1 Starr, R. (2008), ‘Kenneth Joseph Arrow’, in S. Durlauf and L. Blume (eds.), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (London: Palgrave Macmillan).
2 Nasar, S. (1998). A Beautiful Mind (London: Faber), 108.
3 Arrow in Breit, W., and Hirsch, B. T. (2009), Lives of the Laureates: Twenty-three Nobel Economists (Cambridge: MIT Press), 36. On Russell and Tarski: see Feferman in Alfred Tarski and the Vienna Circle (1999), Jan Wolenski and Eckehart Köhler (eds.) (New York: Springer), 48.
4 Black, D. (1991), ‘Arrow’s Work and the Normative Theory of Committees’, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 3, 262.
5 Interview with Alec Cairncross, quoted in McLean, I., McMillan, A., and Munroe, B. (1996), A Mathematical Approach to Proportional Representation (Dordrecht: Kluwer), xvi.
6 Arrow, K. (1951), Social Choice and Individual Values (New York: Wiley), 59.
7 Arrow, Kenneth J. (1978), ‘A Cautious Case for Socialism’, Dissent, September, 472–82.
8 Reisman, D. (2015), James Buchanan (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan), 3.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 Downs, A. (1957), An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper), 27.
12 See for example C. Pissarides (1980), ‘British Government Popularity and Economic Performance’, Economic Journal, 90, 569–81.
13 Buchanan, J., and Wagner R. (1977), Democracy in Deficit (San Diego: Academic Press), 65.
14 Friedman, Milton (1993), ‘George Stigler: A Personal Remembrance’, Journal of Political Economy, 101 (5), 772.
15 For a good discussion see Robert H. Wade (2014), ‘Economists’ Ethics in the Build-up to the Great Recession’, in George DeMartino and Deirdre McCloskey (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Professional Economic Ethics (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
16 The IBM Simon is regarded as the first mobile phone, released in 1994 at about $1,000 when a ticket at Lincoln Center in New York was around $30. In 2017 a mid-range smartphone is around $200 while the same ticket is $100.
17 For detailed but approachable discussion, and the statistics quoted here, see W. Baumol (ed.) (2012), The Cost Disease (New Haven: Yale University Press).
18 Ibid., 50.
19 Baumol, W. (2001), ‘Paradox of the Services’, in T. ten Raa and R. Schettkat (eds.), The Growth of Service Industries (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar), 24.
20 Florio, M. (2006), The Great Divestiture (Cambridge: MIT Press).
21 Much of this section has been influenced by the superb analysis in Hay, C. (2007), Why We Hate Politics (Cambridge: Polity Press), chapters 3 and 5.
22 Lord Falconer, Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs, quoted in Hay, 93.