THE HEART OF THIS BOOK IS DRAWN FROM OVER ONE HUNDRED INTERVIEWS WITH activists, organizers, historians, political scientists, sociologists, and others over the course of two years of reporting. Unless otherwise cited, quotations are drawn from those interviews.
INTRODUCTION: NO FUTURE SHOCK
1. Christopher Hayes, Twilight of the Elites: America After Meritocracy (New York: Crown, 2012), 2–12; Matt O’Brien, “Economists Have Discovered How Bad the Economy Really Is,” Washington Post, April 21, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/04/21/economists-have-discovered-how-bad-the-economy-really-is; Matthew Yglesias, “American Democracy Is Doomed,” Vox, October 8, 2015, www.vox.com/2015/3/2/8120063/american-democracy-doomed; Tom Jensen, “Americans Like Witches, the IRS, and Even Hemorrhoids Better Than Congress,” Public Policy Polling, October 8, 2013, www.publicpolicypolling.com/main/2013/10/americans-like-witches-the-irs-and-even-hemorrhoids-better-than-congress.html.
2. John Nichols and Robert McChesney, Dollarocracy: How the Money and Media Election Complex Is Destroying America (New York: Nation Books, 2013), 8; Amie Parnes and Kevin Cirilli, “The $5 Billion Presidential Campaign?” The Hill, January 21, 2015, http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/230318-the-5-billion-campaign; Helaine Olen, “Politics: You Lose, You Snooze,” The Baffler, April 27, 2015, http://thebaffler.com/blog/lose-snooze.
3. Sarah Jaffe, “$230,000 for a Guard Dog: Why the Wealthy Are Afraid of Violence from Below,” AlterNet, July 29, 2011, www.alternet.org/story/151837/$230,000_for_a_guard_dog%3A_why_the_wealthy_are_afraid_of_violence_from_below; Lynn Parramore, “The Man Who Builds Luxury Bomb Shelters for Paranoid One Percenters,” Vice, October 11, 2015, www.vice.com/read/this-guy-is-building-doomsday-shelters-for-billionaires-111.
4. Josh Sanburn, “The Witness: One Year After Filming Eric Garner’s Fatal Confrontation with Police, Ramsey Orta’s Life Has Been Upended,” Time, July 2015, http://time.com/ramsey-orta-eric-garner-video; Ian Murphy, “I Punk’d Scott Walker,” Politico, November 18, 2013, www.politico.com/magazine/story/2013/11/i-punkd-scott-walker-100033; Valerie Strauss, “Yes, Scott Walker Really Did Link Terrorists with Protesting Teachers and Other Unionists,” Washington Post, February 27, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2015/02/27/yes-scott-walker-really-did-link-terrorists-with-protesting-teachers-and-other-unionists.
5. Paul Mason, “Twenty Reasons Why It’s Kicking Off Everywhere,” BBC News, February 5, 2011, www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/newsnight/paulmason/2011/02/twenty_reasons_why_its_kicking.html.
6. Quoted in Charles E. Cobb Jr., This Nonviolent Stuff’ll Get You Killed (New York: Basic Books, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 4565.
CHAPTER 1: BANKS GOT BAILED OUT, WE GOT SOLD OUT
1. Andrew Friend, “Workers’ Republic,” Vimeo, 2009, https://vimeo.com/30882647.
2. Jerry Mead-Lucero, “Chicago Sitdown Strike Produces Win for Workers, Not Banks,” Labor Notes, December 22, 2008, http://labornotes.org/2008/12/chicago-sitdown-strike-produces-win-workers-not-banks.
3. Monica Davey, “In Factory Sit-In, an Anger Spread Wide,” New York Times, December 7, 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/12/08/us/08chicago.html.
4. James Wilkowski is a bishop of the Evangelical Catholic Church, which is not part of the Roman Catholic Church. It traces its heritage to splits in the church that date back to the 1720s. See Patrick Butler, “Roamin’ Catholics,” Chicago Reader, May 28, 1998, www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/roamin-catholics/Content?oid=896402; Davey, “In Factory Sit-In, an Anger Spread Wide.”
5. Manny Fernandez, “For A.I.G. Executives, Here Comes the Tour Bus,” New York Times, March 21, 2009, www.nytimes.com/2009/03/22/nyregion/22cnd-tour.html.
6. Chris Isidore, “Bailout Plan Rejected—Supporters Scramble,” CNN Money, September 29, 2008, http://money.cnn.com/2008/09/29/news/economy/bailout; Matt Taibbi, “Secrets and Lies of the Bailout,” Rolling Stone, January 4, 2013, www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/secret-and-lies-of-the-bailout-20130104.
7. Fernandez, “For A.I.G. Executives”; Edmund L. Andrew and Peter Baker, “A.I.G. Planning Huge Bonuses After $170 Billion Bailout,” New York Times, March 14, 2009, www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/business/15AIG.html.
8. Michael P. Mayko, “Activists Vent at AIG Executives,” Connecticut Post, March 22, 2009, www.ctpost.com/business/article/Activists-vent-at-AIG-executives-1302788.php; Eric Gershon, “Driving It Home to AIG,” Hartford Courant, March 22, 2009, http://articles.courant.com/2009–03–22/news/aig-tour-bus-0322_1_aig-bonus-recipients-tour-taxpayer-aid.
9. James Barron and Russ Buettner, “Scorn Trails A.I.G. Executives, Even in Their Driveways,” New York Times, March 19, 2009, www.nytimes.com/2009/03/20/nyregion/20siege.html; Mark Gongloff, “AIG CEO: Bonus Uproar ‘Just as Bad’ as Racist Lynch Mob,” Huffington Post, September 24, 2013, www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/24/aig-bonuses-benmosche-deep-south_n_3981911.html.
10. Moe Tkacik, “Journals of the Crisis Year,” The Baffler, February 1, 2010, www.daskrap.com/journals-crisis-year.
11. Bob Ivry, Bradley Keoun, and Phil Kuntz, “Secret Fed Loans Gave Banks $13 Billion Undisclosed to Congress,” Bloomberg, November 27, 2011, www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011–11–28/secret-fed-loans-undisclosed-to-congress-gave-banks-13-billion-in-income; Dean Baker, False Profits: Recovering from the Bubble Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2010), 83.
12. Baker, False Profits, 102.
13. “Chart Book: The Legacy of the Great Recession,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, October 29, 2015, www.cbpp.org/research/chart-book-the-legacy-of-the-great-recession; Christopher J. Goodman and Steven M. Mance, “Employment Loss and the 2007–09 Recession: An Overview,” Monthly Labor Review, Bureau of Labor Statistics, April 2011, www.bls.gov/mlr/2011/04/art1full.pdf; Matt Taibbi, The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealth Gap (New York: Spiegel and Grau, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 3117–3121.
14. Sarah Jaffe, “6 Ways the Big Banks Are Getting Back-Door Bailouts and Making Big Money from Taxpayers,” AlterNet, June 28, 2012, www.alternet.org/story/156005/6_ways_the_big_banks_are_getting_back-door_bailouts_and_making_big_money_from_taxpayers.
15. Jordan Weissman, “How Wall Street Devoured Corporate America,” The Atlantic, March 5, 2013, www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/03/how-wall-street-devoured-corporate-america/273732; Doug Henwood, Wall Street: How It Works and for Whom (New York: Verso, 1998), 13–14, 22; Zaid Jilani, “JP Morgan Investor Report: Huge Corporate Profits Resulted Directly from Reducing Wages and Benefits,” ThinkProgress, July 14, 2011, http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2011/07/14/269213/report-corporate-profits-wage-cuts.
16. Philip Mirowski, Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste: How Neoliberalism Survived the Financial Meltdown (New York: Verso, 2014), 319.
17. Henwood, Wall Street, 21.
18. Thomas Frank, One Market Under God: Extreme Capitalism, Market Populism, and the End of Economic Democracy (New York: Doubleday, 2000), xiv, 97–99; Timothy Noah, The Great Divergence: America’s Growing Inequality Crisis and What We Can Do About It (New York: Bloomsbury, 2012), 178.
19. Mark Fisher, Capitalist Realism (Washington, DC: O Books, 2009).
20. “Capitalism at Bay,” The Economist, October 16, 2008, www.economist.com/node/12429544.
21. Eric Etheridge, “Rick Santelli: Tea Party Time,” New York Times, February 20, 2009, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/20/rick-santelli-tea-party-time.
22. Theda Skocpol and Vanessa Williamson, The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism (London: Oxford University Press, 2012), Kindle edition, loc. 3948.
23. Ibid., loc. 215.
24. Mark Lilla, “The Tea Party Jacobins,” New York Review of Books, May 27, 2010, www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/may/27/tea-party-jacobins.
25. Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, loc. 2579.
26. Ibid., loc. 607.
27. Barbara Ehrenreich, Fear of Falling: The Inner Life of the Middle Class (New York: Harper Perennial, 1990).
28. Michael Kazin, The Populist Persuasion: An American History (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 1; 2 Thessalonians 3:10.
29. Charles Postel, “Occupy: A Populist Response to the Crisis of Inequality,” Eurozine, November 7, 2012, www.eurozine.com/articles/2012–11–07-postel-en.html; Charles Postel, The Populist Vision (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), Kindle edition, loc. 17; Erik Loomis, “The Hidden Progressive History of the Income Tax,” AlterNet, September 7, 2012, www.alternet.org/labor/hidden-progressive-history-income-tax.
30. Chip Berlet and Matthew Lyons, Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort (New York: Guilford Press, 2000), 5–6.
31. Kazin, Populist Persuasion, 263; Jefferson Cowie, Stayin’ Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (New York: New Press, 2010), Kindle edition, loc. 2469.
32. Ehrenreich, Fear of Falling, 251.
33. Frank, One Market Under God, xiv.
34. “Full Transcript of the Mitt Romney Secret Video,” Mother Jones, September 19, 2012, www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/09/full-transcript-mitt-romney-secret-video.
35. Mirowski, Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste, 130.
36. Ylan Q. Mui, “Americans Saw Wealth Plummet 40 Percent from 2007 to 2010, Federal Reserve Says,” Washington Post, June 11, 2012, www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/fed-americans-wealth-dropped-40-percent/2012/06/11/gJQAlIsCVV_story.html.
37. Kelly Candaele, “The Year of the Organizer,” The American Prospect, February 1, 2008, http://prospect.org/article/year-organizer; Marshall Ganz, “How Obama Lost His Voice, and How He Can Get It Back,” Los Angeles Times, November 3, 2010 http://articles.latimes.com/2010/nov/03/opinion/la-oe-1103-ganz-obama-20101103.
38. Matt Sledge, “March on Wall Street: Thousands of Teachers, Advocates Rally Against Bloomberg Cuts,” Huffington Post, May 12, 2011, www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/12/wall-street-march-may-12_n_861367.html.
39. Doug Singsen and Sarita Flores, “What Bloombergville Achieved,” Socialist Worker, July 25, 2011, http://socialistworker.org/2011/07/25/what-bloombergville-achieved; David W. Chen, “In ‘Bloombergville,’ Budget Protesters Sleep In,” New York Times, CityRoom, June 15, 2011, http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/15/in-bloombergville-budget-protesters-sleep-in.
40. Joan Walsh, What’s the Matter with White People? Why We Long for a Golden Age That Never Was (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2012), 228; Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 550–552.
41. “Public Views of Inequality, Fairness, and Wall Street,” Pew Research Center, January 5, 2012, www.pewresearch.org/daily-number/public-views-of-inequalityfairness-and-wall-street; Rich Morin, “Rising Share of Americans See Conflict Between Rich and Poor,” Pew Research Center, January 11, 2012, www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/01/11/rising-share-of-americans-see-conflict-between-rich-and-poor.
42. Manuel Castells, Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age (Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2012), 163.
43. Matt Stoller, “#OccupyWallStreet Is a Church of Dissent, Not a Protest,” Naked Capitalism, September 29, 2011, www.nakedcapitalism.com/2011/09/matt-stoller-occupywallstreet-is-a-church-of-dissent-not-a-protest.html.
44. Castells, Networks of Outrage and Hope, 129.
45. Ibid., 171.
46. Paul Mason, Why It’s Kicking Off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions (New York: Verso, 2012), 80.
47. Manissa McCleave Maharawal, “So Real It Hurts: Notes on Occupy Wall Street,” Racialicious, October 3, 2011, www.racialicious.com/2011/10/03/so-real-it-hurts-notes-on-occupy-wall-street.
48. Richard Kim, Tweet, October 14, 2011, https://twitter.com/RichardKimNYC/status/124923212093071362.
49. Phillip Anderson, Tweet, October 14, 2011, https://twitter.com/phillipanderson/status/124793751687274498.
CHAPTER 2: MIDDLE-CLASS MELTDOWN AND THE DEBT TRAP
1. Zaid Jilani, “Occupy Atlanta Encamps in Neighborhood to Save Police Officer’s Home from Foreclosure,” ThinkProgress, November 8, 2011, http://thinkprogress.org/special/2011/11/08/363692/occupy-atlanta-encamps-in-neighborhood-to-save-police-officers-home-from-foreclosure; Jason Cherkis and Sara Kenigsburg, “Occupy Y’all Street: Occupy Atlanta Fights Foreclosure, Fannie Mae Demands Protesters’ Emails,” Huffington Post, December 2, 2011, www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/02/occupy-yall-street-ows-moves-into-atlanta-suburbs_n_1125645.html.
2. Interview with Nick Espinosa; Nick Espinosa, “11th Hour Victory! Citibank Cancels Foreclosure Auction of Minneapolis Mom’s Home; Commits to Loan Modification with Reduced Payments,” Occupy Homes Minnesota, June 12, 2012, www.occupyhomesmn.org/11th_hour_victory.
3. Ben Henry, Jill Reese, and Angel Torres, “Wasted Wealth: How the Wall Street Crash Continues to Stall Economic Recovery and Deepen Racial Inequity in America,” Alliance for a Just Society, May 2013, http://allianceforajustsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Wasted.Wealth_NATIONAL.pdf.
4. “CoreLogic Reports 41,000 Completed Foreclosures in March 2015,” Core-Logic, May 12, 2015, www.corelogic.com/about-us/news/corelogic-reports-41,000-completed-foreclosures-in-march-2015.aspx.
5. Dean Baker, False Profits: Recovering from the Bubble Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2010), 19–20, 26–28.
6. Doug Henwood, “Leaking Bubble,” The Nation, March 12, 2006, www.thenation.com/article/leaking-bubble; Baker, False Profits, 47.
7. Sarah Jaffe, “The Whistleblower’s Tale: Countrywide Investigator Fired for Doing Her Job While Rampant Fraud Was Concealed,” AlterNet, July 19, 2012, www.alternet.org/story/156375/the_whistleblower%27s_tale%3A_countrywide_investigator_fired_for_doing_her_job_while_rampant_fraud%C2%A0was_concealed.
8. US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, finding in the case of Eileen Foster, September 13, 2001, available at www.documentcloud.org/documents/250789-cwd-ef-final-osha-order.html.
9. Blake Ellis, “Countrywide’s Mozilo to Pay $67.5 Million Settlement,” CNN Money, October 15, 2010, http://money.cnn.com/2010/10/15/news/companies/mozilo_SEC/index.htm; Frank Ahrens, “Big Payday Awaits Chairman After Countrywide Sale,” Washington Post, January 12, 2008, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/11/AR2008011103673.html; Les Christie and Rebecca Stewart, “Countrywide Issued Hundreds of VIP Loans to Buy Influence, Report Says,” CNN Money, July 5, 2012, http://money.cnn.com/2012/07/05/real_estate/countrywide-mortgage.
10. Pat Garofalo, “The Foreclosure Fraud Settlement, by the Numbers,” Think-Progress, February 9, 2012, http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2012/02/09/421865/foreclosure-fraud-settlement-numbers; Alan Pyke, “What the Government Won’t Tell You About the Foreclosure Fraud Settlement,” ThinkProgress, March 20, 2014, http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2014/03/20/3417092/foreclosure-fraud-settlement-complete.
11. Lynnley Browning, “Too Big to Tax: Settlements Are Tax Write-Offs for Banks,” Newsweek, October 27, 2014, www.newsweek.com/2014/11/07/giant-penalties-are-giant-tax-write-offs-wall-street-279993.html.
12. Laura Gottesdiener, “Wall Street’s Hot New Financial Product: Your Rent Check,” Mother Jones, March/April 2014, www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/01/blackstone-rental-homes-bundled-derivatives.
13. Rebecca Burns, “Wall Street’s Teetering New Rental Empire,” Al Jazeera America, September 13, 2014, http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/9/wall-street-economyfinancialcrisisrentbackedsecurities.html; Diana Olick, “Housing’s New Crisis: Half Your Income for Rent,” CNBC, December 9, 2015, www.cnbc.com/2015/12/09/housings-new-crisis-half-your-income-for-rent.html.
14. Manuel Castells, Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age (Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2012), 11; Judith Stepan-Norris and Maurice Zeitlin, Left Out: Reds and America’s Industrial Unions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002), Kindle edition, loc. 2686; Amy Sonnie and James Tracy, Hillbilly Nationalists, Urban Race Rebels and Black Power: Community Organizing in Radical Times (New York: Melville House, 2011), Kindle edition, loc. 878–891.
15. Andrew Ross, Creditocracy and the Case for Debt Refusal (New York: OR Books, 2014), 75–80.
16. Time, July 3, 1950, cover, available at http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,1101500703,00.html.
17. Ross, Creditocracy, 80–82, 112–113; Ta-Nehisi Coates, “The Case for Reparations,” The Atlantic, June 2014, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631; Drew Desilver, “American Union Membership Declines as Public Support Fluctuates,” Pew Research Center, February 20, 2014, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/02/20/for-american-unions-membership-trails-far-behind-public-support; Andrew Cherlin, Labor’s Love Lost: The Rise and Fall of the Working-Class Family in America (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2014), 192; Bethany Moreton, To Serve God and Wal-Mart: The Making of Christian Free Enterprise (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), 135; “College Enrollment Hits All-Time High, Fueled by Community College Surge,” Pew Research Center, October 29, 2009, www.pewsocialtrends.org/2009/10/29/college-enrollment-hits-all-time-high-fueled-by-community-college-surge.
18. Ross, Creditocracy, 114.
19. Ibid., 114–115.
20. Barbara Ehrenreich, Fear of Falling: The Inner Life of the Middle Class (New York: Harper Perennial, 1990), 200.
21. Timothy Noah, The Great Divergence: America’s Growing Inequality Crisis and What We Can Do About It (New York: Bloomsbury, 2012), 76; Keith Miller and David Madland, “What the New Census Data Show About the Continuing Struggles of the Middle Class,” Center for American Progress, September 16, 2014, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2014/09/16/97203/what-the-new-census-data-show-about-the-continuing-struggles-of-the-middle-class; Dean Baker, “Median Wealth Is Down by 20 Percent Since 1984,” Beat the Press, July 28, 2014, www.cepr.net/blogs/beat-the-press/median-wealth-is-down-by-20-percent-since-1984.
22. Frank Newport, “Fewer Americans Identify as Middle Class in Recent Years,” Gallup, April 28, 2015, www.gallup.com/poll/182918/fewer-americans-identify-middle-class-recent-years.aspx; Shawn Fremstad, “America’s Invisible—and Very Diverse—Working Class,” CEPR Blog, February 21, 2014, www.cepr.net/blogs/cepr-blog/americas-invisibleand-very-diverseworking-class; Amy Chozick, “Middle Class Is Disappearing, at Least from Vocabulary of Possible 2016 Contenders,” New York Times, May 11, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/05/12/us/politics/as-middle-class-fades-so-does-use-of-term-on-campaign-trail.html.
23. Cherlin, Labor’s Love Lost, loc. 339, 2677; Catherine Rampell, “Majority of New Jobs Pay Low Wages, Study Finds,” New York Times, August 30, 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/08/31/business/majority-of-new-jobs-pay-low-wages-study-finds.html; Federal Reserve Board, “Household Debt Service and Financial Obligations Ratios,” updated December 28, 2015, www.federalreserve.gov/releases/housedebt.
24. “‘If You Owe the Bank $1 Trillion, You Own the Bank,’ Say Student Debtors Who Are Fighting Back,” PRI, The Takeaway, February 26, 2015, www.pri.org/stories/2015–02–26/if-you-owe-bank-1-trillion-you-own-bank-say-student-debtors-who-are-fighting-back.
25. Charles Postel, The Populist Vision (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 16.
26. Heidi Shierholz, Alyssa Davis, and Will Kimball, “The Class of 2014,” Economic Policy Institute, May 1, 2014, www.epi.org/publication/class-of-2014; Kathryn Anne Edwards and Alexander Hertel-Fernandez, “The Kids Aren’t Alright—A Labor Market Analysis of Young Workers,” Economic Policy Institute, April 7, 2010, www.epi.org/publication/bp258; “Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey,” US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, November 6, 2015, http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000; “Employment and Unemployment Among Youth—Summer 2015,” US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, August 18, 2015, www.bls.gov/news.release/youth.nr0.htm.
27. Will Stone, “A ‘Lost Generation of Workers’: The Cost of Youth Unemployment,” National Public Radio, July 2, 2014, www.npr.org/2014/07/02/327058018/a-lost-generation-of-workers-the-cost-of-youth-unemployment; Jordan Weissman, “44% of Young College Grads Are Underemployed (and That’s Good News),” The Atlantic, June 28, 2013, www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/06/44-of-young-college-grads-are-underemployed-and-thats-good-news/277325; Lawrence Mishel, Elise Gould, and Josh Bivens, “Wage Stagnation in Nine Charts,” Economic Policy Institute, January 6, 2015, www.epi.org/publication/charting-wage-stagnation.
28. Sarah Jaffe, “The Next Bubble Is About to Burst: College Grads Face Dwindling Jobs and Mounting Loans,” AlterNet, May 31, 2011, www.alternet.org/story/151149/the_next_bubble_is_about_to_burst:_college_grads_face_dwindling_jobs_and_mounting_loans; Sarah Jaffe, “Is the Near-Trillion-Dollar Student Loan Bubble About to Pop?” AlterNet, September 21, 2011, www.alternet.org/story/152477/is_the_near-trillion-dollar_student_loan_bubble_about_to_pop; Robert Hiltonsmith and Tamara Draut, “The Great Cost Shift Continues: State Higher Education Funding After the Recession,” Demos, March 21, 2014, www.demos.org/publication/great-cost-shift-continues-state-higher-education-funding-after-recession.
29. Daniel Indiviglio, “Chart of the Day: Student Loans Have Grown 511% Since 1999,” The Atlantic, August 18, 2011, www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/08/chart-of-the-day-student-loans-have-grown-511-since-1999/243821.
30. Sarah Jaffe, “Wall Street–Inflated Student Debt Bubble Hits $1 Trillion, Debtors Rally for Relief,” AlterNet, April 24, 2012, www.alternet.org/story/155133/wall_street-inflated_student_debt_bubble_hits_$1_trillion;_debtors_rally_for_relief.
31. Paul Mason, Why It’s Kicking Off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions (New York: Verso, 2012), 67; Sallie Mae Posts 1Q Profit of $47.7 Million, Result Tops Expectations,” Associated Press, April 22, 2015, www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2015/04/22/sallie-mae-posts-1q-profit-477-million-result-tops-expectations; Shahien Nasiripour, “Student Loan Borrowers’ Costs to Jump as Education Department Reaps Huge Profit,” Huffington Post, April 14, 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/14/student-loan-profits_n_5149653.html.
32. Jeffrey Sparshott, “Congratulations, Class of 2015, You’re the Most Indebted Ever (For Now),” Wall Street Journal, May 8, 2015, http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2015/05/08/congratulations-class-of-2015-youre-the-most-indebted-ever-for-now; Allie Bidwell, “Average Student Loan Debt Approaches $30,000,” U.S. News and World Report, November 13, 2014, www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/11/13/average-student-loan-debt-hits-30–000; Robert Hiltonsmith, “At What Cost: How Student Debt Reduces Lifetime Wealth,” Demos, August 2013, www.demos.org/what-cost-how-student-debt-reduces-lifetime-wealth; Ross, Creditocracy, 149.
33. “Sallie Mae Is Changing,” Sallie Mae home page, https://www.salliemae.com/about/who-we-are/future.
34. Ross, Creditocracy, 117; Jaffe, “Wall Street–Inflated Student Debt Bubble.”
35. Mike Konczal, “Student Loans, Social Security, and Debts You Carry for Life,” Rortybomb, October 26, 2011, https://rortybomb.wordpress.com/2011/10/26/student-loans-social-security-and-debts-you-carry-for-life; Mike Konczal, “Two Points on Reducing Student Loan Interest Rates, Featuring: Recoveries, Algebra, Arguments,” February 24, 2012, https://rortybomb.wordpress.com/2012/02/24/two-points-on-reducing-student-loan-interest-rates-featuring-recoveries-algebra-arguments; Rachel Rose Hartman, “Who Makes Money Off Your Student Loans? You Might Be Surprised,” Yahoo News, May 23, 2013, http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/lookout/makes-money-off-student-loans-might-surprised-093332073.html.
36. Jake New, “Not Worth It?” Inside Higher Ed, September 29, 2015, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/09/29/half-college-graduates-say-college-worth-cost-survey-finds.
37. Mason, Why It’s Kicking Off Everywhere, 69.
38. Ross, Creditocracy, 119–122.
39. Kirk Carapezza and Mikaela Johnson, “For-Profit Colleges Continue to Cash In on Federal Dollars,” WGBH, July 30, 2014, http://blogs.wgbh.org/on-campus/2014/7/30/corinthian-students-face-shutdown-consequences; Suevon Lee, “The For-Profit Higher Education Industry, By the Numbers,” ProPublica, August 9, 2012, www.propublica.org/article/the-for-profit-higher-education-industry-by-the-numbers.
40. Jaffe, “Near-Trillion-Dollar Student Loan Bubble.”
41. Jessica Glenza, “The Rise and Fall of Corinthian Colleges and the Wake of Debt It Left Behind,” The Guardian, July 28, 2014, www.theguardian.com/education/2014/jul/28/corinthian-colleges-for-profit-education-debt-investigation; Sarah Jaffe, “‘We Won’t Pay’: Students in Debt Take on For-Profit College Institution,” The Guardian, February 23, 2015, www.theguardian.com/education/2015/feb/23/student-debt-for-profit-colleges.
42. Laura Mandaro, “Corinthian Colleges Shuts Remaining 28 Campuses,” USA Today, April 27, 2015, www.usatoday.com/story/money/2015/04/27/corinthiancolleges/26437615.
CHAPTER 3: WALMART, WALMART, YOU CAN’T HIDE, WE CAN SEE YOUR GREEDY SIDE
1. Steven Greenhouse, “On Black Friday, Walmart Is Pressed for Wage Increases,” New York Times, November 28, 2014, www.nytimes.com/2014/11/29/business/on-black-friday-protesters-demand-wage-increases-and-schedule-changes-from-walmart.html; Josh Eidelson, “Exclusive: Wal-Mart Manager Speaks Out About His Store’s Ugly Reality,” Salon, March 25, 2014, www.salon.com/2014/03/25/exclusive_wal_mart_manager_speaks_out_about_what_we%E2%80%99re_going_through.
2. “Occupations Projected to Add Most New Jobs,” US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 27, 2014, www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2014/ted_20140127.htm; Ruth Milkman, Farewell to the Factory: Auto Workers in the Late Twentieth Century (Oakland: University of California Press, 1997), 189.
3. “The Low-Wage Recovery and Growing Inequality,” National Employment Law Project Fact Sheet, August 2012, https://www.nelp.org/content/uploads/2015/03/LowWageRecovery2012.pdf.
4. Sarah Jaffe, “Forever Temp?” In These Times, January 6, 2014, http://inthesetimes.com/article/15972/permatemps_in_manufacturing; Bethany Moreton and Pamela Voeckel, “Learning from the Right: A New Operation Dixie?” in Labor Rising: The Past and Future of Working People in America, ed. Daniel Katz and Richard A. Greenwald (New York: New Press, 2012), 28–29.
5. Erin Hatton, The Temp Economy: From Kelly Girls to Permatemps in Postwar America (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2011); Liza Featherstone, Selling Women Short: The Landmark Battle for Women’s Rights at Walmart (New York: Basic Books, 2009), Kindle edition, loc. 237, 1441, 1556, 1575, 1648.
6. Bethany Moreton, To Serve God and Wal-Mart: The Making of Christian Free Enterprise (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), 61.
7. Nelson Lichtenstein, The Retail Revolution: How Wal-Mart Created a Brave New World of Business (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2009), Kindle edition, loc. 1813.
8. Catherine Ruetschlin, “Retail’s Hidden Potential: How Raising Wages Would Benefit Workers, the Industry, and the Overall Economy,” Demos, November 19, 2012, www.demos.org/publication/retails-hidden-potential-how-raising-wages-would-benefit-workers-industry-and-overall-ec#liftfamilies.
9. Esther Kaplan, “The Spy Who Fired Me,” Harper’s, March 2015, http://harpers.org/archive/2015/03/the-spy-who-fired-me.
10. Jodi Kantor, “Starbucks to Revise Policies to End Irregular Schedules for Its 130,000 Baristas,” New York Times, August 14, 2014, www.nytimes.com/2014/08/15/us/starbucks-to-revise-work-scheduling-policies.html.
11. Stephanie Luce and Naoki Fujita, “Discounted Jobs: How Retailers Sell Workers Short,” Retail Action Project and Murphy Institute, 2012, http://retailactionproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/7–75_RAP+cover_lowres.pdf; Claire McKenna, “Data Points: A Look at Involuntary Part-Time Work in Retail,” Raise the Minimum Wage at National Employment Law Project, March 3, 2015, www.raisetheminimumwage.com/blog/entry/a-look-at-involuntary-part-time-work-in-retail.
12. Sarah Jaffe, “The Bad Boss Tax,” In These Times, July 21, 2014, http://inthesetimes.com/article/16949/the_bad_boss_tax.
13. Ibid.; Featherstone, Selling Women Short, loc. 1832.
14. Bethany Moreton, “On Her Book, To Serve God and Wal-Mart: The Making of Christian Free Enterprise,” Rorotoko, November 4, 2009, http://rorotoko.com/interview/20091104_moreton_bethany_serve_god_wal-mart_christian_free_enterprise.
15. Darren Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism (New York: W. W. Norton, 2012).
16. Ibid., loc. 104, 149, 187; Moreton, To Serve God and Wal-Mart, 50–110.
17. Moreton, To Serve God and Wal-Mart, 55, 78, 89, 253.
18. Lichtenstein, The Retail Revolution, loc. 182, 795, 804–818, 902.
19. Ibid., loc. 228, 894.
20. Steven Greenhouse, “As Firms Line Up on Factories, Wal-Mart Plans Solo Effort,” New York Times, May 14, 2013, www.nytimes.com/2013/05/15/business/six-retailers-join-bangladesh-factory-pact.html; Lichtenstein, The Retail Revolution, loc. 2389, 2320; Susan Berfield, “How Walmart Keeps an Eye on Its Massive Workforce,” Bloomberg Businessweek, November 24, 2015, www.bloomberg.com/features/2015-walmart-union-surveillance.
21. Zachary R. Mider, “How Wal-Mart’s Waltons Maintain Their Billionaire Fortune: Taxes,” Bloomberg, September 12, 2013, www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013–09–12/how-wal-mart-s-waltons-maintain-their-billionaire-fortune-taxes; Tom Kertscher, “Just How Wealthy Is the Wal-Mart Walton Family?” Politifact, December 8, 2013, www.politifact.com/wisconsin/statements/2013/dec/08/one-wisconsin-now/just-how-wealthy-wal-mart-walton-family; “Workers Gain Voice by Becoming Shareholders,” Dallas Morning News, June 15, 2014, www.dallasnews.com/business/business-headlines/20140615-want-to-boss-your-boss.ece.
22. Lichtenstein, The Retail Revolution, loc. 1632–1671; Moreton, To Serve God and Wal-Mart, 176–211.
23. Featherstone, Selling Women Short, loc. 420–432.
24. Wal-Mart Stores, “Wal-Mart CEO Credits Consumers’ ‘Negotiating Power’ in Creating Savings That Are Improving Lives,” PR Newswire, February 23, 2005, www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/wal-mart-ceo-credits-consumers-negotiating-power-in-creating-savings-that-are-improving-lives-54133567.html.
25. Michael Kazin, The Populist Persuasion: An American History (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 145; Featherstone, Selling Women Short, loc. 2898–2913.
26. Featherstone, Selling Women Short.
27. Liza Featherstone, “‘Dukes v. Wal-Mart’ and the Limits of Legal Change,” The Nation, June 21, 2011, www.thenation.com/article/161571/dukes-v-wal-mart-and-limits-legal-change.
28. Ashley Feinberg, “Walmart’s Leaked Anti-Union Training Video: This Isn’t About You,” Gawker, May 19, 2015, http://gawker.com/walmarts-leaked-anti-union-training-video-this-isnt-ab-1705509442.
29. Al Norman, “Wal-Mart’s ‘Meat Wars’ with Union Sizzles On,” Huffington Post, March 16, 2008, www.huffingtonpost.com/al-norman/walmarts-meat-wars-with-u_b_91757.html.
30. Stephanie Marin, “Supreme Court of Canada: Wal-Mart Must Pay for Closing Unionized Store,” Huffington Post, June 27, 2014, www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/06/27/walmart-canada-supreme-court_n_5537051.html.
31. The C. J.’s Seafood case was covered widely in the news. See, for example, Steven Greenhouse, “Wal-Mart Suspends Supplier of Seafood,” New York Times, June 29, 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/07/09/opinion/forced-labor-on-american-shores.html; “Forced Labor on American Shores,” New York Times, July 8, 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/07/09/opinion/forced-labor-on-american-shores.html; Steven Greenhouse, “C. J.’s Seafood Fined for Labor Abuses,” New York Times, July 24, 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/07/25/business/cjs-seafood-fined-for-labor-abuses.html; Josh Eidelson, “Guest Workers as Bellwether,” Dissent, Spring 2013, www.dissentmagazine.org/article/guest-workers-as-bellwether.
32. Alexandra Bradbury, “Walmart Warehouse Strikers Return to Work with Full Back Pay,” Labor Notes, October 9, 2012, www.labornotes.org/2012/10/walmart-warehouse-strikers-return-work-full-back-pay.
33. Bill Fletcher Jr., “Organized Labor: Declining Source of Hope?” in Labor Rising, 192–198.
34. Sarah Jaffe, “Wal-Mart Faces a New Round of Historic Strikes . . . But Why Now?” Religion Dispatches, December 4, 2012, http://religiondispatches.org/wal-mart-faces-a-new-round-of-historic-strikes-but-why-now.
35. Sarah Jaffe, “How Walmart Organizers Turned the Internet into a Shop Floor,” In These Times, January 16, 2014, http://inthesetimes.com/article/16116/how_walmart_organizers_turned_the_internet_into_a_shop_floor.
36. David Moberg, “The Union Behind the Biggest Campaign Against Walmart in History May Be Throwing in the Towel. Why?” In These Times, August 11, 2015, http://inthesetimes.com/article/18271/which-way-our-walmart.
37. Shan Li, “Wal-Mart Wrongly Fired Workers for Striking and Must Rehire Them, Labor Board Rules,” Los Angeles Times, January 22, 2016, www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-walmart-labor-ruling-20160121-story.html.
38. “The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act” Fact Sheet, US Department of Labor, available at www.doleta.gov/programs/factsht/warn.htm; “Walmart Announces 2015 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting Voting Results,” Walmart Press Release, available at http://news.walmart.com/news-archive/2015/06/05/walmart-announces-2015-annual-shareholders-meeting-voting-results.
39. Wayne F. Cascio, “The High Cost of Low Wages,” Harvard Business Review, December 2006, https://hbr.org/2006/12/the-high-cost-of-low-wages; James Heskett, “Is Walmart Defying Economic Gravity?” Forbes, December 5, 2013, www.forbes.com/sites/hbsworkingknowledge/2013/12/05/is-walmart-defying-economic-gravity.
CHAPTER 4: CHALLENGING THE AUSTERITARIANS
1. Jason Stein, Patrick Marley, and Lee Bergquist, “Walker’s Budget Cuts Would Touch Most Wisconsinites,” Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel, March 1, 2011, www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/117154428.html.
2. Ryan Grim, “Why the Stimulus Is Too Small,” Huffington Post, March 11, 2009, www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/02/09/is-stimulus-too-small_n_165076.html; Paul Krugman, “How Did We Know the Stimulus Was Too Small?” New York Times, July 28, 2010, http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/28/how-did-we-know-the-stimulus-was-too-small.
3. Theda Skocpol and Vanessa Williamson, The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism (London: Oxford University Press, 2012), Kindle edition, loc. 1196, 1201, 1221–1248.
4. John Nichols, “Eric Cantor Defeated by a Conservative Who Rips Crony Capitalism,” The Nation, June 11, 2014, www.thenation.com/article/eric-cantor-defeated-conservative-who-rips-crony-capitalism.
5. Matt Taibbi, The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealth Gap (New York: Spiegel and Grau, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 5398.
6. Walter Dean Burnham and Thomas Ferguson, “Americans Are Sick to Death of Both Parties: Why Our Politics Is in Worse Shape Than We Thought,” Alter-Net, December 18, 2014, www.alternet.org/americans-are-sick-death-both-parties-why-our-politics-worse-shape-we-thought.
7. Dana Goldstein, The Teacher Wars: A History of America’s Most Embattled Profession (New York: Anchor, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 1265, 1303–1406, 1580.
8. “AFSCME: 75 Years of History,” AFSCME, www.afscme.org/union/history/afscme-75-years-of-history; William P. Jones, interview with author, September 17, 2015.
9. William P. Jones, interview.
10. Jefferson Cowie, Stayin’ Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (New York: New Press, 2010), Kindle edition, loc. 1204–1238; William P. Jones, “Gutting Public Unions,” Dissent, Fall 2015, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/daniel-disalvo-government-against-itself-review; Goldstein, The Teacher Wars, loc. 2461.
11. Cowie, Stayin’ Alive, loc. 7062–7084; Joan Walsh, What’s the Matter with White People?: Why We Long for a Golden Age That Never Was (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2012), 127–128; Sarah Jaffe, “Timothy Noah: Why the Rich Are Getting Richer and the Middle Class Is Disappearing,” AlterNet, August 1, 2012, www.alternet.org/books/timothy-noah-why-rich-are-getting-richer-and-middle-class-disappearing.
12. Matt Stoller, “The Liquidation of Society vs. the Global Labor Revival,” Naked Capitalism, February 24, 2011, www.nakedcapitalism.com/2011/02/matt-stoller-the-liquidation-of-society-versus-the-global-labor-revival.html; Timothy Noah, The Great Divergence: America’s Growing Inequality Crisis and What We Can Do About It (New York: Bloomsbury, 2012), 128; US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Union Members—2014,” www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm; Jones, “Gutting Public Unions.”
13. Jones, “Gutting Public Unions.”
14. Michael Kazin, The Populist Persuasion: An American History (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 137.
15. John Nichols, Uprising: How Wisconsin Renewed the Politics of Protest, from Madison to Wall Street (New York: Nation Books, 2012), 129–131.
16. Goldstein, Teacher Wars, loc. 402–463; Megan Erickson, Class War: The Privatization of Childhood (New York: Verso, 2015).
17. Stoller, “The Liquidation of Society.”
18. Whet Moser, “Chicagoland Schools: For Blacks, the Most Segregated in the Country,” Chicago, September 20, 2012, www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/The-312/September-2012/Chicagoland-Schools-For-Blacks-the-Most-Segregated-in-the-Country; Jesse Sharkey, “Arne Duncan’s Privatization Agenda,” Counter-Punch, December 18, 2008, www.counterpunch.org/2008/12/18/arne-duncan-s-privatization-agenda.
19. Tony Arnold, “Why Don’t Most Illinois Teachers Receive Social Security?” WBEZ, November 21, 2012, www.wbez.org/series/curious-city/why-don%E2%80%99t-most-illinois-teachers-receive-social-security-103958.
20. “The Schools Chicago’s Students Deserve,” Chicago Teachers Union, 2012, www.ctunet.com/quest-center/research/the-schools-chicagos-students-deserve.
21. Micah Uetricht, “Strikebot Joins Striking Lane Tech Teachers on the Picket Line,” YouTube, uploaded September 14, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbzNJFsKECM.
22. Micah Uetricht, Strike for America: Chicago Teachers Against Austerity (New York: Verso, 2014), 66–68.
23. Melissa Harris, “Penny Pritzker Resigns from the School Board,” Chicago Tribune, March 14, 2013, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013–03–14/business/chi-penny-pritzker-resigns-from-the-school-board-20130314_1_penny-pritzker-three-sentence-resignation-letter-school-board.
24. Micah Uetricht, “SEIU State Council Reverses Course, Endorses Jesus ‘Chuy’ Garcia’s Run Against Rahm Emanuel,” In These Times, March 14, 2015, http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/17747/seiu_state_council_reverses_course_endorses_jesus_chuy_garcias_run_against.
25. Jitu Brown and Bob Simpson, “The Fight for Dyett Will Go On,” Socialist Worker, September 22, 2015, http://socialistworker.org/2015/09/22/the-fight-for-dyett-will-go-on.
26. Bill Ruthhart and Juan Perez Jr., “Teachers Union Has Triple the Public Support of Emanuel,” Chicago Tribune, February 4, 2016, www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-rahm-emanuel-schools-poll-met-20160203-story.html; Sarah Jaffe, “Impending Chicago Teachers’ Strike Adds Power to Nationwide Movements Against Inequality and Racism,” Truthout, December 18, 2015, www.truth-out.org/news/item/34092-impending-teachers-strike-in-chicago-adds-power-to-nationwide-debates-on-inequality-and-racism.
27. Interview with Kenzo Shibata, May 5, 2016; Rebecca Burns and David Moberg, “Despite School District’s Legal Threats, Chicago Teachers Stage One-Day Political Strike,” In These Times, April 2, 2016, http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/9013/despite_school_distrcits_legal_threats_Chicago_teachers_stage_one_day-polit.
CHAPTER 5: RACE TO THE BOTTOM
1. Paul Kane, “‘Tea Party’ Protesters Accused of Spitting on Lawmaker, Using Slurs,” Washington Post, March 20, 2010, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/20/AR2010032002556.html.
2. White Power USA, directed by Richard Rowley and Jacquie Soohen, 2010, Big Noise Films, www.bignoisefilms.com/videowire/38-latest/106-white.
3. Ibid.
4. Arian Campo-Flores, “Are Tea Partiers Racist?” Newsweek, April 25, 2010, www.newsweek.com/are-tea-partiers-racist-70695; Theda Skocpol and Vanessa Williamson, The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism (London: Oxford University Press, 2012), Kindle edition, loc. 1368.
5. Nathalie Baptiste, “Them That’s Got Shall Get,” American Prospect, October 13, 2014, http://prospect.org/article/staggering-loss-black-wealth-due-subprime-scandal-continues-unabated.
6. Elizabeth Weill-Greenberg, “From Troy Davis to Occupy Wall Street: How the Prison System Destroys the American Dream,” Alternet, October 3, 2011, www.alternet.org/story/152607/from_troy_davis_to_occupy_wall_street%3A_how_the_prison_system_destroys_the_american_dream; Ryan Devereaux, “Troy Davis Protesters Occupy Wall Street,” New America Media, September 24, 2011, http://newamericamedia.org/2011/09/troy-davis-protesters-occupy-wall-street.php; Editors, “The Killing of Troy Davis,” The Nation, September 21, 2011, www.thenation.com/article/killing-troy-davis.
7. Kimberlé Crenshaw, “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics,” University of Chicago Legal Forum 140 (1989): 139–167.
8. Hena Ashraf, “Brown Power at Occupy Wall Street!” Racialicious, October 3, 2011, www.racialicious.com/2011/10/03/brown-power-at-occupy-wall-street-92911; Manissa McCleave Maharawal, “What Makes Occupy Different: Inclusion,” The Guardian, November 15, 2011, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/nov/15/occupy-wall-street-occupy-movement.
9. Joan Walsh, “The Man Who Blocked John Lewis Speaks,” Salon, October 13, 2011, www.salon.com/2011/10/13/the_man_who_blocked_john_lewis_speaks.
10. Kristen Gwynne, “Is NYPD Running Wild? Patterns of Brutality Raise Questions About Mayor’s Control of Police,” Alternet, February 15, 2012, www.alternet.org/story/154161/is_nypd_running_wild_patterns_of_brutality_raise_questions_about_mayor’s_control_of_police; Daniel Beekman, “500 Protest Cop Shooting of Ramarley Graham,” New York Daily News, February 8, 2012, www.nydailynews.com/news/500-protest-shooting-ramarley-graham-article-1.1018297.
11. Edgar Sandoval and Helen Kennedy, “‘Million Hoodie’ March Takes Union Square in Protest of Trayvon Martin’s Fatal Shooting,” New York Daily News, March 21, 2012, www.nydailynews.com/new-york/million-hoodie-march-takes-union-square-protest-trayvon-martin-murder-article-1.1048522; Terrell Jermaine Starr, “‘Million Hoody March’ Organizer Says Trayvon’s Murder ‘Very Personal,’” Newsone, March 21, 2012; “Trayvon Martin Shooting Sparks Hoodie Movement,” CBS News, www.cbsnews.com/pictures/trayvon-martin-shooting-sparks-hoodie-movement; “Celebrities Wear Hoodies in Support of Trayvon Martin,” BET, www.bet.comcelebrities/photos/2012/03/celebrities-wear-hoodies-in-support-of-trayvon-martin.html?ftcnt=HP_Celebrities#!032612-celebs-wear-hoodies-trayvon-nelly.
12. Terry Greene Sterling, “The Minuteman Vigilante’s Arizona Murder Trial,” Daily Beast, January 26, 2011, www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/01/26/minuteman-vigilantes-arizona-murder-trial-brisenia-flores-mother-testifies.html; US Department of Homeland Security, “Rightwing Extremism: Current Economic and Political Climate Fueling Resurgence in Radicalization and Recruitment,” April 7, 2009, available at http://fas.org/irp/eprint/rightwing.pdf.
13. Andrea Kelly and Rhonda Bodfield, “Her Plot Will Unfold at Council Meetings,” Arizona Daily Star, June 9, 2010, http://tucson.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/article_349e18b8-ec64–5fd7-b347-afe7f1778a47.html; Adrian Chen, “Shot Congresswoman Was in Sarah Palin’s ‘Crosshairs,’” Gawker, January 8, 2011, http://gawker.com/5728545/shot-congresswoman-was-in-sarah-palins-crosshairs; Jeremy Diamond, “Trump Rally Attendee Charged with Assault,” CNN, March 11, 2016, www.cnn.com/2016/03/10/politics/donald-trump-protestor-punch-face; Russ Choma, “A Journalist Was Just Manhandled and Detained at a Trump Rally,” Mother Jones, February 29, 2016, www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/02/journalist-manhandled-and-arrested-trump-rally; Colin Dwyer, “Donald Trump: ‘I Could . . . Shoot Somebody, and I Wouldn’t Lose Any Voters,’” National Public Radio, January 25, 2016, www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/23/464129029/donald-trump-i-could-shoot-somebody-and-i-wouldnt-lose-any-voters; Mary M. Chapman and Julie Bosman, “Detroit-Area Man Convicted of Murdering Teenager on His Porch,” New York Times, August 7, 2014, www.nytimes.com/2014/08/08/us/detroit-area-man-convicted-of-murdering-woman-who-knocked-on-his-door.html.
14. Southern Poverty Law Center, “Gordon Baum,” www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/profiles/gordon-baum; Rowley and Soohen, White Power USA.
15. Charles Payne is quoted in Charles E. Cobb Jr., This Nonviolent Stuff’ll Get You Killed (New York: Basic Books, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 2518.
16. Laura Flanders, Rick Rowley, Chip Berlet, and J. D. Meadows, “White Power USA,” in At the Tea Party, ed. Laura Flanders (New York: OR Books, 2010), 96–105.
17. Karen E. Fields and Barbara J. Fields, Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life (New York: Verso, 2014), Kindle edition.
18. W. E. B. Du Bois, “The Superior Race (An Essay),” first published in The Smart Set: A Magazine of Cleverness, 1923, available at www.webdubois.org/dbSuperiorRace.html.
19. Fields and Fields, Racecraft, loc. 584; Dan Cantor, “The Civil Rights Movement Is Now,” Working Families, n.d., http://workingfamilies.org/2015/07/the-civil-rights-movement-is-now.
20. David A. Graham, “The White Supremacist Group That Inspired a Racist Manifesto,” The Atlantic, June 22, 2015, www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/06/council-of-conservative-citizens-dylann-roof/396467.
21. Jon Swaine, “Leader of Group Cited in ‘Dylann Roof Manifesto’ Donated to Top Republicans,” The Guardian, June 22, 2015, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/21/dylann-roof-manifesto-charlston-shootings-republicans; Story of America, “Confederate Flag Honors My Ancestors—It Hurts My Feelings That People Are Against It,” YouTube, posted by “StoryofAmerica,” July 2, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nd4q6vGKJYw.
22. “South Carolina: Blacks and Traitors Attack Pro-Confederate Flag Protest,” Occidental Dissent, June 30, 2015, www.occidentaldissent.com/2015/06/30/south-carolina-blacks-and-traitors-attack-pro-confederate-flag-protest; Brian Pace, “Your Opinion: Keep the Mississippi Flag for Our State’s Traditions,” Daily Journal, September 4, 2015, http://djournal.com/opinion/your-opinion-keep-the-mississippi-flag-for-our-states-traditions; Bruce Shapiro, “Don’t Tell the Student Protesters at Yale to Grow Up,” The Nation, November 13, 2015, www.thenation.com/article/dont-tell-the-student-protestors-at-yale-to-grow-up.
23. Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 2703–2705.
24. Edward E. Baptist, The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (New York: Basic Books, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 5304, 7415.
25. Naomi Murakawa, The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 161; Andrew Cherlin, Labor’s Love Lost: The Rise and Fall of the Working-Class Family in America (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 1206.
26. Angela Y. Davis, “From the Prison of Slavery to the Slavery of Prison: Frederick Douglass and the Convict Lease System,” in The Angela Y. Davis Reader, ed. Joy James (Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell, 1998), 76.
27. Sheila Bapat, Part of the Family? (New York: IG Publishing, 2014).
28. Judith Stepan-Norris and Maurice Zeitlin, Left Out: Reds and America’s Industrial Unions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002), Kindle edition, loc. 2607, 2776; Mark Ames, “You Hate ‘Right to Work’ Laws More Than You Know: Here’s Why,” NSFWCorp, December 12, 2012, https://www.nsfwcorp.com/dispatch/right-to-work.
29. Stepan-Norris and Zeitlin, Left Out, loc. 2915.
30. Justin Wm. Moyer, “Why South Carolina’s Confederate Flag Isn’t at Half-Staff After Church Shooting,” Washington Post, June 19, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/06/19/why-south-carolinas-confederate-flag-isnt-at-half-mast-after-church-shooting.
31. Jefferson Cowie, Stayin’ Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (New York: New Press, 2010), Kindle edition, loc. 4728. I have written several articles on the port trucking industry, deregulation, and labor. See Sarah Jaffe, “New Report: Port Trucking Companies Steal More Than $1 Billion in Wages from Drivers,” In These Times, February 19, 2014, http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/16312/new_report_ports_steal_billions_from_truckers_through_misclassification.
32. Cowie, Stayin’ Alive, loc. 5278.
33. This statement of Atwater’s has been quoted in many places; I sourced it from Bob Herbert, “Impossible, Ridiculous, Repugnant,” New York Times, October 6, 2005, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E6DF1E30F935A35753C1A9639C8B63.
34. Paul Taylor et al., “Wealth Gaps Rise to Record Highs Between Whites, Blacks and Hispanics,” Pew Research Center, July 26, 2011, www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2011/07/SDT-Wealth-Report_7–26–11_FINAL.pdf; Michael Fletcher, “Study Ties Black-White Wealth Gap to Stubborn Disparities in Real Estate,” Washington Post, February 26, 2013, www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/study-ties-black-white-wealth-gap-to-stubborn-disparities-in-real-estate/2013/02/26/8b4b3f50–8035–11e2-b99e-6baf4ebe42df_story.html.
35. Ta-Nehisi Coates, “The Case for Reparations,” The Atlantic, June 2014, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631.
36. Fields and Fields, Racecraft, loc. 5015; Emily Badger, “Redlining: Still a Thing,” Washington Post, May 28, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2015/05/28/evidence-that-banks-still-deny-black-borrowers-just-as-they-did-50-years-ago; Robert Gordon, “Did Liberals Cause the Sub-Prime Crisis?” American Prospect, April 7, 2008, http://prospect.org/article/did-liberals-cause-sub-prime-crisis.
37. Taylor et al., “Wealth Gaps”; Kai Wright, “The Subprime Swindle,” in Meltdown: How Greed and Corruption Shattered Our Financial System and How We Can Recover, ed. Katrina vanden Heuvel (New York: Nation Books, 2009), 140; GRITtv (The Laura Flanders Show), “Kai Wright: Myth of Black Middle Class,” YouTube, uploaded August 16, 2010, www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDK8536qOJk.
38. Fields and Fields, Racecraft, loc. 5015; Laura Shin, “The Racial Wealth Gap: Why a Typical White Household Has 16 Times the Wealth of a Black One,” Forbes, March 26, 2015, www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2015/03/26/the-racial-wealth-gap-why-a-typical-white-household-has-16-times-the-wealth-of-a-black-one; US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs, “Justice Department Reaches Settlement with Wells Fargo Resulting in $175 Million in Relief for Homeowners to Resolve Fair Lending Claims,” July 12, 2012, www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-reaches-settlement-wells-fargo-resulting-more-175-million-relief.
39. Wright, “Subprime Swindle,” 137; Bobbi Murray, “Hunting the Predators,” in Meltdown, ed. vanden Heuvel, 44; Taylor et al., “Wealth Gaps”; Fletcher, “Black-White Wealth Gap.”
40. Sylvia Allegretto and Steven Pitts, “The Great Recession, Jobless Recoveries and Black Workers,” University of California at Berkeley, Center for Labor Research and Education, n.d., http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/pdf/2010/the-great-recession.pdf; Christian E. Weller and Jaryn Fields, “The Black and White Labor Gap in America: Why African Americans Struggle to Find Jobs and Remain Employed Compared to Whites,” Center for American Progress, July 25, 2011, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/labor/report/2011/07/25/9992/the-black-and-white-labor-gap-in-america; Eileen Patten and Jens Manuel Krogstad, “Black Child Poverty Rate Holds Steady, Even as Other Groups See Declines,” Pew Research Center, July 14, 2015, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/14/black-child-poverty-rate-holds-steady-even-as-other-groups-see-declines.
41. Leon Neyfakh, “Freddie Gray’s Broken Neighborhood,” Slate, April 27, 2015, www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/04/freddie_gray_death_a_closer_look_at_the_tragically_impoverished_and_violent.html; Justin Fenton, “Autopsy of Freddie Gray Shows ‘High Energy’ Impact,” Baltimore Sun, June 24, 2015, www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/freddie-gray/bs-md-ci-freddie-gray-autopsy-20150623-story.html; Matt Taibbi, The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealth Gap (New York: Spiegel and Grau, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 1901.
42. Gordon, “Did Liberals Cause the Sub-Prime Crisis?”
43. A good example from George W. Bush’s presidency is “Fact Sheet: America’s Ownership Society: Expanding Opportunities,” http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/08/20040809–9.html.
44. Philip Mirowski, Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste: How Neoliberalism Survived the Financial Meltdown (New York: Verso, 2014), 130.
45. Aidan Gardiner and Paul Lomas, “Silent March to Protest Stop-and-Frisks Takes over Upper East Side,” DNAinfo, June 17, 2012, www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20120617/upper-east-side/silent-march-protest-stop-and-frisks-takes-over-upper-east-side; John Leland and Colin Moynihan, “Thousands March Silently to Protest Stop-and-Frisk Policies,” New York Times, June 17, 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/06/18/nyregion/thousands-march-silently-to-protest-stop-and-frisk-policies.html.
46. On Governor Scott’s Confederate-flag boots, see Raillan Brooks, “Did You Know Protesters Have Been Occupying the Florida State Capitol for a Week? Yeah, Thought So,” Village Voice, July 22, 2013, www.villagevoice.com/news/did-you-know-protesters-have-been-occupying-the-florida-state-capitol-for-a-week-yeah-thought-so-6713056. Governor Scott Tweeted a photo of his boots, and then deleted it a year later. It was archived by Politwoops, however, and is available at http://politwoops.sunlightfoundation.com/tweet/326790307524005888; Anthony Man, “Gov. Rick Scott Talks About Texting, Stand Your Ground and His Latest Boots,” Sun-Sentinel, May 1, 2012, http://weblogs.sun-sentinel.com/news/politics/broward/blog/2012/05/gov_rick_scott_talks_about_tex_1.html.
47. BYP 100, “Agenda to Build Black Futures,” http://agendatobuildblackfutures.org/our-agenda/solutions/#1.
48. Editorial Board, “Editorial: Rekia Boyd Shooting Was ‘Beyond Reckless,’ So Cop Got a Pass,” Chicago Tribune, April 22, 2015, www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/editorials/ct-cop-verdict-servin-edit-0423–20150422-story.html; James C. McKinley Jr., “Manslaughter Charges in Beating Death of Transgender Woman in 2013,” New York Times, March 3, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/03/04/nyregion/manslaughter-charges-in-beating-death-of-transgender-woman-in-2013.html.
49. Goldie Taylor, “Exclusive: Bree Newsome Speaks for the First Time After Courageous Act of Civil Disobedience,” Blue Nation Review, June 29, 2015, http://bluenationreview.com/exclusive-bree-newsome-speaks-for-the-first-time-after-courageous-act-of-civil-disobedience.
CHAPTER 6: A MORAL MOVEMENT
1. Lynn Parramore, “A Holy War over Gay Marriage,” Salon, April 28, 2012, www.salon.com/2012/04/28/a_holy_war_over_gay_marriage.
2. Christopher Ingraham, “America’s Most Gerrymandered Congressional Districts,” Washington Post, May 15, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/05/15/americas-most-gerrymandered-congressional-districts.
3. Alex Kotch, “Inside Moral Mondays,” Brooklyn Rail, October 3, 2013, http://www.brooklynrail.org/2013/10/express/inside-moral-mondays.
4. Will Huntsberry, “Crowd Size and Arrest Totals Increase at Latest Moral Monday Protest,” Indyweek, May 22, 2013, www.indyweek.com/indyweek/crowd-size-and-arrest-totals-increase-at-latest-moral-monday-protest/Content?oid=3641650.
5. Samantha Lachman, “Republican Mayor Partners with Moral Monday Movement, Walks 273 Miles for Health Care Access,” Huffington Post, July 15, 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/15/moral-monday-health-care_n_5588211.html.
6. Lynn Parramore, “The Man Behind Moral Mondays,” American Prospect, June 17, 2013, http://prospect.org/article/man-behind-moral-mondays.
7. Lindsay Wagner, “School Vouchers: A Pathway Toward Fraud and Abuse of Taxpayer Dollars,” NC Policy Watch, April 24, 2013, www.ncpolicywatch.com/2013/04/24/school-vouchers-a-pathway-toward-fraud-and-abuse-of-taxpayer-dollars; Ari Berman, “North Carolina Is the New Wisconsin,” The Nation, June 12, 2013, www.thenation.com/article/north-carolina-new-wisconsin.
8. Robin Marty, “North Carolina ‘Motorcycle’ Abortion Bill Passes House, Will Protect Women from ‘Vaginal Organisms,’ Says Supporter,” RH Reality Check, July 12, 2013, http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2013/07/12/north-carolina-motorcycle-abortion-bill-passes-house-will-protect-women-from-vaginal-organisms-says-supporter.
9. Igor Volsky, “Ohio Governor John Kasich Breaks Pledge, Excludes Gender Protections from Non-Discrimination Order,” ThinkProgress, January 24, 2011, http://thinkprogress.org/lgbt/2011/01/24/177230/kasich-eo; Tanya Somanader, “Scott Walker’s Budget Limits Birth Control Coverage, Eliminates Access to Health Care Services for Women,” ThinkProgress, March 3, 2011, http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2011/03/03/148048/walker-birth-control-women-health; Laura Bassett, “Scott Walker Signs 20-Week Abortion Ban into Law,” Huffington Post, July 20, 2015, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/scott-walker-abortion-ban_55ad0c69e4b065dfe89ec3d8; Tanya Somanader, “House GOP Unanimously Passes Anti-Abortion Bill That Redefines Rape, Raises Taxes, and Creates Rape Audits,” ThinkProgress, May 4, 2011, http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2011/05/04/163656/house-gop-hr3; Sarah Jaffe, “Meet the HR3 Ten: Number One, Heath Shuler,” RH Reality Check, February 8, 2011, http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2011/02/08/meet-heath-shuler; Hayley Miller, “List of Anti-LGBT Legislation Across Nation Tops 100,” Human Rights Campaign Blog, April 9, 2015, www.hrc.org/blog/entry/list-of-anti-lgbt-legislation-across-nation-tops-100.
10. Thomas Frank, What’s the Matter with Kansas? (New York: Henry Holt, 2005).
11. Theda Skocpol and Vanessa Williamson, The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism (London: Oxford University Press, 2012), Kindle edition, loc. 753.
12. Corey Robin, The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), Kindle edition, loc. 3569.
13. Sarah Jaffe, “Can a Progressive Atheist Defeat the Democrats’ ‘Family’ Man in NC?” Religion Dispatches, April 17, 2012, http://religiondispatches.org/can-a-progressive-atheist-defeat-the-democrats-family-man-in-nc; Lindsay Beyerstein, “Worse Than Fascists: Christian Political Group ‘The Family’ Openly Reveres Hitler,” AlterNet, June 11, 2008, www.alternet.org/story/87665/worse_than_fascists%3A_christian_political_group_’the_family’_openly_reveres_hitler. For more on The Family, I recommend Jeff Sharlet, The Family: The Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power (New York: HarperCollins, 2008).
14. William Jennings Bryan’s “Imperialism” speech, available at Voices of Democracy, http://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/william-jennings-bryan-imperialism-speech-text.
15. Michael Kazin, The Populist Persuasion: An American History (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 106.
16. Chip Berlet and Matthew Lyons, Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort (New York: Guilford Press, 2000), 159.
17. Andrew Hartman, A War for the Soul of America: A History of the Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015), Kindle edition, loc. 100.
18. Amy Sonnie and James Tracy, Hillbilly Nationalists, Urban Race Rebels and Black Power: Community Organizing in Radical Times (New York: Melville House, 2011), Kindle edition, loc. 235–282, 1266–1657.
19. “Amber Hollibaugh,” Smith College Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, interviewed by Kelly Anderson December 15–16, 2003, and January 20, 2004, transcript available at https://www.smith.edu/library/libs/ssc/vof/transcripts/Hollibaugh.pdf.
20. Penny Lewis, Hardhats, Hippies and Hawks: The Vietnam Antiwar Movement as Myth and Memory (Ithaca, NY: ILR Press and Cornell University Press, 2013).
21. Jefferson Cowie, Stayin’ Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (New York: New Press, 2010), Kindle edition, loc. 4614–4618.
22. Kristin Luker, Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), 123.
23. Robin, Reactionary Mind, loc. 785–791.
24. Kazin, Populist Persuasion, 262–263; Cowie, Stayin’ Alive, loc. 5971.
25. David W. Moore, “Moral Values Important in the 2004 Exit Polls,” Gallup, December 7, 2004, www.gallup.com/poll/14275/moral-values-important-2004-exit-polls.aspx; “Religion and the Presidential Vote,” Pew Research Center, December 6, 2004, www.people-press.org/2004/12/06/religion-and-the-presidential-vote.
26. Andrew Cherlin, Labor’s Love Lost: The Rise and Fall of the Working-Class Family in America (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 1109–1129.
27. Ibid., loc. 1158–1167, 2402; Luker, Abortion, 199–207.
28. Luker, Abortion, 8, 199–207.
29. Bethany Moreton, To Serve God and Wal-Mart: The Making of Christian Free Enterprise (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), 5, 51–106; Bethany Moreton and Pamela Voeckel, “Learning from the Right,” in Labor Rising: The Past and Future of Working People in America, ed. Daniel Katz and Richard A. Greenwald (New York: New Press, 2012), 28–36.
30. Moreton, To Serve God and Wal-Mart, 118–119.
31. M. E. Melody, “Acting Up Academically: AIDS and the Politics of Disempowerment,” in Global AIDS Policy, ed. Douglas A. Feldman (Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1994), 176–177.
32. Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Women Who Built a Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 20–32; Moreton and Voeckel, “Learning from the Right,” 28–36.
33. “Republican Wave: Tillis Defeats Hagan, GOP Keeps Super Majority in N.C. Legislature,” Voter Update, November 5, 2014, http://thevoterupdate.com/trail/?p=1923#.VeCmi9NViko.
34. Bob Hall, “Data Highlight: US Supreme Court Rejects Aggressive Segregation,” Democracy North Carolina blog, April 21, 2015, http://nc-democracy.org/data-highlight-us-supreme-court-rejects-aggressive-segregation; Gary D. Robertson, “Judges Strike Down 2 North Carolina Congressional Districts,” Associated Press, February 5, 2016, http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/judges-strike-north-carolina-congressional-districts-36750506; Richard Fausset, “Supreme Court Won’t Intervene in North Carolina Election Fight,” New York Times, February 19, 2016, www.nytimes.com/2016/02/20/us/north-carolina-fights-over-its-election-rules.html.
35. Matthew Burns and Cullen Browder, “Wake DA Drops Charges Against Hundreds of Legislative Protesters,” WRAL, September 19, 2014, www.wral.com/wake-da-drops-charges-against-hundreds-of-legislative-protesters/13996960.
36. Colin Campbell and Taylor Knopf, “Accusations Fly as NC House Changes Course on Greensboro Redistricting,” News & Observer, July 2, 2015, www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/under-the-dome/article26047744.html.
37. Osagyefo Sekou, “The Liberation Theology of Ferguson,” KineticsLive, April 8, 2015, http://kineticslive.com/2015/05/osagyefo-sekou-the-liberation-theology-of-ferguson.
CHAPTER 7: RED SCARES AND RADICAL IMAGINATION
1. “Kshama Sawant Victory Party 17nov2013,” YouTube video, uploaded by “Todd Boyle,” November 17, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxmWhRiP8Zs&feature=youtu.be&t=18m5s.
2. Pat Garofalo, “Boeing’s Corporate Tax Blackmail,” U.S. News & World Report, November 13, 2013 www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/pat-garofalo/2013/11/13/boeing-blackmails-washington-state-into-the-largest-corporate-tax-break-ever.
3. Rudolph Bell, “South Carolina Governor Says Ford, GM, Chrysler Union Jobs Not Welcome in State,” Detroit Free Press, February 20, 2014 www.freep.com/article/20140220/BUSINESS01/302200065.
4. Anthony Rizutto, “City Council Socialism: An Interview with Ty Moore,” Jacobin, December 5, 2013, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2013/12/city-council-socialism.
5. Hendrik Hertzberg, “Like, Socialism,” The New Yorker, November 3, 2008, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/11/03/like-socialism; Scott Conroy, “Palin: Obama’s Plan Is ‘Experiment with Socialism,’” CBS News, October 19, 2008, www.cbsnews.com/news/palin-obamas-plan-is-experiment-with-socialism.
6. Kristen Schall, “Rasmussen Poll Indicates American Shift Toward Socialism,” Common Dreams, April 11, 2009, www.commondreams.org/views/2009/04/11/rasmussen-poll-indicates-american-shift-toward-socialism; “Glenn Beck—Ronald Reagan Warns About Socialized Health Care V2,” YouTube video, uploaded by “americansunlight,” August 28, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4noO9Wirps; “Glenn Beck . . . Rushing thru Socialized Medicine,” YouTube video, uploaded by “SheepleNo,” June 16, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGkZA4NSF8o; Dianna Parker and Christine Schwen, “Media Infected with Conservatives’ ‘Socialized Medicine’ Myth,” Media Matters for America, April 30, 2009, http://mediamatters.org/research/2009/04/30/media-infected-with-conservatives-socialized-me/149717; John Nichols, “How Sarah Palin Renewed American Socialism,” in Going Rouge: Sarah Palin, An American Nightmare, ed. Richard Kim and Betsy Reed (New York: OR Books, 2009).
7. Adele M. Stan, “Big Business’s Hidden Hand in the Smear Job on Van Jones,” AlterNet, September 7, 2009, www.alternet.org/story/142481/big_business%27s_hidden_hand_in_the_smear_job_on_van_jones.
8. Dahlia Lithwick, “Nuts About ACORN,” Slate, October 16, 2008, www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2008/10/nuts_about_acorn.html; Aaron Sharockman, “Mickey Mouse Was Registered to Vote in Florida, Republican House Member Claims,” Politifact, April 26, 2011, www.politifact.com/florida/statements/2011/apr/26/eric-eisnaugle/mickey-mouse-was-registered-vote-florida-republica.
9. T. Jefferson, “Glenn Beck: The Fight to Mainstream Socialism,” GlennBeck. com, April 23, 2010, www.glennbeck.com/content/articles/article/198/39556; T. Jefferson, “Glenn Beck, Obama’s #1,” GlennBeck.com, October 3, 2008, www.glennbeck.com/content/articles/article/196/16130; “House Votes to Defund ACORN,” CBS News, September 17, 2009, www.cbsnews.com/news/house-votes-to-defund-acorn; Rachel Slajda, “ACORN Files for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy,” Talking Points Memo, November 2, 2010, http://talkingpointsmemo.com/muckraker/acorn-files-for-chapter-7-bankruptcy.
10. Jennifer Schuessler, “A Young Publisher Takes Marx into the Mainstream,” New York Times, January 20, 2013, www.nytimes.com/2013/01/21/books/bhaskar-sunkara-editor-of-jacobin-magazine.html; Ross Douthat, “How to Read in 2013,” New York Times, December 29, 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/12/30/opinion/sunday/douthat-how-to-read-in-2013.html.
11. Charles Postel, The Populist Vision (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), Kindle edition, loc. 791–793.
12. Chip Berlet and Matthew Lyons, Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort (New York: Guilford Press, 2000), 88–89.
13. Judith Stepan-Norris and Maurice Zeitlin, Left Out: Reds and America’s Industrial Unions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002), Kindle edition, loc. 3060, 3100.
14. Ibid., loc. 2951.
15. Victor Navasky, Naming Names, rev. ed. (New York: Open Road Media, 2013), Kindle edition, loc. 739; Stepan-Norris and Zeitlin, Left Out, loc. 3078.
16. Stepan-Norris and Zeitlin, Left Out, loc. 2776–2792; Robin D. G. Kelley, Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists During the Great Depression, 2nd ed. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015), Kindle edition, loc. 3067–3092.
17. Stepan-Norris and Zeitlin, Left Out, loc. 3048; Navasky, Naming Names, loc. 1878; Berlet and Lyons, Right-Wing Populism, 158.
18. Michael Kazin, The Populist Persuasion: An American History (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 184–190; Thomas Frank, What’s the Matter with Kansas?: How Conservatives Won the Heart of America (New York: Henry Holt, 2005), 193.
19. Berlet and Lyons, Right-Wing Populism, 224–225; JoAnn Wypijewski, “Night Thoughts,” The Nation, March 23, 2015, www.thenation.com/article/night-thoughts.
20. Trish Kahle, “Betting on Militancy,” Jacobin, October 22, 2013, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2013/10/beyond-fast-food-strikes.
21. Candice Choi, “McDonald’s Can Be Liable for Issues at Franchise-Owned Restaurants, NLRB Rules,” Associated Press, July 29, 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/29/mcdonalds-nlrb-joint-employer-ruling_n_5630902.html; Dave Jamieson, “The Labor Ruling McDonald’s Has Been Dreading Just Became a Reality,” Huffington Post, August 27, 2015, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-federal-ruling-mcdonalds-has-dreaded-just-became-a-reality_us_55df39a1e4b029b3f1b1db3b.
22. Eric M. Johnson, “Court Extends SeaTac’s $15 Minimum Wage to Airport Workers,” Huffington Post, August 21, 2015, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/seatac-15-minimum-wage_us_55d74dcfe4b04ae49702fa99.
23. Dan Merica, “Windfall at Bernie’s: Sanders Raises $1.5 Million in 24 Hours,” CNN, May 1, 2015, www.cnn.com/2015/05/01/politics/bernie-sanders-fundraising; Clare Foran, “Bernie Sanders’s Big Money,” The Atlantic, March 1, 2016, www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/03/bernie-sanders-fundraising/471648; Aaron Blake, “74-Year-Old Bernie Sanders’s Remarkable Dominance Among Young Voters, in 1 Chart,” Washington Post, March 17, 2016, www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/03/17/74-year-old-bernie-sanderss-amazing-dominance-among-young-voters-in-1-chart.
24. Gregory Krieg, “Hillary Clinton Just Set Herself Apart from Bernie Sanders on This One Critical Point,” Mic.com, July 17, 2015, http://mic.com/articles/122461/hillary-clinton-declines-to-endorse-15-minimum-wage#.iZ8kaKYuv.
25. Ezra Klein, “Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton’s Debate over Capitalism, Explained,” Vox, October 14, 2015, www.vox.com/2015/10/14/9528873/bernie-sander-hillary-clinton-socialist-debate.
26. Real Clear Politics, “2016 Democratic Popular Vote,” June 8, 2016, www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2016/president/democratic_vote_count.html; fundraising total provided by Sanders campaign staff, June 8, 2016.
CHAPTER 8: THE MILITARIZATION OF EVERYTHING
1. “NYPD Police Pepper Spray Occupy Wall Street Protesters (Anthony Balogna),” YouTube video, uploaded by “USLAWdotcom,” September 24, 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZ05rWx1pig; “Peaceful Female Protesters Penned in the Street and Maced! #OccupyWallStreet,” YouTube video, uploaded by “TheOther99Percent’s channel,” September 24, 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moD2JnGTToA.
2. Kristen Gwynne, “‘This Is the Beginning of Something Big’: Report from AlterNet Staffer Arrested on Brooklyn Bridge,” AlterNet, October 3, 2011, www.alternet.org/newsandviews/article/674832/%22this_is_the_beginning_of_something_big%22%3A_report_from_alternet_staffer_arrested_on_brooklyn_bridge.
3. Wanda Johnson, “Oscar Grant’s Mother: ‘We Have to Be Relentless in the Vindication of Our Slain Sons,’” Time, August 26, 2014, http://time.com/3181736/michael-brown-ferguson-oscar-grant; Michael McLaughlin, “Ex-Transit Officer Who Killed Oscar Grant, Unarmed Black Man, Wins Lawsuit,” Huffington Post, July 1, 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/01/oscar-grant-lawsuit-bart-officer_n_5548719.html; Susie Cagle, “Police State in Oakland? Reporter’s Arrest Contradicts Official Story,” AlterNet, November 6, 2011, www.alternet.org/story/152990/police_state_in_oakland_one_reporter%27s_arrest_contradicts_official_story; Susie Cagle, “Arrests 1am at Occupy Oakland,” YouTube video, uploaded by Susie Cagle, November 4, 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afcubFVMrMY.
4. Susie Cagle, “Police State in Oakland?”; Susie Cagle, “Arrests 1am at Occupy Oakland.”
5. Ali Winston, “Oakland to Pay $4.5 Million to Iraq War Vet Scott Olsen,” East Bay Express, March 21, 2014, www.eastbayexpress.com/SevenDays/archives/2014/03/21/oakland-to-pay-45-million-to-iraq-war-vet-scott-olsen; “Scott Olsen, U.S. Vet Nearly Killed by Police Beanbag at Occupy Oakland, Settles Lawsuit with City,” Democracy Now, March 21, 2014, www.democracynow.org/2014/3/21/scott_olsen_us_vet_nearly_killed.
6. Randy Erickson, “Two Years After Shooting at Occupy Oakland, OHS Grad Occupied with Healing, Lawsuit,” LaCrosse Tribune, November 2, 2013, http://lacrossetribune.com/news/local/two-years-after-shooting-at-occupy-oakland-ohs-grad-occupied/article_b4cf61b6–4377–11e3–8835–001a4bcf887a.html.
7. Jason Paladino and Jake Nicol, “Urban Shield Trains First Responders, Draws Fire over Weapons Show,” OaklandNorth, October 30, 2013, https://oaklandnorth.net/2013/10/30/urban-shield-trains-first-responders-draws-fire-over-weapons-show.
8. Winston, “Oakland to Pay $4.5 Million.”
9. “Los Angeles to Pay $2.45 Million to Settle Occupy LA Lawsuit,” ABC 7, April 2, 2015, http://abc7.com/news/los-angeles-to-pay-$245-million-to-settle-occupy-la-lawsuit/611708.
10. Jason Leopold, “DHS Turns Over Occupy Wall Street Documents to Truthout,” Truthout, March 20, 2012, www.truth-out.org/news/item/8012-dhs-turns-over-occupy-wall-street-documents-to-truthout; Michael S. Schmidt and Colin Moynihan, “F.B.I. Counterterrorism Agents Monitored Occupy Movement, Records Show,” New York Times, December 24, 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/12/25/nyregion/occupy-movement-was-investigated-by-fbi-counterterrorism-agents-records-show.html; “FBI Documents Reveal Secret Nationwide Occupy Monitoring,” Partnership for Civil Justice Fund, December 21, 2012, www.justiceonline.org/fbi_files_ows.
11. Sarah Knuckey, Katherine Glenn, and Emi MacLean, et al., “Suppressing Protest: Human Rights Violations in the U.S. Response to Occupy Wall Street,” Global Justice Clinic (NYU School of Law) and the Walter Leitner International Human Rights Clinic at the Leitner Center for International Law and Justice (Fordham Law School), available at Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, NYU School of Law, http://chrgj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/suppressingprotest.pdf.
12. Ibid.
13. David Hunn and Kim Bell, “Why Was Michael Brown’s Body Left There for Hours?” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 14, 2014, www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/why-was-michael-brown-s-body-left-there-for-hours/article_0b73ec58-c6a1–516e-882f-74d18a4246e0.html.
14. Rebecca Leber, “Ferguson’s Police Force Is 94 Percent White, and That’s Basically Normal in the U.S.” New Republic, August 13, 2014, www.newrepublic.com/article/119070/michael-browns-death-leads-scrutiny-ferguson-white-police.
15. Barbara Starr and Wesley Bruer, “Missouri National Guard’s Term for Ferguson Protesters: ‘Enemy Forces,’” CNN, April 17, 2015, http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/17/politics/missouri-national-guard-ferguson-protesters/index.html.
16. Tef Poe, “St. Louis Rapper Tef Poe Describes the Scene on the Ground in Ferguson, Missouri,” Vice, August 14, 2014, http://noisey.vice.com/blog/st-louis-rapper-tef-poe-describes-the-scene-in-ferguson-missouri.
17. Lyle Jeremy Rubin, “A Former Marine Explains All the Weapons of War Being Used by Police in Ferguson,” The Nation, August 20, 2014, www.thenation0.com/article/181315/catalog-ferguson-police-weaponry; Joanne Stocker and Robin Jacks, “Police in Ferguson Are Firing Tear Gas Canisters Manufactured During the Cold War Era,” Truthout, August 19, 2014, www.truth-out.org/news/item/25669-police-in-ferguson-are-firing-tear-gas-canisters-manufactured-during-the-cold-war-era; American Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts, “Less Lethal Force: Proposed Standards for Massachusetts Law Enforcement Agencies,” May 10, 2005, www.aclu.org/news/aclu-massachusetts-issues-recommendations-less-lethal-force-policies-police; Roberto Baldwin, “What Is the LRAD Sound Cannon?” Gizmodo, August 14, 2014, http://gizmodo.com/what-is-the-lrad-sound-cannon-5860592.
18. Mariah Stewart and Ryan J. Reilly, “Ferguson Protesters Outfitted in Orange Jumpsuits, Jailed with High Bail (Update),” Huffington Post, October 3, 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/03/ferguson-protesters-arrested_n_5929758.html.
19. Paul Szoldra, “This Is the Terrifying Result of the Militarization of Police,” Business Insider, August 12, 2014, www.businessinsider.com/police-militarization-ferguson-2014–8#ixzz3AD9HMciA.
20. Jeremy Scahill, Dirty Wars: The World Is a Battlefield (New York: Nation Books, 2013), 65. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice commented during the 2000 presidential election, “The United States has found it exceedingly difficult to define its ‘national interest’ in the absence of Soviet power.” Corey Robin, The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), Kindle edition, loc. 2442.
21. Sarah Jaffe, “Scahill: Dirty Wars Institutionalized Despite Obama Promises,” Truthout, May 28, 2013, http://truth-out.org/news/item/16627-scahill-expanded-executive-cia-and-pentagon-powers-institutionalize-dirty-wars-despite-obama-promises#.
22. Bob Moser, “Republican of the People,” Texas Observer, February 18, 2010, www.texasobserver.org/republican-of-the-people; Sam Stein, “Sharron Angle Floated ‘2nd Amendment Remedies as “Cure” for ‘The Harry Reid Problem,’” Huffington Post, June 16, 2010, www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/06/16/sharron-angle-floated-2nd_n_614003.html.
23. Theda Skocpol and Vanessa Williamson, The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism (London: Oxford University Press, 2012), Kindle edition, loc. 1279; Chip Berlet and Matthew Lyons, Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort (New York: Guilford Press, 2000), 289–303; Laura Flanders, Rick Rowley, Chip Berlet, and J. D. Meadows, “White Power USA,” in At The Tea Party, ed. Laura Flanders (New York: OR Books, 2010); Justine Sharrock, “Oath Keepers and the Age of Treason,” Mother Jones, March/April 2010, www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/03/oath-keepers.
24. Joel Currier, “About a Dozen Open-Carry Activists Gather in Ferguson,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 16, 2015, www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/about-a-dozen-open-carry-gun-rights-activists-gather-in/article_eaa0e41b-042f-58ff-a1ef-476898bf5de5.html.
25. Radley Balko, The Rise of the Warrior Cop: The Militarization of America’s Police Forces (New York: PublicAffairs, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 4875; population figures from 2010 US Census.
26. Taylor Wofford, “How America’s Police Became an Army: The 1033 Program,” Newsweek, August 13, 2014, www.newsweek.com/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537; Christian Sheckler, “Local Police Acquire More Firepower,” South Bend Tribune, July 21, 2014, www.southbendtribune.com/news/local/local-police-acquire-more-firepower/article_9d74c2aa-0ff4–11e4-ad41–001a4bcf6878.html.
27. US Department of Homeland Security, “National Network of Fusion Centers Fact Sheet,” www.dhs.gov/national-network-fusion-centers-fact-sheet.
28. Lily Hay Newman, “Border Patrol Drones Each Cost $12K an Hour to Fly, Don’t Do Much,” Slate, January 6, 2015, www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/01/06/homeland_security_s_border_patrol_drones_cost_12k_an_hour_to_fly_and_don.html; “9 Things You Should Know About Border Militarization,” United We Dream, 2013, http://unitedwedream.org/9-things-you-should-know-about-border-militarization; Balko, Rise of the Warrior Cop, loc. 3995; Lee Fang, “How Private Prisons Game the Immigration System,” The Nation, February 27, 2013, www.thenation.com/article/173120/how-private-prisons-game-immigration-system; “ACLU Factsheet: The NYPD Muslim Surveillance Program,” https://www.aclu.org/factsheet-nypd-muslim-surveillance-program; “ACLU: Surveillance by Other Agencies,” https://www.aclu.org/issues/national-security/privacy-and-surveillance/surveillance-other-agencies.
29. Spencer Ackerman, “The Disappeared: Chicago Police Detain Americans at Abuse-Laden ‘Black Site,’” The Guardian, February 24, 2015, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/feb/24/chicago-police-detain-americans-black-site.
30. Glenn Greenwald, “XKeyscore: NSA Tool Collects ‘Nearly Everything a User Does on the Internet,’” The Guardian, July 31, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/31/nsa-top-secret-program-online-data; Dustin Volz, “Everything We Learned from Edward Snowden in 2013,” National Journal, December 31, 2013, www.nationaljournal.com/defense/everything-we-learned-from-edward-snowden-in-2013–20131231; Ewen Macaskill and Gabriel Dance, “NSA Files Decoded: What the Revelations Mean for You,” The Guardian, November 1, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/nov/01/snowden-nsa-files-surveillance-revelations-decoded#section/1.
31. Craig Timberg, “FBI Gags State and Local Police on Capabilities of Cellphone Spy Gear,” Washington Post, September 23, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/09/23/fbi-gags-state-and-local-police-on-capabilities-of-cellphone-spy-gear.
32. Robin, Reactionary Mind, loc. 3085–3108.
33. Balko, Rise of the Warrior Cop, loc. 1344–1349.
34. Angela Davis, Angela Davis: An Autobiography (New York: Bantam, 1975), 226–227.
35. Balko, Rise of the Warrior Cop, loc. 1616–1688.
36. Gary Potter, “The History of Policing in the United States, Part 1,” Eastern Kentucky University, June 25, 2013, http://plsonline.eku.edu/insidelook/history-policing-united-states-part-1; Balko, Rise of the Warrior Cop, loc. 718, 752–760.
37. Victor E. Kappeler, “A Brief History of Slavery and the Origins of American Policing,” Eastern Kentucky University, January 7, 2014, http://plsonline.eku.edu/insidelook/brief-history-slavery-and-origins-american-policing; Balko, Rise of the Warrior Cop, loc. 644–647.
38. Tom McCarthy, “Police Killed More Than Twice as Many People as Reported by US Government,” The Guardian, March 4, 2015, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/mar/04/police-killed-people-fbi-data-justifiable-homicides; “The Counted: People Killed by Police in the US,” The Guardian, accessed January 29, 2016, www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2015/jun/01/the-counted-police-killings-us-database.
39. Robin D. G. Kelley, Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists During the Great Depression, 2nd ed. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015), Kindle edition, loc. 1673, 3502–3507, 4538; Berlet and Lyons, Right-Wing Populism, 268.
40. Victor Navasky, Naming Names, rev. ed. (New York: Open Road Media, 2013), Kindle edition, loc. 321, 704; Berlet and Lyons, Right-Wing Populism, 153; Amy Sonnie and James Tracy, Hillbilly Nationalists, Urban Race Rebels and Black Power: Community Organizing in Radical Times (New York: Melville House, 2011), Kindle edition, loc. 1276, 1441, 1608–1625; Mike Konczal, “Mental Note: Link Black Panther Free Lunch Program, OWS Infrastructure,” Rortybomb, January 19, 2012, https://rortybomb.wordpress.com/2012/01/19/mental-note-link-black-panther-free-lunch-program-ows-infrastructure; Jeffrey Haas, “Fred Hampton’s Legacy,” The Nation, November 24, 2009, www.thenation.com/article/fred-hamptons-legacy.
41. Berlet and Lyons, Right-Wing Populism, 290–291; Balko, Rise of the Warrior Cop, loc. 3902–3941.
42. Bob Young, “City to Pay $1 Million to Settle Lawsuit over WTO Arrests,” Seattle Times, April 3, 2007, www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/city-to-pay-1-million-tosettle-lawsuit-over-wto-arrests; “Seattle Settles WTO Protest Lawsuit,” Associated Press, January 18, 2004, http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jan/18/nation/na-wto18.
43. Naomi Murakawa, The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), Kindle edition, loc. 1510–1516, 2461; Balko, Rise of the Warrior Cop, loc. 1490.
44. Murakawa, First Civil Right, loc. 663–667, 1496–1502, 1521–1532, 2334, 2607; Sonnie and Tracy, Hillbilly Nationalists, loc. 2828; Balko, Rise of the Warrior Cop, loc. 2795–2813, 2905.
45. Raven Rakia, “When People Are Property,” Medium, July 22, 2014, https://medium.com/@aintacrow/when-people-are-property-296dfe5105b1; “Stop and Frisk Facts,” New York Civil Liberties Union, 2010, www.nyclu.org/node/1598; “More Low-Level Arrests Under de Blasio Than Bloomberg,” New School Center for New York City Affairs, September 19, 2014, www.centernyc.org/child-welfare-nyc/2014/09/more-low-level-arrests-under-de-blasio-than-bloomberg.
46. Robert Lewis, “When Broken Windows Leads to Busted Heads,” WNYC, July 28, 2014, www.wnyc.org/story/when-broken-windows-leads-busted-heads.
47. Rakia, “When People Are Property.”
48. Mariame Kaba and Tamara K. Nopper, “Itemizing Atrocity,” Jacobin, August 15, 2014, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/08/itemizing-atrocity.
49. Samuel Bowles and Arjun Jayadev, “One Nation Under Guard,” New York Times, Opinionator, February 15, 2014, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/15/one-nation-under-guard/?smid=tw-share; Sarah Jaffe, “$230,000 for a Guard Dog: Why the Wealthy Are Afraid of Violence from Below,” AlterNet, July 29, 2011, www.alternet.org/story/151837/$230,000_for_a_guard_dog%3A_why_the_wealthy_are_afraid_of_violence_from_below.
50. Kim Bell, “August Video: Man Justifies the Looting in Ferguson,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 11, 2014, www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/video-man-justifies-the-looting-in-ferguson/html_7699be22-bb74–5d4f-aa49-fcc46f5cb025.html.
51. US Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department, available at Washington Post, http://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/documents/national/department-of-justice-report-on-the-ferguson-mo-police-department/1435.
52. Jeremy Kohler, Jennifer S. Mann, and Stephen Deere, “Municipal Courts Are Well-Oiled Money Machine,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March 15, 2015, www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/municipal-courts-are-well-oiled-money-machine/article_2f45bafb-6e0d-5e9e-8fe1–0ab9a794fcdc.html; Nicolas Medina Mora, “7 Curious Facts About the Ferguson Municipal Court Judge,” Buzzfeed, March 6, 2015, www.buzzfeed.com/nicolasmedinamora/7-curious-facts-about-the-ferguson-municipal-judge#.ukR5yyE3Nx; Jeremy Kohler, Jennifer S. Mann, and Stephen Deere, “A Web of Lawyers Play Different Roles in Different Courts,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March 29, 2015, www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/a-web-of-lawyers-play-different-roles-in-different-courts/article_b61728d1–09b0–567f-9ff4–919cf4e34649.html.
53. Emily Badger, “Why Riots Erupted in One of the Most Segregated Metro Regions in the Country,” Washington Post, August 11, 2014, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/08/11/why-riots-erupted-in-one-of-the-most-segregated-metro-regions-in-the-country; Leber, “Ferguson’s Police Force”; Judith Stepan-Norris and Maurice Zeitlin, Left Out: Reds and America’s Industrial Unions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002), Kindle edition, loc. 2418–2421; Sarah Kendzior and Umar Lee, “‘I Am Darren Wilson’: St. Louis and the Geography of Fear,” Quartz, October 21, 2014, http://qz.com/284383/i-am-darren-wilson-st-louis-and-the-geography-of-fear; Richard Rothstein, “The Making of Ferguson,” Economic Policy Institute, October 15, 2014, www.epi.org/publication/making-ferguson/#urban-renewal-and-redevelopment-programs.
54. Todd Frankel, “50 Years Later, Jefferson Bank Protest Refuses to Fade Away,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 31, 2013, www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/years-later-jefferson-bank-protest-refuses-to-fade-away/article_6419edb0-cfc9–5f17-bbe9–2bd8598bf5cf.html.
55. Vesla M. Weaver, “The Only Government I Know,” Boston Review, June 10, 2014, http://bostonreview.net/us/vesla-m-weaver-citizenship-custodial-state-incarceration.
56. Trymaine Lee, “Ferguson Protesters Win Injunction to Stop Cops Using Tear Gas,” MSNBC, December 11, 2014, www.msnbc.com/msnbc/ferguson-protesters-win-injunction-stop-cops-using-tear-gas.
57. Niraj Chokshi, “Dozens of Ferguson-Related Reforms Were Proposed in Missouri. Just One Passed,” Washington Post, May 16, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2015/05/15/the-missouri-legislature-is-about-to-end-its-session-having-passed-almost-none-of-the-dozens-of-ferguson-related-bills-proposed.
58. Radley Balko, “Obama Moves to Demilitarize America’s Police,” Washington Post, May 18, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2015/05/18/obama-moves-to-demilitarize-americas-police; Congressman Jeff Duncan, Facebook post, https://www.facebook.com/RepJeffDuncan/posts/834018293282591.
CHAPTER 9: CHANGE IS GONNA COME
1. Andrew Freedman, “How Global Warming Made Sandy Worse,” Climate Central, November 1, 2012, www.climatecentral.org/news/how-global-warming-made-hurricane-sandy-worse-15190.
2. Joe Romm, “How Does Climate Change Make Superstorms Like Sandy More Destructive?” ThinkProgress, October 31, 2012, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/10/31/1117091/how-does-climate-change-make-hurricanes-like-sandy-more-destructive.
3. Justin Elliott, “Red Cross: How We Spent Sandy Money Is a Trade Secret,” ProPublica, June 26, 2014, https://www.propublica.org/article/red-cross-how-we-spent-sandy-money-is-a-trade-secret.
4. “Hurricane Sandy’s Impact, by the Numbers,” Huffington Post, October 29, 2013, www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/29/hurricane-sandy-impact-infographic_n_4171243.html; Patrick McGeehan and Griff Palmer, “Displaced by Hurricane Sandy and Living in Limbo,” New York Times, December 6, 2013, www.nytimes.com/2013/12/07/nyregion/displaced-by-hurricane-sandy-and-living-in-limbo-instead-of-at-home.html.
5. Corey Mitchell, “‘Death of My Career’: What Happened to New Orleans’s Veteran Black Teachers?” Education Week, August 19, 2015, http://neworleans.edweek.org/veteran-black-female-teachers-fired; Richard A. Webster, “New Orleans Public Housing Remade After Katrina. Is It Working?” Nola.com, August 20, 2015, http://www.nola.com/katrina/index.ssf/2015/08/new_orleans_public_housing_dem.html; Wen Stephenson, What We Are Fighting For Now Is Each Other: Dispatches from the Front Lines of Climate Justice (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), Kindle edition, loc. 1795.
6. The story of Malik Rahim and Common Ground is a long one and worth learning about. For a start, try Rahim’s appearances on the show Democracy Now, available online at www.democracynow.org/appearances/malik_rahim, and Jake Olzen, “Repression Against Grassroots Hurricane Relief Lingers in New Orleans,” Waging Nonviolence, November 9, 2012, http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/repression-against-grassroots-hurricane-relief-lingers-in-new-orleans.
7. Erik Loomis, Out of Sight: The Long and Disturbing History of Corporations Outsourcing Disaster (New York: New Press, 2015), 138; Seth Motel, “5 Facts About the BP Oil Spill,” Pew Research Center, FactTank, April 17, 2015, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/17/5-facts-about-the-bp-oil-spill.
8. Loomis, Out of Sight, 138.
9. Howard Berkes, “Massey Mine Workers Disabled Safety Monitor,” National Public Radio, July 15, 2010, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128516777; Stephenson, What We’re Fighting For, loc. 1770.
10. Howard Berkes, “Massey CEO’s Pay Soared as Mine Concerns Grew,” National Public Radio, April 17, 2010, www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126072828.
11. Christopher Hayes, “The New Abolitionism,” The Nation, April 22, 2014, www.thenation.com/article/new-abolitionism; Naomi Klein, This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014), 415–416.
12. Amanda Peterka, “Doing for Clean Energy What John Muir Did for Preservation,” Environment and Energy Daily, December 9, 2013, www.eenews.net/special_reports/shades_green/stories/1059991472/print; Loomis, Out of Sight, 86.
13. Loomis, Out of Sight, 25, 87–91; Stephenson, What We’re Fighting For, loc. 1973; David Biello, “Where Did the Carter White House’s Solar Panels Go?” Scientific American, August 6, 2010, www.scientificamerican.com/article/carter-white-house-solar-panel-array; Joe Romm, “Who Got Us in This Energy Mess? Start with Ronald Reagan,” ThinkProgress, July 8, 2008, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2008/07/08/202854/who-got-us-in-this-energy-mess-start-with-ronald-reagan.
14. Trish Kahle, “Rank-and-File Environmentalism,” Jacobin, June 11, 2014, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/06/rank-and-file-environmentalism; Loomis, Out of Sight, 57; Jefferson Cowie, Stayin’ Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (New York: New Press, 2010), Kindle edition, loc. 4934.
15. Robert D. Bullard, “Confronting Environmental Racism in the Twenty-First Century,” Global Dialogue 4 (Winter 2002), www.worlddialogue.org/content.php?id=179; Stephenson, What We’re Fighting For, loc. 1465.
16. Klein, This Changes Everything, 18–21, 79.
17. Andrew Ross, Creditocracy and the Case for Debt Refusal (New York: OR Books, 2014), 214–215; Steffen Böhm, “Why Are Carbon Markets Failing?” The Guardian, April 12, 2013, www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/why-are-carbon-markets-failing.
18. Van Jones, “Working Together for a Green New Deal,” The Nation, October 28, 2008, www.thenation.com/article/working-together-green-new-deal; Klein, This Changes Everything, 17, 120–121; Seamus McGraw, The End of Country: Dispatches from the Frack Zone (New York: Random House, 2011), Kindle edition, loc. 2898–3059.
19. Hayes, “The New Abolitionism”; Loomis, Out of Sight, 142–143; Jane Mayer, “Taking It to the Streets,” The New Yorker, November 28, 2011, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/11/28/taking-it-to-the-streets.
20. Klein, This Changes Everything, 11–12, 206–207; Stephenson, What We’re Fighting For, loc. 235.
21. Klein, This Changes Everything, 44; Hayes, “The New Abolitionism.”
22. Klein, This Changes Everything, 209, 215, 230–244.
23. The Strike Debt report is available at http://strikedebt.org/sandyreport; Ross, Creditocracy, 200–201.
24. Ross, Creditocracy, 182–189, 205–214.
25. Ibid., 205–214; Alyssa Battistoni, “Alive in the Sunshine,” Jacobin, Winter 2014, www.jacobinmag.com/2014/01/alive-in-the-sunshine.
26. Sabrina Tavernise and Albert Sun, “Same City, but Very Different Life Spans,” New York Times, April 28, 2015, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/04/29/health/life-expectancy-nyc-chi-atl-richmond.html
27. Associated Press, “Central Illinois County Turns Away Oil Drilling,” November 19, 2014, www.dailyherald.com/article/20141119/news/141118218; McLean County Board, meeting audio, November 18, 2014, www.mcleancountyil.gov/index.aspx?NID=464.
28. Michael Brune, “From Walden to the White House,” Sierra Club, January 22, 2013, www.sierraclub.org/michael-brune/2013/01/walden-white-house.
29. Terry Macalister, “Shell Abandons Alaska Arctic Drilling,” The Guardian, September 28, 2015, www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/28/shell-ceases-alaska-arctic-drilling-exploratory-well-oil-gas-disappoints; Timothy Cama, “Obama Cancels Arctic Drilling Lease Sales,” The Hill, October 16, 2015, http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/257191-obama-cancels-arctic-drilling-lease-sales.
CONCLUSION: OUR FUTURE IS NOT YOURS TO LEVERAGE
1. Yong Jung Cho, Waleed Shahid, Devontae Torriente, and Sara Blazevic, “Here’s Why We’re Committing Civil Disobedience: Young People Can No Longer Be Silent About Our Broken System,” Salon, November 2, 2015, www.salon.com/2015/11/02/heres_why_were_committing_civil_disobedience_millennials_can_no_longer_be_silent_about_our_broken_system.
2. Casey Quinlan, “What You Need to Know About the Huge Student Protest Sweeping the Country Today,” ThinkProgress, November 12, 2015, http://thinkprogress.org/education/2015/11/12/3721211/million-student-march.
3. Keith O’Brien, “Inside the Protest That Stopped the Trump Rally,” Politico, March 13, 2016, www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/03/donald-trump-chicago-protest-213728.
4. Michael Kazin, The Populist Persuasion: An American History (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 218; Leah Hope, “Republic Windows Ex-Workers to Get Back Pay 7 Years After Company Closed,” ABC 7 News, January 21, 2016, http://abc7chicago.com/1168712.
5. Kim Janssen, “Michigan Avenue Black Friday Protests Cost Stores 25–50 Percent of Sales,” Chicago Tribune, November 30, 2015, www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-black-friday-mag-mile-fallout-1201-biz-20151130-story.html; Merrit Kennedy, “Controversial Emergency Manager of Detroit’s Public Schools Resigns,” National Public Radio, February 2, 2016.
6. Jefferson Cowie, Stayin’ Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (New York: New Press, 2010), Kindle edition, loc. 1416.
7. Mike Konczal, “Occupy Foreclosures and a Chart of Changing Tactical Innovations in Protest Movements,” Rortybomb, December 5, 2011, https://rortybomb.wordpress.com/2011/12/05/occupy-foreclosures-and-a-chart-of-changing-tactical-innovations-in-protest-movements.