Is MLS Expansion Story du Jour,” May 20, 2013, SoccerAmerica, http://www.socceramerica.com/article/51723/beckham -is-mls-expansion-story-du-jour.html.
4. “Rocky Mountain High: Celtic vs. MLS in All-Star Game in Colorado,” January 25, 2007, Big Apple Soccer, http://www.bigapplesoccer.com/leagues /mls2.php?article_id=8525.
5. “Beckham Boosts Traffic to Official U.S. Major League Soccer Website to Over One Million,” August 30, 2007, ComScore, www.comscore.com/Insights /PressReleases/2009/08/Beckham-Major-League-Soccer-Website-Traffic.
6. “Beckham to Join AC Milan on Loan in January,” October 30, 2008, ESPN Soccernet, http://www.espnfc.us/story/587422/beckham-to-join-ac-milan-on-loan-in-january.
7. “Beckham Confronts Fans after Boos,” July 20, 2009, BBC Sport, http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/8158547.stm.
8. José Miguel Romero, “Real Salt Lake Wins MLS Cup on Penalty Kicks,” Seattle Times, November 22, 2009.
9. David Winter, “David Beckham’s Injury Is a Desperately Sad Way to End His World Cup Dream,” Telegraph, March 15, 2010.
10. Steven Goff, “Colorado Rapids Beat FC Dallas in Overtime for First Major League Soccer Title,” Washington Post, November 22, 2010.
11. “2010 MLS Cup: FC Dallas vs. Colorado Rapids,” November 21, 2010, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/history/mls-cup/2010?autoplay=true.
1. Steven Wells, “US Soccer Punks 1, McFans 0,” Guardian, June 6, 2007.
2. Bryan James, “A Fan’s Perspective—Bryan James, President of Sons of Ben,” November 9, 2009, Original Winger, http://theoriginalwinger.com/2009/11/a-fans-[erspective-bruan-james-president-of-sons-of-ben/.
3. Ibid.
4. Dave Zeitlin, “Philadelphia Union Owner Jay Sugarman Says Nick Sakiewicz Firing ‘Right Decision’ for Club’s Future,” October 2, 2015, MLSSoccer.com, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2015/10/02/philadelphia-union-owner-jay-sugarman-says-nick-sakiewicz-firing-right-decision.
5. Jonathan Tannenwald, “Sons of Ben President Discusses Protest March,” May 17, 2015, Philly.com, http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs /sports/union/Sons-of-Ben-president-discusses-protest-march.html.
6. “Statement from CEO and Cofounding Partner Nick Sakiewicz regarding Sons of Ben ‘We Deserve Better’ Message,” May 17, 2015, PhiladelphiaUnion.com, http://www.philadelphiaunion.com/post/2015/05/17 /statement-ceo-and-cofounding-partner-nick-sakiewicz-regarding-sons-ben-we-deserve.
7. Dave Zeitlin, “New Sons of Ben President Ami Rivera Wants to Welcome All Fans to the Fun at PPL Park,” November 24, 2015, MLSSoccer.com, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2015/11/20/new-sons-ben-president-ami-rivera-wants-welcome-all-fans-to-fun-ppl-park.
8. “Songs and Chants,” Sons of Ben, http://www.sonsofben.com/songs-and-tifo/.
1. Les Carpenter, “How Soccer Saved the Seattle Seahawks,” Guardian, January 14, 2015.
2. José Miguel Romero, “MLS Seattle Fans Can Write In Vote for Team Name,” Seattle Times, March 25, 2008.
3. “Seattle Sounders FC Selected as Team Name,” April 6, 2008, Seattle Sounders FC, http://www.soundersfc.com/post/2008/04/07/seattle-sounders-fc-selected-team-name.
4. “History,” Timbers Army, http://timbersarmy.org/aboutus/history.
5. “Who is Gorilla FC?,” Gorilla FC, http://www.gorillafc.com/#!whoisgfc/c19zy.
6. Zach Slaton, “E Pluribus Sounders (Part 3): Connecting to Old and New Fans,” Forbes, August 6, 2012.
7. Ben Palosaari, “Sporting Kansas City’s Name Not a Hit with Fans and Media,” 18 November 2010, Pitch, http://www.pitch.com/news/article /20578346/sporting-kansas-citys-name-not-a-hit-with-fans-and-media.
8. Barry Petchesky, “Kansas City MLS Team’s New Name Is Impossibly Awful,” November 18, 2010, Deadspin, http://deadspin.com/5693456 /kansas-city-mls-teams-new-name-is-impossibly-awful.
9. Palosaari, “Sporting Kansas City’s Name Not a Hit.”
10. Jack Harry, “I Feel Compelled to Address My Lack of Covering Sporting Kansas City,” September 29, 2011, KSHB-TV, http://www.kshb.com/sports/jacks-smack/jacks-smack-i-feel-compelled-to-address-my-lack-of-covering-sporting-kansas-city.
11. “Episode 2: You Suck Asshole,” December 18, 2012, Howler Radio, http://www.howlermagazine.com/howler-radio-2-you-suck-asshole/.
12. Steve Stoehr, “Fracas in the Fort: Revolution Supporters Banned and Arrested for Profane Chants,” June 20, 2011, Bent Musket/SBNation, http://www.thebentmusket.com/2011/6/20/2234298/fracas-in-the-fort-revolution-supporters-banned-and-arrested-for.
13. Steve Stoehr, “FortGate: One Week Later,” June 26, 2011, Bent Musket/SBNation, http://www.thebentmusket.com/2011/6/26/2245114/fortgate-one-week-later-revolution-support-the-fort.
14. Garrett Dittfurth, “You Suck …” June 21, 2011, Timbers Army, https://timbersarmy.org/you-suck.
15. “History,” Midnight Riders, http://www.midnightriders.com/about-us/history/.
1. “Quakes Set Guinness World Record on Groundbreaking Day,” October 21, 2012, San Jose Earthquakes, http://www.sjearthquakes.com/post/2012/10/21/quakes-set-guinness-world-record-groundbreaking-day.
2. Geoff Lepper, “In New Look, San Jose Earthquakes Make Effort to Acknowledge Past, Present and Future,” January 31, 2014, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2014/01/31/new-look-san-jose-earthquakes-make-effort-acknowledge-past-present-and-future.
3. Nick Firchau, “MLS Cup to Be David Beckham’s Final Match with Galaxy,” November 19, 2012, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2012 /11/20 /mls-cup-be-david-beckhams-final-match-galaxy.
4. Jonah Freedman, “‘Passionate’ Montreal Named as 19th MLS City,” May 7, 2010, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2010/05/07/passionate-montreal-named-19th-mls-city.
5. Brian Straus, “Friendly Fire: U.S. Coach Jurgen Klinsmann’s Methods, Leadership, Acumen in Question,” March 19, 2013, Sporting News, http://www.sportingnews.com/soccer-news/4486437-jurgen-klinsmann-us-mens-soccer-coach-national-team-usa-american-world-cup-2013.
6. Michael Lewis, “World Cup 2010 Draw: U.S. Soccer Joins England, Slovenia, Algeria in Group C,” New York Daily News, December 4, 2009.
7. “U.S. Head Coach Bob Bradley Names 23 Players to Represent the United States at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa,” May 26, 2010, U.S. Soccer, http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/25/us-head-coach-bob-bradley-names-23-players-to-represent-the-us-at-the-2010-fifa-world-cup.
8. Ryan O’Hanlon, “Snow Clash: Watching Soccer Get Weird at 5,000 Feet,” March 26, 2013, Deadspin, http://deadspin.com/snow-clash-watching-soccer-get-weird-at-5-000-feet-458755115.
9. Woody Paige, “Snow Job in World Cup Qualifier Sweet for U.S. Soccer,” Denver Post, March 24, 2013.
10. Ives Galarcep, “Ratings for USA–Mexico Shatter Records,” March 27, 2013, Soccer by Ives, http://sbisoccer.com/2013/03/ratings-qualifier-records.
11. Associated Press, “Sporting KC Outlasts RSL for Title,” December 6, 2013, ESPN FC, http://www.espnfc.com/major-league-soccer/story /1642681/mls-cup-sporting-kc-defeats-real-salt-lake-in-shootout-for-title.
12. Ibid.
13. Simon Borg, “Citing the Frigid Weather, Real Salt Lake’s Javier Morales Wants a Return to Neutral Venue,” December 7, 2013, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2013/12/08/mls-cup-citing-frigid-weather-real-salt-lakes-javier-morales-wants-return-neutral.
14. Christopher Harris, “MLS Cup 2013 Down 44% in Viewership; Sets Record as Least-Viewed MLS Cup Ever,” December 10, 2013, World Soccer Talk, http://worldsoccertalk.com/2013/12/10/mls-cup-2013-down-44-in-viewership-sets-record-as-least-viewed-mls-cup-ever/.
15. Paul Kennedy, “MLS Cup Viewers on UniMas Surpass Those on ESPN,” December 10, 2013, Soccer America, http://www.socceramerica.com/article/55322/mls-cup-viewers-on-unimas-surpass-those-on-espn.html.
16. Brian Straus, “Garber Touches on MLS Expansion, Academies, Transparency and More in Address,” December 3, 2013, Sports Illustrated, http://www.si.com/soccer/planet-futbol/2013/12/03/don-garber-mls-state-of-the-league.
17. Brian Straus, “Sporting News Conversation Part Two: Don Garber,” July 21, 2012, Sporting News, http://www.sportingnews.com/soccer-news/3890242-sporting-news-conversation-don-garber-part-ii.
18. Barry Petchesky, “MLS Threatens Fans: No More ‘You Suck, Asshole’ Chants,” July 9, 2013, Deadspin, http://deadspin.com/mls-threatens-fans-no-more-you-suck-asshole-chants-708117042.
19. Albert Samaha, “Red Bulls Will Pay Fan Clubs Not to Chant ‘You Suck, Asshole.’” Village Voice, July 9, 2013.
20. Andrew Keh, “M.L.S. Tries to Mute Fans’ Vulgar Chants,” New York Times, September 19, 2013.
21. Seattle Sounders FC, “Sounders FC Introduce Clint Dempsey,” August 3, 2013, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFr5MM7EdGw.
22. Steven Goff, “2014 World Cup: Juergen Klinsmann Finalizes Roster, Cuts Landon Donovan from U.S. National Team,” Washington Post, May 22, 2014.
23. Andrea Canales, “Mexico Fans Will Miss Donovan,” May 26, 2014, ESPN FC, http://www.espnfc.us/fifa-world-cup/4/blog/post/1833313/andrea-canales-dissects-landon-donovans-omission-from-usa-world-cup-squad-from-a-mexican-perspective.
24. “World Cup Final Sets U.S. TV Record,” July 15, 2014, ESPN, http://www.espnfc.us/fifa-world-cup/story/1950567/world-cup-final-most-watched-soccer-game-in-us-history-more-than-26-million-viewers.
25. Richard Dietsch, “USA vs. Belgium Draws Another Huge American TV World Cup Audience,” Sports Illustrated, July 2, 2014.
26. Stuart Dredge, “Germany’s World Cup Hammering of Brazil Broke Twitter Records,” Guardian, July 9, 2014.
27. Brooks Peck, “MLS Shuts Down Chivas USA and a Cold World Shrugs,” October 27, 2014, Yahoo! Sports, http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-dirty-tackle/mls-shuts-down-chivas-usa-and-a-cold-world-shrugs-203926859.html.
28. “Cardiff City to Change Kit from Blue to Red amid Financial Investment,” June 6, 2012, BBC Sport, http://www.bbc.com/sport/football /18324804.com.
29. James Corrigan, “Cardiff to Wear Blue Again after Vincent Tan Takes Advice from His Mum,” Telegraph, January 9, 2015.
1. Richard Sandomir, “M.L.S., Facing Possible Strike, Finds Labor Strife at Its Door,” New York Times, March 3, 2015.
2. Kevin Baxter, “Labor Deal Averts MLS Player Strike,” Los Angeles Times, March 4, 2015.
3. “History,” Orlando City SC, http://www.orlandocitysc.com/club/history.
4. Nate Scott, “NYCFC Reveals New Jersey and It Looks Exactly Like Manchester City,” USA Today, November 13, 2014.
5. “New York City FC Announces Yankee Stadium to Be Home Field for 2015 Season,” April 21, 2014, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post /2014/04/21/new-york-city-fc-announce-yankee-stadium-be-home-field-2015-season.
6. “Who We Are,” Third Rail, http://www.thirdrail.nyc/who-we-are/.
7. Chris Jones, “Steven Gerrard, from Liverpool to L.A., Is Still Just a Boy Who Loves Football,” July 28, 2015, ESPN FC, http://www.espnfc.us/club/la-galaxy/187/blog/post/2533763/steven-gerrard-final-act-with-la-galaxy.
8. Grant Wahl, “How Seattle’s Stunning Clint Dempsey Deal Got Done,” Sports Illustrated, August 5, 2013.
9. Steven Goff, “Jermaine Jones Joins New England Revolution. Here’s How,” Washington Post, August 25, 2014.
10. Jermaine Jones, “I am so thankful what has happened in one and a half years with the club, the teammates & fans, the city of Boston! I appreciate the love from everybody! I’m going home now and finally enjoying my family! Very excited to see what will be the next step in our life!” Instagram, October 30, 2015.
11. “MLS Announces Additional Investment in Club Rosters with Introduction of Targeted Allocation Money,” July 8, 2015, MLS, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post /2015/07/08/mls-announces-additional-investment-club-rosters-introduction-targeted-allocation.
12. Doug McIntyre, “MLS Rule Opens Door for More ‘High-Earning’ Players,” July 8, 2015, ESPN FC, http://www.espnfc.us/major-league-soccer /story/2516355/mls-rule-opens-door-for-more-high-earning-players-at-clubs.
13. Kevin Brown, “The L.A. Galaxy Signed Giovani dos Santos Because Rules Are for Chumps,” July 15, 2015, Fusion, http://fusion.net/story/167406 /giovani-dos-santos-signs-with-la-galaxy-mls/.
14. Chris Alexopoulos, “I’ve never seen ESPN dump out of an event in the 20 years I’ve worked there,” August 23, 2015, Twitter, @chriszop.
15. Jonathan Tannenwald, “Among the most stunning moments in MLS history RT_@svertelney: Whoa … did ESPN just break their own policy and cut away from a live event?” August 23, 2015, Twitter, @thegoalkeeper.
16. “San Jose Earthquakes Announce New Club Facility Naming Rights: Avaya Stadium,” Avaya, http://www.avaya.com/usa/sponsorship/sports /earthquakes2.html.
17. Saad Abdul-Salaam, “Wow those poss in Portland are something else# iwouldknow,” November 1, Twitter, @Saad-Abdul..
18. Patrick Guldan, “Timber Joey’s Log Won’t Be Inside MAPFRE Stadium for MLS Cup,” Massive Report, December 1, 2015. http://www.massiverepo.com/2015/12/2/9833816/timber-joeys-log-wont-be-inside-mapfre-stadium-for-mls-cup.
19. “Gabriel Brener Acquires AEG’s Interests in Houston Dynamo, BBVA Compass Stadium and Houston Dash,” December 15, 2015, Houston Dynamo, http://www.houstondynamo.com/post/2015/12/15/gabriel-brener-acquires-aeg%E2%80%99s-interests-houston-dynamo-bbva-compass-stadium-and
1. Associated Press, “MLS Unveils New Shield Logo That Includes a ‘Tail.’” New York Daily News, September 18, 2014.
2. Ken Belson, “In England, Embracing M.L.S. for What It Is, Not What It Isn’t,” New York Times, October 27, 2015.
3. Evan Ream, “Commissioner Don Garber Visits Sacramento to Survey MLS Expansion Quest.” April 15, 2016, MLSSoccer.com, http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2016/04/15/commissioner-don-garber-visits-sacramento-survey-mls-expansion-quest.
4. Ty Duffy, “MLS to Detroit Already Facing Battle with Soccer Hipsters, County Officials,” May 2, 2016, Big Lead, http://thebiglead.com/2016/05 /02/mls-to-detroit-already-facing-battle-with-soccer-hipsters-county-officials/.
5. Northern Guard Supporters Facebook Page, April 30, 2016.
6. Drew Sharp, “Major League Soccer Not a Good Fit for Detroit,” Detroit Free Press, May 3, 2016.