It is a pleasure to be able to thank the individuals and institutions that helped me complete this project. The generosity of Mr. Alexander Grass (z”l), who established the Alexander Grass Chair in Jewish History at the University of Florida, has allowed me the time and resources necessary to research, translate, and write. I am grateful to the staffs of the libraries at Columbia University, the Center for Jewish History in New York City, the New York Public Library, and the University of Florida for their assistance. Thank you to Shaina Hammerman for her fluid translations from the French. I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to Alexander von Thun, at Columbia University, for his assistance with the German translations. He has saved me from what would have been numerous embarrassing mistakes. My gratitude to Samuel Moyn and Eugene Sheppard for allowing this book to appear in their series, and to Sylvia Fuks Fried and Jeanne Ferris for their editorial assistance. Finally, as always, thanks to Nina for everything else.