Index

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Abbot, Charles 332

Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury 187

Abercromby, James 332

Aberdeen, George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of 379

abortion 530, 570

abstinence, from meat on Fridays 528

Achilli, Giacinto (priest) 396–7

Action Catholique de la Jeunesse Française 462–3

Acton, Charles, Cardinal 364, 365

Acton, Harold 484

Acton, John, Lord 433, 434, 436, 448, 473–4

Acts of Parliament: Act in Restraint of Annates (1534) 20; Act of Appeals (1533) 20; Act of Indemnity (1747) 268; Act of Occasional Conformity (1711) 254, 256, 270; Act of Persuasion (Religion Act, 1580) 149, 212; Act of Praemunire (1534) 20; Act of Settlement (1662) 212; Act of Six Articles (1539) 67, 86; Act of Succession (1534) 20–1; Act of Supremacy (1534) 20–1, 45, 52, 56, 57, 398; Act of Supremacy (1559) 123; Act of the Long Parliament (1653) 205; Act of Uniformity (1549) 86, 87; Act of Uniformity (1552) 92, 93, 95, 101, 111; Act of Uniformity (1559) 123, 210; Act of Union (1801) 322, 324. See also Bishops’ Banishment Act (1697); Catholic Relief Acts; Chantries Act (1547); Civil Partnership Act (2004); Conventicle Act (1664); Convention Act; Corporations Act (1661); Divorce Reform Act (1969); Five Mile Act (1665); Heresy Act (1534); Marriage Act (1753); Popery Act (1700); Popish Recusancy Act (1605); Promissory Oaths Act; Schism Act (1714); Sexual Offences Act (1967); Submission of the Clergy Act (1534); Test Acts; Treason Act (1534)

Adda, Ferdinand d,’ Cardinal 233

Addington, Justice 292

Adelphi Club 363

Agazzari, Alfonso (SJ) 134, 145, 146

Agretti, Claudius 210

AIDS, and contraception 562

Aldington, Henry 104

Alfrink, Bernardus, Cardinal 519

Allen, William, Cardinal 133–4, 136–7, 141, 147, 150–1, 153, 154, 225, 320

altars, removal of 87

Alton Towers 358

American War of Independence 281

Amoris Laetitia (Apostolic Exhortation, 2016) 571–2

Ampleforth College 330, 349, 350

Ampthill, Bedfordshire 43, 49

Anabaptists 85, 92

Anderton family 252

Andrewes, Lancelot 179, 180, 190

Andrews, William Eusebius 339

Anglo-Irish aristocracy 183–4

Annates 20, 53

Anne, Queen: anti-Catholic legislation 253; attempts to convert her to Catholicism 228; criticism of James II’s second Declaration 241; denial of James Stuart’s legitimacy 242; opposition to James II’s Catholicism 235, 236, 237

Answer of the Ordinaries (1532) 19–20

antinomianism 85 see also faith, justification by

Antonelli, Cardinal 371, 443

Apostolic Succession 32, 66, 70, 364, 383, 385, 392, 519

Appellant Priests protestation (1603) 155, 177, 192

Aquaviva, Father Claude 137

Archer, James (priest) 327

Arden, Mary 163

Armadas, Spanish 151

Arminians 179

Army Plot (1641) 197–8

Arran, James Hamilton, 2nd Earl 76

Arrowsmith, Edmund 138

Arthur, Prince of Wales 13, 15

Ashburton, Devon 125

Aske, Christopher 52, 58

Aske, Robert 44–8, 50, 52, 53–9

Asquith, Clare 165

Assertio Septem Sacramentorum [Defence of the Seven Sacraments] 7, 24

Aston, Sir Arthur 204

Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester 257

Atterbury Plot (1721) 257, 262

Audley, Thomas 20, 27

Augsburg, Diet of (1530) 61

Austin, Alfred 410

Aylmer, John, Bishop of London 150

Babbington plot (1586) 151

Bacon, Sir Francis 161

Badger, George 164

Bagna, Cardinal 195

Baines, Peter 349, 350, 360

Baines, Richard 159

Bainham, James 11

Ballingarry uprising 403

Balmerino, James Elphinstone, Lord 180

Bancroft, Richard, Bishop of London 154, 177

Barber, Thomas 164

Barberi, Dominic (priest) 393

Barfreston, Kent 34

Barlow, William, Dean of Chester 180

Barnabo, Alessandro, Cardinal 193, 367, 407, 408, 432–3, 441

Barnard Castle, County Durham 55

Barnes, Edwin 561

Barnes, Robert 8, 9, 10

Barnwell family, Ireland 184

Barrillon, Paul 228

Barry, Charles 352

Barton, Elizabeth, ‘Maid of Kent’ 21–2, 24–5, 28

Basing House 203

Bath, John Granville, 1st Earl of 207

Bath, Somerset 238, 299

BBC 482–3, 544, 546

Bea, Augustin, Cardinal 519

Beardsley, Aubrey 473

Beaton, David, Archbishop of St Andrews 73–5

Beaton, James, Archbishop of Glasgow 193

Beaton, James, Archbishop of St Andrews 72, 193

Beaufort, Lady Margaret 22

Beaulieu Abbey 38

Bedingfield family 252

Belchem, John 411

Bellarmine, Cardinal Roberto 178, 179, 180–1

Bellasis, Father 466

Belloc, Hilaire 437, 476–80, 482, 512

bell-ringing, forbidding of 83

Benedict XIV, Pope 269

Benedict XVI, Pope (formerly Cardinal Ratzinger) 534, 542, 558, 561

Benedictines 192, 319, 330

Bennet, Thomas 11

Bentivoglio, Guido 173

Bentley, John Francis 465

Bernini, Gianlorenzo 195

Berrington, Charles, Vicar Apostolic 305, 324

Berwick-on-Tweed 91

Bess of Hardwick (Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury) 157

Beverley, Yorkshire 45, 55

Bible: belief in divine inspiration of 32; Douai-Rheims Bible (1582) 136, 483; English translations of 8, 9, 33, 63, 65, 76, 81, 85, 115, 483; Latin Vulgate of St Jerome 81; reading of 85, 526

Bigod, Sir Francis 56–7

Bill of Rights (1689) 245

Bilney, Thomas 9, 10–11

Birchley, Lancashire 252

Birmingham 258, 353, 357; Oratory 395, 402

birth control, Church’s attitude to 522, 530–5, 562, 570–1

Bishop, William, Bishop of Chalcedon 192, 193

bishops, absentee 81

Bishops’ Banishment Act (1697) 251

Bishop’s Book, The (1537) 63–4

‘black rubric’ 96

‘Blacklow’s Cabal’ 205–6

Blackwell, George (Archpriest) 154–5, 177–8, 181, 192

Blair, Tony 560

‘Bloody Assizes’ 231, 245

‘Bloody Question, The’ 132

Blount, Richard (SJ) 176

Blount family 256

Bluet, Thomas (priest) 154

Blundell, Nicholas 253

Blunt, Wilfred Scawen 473

Blythe House, Hammersmith 414

Bocher, Joan 97–8

Boleyn, Anne 12, 13, 15

Boleyn, Sir Thomas 12

Bolton Abbey 42

Bonner, Edmund, Bishop of London 78, 96, 101, 102, 105, 118–19, 125

book burning 6, 8

Book of Common Prayer: (1549) 86, 87, 93; (1662) 212–13; proscribed after Queen Mary’s accession (1553) 103; reinstated under Queen Elizabeth 122, 123

Bordley, Simon (priest) 304

Borgia, Cardinal 317

Borromeo, Carlo, Archbishop of Milan 162, 275, 397, 429

Bourne, Francis, Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster 481, 483, 510

Bourne, Gilbert, Bishop of Bath and Wells 102

Bowen, Michael, Bishop of Arundel and Brighton 544

Boxley, Kent 65

Boyne, Battle of the (1690) 248

Braddick, Michael 201

Bradford, John 102

Bramston, James, Vicar Apostolic 348, 351

Branges, Charles Barrilon d’Armoncourt, Marquis de 207

Breakspear, Nicholas 1, 90

Bresciani, Padre (SJ) 394

Bridewell gaol 148, 297

Bridges, Robert 472, 473

Bristol 73, 244, 299, 300

broadcasting, and Catholicism 481, 482–3

Broadhurst, John (former Bishop of Fulham) 561

Brockholes, John 321

Brokehole family 252

Brompton Oratory, London 402

Brontë, Charlotte 378

Brookeborough, Basil Brooke, 1st Viscount 499

Brooks, James, Bishop of Gloucester 108

Brooksby, Eleanor 202

Brown, Bishop Joseph 434

Brown, Dan, Da Vinci Code 516

Browne, John 22

Bruce, James (OSB) 247

Brushford, John (priest) 152–3

Buachailli Bana (‘Whiteboys’) 275

Bucer, Martin 78, 91

Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of 188–9, 191

Bull, Frederick 291

Bullivant, Stephen 538

Bures, Suffolk 125

Burgh, Thomas, 1st Baron 42, 43

Burghley, William Cecil, 1st Baron 135, 147, 150

Burke, Edmund 281, 295, 310

Burke, Thomas, Bishop 275

Burney, Charlotte 295

Burnham, Andrew (former Bishop of Ebbsfleet) 561

burnings see executions

Butler, Archbishop 314–15

Butler, Charles 303, 321–2

Buxton, Sydney 461

Bye Plot, The (1603) 175

Byland Abbey 42

Byrd, Juliana 146–7

Byrd, William 146–7

Caetani di Sermoneta, Cardinal Niccolo 74

Caistor, Lincolnshire 41

Call to Action (pressure group) 570

Calvin, John 17

Calvinism 129, 189, 262

Cambridge: attacks in the ‘Glorious Revolution’ 244; closure of religious houses 37; Cromwell raids College plate 202–3; James II’s interference with 238; and John Fisher 22; ‘Little Germany’ group 9–10, 11; Queen Mary repulsed in 100

Cameron, Alex, Vicar Apostolic 418

Campaign of Prayer for the Reconversion of England 352

Campbell, Colin (priest) 262, 263

Campeggio, Cardinal 14

Campion, Edmund: arrest and execution 145–7; brings Borromeo’s spiritual Testament to England 162; and ‘Campion’s Brag’ 143–4; in Ireland 183; mission to England 138, 139, 140–2; Ten Reasons 144, 145

Canada 269, 407, 412, 561; Quebec Act (1774) 279

Canning, George 331

canon law: and Catholic education 507; and child abuse scandals 540–1, 549; and the English Hierarchy 368; and Henry VIII 15, 20

Canterbury Convocation 16–17, 19, 23, 35

Cardinal College, Oxford 10, 37

Carey, George, Archbishop of Canterbury 557

Carier, Benjamin 182

Carlingford, Francis Taaffe, 3rd Earl of 234

Carlisle 57

Carmelites 319

Caroline of Brunswick, Queen Consort 341

Cartmel Priory 47

Casey, Eamon, Bishop of Galway 542

Casti Connubii (papal encyclical, 1930) 531, 532

Castlemaine, Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of 233

Castlereagh, Lord 314, 331, 336

catechism: (1555) 115; and homosexuality 536; of John Gother (c.1688) 226–7

Catesby, Robert 176, 178

Catherine of Aragon 12–13, 14, 15, 99, 101, 111

Catherine of Braganza, Queen Consort 208

Catholic Association (British) 344

Catholic Association (Irish) 342–3, 346

Catholic Bishops’ Conference in England and Wales 546, 551, 555, 561, 562, 563, 567

Catholic Board 326, 329, 333, 334, 336, 339, 340, 341, 342

Catholic Committee (‘Committee of Ten’) 303–13, 321, 325

Catholic Gazette 402

Catholic Gentleman’s Magazine 340

Catholic Herald (newspaper) 453, 555

Catholic Institute Magazine 409, 411

Catholic Magazine 339

Catholic Office for the Protection of Children and Vulnerable Adults 548

Catholic Relief Act (1778) 281–3, 284–7, 292, 296, 301–3; (1791) 307–12, 323; (1798) 320; (1829) 345–6, 349

Catholic Socialist Society 511–12

Catholic Times 412

Catholic Union 426

Catholic Young Men’s Society 426

Caton, Father 304

Cawdrey, John 164

Cecil, Robert, 1st Earl of Salisbury see Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of celibacy of the clergy: confirmed by Henry VIII 67; and Vatican II 518

Chalcedon, Bishop of 192

Chalcedon, Council of (451) 388

Challoner, Richard, Vicar Apostlic 258–60, 270, 271, 279–80, 293

Chantries Act (1547) 84

Chapuys, Eustace 43

charitable organisations, Catholic 371, 411, 420, 425–6

Charles I, King: attracted to Catholicism 194–6; marriage to Henrietta Maria 191; planned marriage to Infanta of Spain 186–90

Charles II, King: attitude to Catholicism during his reign 209, 212, 215; on death of Oliver Plunkett 222; deathbed conversion to Catholicism 207–8; Declaration of Indulgence (1660) 210–11; Declaration of Indulgence (1672) 215–16; funeral 224; and the Great Fire of London 214; and the Popish Plot 217–18; proclaimed King of Ireland (1660) 211; and the success of James II 222–3

Charles V of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor 13, 50, 110, 111, 114

Charlotte, Queen Consort 284, 349–50

Charlton, Mrs 416

Chaucer, Geoffrey 32

Cheadle, Staffordshire 395

Cheke, Sir John 120

Chesterton, G. K. 437, 474, 474–6, 477, 478, 480

Chevreuse, Duc de 191

child abuse, and the Catholic Church in England 538–53

Children of Mary 425

Chillington family 257

Christ Church, Oxford 37

Christian Doctrine Society 425

Christian Socialist Movement 437

Christiana, Princess of France 186

Church of England: abolished by Oliver Cromwell 205–6; emergence of 60, 62, 63, 64, 67, 189; obligation to attend 92, 123, 132; ordination of women 554–5; response to Catholic emancipation 375; shortage of priests 125–6

Church of St Thomas of Canterbuy, Rome 362

‘Cisalpine’ Catholics 313, 335, 435, 446

Civil Partnership Act (2004) 537

Civil War (1642–1651) 201, 202, 203

Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of 205, 213, 224

Clarendon, George Villiers, 4th Earl 346

Clarendon, Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of 234

Clark, Thomas, Bishop of Southwark 443

Clayton, Matthew 187

Clement VII, Pope 13–15, 80

Clement VIII, Pope 155, 178, 179, 183

Clement XIV, Pope 278

clergy: and child abuse scandals 541, 543–6; corruption and criticism of (16th century) 23, 31, 32–6, 74–5, 88–9, 114, 541; permitted to marry 85; prevented from marrying 103; Reginald Pole’s attempted reform of 114, 116; shortage of Protestant priests 125–6

Clerk, John, Bishop of Bath and Wells 19, 61

Clerkenwell, London 196, 244

Clifford, Hugh Clifford, 7th Baron 326

Clifford, William, Bishop of Clifton 442–3

Clynnog, Dr Morys 134

Cobbler, Captain see Melton, Nicholas, ‘Captain Cobbler’

Cobden, Richard 378

Cockerill, William 220

Cohalan, Daniel, Bishop of Cork 493–4

Coigny, Duc de 422

Cole, Henry 108

Colet, John, Dean of St Paul’s 35–6

Collectanea Satis Copiosa 16

‘collegiality’ 525

Collingridge, Peter, Vicar Apostolic 332, 349

Comerford, Edward, Archbishop of Cashel 251

Commonwealth Immigration Act (1968) 563

Communion 67, 69, 86–7, 91–2, 98, 119, 123, 176, 216 see also transubstantiation

Como, Cardinal 149

Compton, Henry, Bishop of London 230

Con, George 195–6, 197

Conan Doyle, Arthur 473

Conciliator, The (journal) 339

confession 62, 67, 69, 103

Congress of Cardinals (1815) 336

Conishead Priory 47

Connolly, James 493

Conry, Kieran, Bishop of Arundel and Brighton 540–1, 548

Consalvi, Cardinal 335, 336, 337

Constantine the Great 522

Contarini, Alvise 196

Conventicle Act (1664) 210, 213

Convention Act (1793) 343

converts, Anglican 554–8, 560–2

Conway, William, Cardinal Archbishop 506

Copeland, William 439

Corkey, Professor 503

Cornthwaite, Robert, Bishop of Beverley 446

Cornwall, and the Latin Mass 88

Corporations Act (1661) 211

Corpus Christi plays, York 126

Cottam, Thomas (priest) 149, 164

Cottington, Francis 194, 195

Cottom, John 164, 165

Council of the North 93

Counter-Reformation 99–121

County Mayo Day of Folly 274

Couve de Murville, Maurice, Archbishop of Birmingham 541, 544

Coventry, and Polish immigrants 564–5

Coverdale, Miles 65, 97

Coverham Abbey 47

Coxe Hippisley, Sir John 323, 325, 331

Crabbe, George 297

Craig, Sir James 496–8, 502

Cranmer, Thomas: and the Book of Common Prayer 86–7, 92; Book of Homilies 85; caution over speed of reform 78, 82, 86, 90; denies Mary’s claim to the throne 101; excludes Mary and Elizabeth from succession 98; Forty-Two Articles of Faith (1553) 83; and Henry VIII’s divorce 15, 23; iconoclasm 64, 125; imprisonment and execution 102, 107–9; influence on Edward VI 79, 81–2; Injunctions on idolatry 82–3; on kneeling 93, 95–6; and the Pilgrimage of Grace 39, 41, 51, 53; Protestantism of 60, 61, 68, 69; and the Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum 95; Reginald Pole on 117; and Thomas More 27; and the Wittenburg Articles 62

Crawar, Paul 72

Crew, Sir Thomas 215

Crimean War (1853–1856) 427

Cromwell, Oliver: Declaration of 1649 203; intolerance of Catholics 202–3; in Ireland 203–5, 212

Cromwell, Richard 43

Cromwell, Thomas: appoints ‘Commissioners’ to value Church’s property 37–8; destruction of relics and statues 64–5, 83; dislike of Catholicism 61; execution of 67–8; and the Lincolnshire uprising 41, 44; and the Pilgrimage of Grace 52, 53, 54, 58; political motives for Protestantism 60; and the Supplication of the Commons Against the Ordinaries 18; and Thomas More 24–5, 27

Cuban missile crisis 521

Cullen, Paul, Archbishop of Armagh 400–8, 416–17, 447–8, 450

Culloden, Battle of (1745) 267

Cumberland, Ernst Augustus, Duke of 345

Cumberlege Report 550–1

Cupich, Blase, Archbishop 569

Curia (Vatican) 90, 349, 364, 366, 367, 519

Currie, Austin 505

Curtis, John (SJ) 402

Dalgairns, Bernard 393

Dalrymple, Sir John 280, 288

Damien, St 1

Danby, Sir Christopher 47

Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of 217

Darboy, Georges, Archbishop of Paris 447

D’Arcy, Martin (SJ) 484

Darcy, Thomas, 1st Baron Darcy 43, 47, 48–50, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58

Darnell, Nicholas 434

Darowska, Hanna 566

Darwin, Charles 389, 437

Davies, Richard 162

Day, George, Bishop of Chichester 97

Day, John (priest) 106

De Unitate (Cardinal Reginald Pole) 65–6, 71

De Valera, Eamon 491–3

Declaration of Breda (1660) 210

Defence of the King’s Assertion Against Babylonian Captivity (Luther) 8

Defoe, Daniel 257, 295

Dei Verbum (1965) 525–6

Delany, Bishop of Cork 402

Derby, Church of St Mary 357

Derby, Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of (formerly Baron Strange) 165

Derry, John, Bishop of Clonfert 405

Devine, Tom 551

Devonshire, William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of 202, 216

Devonshire, William Cavendish, 5th Duke of 296

Dickens, Charles 374

Digby, Sir Everard 178

Digby, Sir Kenelm 206

Dignitatis Humanae (1965) 522–4

Dillon, Richard (priest) 271

Disraeli, Benjamin 369, 374, 450

Dissenters 216, 249, 254, 270, 387

Dissolution of the Monasteries 36–8

Divorce Reform Act (1969) 530

Dixon, Canon 119

Dollinger, Johann von 402

Dominicans 199, 255, 263, 424

Donatism 388

Doncaster 49, 51, 54, 55

Dopping, Anthony, Bishop of Meath 249–50

Douai, English College at 133, 136, 164, 205, 225, 259, 268, 319

Douai-Rheims Bible (1582) 136, 341

Douglas, Sir Robert 194

Douglass, John (Vicar Apostolic) 305, 308, 321, 324, 326, 329, 334

Dover Castle 244

Downey, Richard, Archbishop of Liverpool 508

Downham, William, Bishop of Chester 126

Downside Abbey and School 330, 349, 350

Dowson, Ernest 473

drama, Elizabethan 159–70

Drogheda, Ireland: Jesuit college at 221; Siege of (1649) 204–5

Drowry, Thomas 106

Druids 184

Dublin Review (journal) 351, 434, 436, 440

Duggan, Malachy (priest) 406

Dunblane, Scotland 129

Dunning, John 281

Durham, Bishop of (Edward Maltby) 374–5

Durham Cathedral 127

Dwyer, George Patrick, Archbishop of Birmingham 527

Dykvelt, Everard van 234–5

Dympna Centre 545

Dziwisz, Stanislaw, Archbishop 566

Eastby Abbey 47

Easter Rising (1916) 492–3

ecclesiastical courts 18–19, 211

Ecclesiastical Commission 559

Ecclesiastical Titles Bill 377–8

ecumenism 212–13, 221

Edgbaston, Birmingham 258

Edgehill, Battle of (1642) 202

Edinburgh, Scotland 247

education, Catholic: 18th century 271; 19th century 338–9, 454–6; 20th century 465, 509–11; in Birmingham 258; in Liverpool 413–15, 508; in Northern Ireland 503–4, 507; prohibited under William and Mary 246; public schools 330; and Richard Challoner 259–60; in Scotland 423–5, 510–11; and University College, Dublin 401–3

Education Acts (1870) 451, 454–5; (1902) 465; (1918) 509

Edward VI, King: belief in England’s Protestantism 120; childhood betrothal to Mary, Queen of Scots 76; and the Council of Trent 81; death 98, 99; influences liturgical and doctrinal changes 77, 78–9, 90; and John Knox 96; repeals Act of Six Articles 86

Edwards, Henry, Archbishop of Westminster 193

Elgar, Edward, The Dream of Gerontius 466

Eliot, George 145, 439

Elizabeth I, Queen: accession and early reforms 122–6; becomes ‘Governor’ of the Church of England 123; death 158; determination to repress all forms of Catholicism 151–2; and Edmund Campion 140, 145; excluded from succession 98; excommunication of 131; expulsion of all Catholic priests from England (1602) 155; during reign of Queen Mary 122; response to Regnans in Excelsis 131–2

Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia 187

Ellis, William, Right Reverend 2

emancipation, Catholic: campaign for 321–46; wariness of, among Catholics 229, 239 see also Catholic Relief Acts

Emancipation Act 1829 see Relief Acts

Emerson, Ralph 138

emigration, of Protestants after Queen Mary’s succession 103

émigré priests and nuns from France 319–20, 326, 329

English Catholic revival (19th century) 351–3, 355, 358

English Catholics: 18th century 277; the ‘Catholic Committee’ 303–13; emergence of middle and industrial class 252, 258, 260, 272, 277, 338; nobility 252–3, 257, 273, 280, 306, 321, 350, 351, 379, 416, 445

English College in Rome: and Cardinal Wiseman 347, 348–9; Church of St Thomas of Canterbury 362; hostility to Jesuits 154, 278; and Jacobitism 268; mission to England 149; and William Allen 134, 136

English Reformation see Reformation, English

Episcopalians 212

Erasmus 15, 29

Errington, George, Archbishop of Trebizond 430–3, 440, 443

Essex, Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of 221, 222, 223

Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of 157

Essex rebellion (1601) 151

Eucharist 61, 62, 81, 86 see also Communion; transubstantiation

Evelyn, John 224, 241

Everard, John 184

executions: after the Popish Plot (1678) 219; under Charles I 197; under Charles II 217, 223; under Edward VI 89, 97–8; under Henry VIII 10–12, 20–1, 28–9, 64, 67–8; under James I 177; under Queen Elizabeth 128, 132, 133, 146–8, 149–50, 152, 157, 165; under Queen Mary 104, 105, 118–20

Exsurge Domine (Papal Bull 1520) 513

Eyre, Charles, Archbishop of Glasgow 420–1, 426

Eyre, Rowland 202

Eyre family 202

Faber, Frederick William 394–5, 429, 433

Fagel, Caspar 234

Fairfax, Sir William 42

faith, justification by 31, 62, 63, 69, 80, 81, 85; condemned as heresy 92

Farmer, Anthony 237

Farquharson, Lewis 255

Farrar, George 131

Faversham, Louis de Duras, 2nd Earl of 208

Fawkes, Guy 176

Feeney, Thomas, Bishop of Killala 406

Fenianism 421, 451

Fenwick, Ann 252

Field of the Cloth of Gold (1520) 22

Fielding, Sir John 296

Firbank, Ronald 474

‘first fruits’ 18, 37, 43, 53, 116

First World War 497, 515

Fish, Simon 10, 33, 34

Fisher, James 286–7, 288

Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester: on Catholicism 70; and closure of religious houses 37; defends Catherine of Aragon 14; denounces Martin Luther 6, 25; denounces mortuary charges 34; execution and posthumous reputation 29–30; life and beliefs 22–5; and the ‘Maid of Kent’ 21, 22, 24–5; and royal supremacy 17

Fitzalan-Howard, Carina 548

FitzGerald, Vesey 343, 344

Fitzwilliam, William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl 320

Five Mile Act (1665) 213

flu epidemic (1558) 125

Ford, Ford Maddox 474

Forster, William 454

Forsyth, Thomas (SJ) 255

Forty-Two Articles of Faith (1553) 83, 92, 122

Foster, Isobel 104

Foster, Thomas 40

Fountains Abbey 56

Fowler, William 105

Fowler family 225

Fox, Charles James 324

Foxe, John 22, 117; Book of Martyrs 107

Framlingham, Suffolk 100

franchise, for Catholics 314, 321, 322, 346

Francis, Pope 571

Francis II, King of France 128

Franciscans 423

Franco, General 516

Frankishe, John 41

Franzoni, Cardinal 353, 355, 417

Frascati, Cardinal Archbishop of (Henry Stuart, Duke of York) 1, 268

Fraser, General Charles 286

Fraser, Giles 560

Freemasons 515

French Revolution 319–20

Frost, David 548

Froude, James Anthony 471

Froude, Richard Hurrell 382, 384, 437

Fuller, John (priest) 271

Gage family 257

Gainsborough, Earl of 459

Gair, G R 511

Gallagher, Thomas 568

Gallanagh, Neil (priest) 550

Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester: becomes Lord Chancellor 101; and the Book of Common Prayer 87; and Henry VIII’s divorce 23; and the Heresy Laws (1555) 104–5; imprisonment 90, 96; and ‘Little Germany’ 10; and Thomas Cranmer 60, 69, 109; and Thomas Cromwell 67

Garlick, Nicholas (priest) 157

Garnett, Henry (SJ) 148, 168, 176

Garret, Tim (priest) 548

Gascoigne family 252–3, 257

George, Henry 452

George, Prince of Denmark 228

George I, King 254, 261

George II, King 267

George III, King 280, 284, 298, 311–12, 314, 318, 322–3, 324, 349

George IV, King 341, 342, 345

ghosts, in Shakespeare’s plays 169

Gibbon, Benedict (priest) 207

Gibbons, Cardinal 463

Gibbs, Philip 437

Gibson, Matthew, Vicar Apostolic 302, 307, 309

Giffard, Bonaventure, Vicar Apostolic 238, 258, 260–1

Gilbert, George 142

Gilbert, Nicholas Alain (priest) 319

Gill, Eric 466

Gillis, James, Vicar Apostolic 423

Gilpin, Archdeacon Bernard 119

Giovannucci, Ferdinand (priest) 278

Gladstone, William Ewart 354, 355, 378, 398–9, 448–9, 456, 463

Gladwell, Robert 348

Glasgow, Scotland 247, 418–19, 426

Glasgow Celtic football club 426

Glemp, Jozef, Cardinal 565

Glenfinnan, Scotland 270

Glenlivet, Scotland 270

‘Glorious Revolution’ (1688) 244–6

Gloucester, Henry Stuart, Duke of 209

Godden, Arthur 233

Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry 218, 219

Godwin, Francis 121

Goldwell, Thomas, Bishop of St Asaph 225

Gondomar, Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, Count of 186, 188

Good Shepherd, Homes of the 413, 426

Gordon, General 466

Gordon, James (SJ) 179, 263

Gordon, Lord George 286–92, 293, 296, 299, 300–1

Gordon Riots (1780) 290–301, 303

Gorham, George 397–8

Goss, Alexander, Bishop 409, 411

Gother, John (priest) 226–7, 259

Gradwell, John 341

Grand Remonstrance (1641) 201

Grant, Charles (priest) 421

Grant, Thomas (priest) 366

Granville, William Granville, 1st Baron 312

Grattan, Henry 320, 328, 330, 341, 378

Great Exhibition (1851) 362

Great Famine, Ireland 404, 409–10, 412, 451, 507

Great Fire of London (1666) 213–15

Great Reform Bill (1832) 321, 374

Greene, Graham 474, 487–90, 534

Gregorian chant 515

Gregory the Great, Pope 533

Gregory VII, Pope 381

Gregory XIII, Pope 130, 134, 136, 178; Explanatio 148, 149, 180

Gregory XV, Pope 193

Gregory XVI, Pope 365, 513

Grey, Charles Grey, 2nd Earl 326, 327, 341

Grey, Lady Jane 98, 99–100, 101, 103, 163

Griffin, Bernard, Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster 483

Griffiths, Thomas, Vicar Apostolic 353, 359, 360

Grindal, Edmund, Bishop of London 126

Gruber, Gabriel (SJ) 330

Guidi, Cardinal 447

Guisborough Abbey 42

Gummer, John Selwyn 559

Gunpowder Plot (1605) 161, 176, 181; and Shakespeare’s Macbeth 168

Gwilliam, Thomas (Blackfriars prior) 73

Hadow Report (1931) 510

Hakewill, Dr George 188

Hales, John (priest) 36

Hales, Sir Edward 233

Halifax, George Savile, 1st Marquess 209, 231, 236, 252

Hallam, John 56, 57

Hambledon Hill, Lincolnshire 42, 45

Hamilton, Duchess of 197

Hamilton, Patrick, Abbot of Ferne 72–3

Hanover, House of 254, 256, 268, 323

Hanseatic League 8, 26, 72

Hansom, Joseph 362

Harcourt, Sir Simon 38

Harding, Thomas 11–12

Hardman, John 356, 357, 358

Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire 157

Harper, Thomas (SJ) 438

Harpsfield, Nicholas 29, 118, 119

Harrington, William 48

Hay, George, Vicar Apostolic 269, 284

Healy, Tim 491

Heath, Nicholas, Bishop of Gloucester 97

Heenan, John, Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster 520–1, 533, 563

Hennage, John 40–1

Henrietta Maria, Queen Consort 191, 195, 197, 198, 199, 202, 208, 209

Henry, Denis Stanislaus 500–1

Henry II, King 1

Henry IV of France 191

Henry VII, King 22, 36

Henry VIII, King: and closure of the monasteries 37; divorce of Catherine of Aragon 12–16; excommunication of 67; granted title ‘Defender of the Faith’ 7; invasion of Scotland 76; and the Pilgrimage of Grace 49, 50–1, 54; religious views of 5–8, 60, 62, 63–4, 67, 71; and sovereignty 16–20; as Supreme Head of the Church of England 64

Heresy Act (1534) 20

Heresy Laws (1554) 104, 117

Hesketh family 252

Hiberians football club 426

Hierarchy, English Catholic: campaign for restoration 363–4; and John Henry Newman 396; restoration of 194, 371–80; and the Vatican 353, 355

Hierarchy, Scottish Catholic 379, 420, 432

Higgons, Theophilus 182

Highland Clearances 256, 268, 276

Hill, Christopher, Bishop 560

Hill, Michael (priest) 544–5, 546

Hilsey, John, Bishop of Rochester 65

Hinsley, Arthur, Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster 483, 510

Hofton, William (priest) 549–50

Holbeck, Nottingham 258

Holden, Henry 206

Holgate, Robert, Prior of Watton Abbey 45

Hollings, Michael (priest) 548

Hollis, Christopher 474

Hollis, Crispian, Bishop of Portsmouth 540

Holocaust, Church’s failure to condemn 515, 524

holy days, observance of 302

Holy Roman Emperor see Charles V of Spain; Maximilian II

Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh 128, 236, 247, 319

Holywell, Wales 184, 248, 329

Homilies Set Forth (1555) 118

homosexuality, Church’s attitude to 535–7, 571

Honest Godly Instruction for the Bringing up of Children, An (1555) 118

Hooker, Richard 42

Hooper, John, Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester 78–9, 81, 88, 93, 95, 96, 97, 102, 105

Hopkins, Gerard Manley 471, 472–3

Hornyold, John, Vicar Apostolic 302

Hornyold, Thomas 303

horses, Catholics prohibited from owning 245

Hoskins, Anthony (SJ) 181

Hough, John 237

Houghton family 164–5

Howard, Cardinal Philip 226

Howard, Henry see Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of

Howard, Thomas see Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke

Howard family 256

Hubert, Robert 214

Huddersfield 357

Huddleston, John (priest) 207–8

Huguenots 228

Hull 47–8, 103

Humanae Vitae (papal encyclical, 1968) 522, 531–5, 538, 571

Humani Generis (papal encyclical, 1950) 517

Humble Address of the Roman Catholic Peers (1778) 280–1

Hume, Basil, Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster 516, 534, 536–7, 546, 548, 555–9, 561

Hune, Richard 34

Hunt, Holman 471

Hunt, Simon (SJ) 164

Huntingdon, George Hastings, 1st Earl 50

Huntingdon, Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of 240

Huntley family 319

Hyde, Anne, Duchess of York 224

iconoclasm 82–4, 125

Immaculate Conception 434, 446

immigration: Catholic Church’s support of 562–3 see also Irish immigrants; Polish immigrants

‘index’ (of forbidden books) 8, 111, 452

indulgences, sale of 5, 32, 81, 115

Industrial Revolution 258, 260, 268, 277, 350

Ingleby, Francis (priest) 152

Injunctions, Royal (1547), on idolatry 82–3, 122

Institution of a Christian Man, The (1537) 63

intercession of saints 32, 39, 81, 85, 92

IRA (Irish Republican Army) 495, 497, 506

Ireland: 18th century Catholicism in 273–6, 278–9; and Catholic emancipation 313–18, 342–4; and the Catholic Relief Act (1778) 302; and the Catholic Relief Act (1791) 311–12; Catholic uprising (1533) 18; under Charles I 199–200; under Charles II 211–12; Easter Rising and civil war 492–4; under Elizabeth I 130; founding of University College, Dublin 400–3; Great Famine and emigration 315, 404–7; and Home Rule 450; Ireland Act (1949) 504; under James II 232, 234, 235; and nationalism 337–8; Oliver Cromwell’s suppression of 203–5; and Oliver Plunkett 220–1; partition 494–6, 501; Protestant settlers in 183–4; Rebellion (1641) 200–1, 203; sectarian violence 493–5, 501–2; Synod of Thurles (1850) 417; Treaty of Limerick 248–9; ‘Wild Geese’ legend 249; and William of Orange 248–51 see also Northern Ireland

Ireton, Henry 205

Irish College in Rome 220, 370, 404

Irish Free State (1921) 494

Irish immigrants 338, 369–70, 429; and Catholic population in England 408, 416; in Liverpool 407, 409–16; in Scotland 418–23

Irish Relief Acts 278–9, 302, 310; (1778) 322; (1793) 314

Islam 524

Jacobite Rebellion (1715) 254–6, 262

Jacobite Rebellion (1745) 267–8, 276

James I, King (James VI of Scotland): accession to the English throne 153, 158, 173–4; and Catholicism 179; death 191; dislike of Jesuits 175; and the Gunpowder Plot 176; intellect of 178–9, 181–2; and the Main Plot (1603) 157; and the Oath of Allegiance 177–8; plan to marry Prince of Wales to Spanish Infanta 186–90

James II, King (James VII of Scotland): attempts to prevent succession of 222–3; Catholicism of 209, 224–5; on Charles II’s conversion 207; Declaration of Indulgence to Tender Consciences (1687) 236–7, 240–1; Ecclesiastical Commission of 230, 237, 238; exempted from the Test Acts 216, 219; flees to France 242–3; invades Ireland (1690) 248; promotion of Catholicism in England 227–34

James VI of Scotland see James I, King (James VI of Scotland)

Jansen, Cornelius Otto 262

Jansenism 262–3

Jeffreys, George 231, 241, 245

Jenkins, Thomas 164

Jermyn, Henry 198

Jerningham, Edward 326, 327, 328

Jervaulx Abbey 56

Jesuits: and Catholic education 424–5; under Charles I 196, 197, 198, 202; and the English College in Rome 134; executed under Charles II 219; and John Henry Newman 394; in Liverpool 414–15; and the ‘reconversion’ of England 135–9, 140–1, 153, 154–5, 258; re-established in England (19th century) 335–6; Reginald Pole rejects offers of help 116; resentment of 137–8, 154, 174–5, 192, 226, 232, 247; in Scotland 248, 255–6, 268–9; and Stonyhurst 330, 336; suppression of, by Clement XIV 278; in Wales 248

Jesus College, Cambridge 37

Jewel, John, Bishop of Salisbury 124

Jews/Judaism 524

John Paul II, Pope 516

John XXIII, Pope 517–20, 531

Johnson, James (SJ) 424

Jones, Inigo 197

Jones, William 233

Jonson, Ben 159, 160–1

Joynson-Hicks, William 497

Julius II, Pope 7, 13, 15

Julius III, Pope 90, 109, 114, 115

Karpinski, Ryszard, Bishop 565

Keane, William, Bishop of Ross 417

Keating, Frederick, Archbishop of Liverpool 508

Keble, John 382, 383, 389

Kelly, Oliver, Bishop of Tuam 342

Kelly, P J 508

Kelly, Thomas 408

Kendall, Thomas (priest) 39–40

Kennedy, John F. 531

Kennett, Brackley 294–5

Ker, Ian 472

Kett’s Rebellion 88–9

Keynes, John (SJ) 232

King’s Book, The (1543) 69

King’s Players 161

Kingsley, Charles 437–8

Kinsey, John (OSB) 543

Kirby, Christopher 217

Kirby, Luke (priest) 138

Kirk, of Scotland 129–30, 182–3, 198, 235–6, 247, 255, 262

kneeling, opposition to 92–4, 95–6

Knights of St Columba 508

Knollys, Sir Francis 148

Knox, John 33, 74, 90, 129; conversion to Protestantism 73; enslavement by the French 77; flees to France after Queen Mary’s accession 102; opposition to kneeling 92–4, 95–6; preaches at Edward VI’s court 95; preaches at James VI’s accession to Scottish throne 173; preaching style 76–7, 182; on restoration of Catholicism under Queen Mary 101; taken up by Church of England 91; Vindication of the Doctrine that the Sacrifice of the Mass is Idolatry 93–4

Knox, Ronald 194, 437, 474, 480–4

Kukla, Tadeusz (priest) 566

Kyd, Thomas 159, 160

Labour Party 509, 511, 512

Lambert, John 70

Lambeth Palace 27

Lancashire, Catholicism in 153, 165, 225–6, 250, 252, 257, 267, 272, 277, 278, 329

Lancashire Free Press 413

Lancaster Herald (Thomas Miller) 48–9, 50, 54

Langdale, Thomas 299

Langland, William 32

Lansdowne, Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 7th Marquess 376

Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester: arrested after Queen Mary’s accession 102; and doctrine 64; execution of 107–8; and iconoclasm 65; and the Pilgrimage of Grace 51, 53; resigns as Bishop of Worcester 67; on shortage of Protestant clergy 97; and Stratford-on-Avon 163

Latimer, John Neville, 3rd Baron 47

Latin Vulgate of St Jerome (Latin Bible) 81, 88

Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 190, 196

Laxfield, Suffolk 106

Layton, Dr Richard 38, 53

League of St Sebastian 425

League of the Cross 420, 426, 456

Lee, Edward, Archbishop of York 45, 48, 54

Lefebvre, Marcel, Archbishop 523

Legbourne Priory 40

Leicester, Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of 145, 150

Leigh, Dr Thomas 38, 53

Leo X, Pope 6, 7

Leo XII, Pope 347

Leo XIII, Pope 379, 420, 457, 463, 514

Leonard, Graham, Bishop of Truro (formerly Bishop of London) 555–6, 558, 561

Leslie, Norman 75

Leslie, William (priest) 222

Leyburn, John, Vicar Apostolic 194, 225–6, 238, 239

Liber Valorum 37

Licensing Act (1871) 456

Lincolnshire Rising (1536) 39–45

Lisle, Viscount 38

Lismore, Scotland 270

Litta, Cardinal 334, 335, 336, 340

‘Little Germany’ group 9–10, 15

Littlemore, Oxford 389–90, 392–3

liturgical practice 124; and Vatican II 526–7

Liverpool: Catholic Cathedral 507; Catholic population, 19th century 329; Irish immigrants in 407, 409–16; sectarianism in 507–9

Lloyd George, David 114, 465

Loch Morar, Scotland 269

Lockhart, William (priest) 408

Logan, Davie 509

Logue, Michael, Cardinal 492, 494, 495

Lollards 9, 31, 32, 72

London dock strike (1889) 461

Londonderry, Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess 502, 503–4

Longland, John, Bishop of Lincoln 12, 60, 97

Lord Strange’s Men (company of players) 165

Lords of Congregation, Scotland 128, 173

Louis XIV of France 215–16, 228

Louth, Lincolnshire 39–42

Louth Park Abbey 40

Louvain, Belgium 72, 73, 133

Lovell, Lady Elizabeth 178

Lowe, Robert 451

Ludlam, Robert (priest) 157

Ludlow, Edmund 205

Lumen Gentium (1965) 525

Luther, Martin 6, 7–8, 9, 17, 25, 72, 541; belief in justification by faith alone 31, 62; and Diet of Augsburg 61; excommunication of 80; Ninety-Five Theses of 5, 32

Lyford Grange, Berkshire 145

Lynch, John, Bishop of Toronto 407

Lyon, Peter 298

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 1st Baron 354

MacDonagh, Thomas 493

MacDonald, Alasdair 269

MacDonald, Allan (priest) 267

Macdonald, Hugh, Vicar Apostolic 269, 276

Macdonald, Sir Archibald 310

Macdonell, Alexander (priest) 283

MacDowell, Cathal 492

Mackenzie, Compton 74, 474

Macmillan, Harold 481

Macmillan’s Magazine 437–8

MacRory, Joseph, Cardinal Archbishop 495, 502

Magdalen College, Oxford 82, 237–8

Mageean, Daniel, Bishop 495

Maginn, Edmund, Bishop of Derry 406

Maher, James (priest) 406

‘Maid of Kent’ see Barton, Elizabeth

Maidstone, Kent 106

Main Plot, The (1603) 157, 175

Malo, James 294–5

Maloney, John Baptiste 271

Manchester 267, 277, 329, 369, 370

Manning, Henry, Cardinal: and alchohol abstinence 456; as Anglican vicar of Lavington 354; appointed Archbishop of Westminster 443–4; appointed Provost of the Westminster Chapter 431; and Catholic education 454–6; and George Errington 432–3; influence on Hilaire Belloc 477; on Irish immigrants 416; and the Irish Question 450–1; and the Oblates 429–30; and the Oxford Movement 385–6, 397–400; and papal infallibility 446–8; rivalry with Newman 429–30, 434, 444–5, 457–9, 460; in Rome 427–8; and social reform 451–2, 460–4; Ultramontanism 439–42; and William Ewart Gladstone 449

Mansfield, William Murray, 1st Earl of 271, 284, 297, 301

Marcellus II, Pope 114

Margaret of Scotland, Queen 156

Maria Anna, Infanta of Spain 186–90

Marie de Medici 191, 197

Marie of Baden, Princess 422

Market Rasen, Lincolnshire 42

Markham, William, Archbishop of York 297, 298

Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of 235, 242, 248

Marlowe, Christopher 159–60

marriage: between Catholics and non-Catholics 193, 520; and Humanae Vitae 531–5

Marriage Act (1753) 270

Marsh, John (priest) 246

Marshalsea prison 143, 144, 158

Martin, Thomas 103, 108

martyrdom 10–12, 28, 30, 146

Marvell, Andrew 214, 215

Mary, Queen of Scots 85, 151, 156, 173, 235; childhood betrothal to Edward VI 76; and Scottish Catholicism 128–30

Mary II, Queen (with William of Orange) 228, 234, 245

Mary of Guise 74, 75, 77

Mary of Hungary 52

Mary of Modena, Queen Consort of James II 224, 242

Mary Tudor, Queen: and burning of heretics 107, 119–20; death 120; Declaration to Council (1553) 102; marries Philip of Spain 111; overcomes opposition to her succession 99–100; postpones Reginald Pole’s return to England 110–11; as Princess Mary 15–16, 53, 79, 86, 98; and the ‘reconversion’ of England 114–15, 120

Maryvale (Old Oscott) 393, 395

Mass: death penalty introduced for saying Mass under Elizabeth 126; Henry VIII’s attitude to 69; Latin mass abolished in England (1549) 86, 87–8; reinstated after Queen Mary’s accession 102; vernacular 518, 526–8; votive 67

Massey, John (priest) 234

Mathew, Thomas 65

Mawe, Leonard 188

Mawhood, William 293

Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor 131

Maynooth seminary, Ireland 315–16, 318, 355, 390, 414, 492

McCaughan, Colm, Monsignor 507

McDonald, Peter (priest) 256

McDonnell, Thomas (priest) 366–7

McGregor, Gregor (priest) 262, 263

McHale, John, Archbishop of Tuam 400, 401, 403, 406

McLellan Report 551

McNamara, William Nugent 343

McPherson, Paul (priest) 334

Melton, Nicholas, ‘Captain Cobbler’ 41, 56

Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire 100

Mendoza, Don Bernardino 135

Mercurianus, Everard (SJ) 137

Methodism/Methodists 277, 360

Metternich, Count 365

Mill, John Stuart 343

Miller, Thomas 48–9

Milner, John, Vicar Apostolic: appointed as Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District 323–4; on Bible reading 341; on the Catholic Committee 303; on Irish emancipation 314, 318; opposition to the Catholic Relief Act 309–10, 326–9, 331–4, 342–3; and the Orthodox Journal 339–40; at Oscott College 330; on readmission of Jesuits into England 335

Minchew, Donald (priest) 554

Minto, Gilbert Elliot, 2nd Earl 365–6, 376

missionary priests, sent to England from Rome 135–9

Mitford, Nancy 527

Mitford, Sir John 309, 310

Mivart, St George Jackson 464

Modernists Movement 515

Molyneux family 257

monasteries: closures of 22, 36–8, 40; corruption and criticism of 34–5

Monck, General 212

Monmouth, James Scott, 1st Duke of 223; rebellion (1685) 231

Monmouth, Wales 202

Monophysitism 388

Montague, Lady 192

Montague family 257

Monteagle, William Parker, 4th Baron 176

Monteith, Robert 422

Monteith family 424

Montgomery, George (priest) 370

Month, The (periodical) 472

Montini, Giovanni Battista, Cardinal see Paul VI, Pope

Moore, Tom 279, 342

Moorfields, and the Gordon Riots 294–5

Moran, Peter, Bishop of Aberdeen 566

More, Thomas: arrest, death and posthumous reputation 27–30; and the Assertio Septem Sacramentourm 7; criticism of the clergy 35; definition of Catholicism 70; denounces Martin Luther 8, 25; enthusiasm for book burning and executions 10, 25–7; and the ‘Maid of Kent’ 21, 24; resigns as Chancellor 20; on the state of Catholicism in England 85; Utopia 26

Morley, John 398

Morrice, Richard 220

Morton, John, Cardinal 32

mortuary charges 34

Moseley Hall, Worcestershire 208

Mount, Ferdinand 557

Mount St Bernard Cistercian Abbey 352

Murdoch, John (priest) 418–19, 421, 424, 425

Murphy-O’Connor, Cormac, Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster 540, 545–6, 548, 556, 557, 565, 566

Murray, John Courtney (SJ) 523

Mussolini, Benito 515

Nantes, Edict of 228

Napoleon Bonaparte 326, 335, 336

Napoleonic Wars 325, 334, 350

Nash, Thomas 164

National Catholic Safeguarding Committee 543, 552

National Child Protection Unit 547

National Conference of Priests 549

National Heresy Commission (1557) 119

National Pastoral Congress 528

Neale, Richard, Bishop of Durham 190

Neal-Lomas, J 411

Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for Any Christian Man (1543) 68–9, 69–70

Neve, Frederick 441, 445

New Model Army 203, 205

Newark, Siege of 202

Newdegate, Charles 451

Newgate prison 296–7

Newman, John Henry, Cardinal: Apologia Pro Vita Sua 439, 556; background and birth of the Oxford Movement 380–7; and Cardinal Wiseman 351; and Charles Kingsley 437–8; conversion and move to Oscott 388–94; creates the Oratory school 433–4; and Darwinism 517; on English literature 471; inspires converts to Catholicism 369; invited to become Cardinal 457–9; A Letter to the Duke of Norfolk 449, 460; nostalgia for Catholic golden age 352; and the Oratorians 394–6, 429; plan to create Catholic Oxbridge college 428, 441–2; popularity of 459–60; on Pusey’s Eirenicon 444; and The Rambler 434–7; and the restoration of the Hierarchy 372, 376, 396; rivalry with Cardinal Manning 429–30, 444–5, 460; support for Risorgimento 439–40; Tracts of 384–5, 388, 391; on Ultramontanes 449; and University College, Dublin 401–3

Newport, Countess of 197

Newton, Keith (former Bishop of Richborough) 560, 561

Nichols, Beverley 483

Nichols, Vincent, Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster 541, 542, 556, 557, 570

Nicholson, Thomas, Vicar Apostlic in Scotland 247

Nihell, Laurence, Bishop of Kilmacduagh 275

Ninety-Five Theses (of Martin Luther) 5

Nitti, Francesco 463

Nolan Report 546–51

Noncomformists 210, 249, 262, 277–8, 512

Norfolk, Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of 328

Norfolk, Charles Howard, 10th Duke of 280

Norfolk, Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of 457, 459

Norfolk, Henry Howard, 13th Duke of 379, 433

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of 43, 49–50, 52, 53, 54, 57, 67, 127

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of 257, 260

North, Frederick, Lord North 288, 301

Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of 161

Northern Earls’ Rebellion 127–8, 130, 151

Northern Ireland: created as Protestant state 494–9; education policies 503–4, 507; Troubles 505–6

Northumberland, Henry Percy, 6th Earl of 47

Northumberland, John Dudley, 1st Duke of 79–80, 89, 90, 94, 117; and Lady Jane Grey 98, 99–100, 101; support for John Knox 95–6

Northumberland, Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of 127

Norwich 88, 100, 244

Nostra Aetate (1965) 524

Noyes, John 106

Nugent, James (priest) 411–14

Nuttall, Professor A D 167

Oates, Titus 217–18, 223, 231

Oath of Allegiance: (1606) 176–8, 181; (1715) 256, 260, 267; and the ‘Blacklow scheme’ 206; and Catholic emancipation 331; and the Catholic Relief Act (1791) 308–11; executions for refusing 27–8; and the Test Act (1673) 216; and the Treaty of Breda 215 see also Promissory Oaths Act

Oaths of Supremacy and Succession 21, 163, 199, 211, 215, 216

Oblates 429–33

obligation, to attend Church of England services 92

O’Brien, Keith, Archbishop of Glasgow 540, 551

Ochino, Bernardino 86

O’Connell, Daniel 323, 336–8, 342, 343–4, 346, 351, 355, 392, 403

O’Connor, T P 455, 500, 508

Ogilvy, Marion 75

Old Hall Academy, Hertfordshire see St Edmund’s College, Hertfordshire

Old Pretender see Stuart, James (Old Pretender)

Olivares, Count de 188

O’Mahony, Frank (priest) 491

O’Neill, Laurence 491–2

O’Neill, Sir Phelim 200, 203

O’Neill, Sir Terence 505–6

Opus Dei 516–17

Orange Lodges 496, 497, 499, 501, 502

Oratorians 393, 394, 402, 429–30, 433

Ordinariates 560–2

O’Reilly, Richard, Archbishop of Armagh 316

Ormond, James Butler, Earl of 203, 204, 211–12, 221

orphanages, Catholic 414

Orthodox Journal 339–40, 360

Oscott College, Birmingham 320, 330, 355, 359, 361, 378, 393–4

O’Shea, Katharine 462

Oxford 10, 91; Christ Church (originally Cardinal College) 37; iconoclasm in 82; James II’s interference in 237–8; martyrdom of Latimer, Ridley and Cranmer 107–9

Oxford, Bishop of (Richard Bagot) 388, 389

Oxford Movement 384–5, 422, 472 see also Tractarian Movement

pagan rites and superstitions 184, 274, 304

Paget, Sir William 89

Paisley, Ian 505–6

Palatinate, The 187

Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount 365, 373, 423, 443

Panzani, Gregorio 195

Papal Bulls: Aeterni Patris (1879) 446; circulation made illegal (1571) 132; circulation made illegal (1851) 377; excommunicating Luther 6; Exsurge Domine (1520) 513; Regnans in Excelsis (1570) 131; suppressing the Jesuits 278; Unigenitus (1713) 262

papal infallibility 446–8, 524

Papism 67, 71

Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of Canterbury 126

Parker, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford 237, 238

Parkyns, John (priest) 9

Parnell, Charles Stewart 462

Parris, George van 97

Parry plot (1585) 151

Parsons, Robert (SJ): and Jesuit mission to England 137–8, 140–1, 144–7; Judgement of an Englishman (1608) 179; and the Oath of Allegiance (1606) 177, 181; opposes Appellants 155; recommends Infanta of Spain as Elizabeth’s successor 153; takes Jesuit vows 136

Patmore, Coventry 473

patronage, and Catholic priests 153, 202, 252, 272–3, 278, 303, 338

Paul III, Pope 45, 52, 80, 89, 115

Paul IV, Pope 114–15

Paul VI, Pope 520, 521, 531, 533

Payne, William 271

Peck, Sir John 506

Peel, Robert 344, 345, 355, 400

Pele, Robert (priest) 34

Pella, Bishop of 510

penal laws: and the Catholic Relief Acts 280, 303; under Charles II 211; in Ireland 250, 315; James II’s attempts to relax 229, 233, 236, 239–40; not applied 219, 261, 271; remain in force under Bill of Rights (1689) 245; and the Toleration Act (1689) 249

Penney, Samuel (priest) 544

Penswick Thomas, Vicar Apostolic 184

Peploe, Samuel 252, 253

Pepys, Samuel 215, 218, 224

Percy, John (SJ) 181

Percy, Lord Algernon 299

Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham 560, 561

Peterborough, Bishop of (John Hinchcliffe) 282

Petre, Edward (SJ) 231–2, 241, 253

Petre, Francis (priest) 278

Petre, Robert Petre, 9th Baron 280, 287, 303, 308, 309

Petre, William Petre, 2nd Baron 202

Petre family 253, 273, 284

Philip II of Spain: becomes King of Spain, the Netherlands and Naples 114; disapproves of Elizabeth’s excommunication 131; Irish Catholics ask for assistance 130; marriage to Queen Mary 104, 110, 111; and restoration of the Church’s property 113; returns to Spain 120–1; Robert Parsons invites to invade England 147; warns Mary over persecution of heretics 118

Philip III of Spain 186, 189

Phillips, Ambrose 352–3

Phillpotts, Henry, Bishop of Exeter 397–8

Philpot, John 105, 107

Pickles, Henry (priest) 8

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) 46–59

Pinkie, Battle of 76

Pitt, William 306, 320, 324, 326

Pitts, Arthur (priest) 149

Pius IV, Pope 74, 115

Pius IX, Pope 193, 365, 373, 375, 394, 397, 429, 443, 445, 447, 513, 519, 524

Pius V, Pope 131

Pius VI, Pope 302

Pius VII, Pope 326, 334, 335

Pius VIII, Pope 349

Pius XI, Pope 517

Pius XII, Pope 516, 517, 517–18, 524, 525

Plantagenet, Margaret see Salisbury, Margaret Pole, Countess of

Plunkett, Joseph 493

Plunkett, Oliver, Archbishop of Armagh 220–2, 495

Plunkett, Patrick, Bishop of Meath 316

Plunkett, William 341, 342

pluralities, in the Church of England 126

Polak, Wojciech, Bishop 566

Pole, Cardinal Reginald: created Cardinal by Pope Paul III 45–6; criticism of the clergy 35–6, 541; De Unitate 65–6, 71; death 120; emissary to Paris for the King’s cause 15–16; on the English Reformation 12; equivocation of 71; favourite to replace Paul III as Pope 89–90; on justification by faith 80; made Archbishop of Canterbury (1556) 116; and the Pilgrimage of Grace 50–1, 52; and the ‘reconversion’ of England 108–17; on the state of Catholicism in England 85

Pole, Margaret see Salisbury, Margaret Pole, Countess of

Polish immigrants, and the Catholic Church in England and Scotland 563–8

Ponet, John, Bishop of Winchester 97

Ponsonby, George 328

Pontefract Castle 47, 48, 52, 54

Popery Act (1700) 271

Popham, John 156

Popish Plot (1678) 217–18, 220, 222, 231, 232

Popish Recusancy Act (1605) 176

population: of Catholics in England (17th century) 173, 210, 225–6; (18th century) 272, 277; (19th century) 329, 338–9, 369, 408, 416; (20th century) 471, 534, 567–8; of Catholics in Northern Ireland (20th century) 504; of Catholics in Scotland (17th century) 246; (18th century) 276–7; (19th century) 418–20; (20th century) 567–8

Porter, Endymion 194

Porteus, Beilby, Bishop of London 326

Portland, Richard Weston, 1st Earl of 194

Portland, William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of 312

Postgate, Nicholas (priest) 219–20

Potter, Joseph 356

Poulson family 252

Poynings Law 248

Poynter, William 329, 331–2, 334–6, 337, 340, 340–1, 342

Praemunire see Act of Praemunire (1534)

Prance, Miles 217

Prayer Book see Book of Common Prayer

Prayer Book riots 88

Pre-Raphaelites 471

Presbyterians 182, 206, 212, 247, 267, 269, 505

Prest, Agnes 105

Preston, Battle of (1715) 255, 321

Preston, Lancashire 267, 278, 362

Prichard, Matthew (priest) 304

priest-holes 145, 208

Priestley, J. B. 483

priests see clergy

Prior Park, Bath 349, 350, 366

Profitable and Necessarye Doctryne, A (1554) 118

Promissory Oaths Act 503

Propaganda Fide: and the English Oratories 429; forbid cooperation with Protestant universities in Ireland 400; and the governance of the Church in England 353, 355; and John Henry Newman 394, 436, 442, 449; and mixed marriages 193; and the Oblates at St Edmund’s 432, 433; and Pugin’s designs 361; and the restoration of the Hierarchy 364, 366–8; and Scottish Catholicism 194, 198–9, 247, 263, 268–9, 420

Protestant Association (Irish) 344

Protestant Association (Scotland) 285–90, 292, 296, 297, 301

Protestant Bible Society 340–1

Protestation of Allegiance 154

Publicist, The (journal) 340

Pugin, Augustus Welby 352–62, 422, 435, 527

Pugin, Edward 362

Purcell, Edmund Sheridan 456

Purcell family 258

purgatory: and the Chantries Act (1547) 84; and the Council of Trent 81; doctrine condemned in Book of Common Prayer 92; Henry VIII on 64, 69–70; Hugh Latimer on 51; and indulgences 5, 33; and Newman’s Tracts 388–9

Puritans 198, 205, 213, 232

Pusey, Edward Bouverie 382, 390, 444

Pym, John 200, 201

Quakers 213, 270

Quarantotti Rescript 334

Quebec Act (1774) 279

Quinn, Michael 351

Radnage, Buckinghamshire 98

Rainsforth, Sampson 293, 295

Raleigh, Sir Walter 175

Rambler, The (periodical) 434–7

Ramsay, Michael, Archbishop of Canterbury 563

Ratisbon Colloquy 80

Ratzinger, Cardinal see Benedict XVI, Pope

Rawdon, John, Lord 310

Reading, Berkshire 319

‘real presence’ 70, 81, 86, 91, 93, 123, 146 see also transubstantiation

‘reconversion’ of England: Campaign of Prayer for the Reconversion of England 352; and the English College in Rome 268; and Henrietta Maria 196; and James II 235, 247; under Queen Mary 104, 111, 116, 120; and Robert Parsons (SJ) 141; and William Allen (SJ) 136–7

recusancy laws 175–6, 190, 191, 197

recusants 71, 101, 125, 132, 152, 163–4, 218; and Acts of 1606 176; convictions under George I 256; disarmament of, by Oliver Cromwell 202; numbers of (1603) 173; in Wales 184

Redemptorists 408

Rees-Mogg, Jacob 512

Reeves, John 219–20

Reform Club 351

Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum 95

Reformation: English 5, 12, 16–22, 60, 67–8, 78, 89, 94; origins of 5–12; Scottish 33, 72–7, 94, 128–30, 182

Regnans in Excelsis (Papal Bull) 131–2, 142, 148–9, 153, 156, 177, 178, 180, 181

Reisarch, Cardinal 442

Reith, John 483

relics, holy 64, 81

Reresby, Sir James 229, 230

Rerum Novarum (papal encyclical, 1891) 463, 514

Resby, James 72

Restoration (of the monarchy, 1660) 206, 210

Reynolds, Frederic 290

Reynolds, Richard 36

Rheims, France 133, 136, 152, 159

Richelieu, Cardinal 197

Richmond, Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of 291

Richmond, Yorkshire 55

Richmond and Derby, Margaret, Countess of 37

Ride, Richard 222

Ridley, Nicholas, Bishop of London 78, 82, 87, 94, 96, 107–8

Ridolfi plot (1571) 151

Rievaulx Abbey 34, 42

Rishton, Edmund (priest) 138

Risorgimento 365, 404, 436, 439

Rock, Daniel (priest) 363

Rockingham, Marquis of 296

Rodgers, John 105

Rogers, John 102

Rolfe, Frederick William (‘Baron Corvo’) 474

Roman Catholic Bible Society 341

Roncalli, Angelo Giuseppe see John XXIII, Pope

rood screens, removal and destruction of 64–5, 82, 83, 527

Roper, Margaret 28

Roper, William 29

rosary 269

Rosminians 353, 424, 425

Rossetti, Count 198

‘Rough wooing’ of Scotland 76

Roy, William 10

Royal Ulster Constabulary 496, 505

Royce, William 33

Russell, Charles (priest) 390, 402

Russell, John Russell, 1st Earl 374–5, 376, 377, 378, 406

Russell, Lord William 223

Russell, Patrick, Archbishop of Dublin 234

Rutland, Thomas Manners, 1st Earl 50

Ryan, Bishop of Limerick 402

Ryan, John (priest) 328

Rye House Plot (1683) 223

Sacherverell, Dr Henry 254, 257

Sacramentorum Sanctitatis Tutela (apostolic letter) 542, 549

Sadlier, John 377

Saint-Germain, Paris 243, 248

saints see intercession of saints

Salisbury, Frances 131

Salisbury, Margaret Pole, Countess of 15, 66

Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of 154, 156, 161, 173, 175, 178, 179, 181

Salmesbury Hall, Lancashire 138

Sampsom, Richard, Bishop of Chichester 66

Sancroft, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 240, 241

Sanders, Nicholas (priest) 151

Sardinian Embassy Chapel 292–3, 351

Sassoon, Siegfried 474

Savile, Sir George 281

Savile, Sir John 295

Sawley Abbey 49, 55

Saxbee, John, Bishop of Lincoln 560

Scarampi, Pierfrancesco (priest) 220

Schism Act (1714) 253–4, 256, 270

Schofield, Charles 378

Scory, John, Bishop of Chichester 97

Scotland: 18th century Catholicism in 276–7, 283–4, 319; Catholic education (19th century) 339; Catholic education (20th century) 510–11; child abuse scandals 551–2; Covenanters 199, 203; excluded from the Catholic Relief Act (1778) 283, 285, 286; and the ‘Glorious Revolution’ 247–8; governance of Catholic Church in 193–4; Irish immigrants in 418–23; Jacobite Rebellion (1715) 255–6; Jacobite Rebellion (1745) 267–9; under James II (VII) 235–6; and Jansenism 262–3; Kirk 129–30, 182–3, 198, 235–6, 247, 255; Polish immigrants in 566–7; Reformation 33, 72–7, 85, 128–30, 182, 183; ‘Scottish revival’ 198–9

Scott, John (priest) 129

Scottish College in Rome 183, 193, 222, 263, 269, 319

Scottish Hierarchy 420, 432

Scottish Relief Act (1793) 319

Scottish Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge 276

Scroggs, Sir William 219

Scrope, John Scrope, 8th Baron 47

Sedgefield, County Durham 124

Sedgemoor, Battle of (1685) 231

Sejanus (Ben Jonson) 161

sex, Church’s attitude to 515, 521–2, 530–8

Sexual Offences Act (1967) 530

Seymour, Jane 69

Seymour, William 158

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of 228

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl of 375–6, 378

Shakespeare, John 161–3

Shakespeare, William 159, 161–70

Sharp, Dr James 230

Sharples, James (priest) 363, 365, 366

Shaw, George Bernard 31, 476, 483

Shaw, Joseph 534

Shaxton, Nicholas 71

Shearer, Eileen 548, 550

Sheehy, Nicholas (priest) 273, 276

Sheil, Richard 413

Sheldon, William 280

Shelley family 257

Sherwin, Ralph (priest) 138

Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, 15th Earl 280

Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of (‘Bess of Hardwick’) 157

Shrewsbury, George Talbot, 4th Earl 43, 49, 50, 53

Shrewsbury, John Talbot, 16th Earl 332, 350, 352, 353, 357, 358–9, 361, 367, 379, 395, 399, 435

Sidmouth, Henry Addington, 1st Viscount 336

Sikorska, Grazyna 566

Silk, David 561

Silvertop, George 339

Simpson, Richard 434

Sinn Fein 493, 497, 506

Sisters of Mercy 423

Sitwell, Edith 474

Six Articles, The 67, 68, 86, 88

Sixtus V, Pope 178

Skipworth Moor, Yorkshire 46

Slattery, Michael, Archbishop of Thurles 402

Smith, Clement (SJ) 244

Smith, Francis (SJ) 218

Smith, James, Vicar Apostlic 246

Smith, Richard 107–8

Smith, Richard, Bishop of Chalcedon 192–3

Smith, Sir Thomas 124

Smith, Thomas (priest) 340

Smithfield, London 27, 98, 104, 106

Smyth, Brendan (priest) 543

Society of Friends see Quakers

Society of Jesus see Jesuits

Society of Our Lady of Mount Carmel 425

Somerset, Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of 233

Somerset, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of 76, 79–80, 83, 84, 88, 90, 91

Somerset House, Henrietta Maria’s chapel in 191, 196, 197

Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of 90

Southwark Diocesan Children’s Society 544

Southwell, Robert 148

Spain, Civil War (1936-1939) 515–16

Spanish invasions, English fear of 185, 262

Spark, Muriel 474

Speed, John 162

Spellman, Francis, Cardinal 523

Spencer, Gabriel 160

Spencer, George (priest) 352, 408

Spiritual Exercises (of the Society of Jesus) 137

St Alban 381

St Ambrose Christian Brothers’ College, Altringham 543

St Augustine 388, 491, 533

St Barnabas’ Cathedral, Nottingham 353, 357–9

St Chad’s Cathedral, Birmingham 353, 357–8, 360, 366–7, 395, 527

St Edmund’s College, Hertfordshire 319–20, 330, 430–3, 431, 481

St George’s Cathedral, Southall 376

St John, Ambrose 390, 392, 394, 395, 403, 437

St John’s College, Cambridge 37

St Keverne, Cornwall 61

St Mary’s College, Blairs 540, 542

St Mungo’s Cathedral, Glasgow 129

St Paul’s Cathedral 83, 86, 87, 254; burns down in the Great Fire 214

St Paul’s Cross, London 6, 8, 51, 64, 102, 103, 182, 187

St Peter’s, Folkestone 561

St Radegund Convent, Cambridge 37

St Sepulchre’s Convent, Canterbury 21

St Vincent de Paul Society 420, 426

St Walburge, Preston 362

St Winifred’s Well, Flintshire 257

Staffordshire, Association of Clergy (1680s) 226

Staley, William 219

Stanhope, Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl of 307

Stanihurst family, Ireland 183

Stanley, Edward (Earl of Derby) 49

Stanley, Sir William 157

Stanley family 165

Stapleton, Henry 157–8

Stapleton, Thomas 303

Stapleton, William 47

statues, removal and destruction of 64–5, 83–4

stem-cell research 537

Stokes, Scott Nasmyth 434

Stokesley, John, Bishop of London 23, 30, 33, 60

Stonor, Christopher, Monsignor 305

Stonor, Henry 300

Stonor, John Talbot, Vicar Apostolic 261

Stonor family 256

Stonyhurst College 330, 336

Stourton, William Stourton, 16th Baron 280, 303

Strachey, Lytton 384, 456

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of 197–8

Strange, Lord see Derby, Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of (formerly Baron Strange)

Stratford-upon-Avon 161–4

Strickland, Thomas (priest) 261

Stuart, Arbella 153, 156–8, 175

Stuart, Henry, Duke of York see Frascati, Cardinal Archbishop of

Stuart, James (Old Pretender) 242, 254–5, 257

Stuart, Maxwell (priest) 548

Stuart, Prince Charles Edward (Young Pretender) 267

Stuart dynasty 174

Submission of the Clergy Act (1534) 20

Suenens, Leo-Joseph, Cardinal 521

Suffolk, Henry Brandon, 2nd Duke of 43–4

Suffolk, Henry Grey, 1st Duke of 100

Summerville Plot (1583) 163

Supplication of the Commons Against the Ordinaries (1532) 18–19

Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of 43, 303

Sutherland, George Gordon, 15th Earl of 231

Swift, Jonathan 273

Syllabus Errorum (Papal Bull, 1864) 439, 513, 514

Synod of Bishops (2015) 193

Synod of Southwark 142

Synod of the English Church (1555) 115, 116

Synod on the Family (1980) 534

Synod on the Family (2015) 569

Syon Abbey 36

Tablet, The (journal): on Anglican converts to Catholicism 557; and child abuse scandals 539, 540, 546; conservatism of 464; founded (1840) 338; on Humanae Vitae 533, 535; and John Henry Newman 434–5, 458, 460; raises money for the Pope during Risorgimento 447; on the restoration of the English Hierarchy 374; on Westminster Cathedral 467

Talbot, George (priest) 427, 432, 439, 440, 441, 444–5, 458

Talbot, James, Vicar Apostolic 271, 297, 305

Talbot, Peter, Archbishop of Dublin 221

Talbot, Thomas, Vicar Apostolic 307, 308

Tallis, Thomas 147

Tankerd, Henry (priest) 34

Tardini, Domenico, Cardinal 517

Tartaglia, Philip, Archbishop of Glasgow 551

temperance 420, 456

Temple, William 461

Ten Articles (1536) 62–3

Terrick, Richard, Bishop of London 270

Test Acts (1673) 216, 218, 233; (1678) 219; 221, 254; James II’s attempts to repeal 231, 233, 234–5, 236, 240

Thirty-Nine Articles (1571) 123, 195, 230, 249, 342, 387, 388

Thompson, Francis 474

Thompson, Richard, Vicar Apostolic 339

Thorndon Hall, Essex 284

Throckmorton, Sir John 280, 303, 305, 325

Throckmorton, Sir Robert 260

Throckmorton plot (1583) 151

Thurles, Ireland 274–5, 315, 400, 417

Tillett, Ben 461–2

Times, The 372, 373, 376–7, 449, 458, 535

tithes 20, 34, 45, 116; Irish 276, 316, 320

Toleration Act (1689) 249

Tomkins, Thomas 106

Tone, Wolfe 316

Tonge, Israel 217, 218

Tractarian Movement 384, 391–2, 398 see also Oxford Movement

transubstantiation: and the Act of Six Articles 67; and the Act of Uniformity 86, 87; and the Bishop’s Book 64; and the Book of Common Prayer 123; and Calvin and Zwingli 17; condemned as heresy (1549) 92; and the Council of Trent 81; depicted in the Corpus Christi plays 126; Edmund Campion on 146; and Humani Generis (1950) 517; and John Henry Newman 383, 390; and The King’s Book 69; and the Oath of Allegiance 256, 345; reinstated as required belief (1553) 102, 116–17; rejected by Lollards 32; and the ‘Ten Articles’ 62; and the Test Act (1673) 216; and the Toleration Act (1689) 249

Treason Act (1534) 20

Treaty of Breda (1667) 215

Treaty of Dover (1670) 215

Treaty of Limerick (1691) 248–9, 251

Trent, Council of 80–1, 115, 167, 183, 192, 274, 275, 388, 430, 485, 517

Tresham, Francis 176

Tresham, Sir Thomas 174

Troy, John, Archbishop of Dublin 316–17, 328, 334

Tully, George 230

Tunstall, Cuthbert, Bishop of London later Bishop of Durham 9, 11, 87, 91, 93, 94, 97, 119

Turner, Francis, Bishop of Ely 241

Turulski, Narcizas (priest) 564–5

Tyburn 21, 28, 36, 176, 222

Tyldesley, Thomas 252

Tyndale, William 8, 9, 63, 65, 71

Tyrconnell, Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of 234

Tyrie, John (priest) 267

Ullathorne, William Bernard (OSB): candidate for Archbishopric 441, 443; on Catholic education 454–5; and Frederick Faber 395; installed as Bishop of Birmingham 396; and Newman’s elevation to Cardinal 457–8; and The Rambler controversy 434–6; and the restoration of the Hierarchy 366–8, 379

Ulster Protestant League 499, 501

Ulster Protestant Volunteers 505

Ulster Protestants’ Defence League 497

Ulster Volunteer Force 496

Ultramontanism: and Cardinal Manning 440; and Cardinal Wiseman 354, 364; and English Catholicism 313, 370, 379, 429, 432; and John Henry Newman 444; and papal infallibility 446–7; and Paul Cullen, Archbishop of Armagh 417

Ulverston, Lancashire 244

Unigenitus (Papal Bull) 262–3

Universe, The (newspaper) 436–7

University College, Dublin 401–3

Ushaw College, County Durham 320, 330, 348, 353

Utopia (Thomas More) 26

Valor Ecclesiasticus 37, 56

Vatican Council, First (1869-1870) 445–9, 517, 524

Vatican Council, Second (1962-65) 358, 485, 517–29

Vaughan, Herbert, Cardinal Archbishop: acquires the Dublin Review 457; acquires The Tablet 338; appointed to St Edmund’s seminary 431–2; and Cardinal Manning 456; and Catholic education 465, 512; theological orthodoxy 464; and Westminster Cathedral 465–7

Vaux, Anne 202

Vendeville, Jean 133

Vermigli, Peter Martyr 91, 97

Vicars Apostolic 193–4, 225, 238, 239, 246, 282, 353; and Catholic emancipation 326, 328, 333–4; and the Catholic Relief Act (1791) 304–5, 307–9; and the restoration of the Hierarchy 363–-4

Victoria, Queen 373–4, 375

Villiers, George see Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of

Vincentians 424

Vindication of the Doctrine that the Sacrifice of the Mass is Idolatry (Knox) 93–4

Vitelleschi 362

Voysey, John, Bishop of Exeter 97

Wade, John 278

Waldegrave, Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron 240

Wales 153, 184–5, 248, 277, 304, 329, 409

Walker, John (priest) 389

Walker, Obadiah 233

Walmesley, Charles, Vicar Apostolic 282, 307, 308–9

Walpole, Horace 288

Walpole, Robert 262

Walsh, Thomas, Vicar Apostolic 193, 351, 353, 355, 356, 358–9, 360–1, 364, 368, 392

Walsh, William, Archbishop of Dublin 491–2

Walsingham, Sir Francis 146, 159, 160

war, justification of, and Vatican II 521–2

Ward, W. G. 430, 440

Ward, William 391

Ware, Hertfordshire 330, 375

Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 6, 17, 19, 32

Warne, John 106

Warner, John (SJ) 232

Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of see Northumberland, John Dudley, 1st Duke of

Waste, Joan 105

Waterfield, John 165–6

Watling, William 196

Watson, Robert 296

Watson, William 185

Waugh, Evelyn 141, 474, 484–7, 489, 490, 527

Weld, Thomas, Cardinal 305, 349–50

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of 343, 344–5, 346

Welsh Disestablishment Bill 114

Wesley, Charles 297

Wesley, John 277–8, 287, 301, 348

Westminster, Marquess of 416

Westminster Cathedral 453–4, 465–7

Westmorland, Charles Neville, 6th Earl of 127

Wexford, Ireland 205

Whateley, George 164

Wheatley, John 511–12

Whitby, Synod of (663) 45

Whitby, Yorkshire 319

Whitby Abbey 42

White, Thomas 205

White, Winifred 329

White Horse Tavern, Cambridge 9, 10

Whitgift, John, Bishop 164

Whitgreave, Thomas 208

Whitty, James 413

Wigan 329, 336

Wilberforce, Henry 385

Wilberforce, Robert 398

Wilberforce, Samuel 399

Wilde, Oscar 474

Wilfridians 395

Wilkes, John 298–9

Wilkes, Joseph (priest) 305

William III, King of England (Prince of Orange) 228, 234–5, 242; anti-Catholic legislation 245–6; and the Battle of the Boyne 248; and the ‘Glorious Revolution’ 244; and the Treaty of Limerick 248–9

Williams, John (priest) 106

Wilson, Nicholas (priest) 28

Winchelsea, Lord 378

Winchester, John Paulet, 5th Marquess of 203

Windebank, Sir Francis 194

Windham, William 327

Winwood, Ralph 187

Wisbech, Cambridgeshire 154

Wiseman, Nicholas, Cardinal: on 17th century Catholic organisation 239; and Augustus Pugin 356–8; background and academic distinction 347–8; and Catholic education 415; creates new parishes 408; death 442; From the Flaminian Gate 372–3; and George Errington 430, 432–3; and Henry Manning 400; on his succession 440–1; and John Henry Newman 393, 395, 434, 436; at Oscott College 361; and the Oxford Movement 391–2; and the restoration of the Hierarchy 363–8, 371–4, 375–7; in Rome 353–4; tour of England 350–2

Wishart, George 73–4

Wittenberg, Germany 5, 72

Wittenberg Articles 32, 62

Wolfe, David (SJ) 130

Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal: and book burnings 6, 8; death 16; founds Cardinal College (later Christ Church, Oxford) 37; and Henry VIII’s divorce from Catherine of Aragon 13–15; interrogates Robert Barnes 10; opposition to English translation of the Bible 9; possibility of being elected Pope 31; and Thomas More 26–7

women: changing role in society 515; and ordination as deacons 572; ordination of, in Church of England 554–5, 558–60

Woodman, Richard 107

Worcester, Battle of (1651) 208

World Health Organisation 531

Worlock, Derek, Archbishop of Liverpool 528, 534

Wren, Matthew (priest) 188, 190

Wright, Roddy, Bishop 542

Wryght, Thomas (priest) 153

Wyatt Rebellion (1557) 103, 117

Wyclif, John 8–9, 31–2

York 101, 244

York, Duchess of see Hyde, Anne, Duchess of York

York, Prince Frederick, Duke of 342

Yorkshire, and the Pilgrimage of Grace 48–9

Young, Arthur 273

Young Ireland movement 403

Young Pretender see Stuart, Prince Charles Edward (Young Pretender)

Zika virus 562, 571

Zwingli, Huldrych 17, 86, 91