NOTES
ABBREVIATIONS
DDEL—Dwight David Eisenhower Library
DIRNSA—Director, National Security Agency
DSDUF—Declassified and Sanitized Documents from Unprocessed Files
FRUS—Foreign Relations of the United States
HSTL—Harry S. Truman Library
JFKL—John F. Kennedy Library
LBJA—Lyndon B. Johnson Archive
LBJL—Lyndon B. Johnson Library
LC—Library of Congress
NA—National Archives
NSC—National Security Council
NSF—National Security Files
NPS—National Park Service, Johnson City, Texas
OF—Office Files
PP—Personal Papers
RBJ—Rebekah Baines Johnson Papers
RG—Record Group
SFRC—Senate Foreign Relations Committee
SOF—Senate Office Files
VP—Vice Presidential
WH—White House
WHCF—White House Central File
Chapter 1: Roots
1. J. O. Tanner Interview, Jan. 15, 1976, National Park Service (hereafter) Oral Histories, Johnson City, Texas.
2.William C. Pool et al.,Lyndon Baines Johnson: The Formative Years (San Marcos, TX, 1965), 3-5, 8-12.
3. “ Johnson Homeplace Constructed in 1800s ,”Daily News (Athens, Georgia), Aug. 3, 1978.
4.Robert Dallek , Lone Star Rising: Lyndon Johnson and His Times , 1908-1960 (New York, 1991), 14.
5. Ava Cox Interview, Sept. 11, 1975, NPS Oral Histories.
6. Second Interview with Otto Lindig, Mar. 1965, NPS Oral Histories.
7.Ronnie Dugger , The Politician: From Frontier to Master of the Senate (New York, 1982), 45.
8. Interview with Ida Felstead, May 7 and May 13, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
9.Dallek , Lone Star , 17.
10.J. Marvin Hunter , Trail Drivers of Texas (Bandera, 1924), 362-363.
11. See “ The Trail Driver Breed ” in Dobie,Flavor of Texas , 145-159.
12.Joseph S. Hall , ed., “ Horace M. Hall’s Letters from Gilespie County, Texas, 1871-1873 ,”Southwestern Historical Quarterly 62 (January 1959): 336-337.
13.Rebekah Baines Johnson , A Family Album (New York, 1965), 90.
14. Dallek,Lone Star , 18.
15. Ida Felsted Interview.
16.Edwin C. Bearss , “ Historic Resource Study: Lyndon B. Johnson and the Hill Country 1937-1963 ” (Santa Fe, NM, 1984), 34-39.
17. Pool et al,Formative Years , 17-18.
18.Dallek , Lone Star , 16.
19. Otto Lindig Interview;Dallek , Lone Star , 18-19; R.Johnson , Family Album , 73-74.
20.Bryan R. Wilson , Sects and Society: A Sociological Study of the Ilim Tabernacle, Christian Science, and Christadelphians (Berkeley, 1961), 281.
21. Ibid., 286.
22. J. O. Tanner Interview.
23.Dugger , Politician , 54, 411;Dallek , Lone Star , 20;Bearss , “ Hill Country ,” 51-52.
24. Allen Crider to LBJ, Feb. 10, 1955, Family Correspondence, Johnson, Sam E., Box 1, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
25.Pool et al., Formative Years , 22-23;R. Johnson , Family Album , 22-23;Dugger , Politician , 55.
26.R. Johnson , Family Album , 23;Pool , Formative Years , 23;Dallek , Lone Star , 22.
27. Ida Felton Interview.
28.R. Johnson , Family Album , 24.
29. Otto Lindig Interview.
30.Mark E. Young , “ Myth versus Reality: The Creation of Lyndon Johnson ,” unpublished ms. in possession of author, 20-21.Dallek , Lone Star , 24.
31. Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt Interview, Mar. 13, 1973, NPS Oral Histories.
32.Dugger , Politician , 56.
33.Caro , Path to Power , 46-48;Pool et al., Formative Years , 25-28;R. Johnson , Family Album , 24.
34. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 27.
35. “Sam Houston,” Apr. 28, 1965, OF÷Horace Busby, Box 51, LBJL.
36.R. Johnson , Family Album , 91-95; “Rev. George W. Baines, Jr.,”Texas Historical and Biographical Magazine , Feb. 1965, OF÷Horace Busby, Box 52, LBJL.
37.R. Johnson , Family Album , 67-68, 75-76.
38. Sam Houston to Lyndon, June 2, 1968, Family Correspondence, Box 2, Johnson Papers, LBJL
39. Ibid.
40. Josepha Baines Saunders Oral History 7, Mar. 4, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
41. Sam Houston to Lyndon, June 2, 1968, Family Correspondence, Box 2, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
42. Woods Oral History.
43. Josepha Saunders Interview.
44. Woods Oral History.
45. Sam Houston to Lyndon, June 2, 1968, Family Correspondence, Box 2, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
46.Merle Miller , Lyndon: An Oral Biography (New York, 1980) 6-7;Dugger , Politician , 63.
47. Sam Houston to Lyndon, June 2, 1968, Family Correspondence, Box 2, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
48.Young , “ Myth versus Reality ,” 7-12.
49.Miller , Lyndon , 7.
50.Pool et al, Formative Years , 25.
51. Press release, n.d., Johnson Birthplace, Reference File, Johnson Papers; Jesse Hatcher Oral History, Mar. 28, 1968, LBJL.
52.Dugger ,Politician , 64.
53.Dallek , Lone Star , 29.
54.Doris Kearns Goodwin , Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream (New York, 1976), 24.
55. Otto Lindig Interview.
56. Sherman Birdwell Oral History, Oct. 21, 1970, LBJL.
57.Dugger , Politician , 57-59.
58.Pool et al., Formative Years , 29.
59.Dallek , Lone Star , 25.
Chapter 2: Growing Up
1. Jesse Hatcher Oral History, Mar. 28, 1968, LBJL; Ida Felsted Interview, May 13, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
2.R. Johnson , Family Album , 17.
3. Birth certificate, Aug. 27, 1908, and Amendment to birth certificate, Feb. 2, 1961, Reference File, LBJL;Dallek , Lone Star , 30;R. Johnson , Family Album , 18.
4. Sam Houston Johnson Oral History, June 23, 1976, LBJL.
5. Ava Cox Interview, Mar. 2, 1978, NPS Oral Histories.
6.Miller , Lyndon , 6.
7.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 27.
8.Dugger , Politician , 66.
9. Ava Cox Interview, Jan. 22, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
10. Ava Johnson Cox and Ohlen Cox Interview, Jan. 22, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
11. Ava Cox Interview; Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt Interview, Mar. 13, 1973, NPS Oral Histories.
12. Byron Crider Interview, Jan. 16, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
13. Ava Cox Interview.
14. LBJ-Ronnie Dugger Interview, Dec. 13, 1967, Diary Backup, Box 84, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
15.Miller , Lyndon , 10.
16.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 26-27.
17. Ibid., 27.
18. Woods Oral History.
19.Miller , Lyndon , 11.
20.Dallek , Lone Star , 34. See also Beulah Johnson Interview, Mar. 21, 1978, NPS Oral Histories.
21. Ava Cox Interview.
22. Kathryn Deadrich Loney Oral History, Jan. 21, 1965, LBJL. See also Stella Johnson Luxcon Leaman Interview, July 20, 1977, NPS Oral Histories.
23. Beulah Johnson Interview.
24.Miller , Lyndon , 11.
25.Dallek , Lone Star , 35.
26. Ibid.
27.Miller , Lyndon , 11.
28. Mamie Klett Interview, Apr. 1, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
29.Dugger , Politician , 71.
30. Ibid.
31. Kitty Clyde Ross Leonard Interview, July 1, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
32. Mamie Klett Interview.
33. Fritz Koeniger Oral History, Nov. 12, 1981; John Brooks Casparis Oral History, Jan. 7, 1982, LBJL.
34.Larry L. King , “ Bringing Up Lyndon ,”Texas Monthly , Jan. 1976.
35. Sam Houston Johnson Oral History, June 23, 1976, LBJL.
36. Sam Houston to Lyndon, June 2, 1968, Family Correspondence, Box 2, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
37. George Reedy Oral History, III, June 7, 1975, LBJL.
38. Fritz Koeniger Oral History.
39. Sam Houston Johnson Interview, July 19, 1978, NPS Oral Histories.
40. Rebekah Bobbitt Interview.
41. Kitty Leonard Interview.
42. Ava and Ohlin Cox Interview.
43. Truman Fawcett Interview, May 1, 1978, NPS Oral Histories.
44. Charles Boatner Oral History, II, May 21, 1969, LBJL.
45. President and Isabelle Shelton Conversation, Mar. 21, 1964, Telephone Transcripts, White House Tapes, LBJL.
46. Ava and Ohlin Cox Interview.
47. Stella Johnson Luxcon Leaman Interview.
48.Pool et al., Formative Years , 57.
49. President and Isabelle Shelton Conversation.
50. See G. B. Rosborough to S. P. Brooks, Feb. 9, 1923, Rebekah Baines Johnson (hereafter RBJ) Papers, Box 6, LBJL.
51. Ruth Hunnicut Goddard Interview, April 6, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
52. Rebekah Bobbitt Interview.
53.Miller , Lyndon , 35.
54.Cynthia Brandimarte , “ Historic Resources Survey of Johnson City, Texas ” (Spring, 1999), NPS.
55. Rebekah Bobbitt Interview.
56. Goddard Interview.
57.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 25.
58. Roy and Marie Byers Interview, May 24, 1979, NPS Oral Histories.
59. Fritz Koeniger Interview.
60. Ava and Ohlin Cox Interview.
61. Boatner Oral History.
62.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 24-25.
63. Ibid., 26.
64. Ava and Ohlin Cox Interview.
65.Dugger , Politician , 75.
66. President and Isabelle Shelton Conversation, Mar. 24, 1964, Telephone Transcripts, White House Tapes, LBJL.
67. Rebekah Bobbitt Interview.
68. Fawcett Oral History.
69. President and Isabelle Shelton Conversation, Mar. 21, 1964.
70. Boatner Oral History.
71. Sam Houston Johnson Oral History.
72.Dugger , Politician , 73;Sam Houston Johnson , My Brother Lyndon (New York, 1969), 10.
73. Gerrard Casparis Interview, Feb. 1, 4, and 5, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
74. Truman Fawcett Interview.
75. Ibid.
76. Ava and Ohlin Cox Interview.
77. Ibid.
78.Dallek , Lone Star , 42.
79. Ibid., 43.
80. Ibid.
81. Ibid., 42-43.
82. J. O. Tanner Interview.
83. Louise Edwards Interview, July 22, 1976, Kitty Leonard Interview.
84. Truman Fawcett Interview.
85. Kitty Leonard Interview.
86.Dugger , Politician , 75.
87. S. Johnson, Brother Lyndon, 6-7.
88.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 34.
89.Dugger , Politician , 77.
90. Ben Crider Oral History, Aug. 1, 1968, LBJL.
91.Dallek , Lone Star , 51.
92. Bill and Mabel Stribling Interview, Jan. 30, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
93.Dugger , Politician , 79.
94. Ibid., 78.
95.Pool et al., Formative Years , 45.
96. Dorothy Hallman to Otto Lindig, Dec. 8, 1965, Family Correspondence, Box 1, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
97.Dallek , Lone Star , 49.
98.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 39.
99.Pool et al., Formative Years , 37;Dugger , Politician , 85.
100.Pool et al., Formative Years , 37;Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 38-39.
101.Pool et al., Formative Years , 37.
102.Dallek , Lone Star , 50.
103.Joe B. Frantz , The Driskill Hotel (Austin, TX, 1973), 18-19.
104. Mrs. Hugo (Elvira) Klein Interview, July 9, 1976, NPS Oral Histories, Lyndon to Grandmama, Dec. 3, 1920, RBJ Papers, Box 8, LBJL.
105. Rebekah Bobbitt Interview.
106.Dallek , Lone Star , 55, President and Ronnie Dugger Conversation, Dec. 13, 1967, Diary Backup, Box 84, LBJL.
107.Norman D. Brown , Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics , 1921-1928 (College Station, TX, 1984), 49-50.
108. Ibid., 50-57.
109. “Patman Cites Klan Fight by President’s Father,”Washington Post , Apr. 1, 1965.
110.S. Johnson , Brother Lyndon , 30.
111. Ibid.
112.Brown , Hood, Bonnett , 60-61. See also Welly Hopkins Oral History, I, May 11, 1965, LBJL.
113.Dugger , Politician , 91.
114. “Patman Cites Klan Fight by President’s Father.”
115. Roy and Marie Byers Interview.
116.Dugger , Politician , 105.
117.S. Johnson , Brother Lyndon , 34.
118.Dugger , Politician , 91.
119. Sam Johnson to Huffman Baines, Jan. 21, 1923, RBJ Papers, Box 8, LBJL.
120.Dugger , Politician , 91.
121.Miller , Lyndon , 21.
122. Louise Edwards Interview.
123.Miller , Lyndon , 23.
124.Dallek , Lone Star , 54.
125. Fawcett Oral History.
126. Louise Edwards Interview.
127.Dugger , Politician , 98-99.
128. John Brooks Casparis Oral History, Jan. 7, 1982, LBJL.
129. Louise Edwards Interview.
130. Mamie Klett Interview; Truman Fawcett Interview.
131. Louise Edwards Interview.
132. Ibid.
133. Ruth Crider Interview, Sept. 18, 1975, NPS Oral Histories.
134. Stribling Interview.
135. Louise Edwards Interview.
136. Ibid.
137.Dugger , Politician , 76.
138. Marie Fehmer to Horace Busby, Feb. 22, 1965, OF÷ Horace Busby, Box 52, LBJL.
139. Ibid.
140. John Casparis Oral History.
141.S. Johnson , Brother Lyndon , 11.
142.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 40-41.
143.Dallek , Lone Star , 56.
144. Ibid., 53.
145. Georgia Cammock Edgeworth Oral History, Dec. 17, 1981, LBJL.
146. Louise Edwards Interview.
147.Dugger , Politician , 99.
Chapter 3: College
1. Rebekah Baines Johnson to Flora Eckert, July 11, 1922, Family Correspondence, Box 2, LBJL.
2. Woods Oral History.
3.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 43.
4. J. F. Koeniger Oral History, I, Nov. 12, 1981, LBJL.
5.S. Johnson , Brother Lyndon , 21.
6. Ibid., 21-22.
7.Dugger , Politician , 101.
8. Ibid.
9. Jesse Hatcher Oral History, May 15, 1975, LBJL.
10. J. F. Koeniger Oral History.
11. Ibid.
12.Lyndon B. Johnson , “ I Grew Up Here, I Feel Comfortable Here ,”New York Times , May 8, 1966.
13. J. F. Koeniger Interview.
14.Dugger , Politician , 103.
15.S. Johnson , Brother Lyndon , 24.
16.Miller , Lyndon , 26.
17.Dallek , Lone Star , 60.
18. Vernon Whiteside Oral History, Aug. 1, 1985, LBJL.
19.Dugger , Politician , 104.
20.Dallek , Lone Star , 60.
21. Hatcher Oral History.
22.Dugger , Politician , 105.
23. Louise Edwards Interview.
24.Dallek , Lone Star , 57.
25.Dugger , Politician , 105.
26.Miller , Lyndon , 26.
27. Whiteside Oral History.
28.Alfred T. “ Boody ” Johnson Oral History, Nov. 27, 1979, LBJL.
29. Douglas Cater to Juanita Roberts, Jan. 15, 1965, Diary Backup, Box 12, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
30.Dugger , Politician , 106-107;Dallek , Lone Star , 60-61;Miller , Lyndon , 26-27; Alfred Johnson Oral History.
31. Jesse Hatcher Oral History, May 15, 1975, LBJL.
32. Whiteside Oral History.
33.Pool et al., Formative Years 70-71, 79.
34. Vernon Whiteside Oral History, II, Aug. 6, 1985, LBJL.
35. Clayton Stribling Interview, Mar. 20, 1976, NPS Oral Histories.
36.Pool et al., Formative Years , 86.
37. Ibid. 84-85.
38. Ibid. 84.
39. Horace Richards Oral History, Dec. 19, 1985, LBJL.
40.Miller , Lyndon , 27.
41.Dallek , Lone Star , 63.
42.Dugger , Politician , 109.
43. Whiteside Oral History, I.
44. Stribling Interview.
45. Stribling Interview, Whiteside Oral History, II.
46. Whiteside Oral History, II.
47. Richards Oral History.
48. Whiteside Oral History II.
49. President and Isabelle Shelton Conversation, Mar. 21, 1964.
50.Dugger , Politician , 110.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid.
53. Stribling Interview.
54.Dallek , Lone Star , 71.
55.Pool et al., Formative Years , 91.
56.Dugger , Politician , 112.
57.Levette J. “ Joe ” Berry Oral History, Dec. 10, 1985, LBJL.
58.Pool et al., Formative Years , 95. See also Willard Deason Oral History, May 7, 1965; Woods Oral History; Whiteside Oral History, II, LBJL.
59.Dugger , Politician , 113.
60.Pool et al., Formative Years , 101-102;Miller , Lyndon , 29.
61.Dugger , Politician , 112.
62. Whiteside Oral History, II.
63. Whiteside Oral History, II;Dugger , Politician , 112-113; Deason Oral History;Miller , Lyndon , 28.
64. Stribling Interview; Mylton “Babe” Kennedy Oral History, May 9, 1980, LBJL;Pool et al., Formative Years , 103-105.
65. Richards Oral History.
66. Ibid.; Woods Oral History;Pool et al., Formative Years , 105.
67. Whiteside Oral History, II; Alfred Johnson, Woods Oral History.
68. Richards Oral History.
69.Pool et al., Formative Years , 108.
70. Richards Oral History.
71. Whiteside Oral History, II;Pool et al., Formative Years , 109.
72. Alfred Johnson Oral History.
73. Deason Oral History.
74.Pool et al., Formative Years , 109-110.
75. Whiteside Oral History, II.
76. Berry Oral History.
77.Miller , Lyndon , 27.
78. Berry Oral History.
79. Richards Oral History.
80. Ibid.
81. Kennedy Oral History.
82. Deason Oral History.
83.Pool et al., Formative Years , 97-98.
84.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 59.
85. Ibid.
86. Alfred Johnson Oral History, I.
87.Dallek , Lone Star , 71.
88. “President Started Out as Journalist,”Austin American Statesman , Feb. 18, 1964.
89. Whiteside Oral History, I.
90.Michael E. Parrish , Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression , 1920-1941 (New York, 1992), 208-209.
91. “LBJ at Cotulla,”Houston Post , Jan. 27, 1964.
92.Dugger , Politician , 124.
93. Ibid.
94.Dallek , Lone Star , 81;Dugger , Politician , 124;S. Johnson , Brother Lyndon , 28-29.
95. Alfred Johnson Oral History, I.
96. Ibid., 7-8.
97.Julie Leininger Pycior , LBJ and Mexican-Americans: The Paradox of Power (Austin, TX, 1997), 8.
98. Ibid., 7-8.
99. Ibid., 18.
100. Ibid., 18-20;Dugger , Politician , 116;Dallek , Lone Star , 78-79.
101.Dugger , Politician , 116.
102.Miller , Lyndon , 33.
103. “LBJ at Cotulla.”
104.Miller , Lyndon , 33-34.
105.Pycior , LBJ and Mexican-Americans , 21.
106. Ibid., 21.
107.Miller , Lyndon, 34.
108.Pycior , LBJ and Mexican-Americans , 22. See also Donoho to Hays Session, Feb. 19, 1929, LBJA Subj. File, Teacher, Box 73, LBJL.
109.Miller , Lyndon , 34.
110. Alfred Johnson Oral History, I.
111. Whiteside Oral History, II.
112. Ibid.
113. Rebekah to Mrs. Biggers, June 15, 1931, LBJA Subject File, Teacher, Box 73, LBJL.
114. Whiteside Oral History, I.
115.Dallek , Lone Star , 82.
116.Ibid.
117. Kennedy Oral History.
118. Woods Oral History.
119. “The Greatest of Vocations,”College Star (SWT, San Marcos, Texas), Apr. 18, 1928.
120.Pool et al., Formative Years , 123.
121. Ibid., 126.
122. “Vision,”College Star (SWT, San Marcos, Texas), Feb. 1, 1928.
123. “The Cynic,” Collection of LBJ’s Editorials, Diary Backup, Box 84, LBJL.
124. Ibid.
125. Ibid.
126. Kennedy Oral History.
127. Welly K. Hopkins Oral History, May 11, 1965, LBJL; Woods Oral History.
128.Mark E. Young , “ Myth versus Reality: The Creation of Lyndon Johnson ,” unpublished ms., 30-31.
129. Hopkins Oral History.
Chapter 4: The Secretary
1.Dugger , Politician , 124-125.
2. Rebekah to Mrs. Biggers, June 15, 1931, LBJA Subject File, Teacher, Box 73, LBJL.
3. Lyndon to Uncle George, May 19, 1930, LBJA Subj. File, Teaching Certificates, Box 13, LBJL.
4.Dugger , Politician , 125.
5. Ibid.
6.Brown , Hood, Bonnet , 428-429.
7.Joseph A. Pratt andChristopher J. Casteneda , Builders: Herman and George R. Brown (College Station, TX, 1999), 37.
8. “His Slogan Was: ‘Get the Job Done’ … ,”Houston Press , Dec. 13, 1963.
9.Miller , Lyndon , 36.
10.Pool et al., Formative Years , 152-153.
11.Miller , Lyndon , 35-36.
12. “Johnson Coached Teams Learned to Work to Win,”Interscholastic League (Austin, TX), Feb. 1964.
13.Dallek , Lone Star , 90.
14. Gene Latimer Oral History, Dec. 12, 1981, LBJL.
15. Luther Jones Oral History, June 13, 1969, LBJL.
16.Miller , Lyndon , 36.
17.Pool et al., Formative Years , 156-157;Dugger , Politician , 126.
18. Latimer Oral History.
19. Willard Deason Oral History, II, Apr. 11, 1969, LBJL;Pool et al., Formative Years , 146-148.
20. President and Isabelle Shelton Conversation, Mar. 21, 1965.
21.Miller , Lyndon , 38-39.
22.Pool et al.,Formative Years , 149. See also “Lyndon Quit Teaching for Political Path Up,”Houston Post , Nov. 26, 1963.
23.Mark E. Young ,“ The Political Education of LBJ ” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas 1998), 32.
24. Sam Houston Johnson Oral History, June 15, 1976, LBJL.
25.T. Harry Williams , “ Lyndon Johnson and the Art of Biography ,”Among Friends of LBJ (LBJ Library, Austin, TX), July 15, 1978.
26.Miller , Lyndon , 37.
27. Felix McKnight Oral History, Oct. 4, 1979; Welly Hopkins Oral History, May 11, 1965, LBJL.
28. Deason Oral History.
29.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 74.
30. Luther Jones to Eric Goldman, Apr. 6, 1965, (hereafter PP) Luther Jones, Box 1, LBJL.
31. Lyndon to Luther E. Jones, n.d., PP÷Luther Jones, Box 1, LBJL.
32.Dallek , Lone Star 93.
33.Dugger , Politician , 165.
34.Miller , Lyndon , 38.
35.Dallek , Lone Star , 94;Dugger , Politician , 165.
36. Russell M. Brown Oral History, I, Jan. 10, 1978, LBJL.
37.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 76-77.
38. R. Brown Oral History, I; Sam Houston Johnson Oral History, June 15, 1976; Alfred Johnson Oral History.
39. Lyndon to Luther, Dec. 6, 1931, PP÷Luther Jones, Box 1, LBJL.
40.Dallek , Lone Star , 97.
41. Lyndon to Rebekah, Dec. 9, 1931, Family Correspondence, Box 1, LBJL.
42. Latimer Oral History.
43. Lyndon to L.E., Apr. 18, 1932, PP÷Luther Jones, Box 1, LBJL.
44. Brown Oral History, I; Luther E. Jones to Eric Goldman, Apr. 6, 1965, PP÷L. Jones, Box 1, LBJL;Dallek , Lone Star , 100-101.
45.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 79-80;Miller , Lyndon , 40.
46. Jones Oral History.
47. Robert M. Jackson Oral History, April 5, 1965, LBJL.
48.Dallek , Lone Star , 98.
49.Dallek , Lone Star , 101.
50. Brown Oral History.
51. Lyndon to Mr. and Mrs. Latimer, June 21, 1933, PP÷Gene Latimer, Box 1, LBJ.
52. Jones Oral History; Latimer Oral History.
53.Miller , Lyndon , 40.
54. Sam Houston Johnson Oral History;Dallek , Lone Star , 102.
55. Brown Oral History.
56. Russell M. Brown Oral History, Jan. 10, 1978, LBJL.
57. Mamie to Lyndon, Tuesday and Wednesday, 1932, Pre-Presidential Confidential File, Box 2, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
58. Ibid.; Sam Houston Johnson Oral History.
59. Sam Houston Johnson Oral History.
60. Brown Oral History.
61. Jackson Oral History.
62. L. E. Jones Oral History, II.
63.Dugger , Politician , 168, Brown Oral History, I.
64.Dugger , Politician , 168.
65. Ibid.
66. “Remarks at the Dedication of the Morgantown, W.Va., Airport,” Sept. 20, 1964, inPublic Papers of the Presidents, Lyndon B. Johnson, 1964 , Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C., 1965), 586.
67. Brown Oral History, I.
68.Dallek , Lone Star , 105.
69.Miller , Lyndon , 41.
70.Dugger , Politician , 168-169.
71. Brown Oral History, I.
72.Dallek , Lone Star , 111.
73.Paul Conkin , Big Daddy from the Pedernales: Lyndon B. Johnson (Boston, 1986), 69-70;Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 38.
74.Dallek , Lone Star , 104.
75. Brown Oral History, I.
76.Dugger , Politician , 169.
77.Miller , Lyndon , 42.
78.Dugger , Politician , 172;Dallek , Lone Star , 107.
79. Brown Oral History, I.
80.Dugger , Politician , 173.
81. Brown Oral History, I.
82.Dallek , Lone Star , 108-109.
83.Alfred Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy: A Close-up of the President from Texas (New York, 1968), 76.
84. Horace Busby Oral History, I, Apr. 23, 1981, LBJL.
85.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy, 76.
86. Ibid., 78.
87.Miller , Lyndon , 48.
88. Ibid.;Dugger , Politician , 73;Dallek , Lone Star , 112.
89. L. E. Jones Oral History, II.
90. Brown Oral History, I.
91. Ibid.
92. Al Philip Kane to Russell Morton Brown, Mar. 27, 1980, Brown Oral History, LBJL.
Chapter 5: Lady Bird and the NYA
1.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 83.
2. Cameron and Lucille McElroy Oral History, Mar. 11, 1981, LBJL.
3.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 85.
4.Jan Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird: A Biography of Mrs. Johnson (New York, 1999), 29.
5. McElroy Oral History.
6. Ibid.
7.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 49.
8. Ibid. 48.
9. Ibid., 51. Lady Bird claimed that she received the nickname from her black nurse, Alice T. Hie. Ibid.
10.Lewis L. Gould , Lady Bird Johnson and the Environment (Lawrence, KS, 1988) 8.
11. SeeT. J. Taylor vsMinnie L. Taylor , July 1909?Feb. 1911, Records of Calhoun and Harrison Counties, Texas, Furnished to author by Lewis Gould.
12.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 85;Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 54-55.
13.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 42.
14.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 87.
15.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 63.
16. Ibid., 60.
17. Ibid., 68.
18.Gould , Lady Bird and Environment , 9.
19. Ibid., 10.
20.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 82.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., 90.
23.Gould , Lady Bird and Environment , 21.
24.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 82.
25. Lady Bird Johnson Interview, Mar. 29-Apr. 2, 1993, NPS Oral Histories;Dugger , Politician , 176-177.
26.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 93.
27. Ibid., 102.
28. Lady Bird Johnson Interview;Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 93-94;Dugger , Politician , 177.
29.Dugger , Politician , 178.
30. Lady Bird Johnson Interview; Gould, Lady Bird and Environment, 12.
31.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 105.
32. Ibid.
33. LBJ to Bird, Sept. 18, 1934, “Love Letters,” Reference File, LBJL.
34. Lady Bird to Lyndon, Sept. 17, 1934, “Love Letters,” Reference File, LBJ.
35. LBJ to Bird, Sept. 18, 1934, “Love Letters,” Reference File, LBJL.
36.Dugger , Politician , 179.
37. Bird to LBJ, Oct. 1, 1934, “Love Letters,” Reference File, LBJL.
38.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 108.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. Bird to LBJ, Sept. 24, 1934, “Love Letters,” Reference File, LBJL.
42.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 110.
43. Luther E. Jones Oral History, II, Oct. 14, 1977, LBJL.
44. Bird to LBJ, Oct. 22, 1934, “Love Letters,” Reference File, LBJL.
45.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 111-112.
46. T. J. Taylor to Ida McKay, Nov. 23, 1934;U.S. News and World Report , Feb. 15, 1965.
47.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 19.
48.Miller , Lyndon , 44-45.
49.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 89.
50.Dugger , Politician , 181.
51.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 20.
52. Ibid., 25.
53. Clifford and Virginia Durr Oral History, I, Mar. 1, 1975, LBJL.
54.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 20.
55. Lady Bird Johnson Interview.
56. John Chancellor Oral History, I, Apr. 25, 1969, LBJL.
57.Gould , Lady Bird and Environment , 12.
58.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 113-115.
59. Lyndon to Rebekah, 1935, Family Correspondence, Box 1, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
60. Rebekah to Children, Nov. 30, 1934, Family Correspondence, Box 1, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
61.Miller , Lyndon , 45.
62.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 120.
63. Ibid., 124.
64. Ibid., 126.
65.Richard B. Henderson , Maury Maverick: A Political Biography (Austin, TX, 1970), 43.
66. Ibid., 62.
67. Ibid., 66.
68. Ibid., 65.
69. W. Ervin “Red” James Oral History, Feb. 17, 1978, LBJL.
70. D. B. Hardeman Oral History, IV, Jan. 19, 1977, LBJL.
71. Durr Oral History, II; W. E. James Oral History;Miller , Lyndon , 53.
72.Dallek , Lone Star , 125-127.
73.Dugger , Politician , 185.
74. Ibid.
75.Christie Lynn Bourgeois , “ Lyndon Johnson’s Years with the National Youth Administration ” (M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1984), 30-31.
76. Deason Oral History.
77. Ibid.;Bourgeois , “ Johnson’s Years with the NYA ,” 22-23.
78. Sherman Birdwell Oral History, III, Feb. 9, 1979, LBJL.
79.Dugger , Politician , 185.
80. Charles P. Little Oral History, II, July 24, 1978, LBJL.
81. Birdwell Oral History.
82. Ibid.
83. Deason Oral History.
84.Dallek , Lone Star , 131.
85. Sam Houston Johnson Oral History, Apr. 14, 1974, LBJL.
86. Deason Oral History. See alsoDeborah Lynn Self , “ The National Youth Administration in Texas, 1935-39 ” (M.A. thesis, Texas Tech University, 1974), 54-60.
87. Deason Oral History, II.
88. Birdwell Oral History.
89. Ibid.
90.Dallek , Lone Star , 134.
91. Deason Oral History.
92. Birdwell Oral History.
93.Dallek , Lone Star , 135; Deason Oral History, V.
94. Jones Oral History; Deason Oral History.
95.Dallek , Lone Star , 136;Parrish , Anxious Decades , 395-397.
96.Parrish , Anxious Decades , 395-397.
97. Busby Oral History, V.
98. LBJto John Corson, Sept. 22, 1935, LBJA, NYA, Box 73, LBJL,Miller , Lyndon , 56.
99. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 135-136.
100.Miller , Lyndon , 56.
101. Ibid.
102. LBJ to John Corson, Sept. 22, 1935, LBJA, NYA, Box 73, LBJL.
103. Birdwell Oral History.
104. Ibid.
105. Deason Oral History, IV.
106. LBJ to W. K. Hopkins, Apr. 6, 1936, PP÷Welly Hopkins, Box 1, LBJL.
107.Dugger , Politician , 189.
108. Rebekah to Lyndon, June 2, 1938, Family Correspondence, Box 1, LBJL.
109.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 118-119.
110. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 142.
Chapter 6: Congress
1. Steinberg, Sam Johnson’s Boy , 105;Dugger , Politician , 190.
2.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 90.
3.Miller , Lyndon , 58;Dallek , Lone Star , 144; Deason Oral History, I, May 7, 1965, LBJL.
4. “Many Enriched by Wirtz Dream,”Houston Post , Nov. 11, 1951;Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 104-105; Welly Hopkins Oral History, III, June 9, 1977, LBJL.
5. LBJ to Wirtz, Dec. 22, 1939, LBJA Selected Name File, Wirtz, Box 36, LBJL.
6. Mary Rather Oral History, II, Nov. 13, 1975, LBJL.
7. Hopkins Oral History.
8. Clifford and Virginia Durr Oral History, Mar. 1, 1975, LBJL.
9. Hopkins Oral History.
10.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 102.
11. Durr Oral History.
12. Deason Oral History.
13.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 106.
14.Dugger , Politician , 191.
15. Ibid., 192-193.
16. L. E. Jones Oral History, I, June 13, 1969, LBJL.
17.Dallek , Lone Star , 146-147.
18. Jones Oral History, I.
19.Dallek , Lone Star , 147.
20.Kari A. Frederickson , The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South , 1932-1968 (Chapel Hill, NC, 2001), 16.
21.Jane S. Smallwood , The Great Recovery: The New Deal in Texas (Boston, 1983), 6,11.
22. Quoted inBrown , Hood, Bonnet , 429.
23.Frederickson , Dixiecrat Revolt , 17.
24.Young , “ The Political Education of LBJ ,” 42.
25.Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 46-47.
26. Paul Bolton Oral History, I, April 6, 1981, LBJL.
27.Miller , Lyndon , 59.
28.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 91.
29.John B. Connally withMickey Hershowitz , In History’s Shadow: An American Odyssey (New York, 1993), 68-69.
30. L. E. Jones Oral History, I, June 13, 1969, LBJL.
31. Welly Hopkins to Charles West, Mar. 10, 1937, PP÷Welly Hopkins, Box 1, LBJL.
32.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 111.
33.Dugger , Politician , 196.
34. Wilton Woods Oral History, II, Apr. 20, 1982, LBJL.
35. Sherman Birdwell Oral History, I, Apr. 1965, LBJL.
36.Miller , Lyndon , 60.
37. Bolton Oral History, Apr. 6, 1981, LBJL.
38.Austin American , Mar. 1, 1937;Austin Statesman , Mar. 12, 1937.
39.Dugger , Politician , 197.
40. Ibid., 195.
41.Dallek , Lone Star , 153.
42.Dugger , Politician , 195-196.
43. J. F. Koeniger Oral History, I, Nov. 12, 1981, LBJL.
44.Austin American , April 6, 1937.
45.Dugger , Politician , 197.
46. Birdwell Oral History.
47. Sam Fore Jr. Oral History, Jan. 20, 1965, LBJL.
48.Dallek ,Lone Star , 155.
49. Willard Deason Oral History, May 7, 1965, LBJL;Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 117-119;Dugger , Politician , 202-203.
50.Dallek , Lone Star , 161.
51. Charles P. Little Oral History, II, July 24, 1978, LBJL.
52.Dugger , Politician , 202;Steinberg ,Sam Johnson’s Boy , 120.
53.Miller , Lyndon , 63.
54. “Johnson Sworn In,”Dallas Morning News , May 14, 1937.
55. Birdwell Oral History, I.
56.Rowland Evans andRobert Novak , Lyndon B. Johnson: The Exercise of Power (New York, 1966), 18.
57. Durr Oral History.
58.Miller , Lyndon , 64.
59.Michael Janeway , The Fall of the House of Roosevelt: Brokers of Ideas and Power from FDR to LBJ (New York, 2004), x?xii.
60. Stella Johnson Luxcon Leaman Interview, July 20, 1977, NPS Oral Histories; Gene to Bunny, Sept. 24, 1937, Pre-Presidential Confidential File, Box 2, LBJL.
61.Dugger , Politician , 204;Miller , Lyndon , 22.
62.Dugger , Politician , 204-205.
63. Ibid., 205.
64. Russell M. Brown Oral History, I, Jan. 10, 1978, LBJL.
65.Parrish , Anxious Decades , 305.
66. Durr Oral History.
67. D. B. Hardeman Oral History, IV, Jan. 19, 1977, LBJL.
68. “ Johnson and Rayburn: The 1950s. An Era of Congressional Government ,” inThe Presidency and the Congress , ed.William S. Livingston et al. (Austin, 1979), 227-251.
69. Hardeman Oral History.
70.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 135.
71. Gene to Chief, May 31, 1938, Pre-Presidential Confidential File, Box 2, LBJL.
72. J. F. Koeniger Oral History; “In the beginning … ” n.d. PP÷Dorothy Nichols, Box 1, LBJL.
73.Dallek , Lone Star , 186.
74. Walter Jenkins Oral History, IV, May 13, 1982, LBJL.
75. W. E. James Oral History, I, Feb. 17, 1978, LBJL.
76.Dallek , Lone Star , 187.
77. Ibid.
78.James Reston Jr. , The Lone Star: The Life of John Connally (New York, 1989), 40-45.
79.Miller , Lyndon , 69-70.
80. Ibid.
81.Connally , History’s Shadow , 52-54.
82.Miller ,Lyndon , 70-71. See also Herbert Henderson to Gordon Fulcher, Apr. 29, 1939, LBJA Selected Names File, Gordon Fulcher, Box 18, LBJL.
83. See LBJ to Gordon Fulcher, Feb. 7, 1938, LBJA Selected Names File, Gordon Fulcher, Box 18, LBJL.
84.Dugger , Politician , 209.
85.Miller , Lyndon , 69. See also Arthur Goldschmidt and Everett Looney Conversation, Sept. 15, 1939, PP÷Arthur Goldschmidt, Lower Colorado River Authority (hereafter LCRA), Box 1, LBJL.
86. LBJ to Mr. President, July 29, 1939, Papers of Rebekah Johnson, Box 8, LBJL.
87. Arthur Goldschmidt and Elizabeth Wickenden Oral History I, June 3, 1969, LBJL.
88. LBJ to A. J. Wirtz, Aug. 13, 1937, LBJA Selected Names, Wirtz, Box 36, LBJL.
89.Dallek , Lone Star , 176.
90.Joseph A. Pratt andChristopher J. Castaneda , Builders: Herman and George R. Brown (College Station, TX, 1999), 62.
91. “Mirrors of Austin,” (Austin, TX)State Observer , June 10, 1940 .
92. Walter Jenkins Oral History.
93.Connally , History’s Shadow , 69.
94.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 127-128.
95. Ibid.
96.Connally , History’s Shadow , 69.
97.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 131.
98. Ibid.
99.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 129.
100. James Rowe Oral History, Sept. 9, 1969, LBJL.
101.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 131.
Chapter 7: Pappy
1.Dallek , Lone Star , 164-165.
2.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 138.
3. Ibid.
4.Dugger , Politician , 221.
5. J. F. Koeniger Oral History, II, Nov. 17, 1981, LBJL.
6.Dallek , Lone Star , 169-170.
7. Ibid, 170.
8.Chandler Davidson , Race and Class in Texas Politics (Princeton, NJ, 1990), 64-111.
9.Jerry Flemons , Amon: The Life of Amon Carter, Sr. of Texas (Austin, Tx, 1978), 225-226.
10.Davidson , Race and Class in Texas Politics , 111-115.
11. Quoted inJaneway , House of Roosevelt , 146.
12.Davidson , Race and Class in Texas Politics , 27.
13. Ibid, 34.
14. Ibid, 35.
15.E. Parrish , Anxious Decades , 330.
16.Dallek , Lone Star , 192.
17.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 145.
18. Ibid, 140.
19.Dallek , Lone Star , 193.
20. Ibid., 195.
21.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 149.
22.Dallek , Lone Star , 199.
23. Ibid., 199.
24.Dugger , Politician , 224;Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 60.
25. “Rep. Lyndon Johnson Stepped in and Prevented G.O.P. Landslide,”Dallas Morning News , Nov. 11, 1941.
26.Dugger , Politician , 34.
27.Dallek , Lone Star , 201.
28.Miller , Lyndon , 76.
29.Dallek , Lone Star , 205.
30. Ibid. 205.
31. D. B. Hardeman Oral History, Feb. 26, 1969, LBJL.
32.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 155.
33.Miller , Lyndon , 81.
34. Willard Deason Oral History, III, Apr. 11, 1969, LBJL.
35. On the genuineness of Johnson’s misgivings, see Alvin Wirtz to Carl White, Apr. 12, 1941, LBJA Selected Names File, Wirtz, Box 37, LBJL.
36.Dugger , Politician , 226.
37.Dallek , Lone Star , 309.
38. “F.D.R. Picks Johnson to Defeat Dies,”Dallas Morning News , Mar. 23, 1941.
39.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 161.
40. Ibid., 160-161;Dallek , Lone Star , 210-211.
41. J. J. “Jake” Pickle Oral History, May 3, 1970, LBJL.
42.James Reston Jr. , The Lone Star: The Life of John Connally (New York, 1989), 59.
43. “‘Strikes Real Danger Here,’ Johnson Says,”Dallas Morning News , May 4, 1941.
44. Jake Pickle Oral History, I, May 31, 1970, LBJL; “Johnson for Starting Full Pension at 60,”Johnson City Record-Courier , June 2, 1941.
45.Dallek , Lone Star , 212.
46.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 164.
47. Ibid., 157.
48.Dallek , Lone Star , 1.
49.Miller , Lyndon , 83.
50.Connally , History’s Shadow , 108.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid.
53.Dallek , Lone Star , 214.
54. Marsh to Fulcher, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL.
55. Marsh to Fentress, Feb. 13, 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 20, LBJL.
56. Memo to L.B.J., Jan. 8, 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, LBJL.
57. This is a note on the letter on manic-depressives, n.d., 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL.
58. J. Willis Hurst Oral History II, Oct. 31, 1970, LBJL.
59. D. B. Hardeman Oral History, I, Feb. 26, 1969; Notes on telephone call; Wirtz, Young, Marsh, Apr. 11, 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL.
60.Dugger , Politician , 228.
61.Dallek , Lone Star , 216.
62.Dugger , Politician , 229.
63.Dallek ,Lone Star , 216.
64. “Johnson Leads in Campaign Contributions,”Dallas Morning News , June 27, 1941.
65. George Brown Oral History, I, LBJL.
66. Marsh to Fentress, Feb. 13, 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 20, LBJL.
67. Ibid.
68. Marsh to Fentress, Feb. 14, 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 20, LBJL.
69.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 164.
70.Dallek , Lone Star , 214.
71.Miller , Lyndon , 88.
72.Dugger , Politician , 230.
73.Dallek , Lone Star , 219.
74.Dugger , Politician , 230.
75. Ibid.
76. Ibid., 232.
77. See. Welly K. Hopkins to Lyndon, Apr. 29, 1949; C. W. Dickinson to David J. McDonald, Steel Workers Organizing Committee, June 11, 1941, Papers and Welly Hopkins Box 6, LBJA.
78.Miller , Lyndon , 83-84;Dallek , Lone Star , 217-218.
79.Dallek , Lone Star , 220.
80. “Lyndon Johnson Elected Senator,”Dallas Morning News , July 2, 1941.
81.John Connally , “ In Search of LBJ ,” inRobert L. Hardesty ed.,The Johnson Years: The Difference He Made (Austin, TX. 1993) 138; James Blundell Oral History, I, Oct. 29, 1974, LBJL.
82. Joe Frantz Oral History, I, Sept. 7, 1972, LBJL.
83.Dallek , Lone Star , 222.
84. Horace Busby Oral History, IV, July 29, 1988, LBJL.
85. John Singleton Oral History, I, July 5, 1983, LBJL.
86.Dallek , Lone Star , 223.
87. Marsh to Fentress, July 2, 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 20, LBJL.
88. Walter Jenkins Oral History, I, August 14, 1970, LBJL.
89.Dallek , Lone Star , 260.
90.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 181-182; Dugger, Politician, 235.
91.Miller , Lyndon , 88.
92. Ibid.
93.Dugger , Politician , 235.
94. Ibid.
95.Brown , Hood, Bonnet , 430.
96. See, for example, Southern Political Situations, Feb. 2, 1948, PP of Charles E. Marsh, Box 22. LBJL.
97. “That American Spirit … ,”Austin American Statesman , April 2, 1941.
98. Speech draft, n.d., 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL.
Chapter 8: War
1.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 135.
2. Ibid., 134.
3. Quoted inHoward Jones , The Course of American Diplomacy (New York, 1985), 363.
4.Dallek , Lone Star , 220.
5.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 186.
6.Miller , Lyndon , 89.
7.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 188.
8. Marsh to Lyndon, Oct. 13, 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL; LBJ to Connally, Nov. 7, 1941, LBJA Selected Names File, Connally, Box 15, LBJL.
9. Connally to Johnson, Nov. 25, 1941, and LBJ to Connally, Nov. 27, 1941, LBJA Selected Names File, Connally, Box 15, LBJL.
10. LBJ to Sam Houston, Nov. 19, 1941, Family Correspondence Box 2, LBJL.
11. Lyndon to Albertine, Nov. 5, 1941, Family Correspondence, Box 2, LBJL.
12. Mother to Lyndon, Nov. 17, 1941, and Lyndon to Mother, Nov. 5, 1941, Family Correspondence, Box 1, LBJL.
13. Charles K. Boatner Oral History, Dec. 17, 1968, LBJL.
14. LBJ to President, Dec. 8, 1941, LBJA Subject File, Naval Career, Box 73, LBJL.
15. Connally to Johnson, Jan. 9, 1942, LBJA Selected Names File, Connally, Box 15, LBJL.
16. Lady Bird to Uncle Sterling and Aunt Lucy, Feb. 27, 1942, Papers of Rebekah Johnson, Box 8, LBJL.
17. LBJ to Under Secretary of the Navy, Apr. 30, 1942, LBJA Subject File, Naval Career, Box 73, LBJL.
18.Dallek , Lone Star , 232.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Marsh to Hofheinz, Mar. 13, 1942, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL.
22. “Johnson Due to Enter Senate Race,”Dallas Morning News , May 13, 1942.
23. A. J. Wirtz to Lady Bird, May 16, 1942, LBJA Name File, Wirtz, Box 37, LBJL.
24. Marsh to Lyndon, May 20, 1942, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL.
25. Marsh to Lyndon, May 21, 1942, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL.
26. Lady Bird to Uncle Sterling and Aunt Lucy, Feb. 27, 1942, Papers of Rebekah B. Johnson, Box 8, LBJL.
27. Lady Bird to Ella Powell, Apr. 13, 1942, LBJA Subj. File, Mrs. Johnson, Box 74, LBJL.
28. Lady Bird Johnson Interview.
29. Marsh letter of Dec. 17, 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL.
30. Marsh to Lyndon, Apr. 21, 1942, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL.
31. LBJ Chronologies, 1937-1954, LBJL.
32.Dugger ,Politician , 241-242.
33.Dallek , Lone Star , 235.
34. LBJ Chronologies, 1937-1954, LBJL.
35. Marsh to Lyndon, n.d., 1941, PP÷C. Marsh, Box 2, LBJL.
36. LBJ Chronologies, 1937-1954, LBJL.
37.Dallek , Lone Star , 237.
38. Ibid., 217-218.
39. War Diary, June 5-26, 1942, LBJA Subject File, Naval Career, Box 73, LBJL.
40.Miller , Lyndon , 96.
41.Martin Caidin andEdward Hymoff , The Mission (Philadelphia, 1964), 124-125.
42. Ibid., 133.
43. Ibid., 146-147.
44. Ibid., 161.
45. Walter Gayle to LBJ, July 10, 1964, LBJA Subject File, Award of Silver Star, Box 74, LBJL.
46. War Diary, June 5-26, 1942, LBJA Subject File, Box 73, LBJL.
47. Caidin and Hymoff, Mission, 128.
48. LBJ to W. L. White, Feb. 8, 1943, LBJA Subject File, Naval Career, Box 73, LBJL.
49. War Diary, June 5-26, 1942, LBJA Subject File, Naval Career, Box 73, LBJL.
50. Lady Bird to Mrs. Johnson, June 14, 1942, Family Correspondence, Box 1, LBJL.
51. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 240.
52. War Diary, June 5-26, LBJA Subject File, Naval Career, LBJL.
53. Award of the Silver Star, June 18, 1942, LBJA Subject File, Naval Career, Box 73, LBJL.
54. LBJ to Adjutant General, July 15, 1942, LBJA Subject File, Award of Silver Star, Box 74, LBJL.
55.Dallek , Lone Star , 241.
56. Ibid., 240.
57. Ibid., 242.
58. “I did not find … ,” n.d., 1942, LBJA Subject File, Naval Career, Box 73, LBJL.
59.Dallek , Lone Star , 244.
60.John Morton Blum , V was for Victory: Politics and American Culture During World War II (New York, 1976), 5-6, 12-13, 117-121.
61.Dallek ,Lone Star , 245-246, 252-253.
62. James H. Rowe Jr. Oral History, May 10, 1983, LBJL.
63. R. M. Brown Oral History, I, Jan. 10, 1978, LBJL.
64.Reston , Lone Star , 85.
65.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 145.
66.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 201-202; “The Johnson Wealth,”Wall Street Journal , Mar. 23, 1964.
67. Clifford and Virginia Durr Oral History, II, Mar. 1, 1975, LBJL.
68. Paul Bolton Oral History, I, Apr. 6, 1981, LBJL;Miller , Lyndon , 107.
69. George Reedy Oral History, VIII, Aug. 16, 1983, LBJL.
70.Miller , Lyndon , 108.
71. LBJ to Weedin, Nov. 5, 1945, LBJA Selected Names File, Harfield Weedin, Box 22, LBJL;Dallek , Lone Star , 230.
72.Miller , Lyndon , 108.
73. Ibid.;Dallek , Lone Star , 230; LBJ to Rebekah, Apr. 16, 1943, Family Correspondence, Box 1, LBJL.
74.Dugger , Politician , 271.
75.Dallek , Lone Star , 251.
76. Rowe Oral History.
77.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 152.
78. Ibid., 147.
79. Ibid., 148.
80. LBJ to Gene, Dec. 16, 1943, Pre-Presidential Confidential File, Box 2, LBJL.
81.Miller , Lyndon , 103.
82.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 151.
83.Dallek ,Lone Star , 256.
84.Dugger , Politician , 259-260.
85.Davidson , Race and Class in Texas , 139.
86. Ibid., 160-161.
87. Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Webb to LBJ, June 8, 1943, PP÷Emma Webb, Box 1, LBJL.
88.Miller , Lyndon , 102.
89.Dallek , Lone Star , 260.
90. Wirtz to Watson, May 29, 1944, PP÷James C. Cain, Box 1, LBJL.
91.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 212.
92. Ibid., 212-213.
93. Ibid., 213.
94. Wirtz to Watson, May 29, 1944, PP÷James C. Cain, Box 1, LBJL.
95.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 217-218;John Connally in Hardesty, The Johnson Years , 142-143.
Chapter 9: Truman and the Coming of the Cold War
1.New York Times , Apr. 13, 1945.
2.Dugger , Politician , 263.
3. Quoted inJaneway , House of Roosevelt , 38.
4.Miller , Lyndon , 105.
5. Ibid.
6. Virginia “Jerry” Wilkie English Oral History, Mar. 3, 1982, LBJL.
7. Donald C. Cook Oral History, June 30, 1969, LBJL.
8. Ibid.
9.Dallek , Lone Star , 274.
10. Donald C. Cook Oral History, June 30, 1969, LBJL.
11. Quoted inJaneway , House of Roosevelt , 77.
12.Janeway , House of Roosevelt , 61.
13. Quoted inJones ,American Diplomacy , 42.
14.Congressional Record , 1946, 79th Congress, 2nd sess., A877-28;Dallek , Lone Star , 275.
15.Dallek , Lone Star , 291-292.
16. “Cong. Johnson Pledges Marshall Plan Support,”Austin American , Sept. 30, 1947.
17.Dallek , Lone Star , 295.
18. Johnson to Wirtz, Apr. 29, 1947, LBJA Selected Names File, Wirtz, Box 37, LBJL.
19. LBJ to A. J. Reinhard, Aug. 27, 1942, LBJA Selected Names File, Connally, Box 15, LBJL.
20.Pratt andCasteneda , Builders , 142-143.
21. Wirtz to Johnson, Feb. 6, 1948, LBJA Selected Names File, Wirtz, Box 37, LBJL.
22.Janeway , House of Roosevelt , 150.
23.Dallek , Lone Star , 276-277.
24.Quoted in Randall B. Woods , Quest for Identity: America since 1945 (New York, 2005), 17.
25. Lady Bird Johnson Interview.
26. For Marsh’s views on race and politics in the South, see Marsh to LBJ, Feb. 2, 1948, PP÷Charles E. Marsh, Box 22, LBJL.
27. Wirtz to Johnson, Feb. 6, 1948, LBJA Selected Names File, Wirtz, Box 37, LBJL.
28. Ibid.
29. Lady Bird Johnson Interview.
30. See LBJ to Paul Bolton, July 21, 1949, LBJA Selected Names File, Bolton, Box 12, LBJL.
31.Randall B. Woods , Fulbright: A Biography (New York, 1995), 116-117.
32. Charles Boatner Interview, June 5, 1979, NPS Oral Histories.
33. Horace Busby Oral History, IV, July 29, 1988, LBJL.
34. Horace Busby Oral History, V, Aug. 16, 1988, LBJL.
35.John L. Bullion , In the Boat with LBJ (Plano, TX, 2001), 19-20.
36. Albert D’Errico to G. W. Wentz, July 9, 1946, Family Correspondence, Box 2, LBJL.
37. G. M. Vincent to LBJ, Jan. 10, 1945, Family Correspondence, Box 2, LBJL.
38. LBJ to Albertine, Mar. 13, 1946, Family Correspondence, Box 2, LBJL.
39.Dallek , Lone Star , 278-279.
40. LBJ to Wirtz, Mar. 12, 1946, LBJA Selected Names File, Wirtz, Box 37, LBJL.
41. Busby Oral History, I, Apr. 23, 1981, LBJ.
42. Jake Pickle Oral History, I, May 31, 1970, LBJL;Dallek , Lone Star , 282-284.
43. Margaret Mayer Ward Oral History, Mar. 10, 1977, LBJL.
44. Ibid.
45. Pickle Oral History.
46. LBJ to Rowe, May 31, 1946, LBJA Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
47.Dallek , Lone Star , 285.
48. Pickle Oral History.
49. Ibid.
50.Marshall , Walking the Tightrope , 20;Dallek , Lone Star , 287.
51.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 154.
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid., 153.
54. Ibid., 153-154.
55.Joe Phipps , Summer Stock: Behind the Scenes with LBJ in ’48 (Fort Worth, TX, 1992), 37.
56. Ibid., 41.
57.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 105.
58.Frederickson , Dixiecrat Revolt , 4.
Chapter 10: Coke
1. Jake Pickle Oral History, II, June 17, 1970, LBJL.
2.Miller , Lyndon , 117.
3. Connally to Congressman, Mar. 12, 1948, LBJA Selected Names File, Connally, Box 16, LBJL.
4. Sam Houston Johnson Oral History, Apr. 14, 1976, LBJL.
5. Pickle Oral History, II.
6.Connally , In History’s Shadow , 114.
7. Horace Busby Oral History, II, Mar. 4, 1982, LBJL.
8.Connally , History’s Shadow , 113.
9.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 242.
10. Busby Oral History, II.
11. Ibid.
12. “Two Philosophies Involved In Race, Johnson Charges,”Austin American , Aug. 11, 1948.
13. Busby Oral History, II; Pickle Oral History, II.
14.Phipps , Summer Stock , 86.
15. Ibid., 85-86.
16. Mary to Mr. Johnson, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 1, LBJL; Pickle Oral History, II; Clifton C. Carter Oral History, I, Oct. 1, 1968, LBJL.
17.Phipps , Summer Stock , 3.
18. Willard Deason Oral History, I, Apr. 11, 1969, LBJL.
19.Phipps , Summer Stock , 100.
20. “Johnson Fires Issues to Senate Race,”Austin American , May 23, 1948.
21. Warren Woodward Oral History, I, June 3, 1968, LBJL.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.,Connally , History’s Shadow , 114-115.
24. Marsh to Lyndon, Oct. 22, 1947, PP÷Charles Marsh, Box 5, LBJL.
25. “Johnson Accepts Dallas Helicopter,”Austin American-Statesman , May 23, 1948.
26. Woodward Oral History, I.
27. Ibid.; Margaret Mayer Ward Oral History, I, Mar. 10, 1977, LBJL;Miller , Lyndon , 120.
28. Woodward Oral History, I.
29.Miller , Lyndon , 120.
30. Pickle Oral History.
31.Horace Busby , “ Reflections on a Leader ,” in The Johnson Presidency: Twenty Intimate Perspectives of Lyndon B. Johnson , ed.Kenneth W. Thompson (Lanham, MD, 1986), 258,Miller , Lyndon , 120-121.
32.Phipps , Summer Stock , 21.
33. Ibid., 114-115.
34. Ibid., 142.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid., 142-144.
37. Ibid., 144.
38. Ibid., 21.
39. Ibid., 120-121.
40. Ibid., 122-123.
41.Dallek , Lone Star , 306-307.
42.Phipps , Summer Stock , 172-173.
43.Dugger , Politician , 12-15.
44. Ibid., 315.
45.Dallek , Lone Star , 310-311.
46. Woodward Oral History, I.
47. Ibid.
48. “Marble Falls Dam Program Going Ahead, Johnson Says,”Austin American , July 9, 1946.
49. Busby Oral History, V.
50. Ibid.
51.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 248;Miller , Lyndon , 121.
52. Statement of Lyndon B. Johnson, Aug. 5, 1948, Press Release, n.d., 1948, PP÷Charles Marsh, Box 1, LBJL.
53. Busby Oral History, I.
54. “Johnson Sees Threat of Isolationism Returning,”Austin American , July 3, 1948.
55. Quoted in Dallek, Lone Star , 316.
56. Quoted in ibid., 319.
57. Busby Oral History II; Elizabeth Carpenter Oral History, Feb. 6, 1969, LBJL.
58. Drew Pearson Oral History, Apr. 10, 1969, LBJL.
59. Busby Oral History, III, LBJL.
60. Quoted inDugger , Politician , 319-320.
61.Phipps , Summer Stock , 146.
62. Ibid.
63.T. Harry Williams , “ Huey, Lyndon, and Southern Radicalism ,”Journal of American History (Sept. 1973), 60, 72.
64.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 253.
65. Ibid.
66.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 158-159.
67.Dugger , Politician , 320-321.
68. Charles Boatner Oral History, I, Dec. 17, 1968, LBJL.
69.Austin American , Aug. 28, 31, and Sept. 2.
70.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 258-259.
71.Connally , History’s Shadow , 117.
72.Miller , Lyndon , 124-125.
73. S. H. Johnson Oral History, Apr. 14, 1976, LBJL.
74.Dallek , Lone Star , 328.
75. S. H. Johnson Oral History.
76.Miller , Lyndon , 125.
77.Todd Copeland , “ The County Attorney’s Tale ,”Baylor Line (summer 2002): 23-29.
78. J. M. Rowe Oral History, I, Jan. 13, 1984, LBJL.
79. Ibid.
80.Dugger , Politician , 322-323;Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 259-260;Dallek , Lone Star , 328-329.
81.Miller , Lyndon , 125.
82.Dallek , Lone Star , 330.
83. J. M. Rowe Oral History, I.
84. “Witness Tells How LBJ ‘Stole’ Senate Election,”Austin American-Statesman , July 31, 1977.
85. “ ‘Didn’t Buy Votes,’ Johnson Declares,”Dallas Morning News , Sept. 7, 1948.
86.Miller , Lyndon , 128-129.
87. Rowe Oral History; “48 Senate Election ‘Was Stolen’ for LBJ, ex-Vote Judge Claims,”Houston Post , July 31, 1977,Copeland , “The County Attorney’s Tale,” 23-29.
88. J. Pickle Oral History II, June 17, 1970, LBJL.
89.Dallek , Lone Star , 335.
90. W. Jenkins Oral History, VIII, July 22, 1983, LBJL; John D. Cofer to Edward Johnson, Oct. 23, 1948, PP÷John D. Cofer, Box 1, LBJL.
91. H. Busby Oral History, IV, July 29, 1988, LBJL.
92. “Johnson Wins Party Nod as Senate Nominee, 29 to 28,”Dallas Morning News , Sept. 14, 1948;Miller , Lyndon , 128-129.
93. “Roaring Convention Certifies Johnson and Ousts Dixiecrats,”Austin American-Statesman , Sept. 15, 1948;Miller Lyndon , 130;Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 266;Dallek , Lone Star , 335-336.
94. Vernon Whiteside Oral History, I, Aug. 1, 1985, LBJL.
95.Dale Baum andJames L. Hailey , “ Johnson’s Victory: A Reappraisal ,”Political Science Quarterly , 109, no. 4 (Fall, 1994): 610.
96. Ibid. See also “Possible Election Irregularities Which Benefited Coke Stevenson, 1948,” Pre-Presidential Confidential File, Box 6, LBJL.
97.Baum andHailey , “ Johnson’s Victory ,” 609.
98. Ibid., 599.
99.Phipps , Summer Stock , 117-118.
Chapter 11: A Populist Gentlemen’s Club
1.Wayne Fields , Union of Words: A History of Presidential Eloquence (New York, 1996), 4-6.
2. Ibid., 5.
3.Frederickson , The Dixiecrat Revolt , 189.
4. Ibid., 4-7.
5.Dugger , Politician , 342-343.
6.Miller , Lyndon , 142.
7.Dugger , Politician , 342-343.
8.Dallek , Lone Star , 360; H. Busby Oral History V, Aug. 16, 1988, LBJL.
9. L. Carpenter Oral History, I, Feb. 6, 1969, LBJL.
10. “The fundament point is … ,” n.d., 1956, senate office files of George Reedy (hereafter SOF÷G. Reedy) Box 419.
11. D. B. Hardeman Oral History, II, Mar. 12, 1969, LBJL.
12. C. and V. Durr Oral History, II, Mar. 1, 1975, LBJL.
13. Connally to Congressman, Aug. 3, 1942, LBJA Selected Names File, Connally, Box 15, LBJL.
14.Dallek , Lone Star , 362.
15. Ibid., 361.
16. H. McPherson Oral History, III, LBJL.
17.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 277.
18. W. E. James Oral History, Feb. 17, 1978, I, LBJL.
19. Ibid.
20.Dallek , Lone Star , 352.
21. Ibid., 353.
22. McPherson Oral History, III.
23.Dallek , Lone Star , 354.
24. See G. Reedy Oral History, I, Dec. 12, 1968, LBJL.
25. SeeGilbert Fite , Richard B. Russell Jr., Senator from Georgia (Chapel Hill, NC, 1991).
26.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 289.
27.Dugger , Politician , 343.
28. B. Baker Oral History, III, Feb. 9, 1983, LBJL; C. Albert Oral History, II, June 10, 1969, LBJL.
29. B. Baker Oral History, III. See also Earl Clements Oral History, I, Nov. 24, 1974, LBJL.
30. McPherson Oral History, III. See also B. Baker Oral History, III, Dec. 9, 1983, LBJL.
31.Young , “ The Political Education of LBJ ,” 154.
32.Hubert H. Humphrey , The Education of a Public Man (New York, 1976), 124.
33. Ibid., 137.
34. McPherson Oral History, III.
35.Dallek , Lone Star , 379.
36. Ibid., 365.
37. H. Busby Oral History, V, Aug. 16, 1988, LBJL.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40.Dallek , Lone Star , 367.
41.Felton West , “ Always Before, LBJ Had Opposed Cloture ,”Houston Post , June 14, 1964.
42.Dallek , Lone Star , 368.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid., 369.
45. Ibid., 371.
46. Ibid., 372.
47. McPherson Oral History, III.
48. G. Reedy Oral History, VI, May 21, 1982, LBJL.
49. Ibid.
50. Ibid.
51. “Johnson Blasts Tidelands Talk,”Dallas Morning News , May 20, 1952. See also “Kerr KO’s Gas Consumer,”Dallas Morning News , Mar. 31, 1950.
52. G. Reedy Oral History, VIII, Aug. 16, 1983, LBJL.
53. J. L. Rauh Oral History, July 30, 1969, LBJL.
54.Dallek , Lone Star , 376.
55.Dugger , Politician , 354-355;Dallek , Lone Star , 372-377;Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 1160-1161.
56. Rauh Oral History.
57.Dallek , Lone Star , 376-377.
58.Miller , Lyndon , 145.
59.Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 164-165.
60.Dallek , Lone Star , 365.
61.Booth Mooney , LBJ: An Irreverent Chronicle (New York, 1976), 24-25.
62. Hubert H. Humphrey Oral History, Aug. 17, 1971, LBJL.
63.Dallek , Lone Star, 353.
64.Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 154-155.
65.Miller , Lyndon , 148.
66.Dallek , Lone Star , 355.
67.Miller , Lyndon , 149.
68. SeeClark Clifford withRichard Holbrooke , Counsel to the President: A Memoir (New York, 1991), 229.
69. Clark Clifford Oral History, I, Mar. 17, 1969, LBJL.
70. H. Busby Oral History, II, Mar. 4, 1982, LBJL.
71. G. Reedy Oral History, VIII, Aug. 16, 1983, LBJL.
72.Booth Mooney , “ As Floor Leader, LBJ Improvised ,”Dallas Morning News , Dec. 4, 1963.
73.Dallek , Lone Star , 383-384.
74.Richard A. Baker andRoger H. Davidson , eds., First among Equals: Outstanding Senate Leaders of the Twentieth Century (Washington, D.C., 1991), 204;Dallek , Lone Star , 384.
75.Mooney , “ As Floor Leader, LBJ Improvised .”
76.Dallek , Lone Star , 388-389.
77. Ibid., 389.
78. See Reed to Sen. Johnson, Jan. 22, 1952, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
79. Rostow to LBJ, n.d. (NSF) Memos to Pres, Box 24, LBJL.
80. R. G. Baker Oral History, Dec. 9, 1983, LBJL.
81.Dallek , Lone Star , 389.
82. R.G. Baker Oral History.
83.Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 188-189; Reedy Oral History, IV, May 21, 1982, LBJL; Carl Al-bert Oral History, II, June 10, 1969, LBJL.
84. “Johnson Urges West-South Tie,”Dallas Morning News , Oct. 12, 1951.
85. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 58.
86. Quoted in Ibid.
87. Reedy Oral History IV.
88. Ibid.
89. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 59.
90.Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 183-184.
91.Dallek , Lone Star , 399.
92. Reedy Oral History, IV.
93. Ibid.
94. Ibid.
95. B. Baker Oral History, III, Dec. 9, 1983, LBJL.
96. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 59.
97. Don Thomas Oral History, June 3, 1991, LBJL.
98. Ibid.
99. Ibid.
100.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 160.
101. Leonard Marks Oral History, June 15, 1970, LBJL.
102. Don Cook Oral History, June 3, 1991, LBJL.
103.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 163-164.
104. Ibid., 164.
105.Louis W. Kohlmeier et. al., “ Lyndon’s Pals: His Hometown Coterie Wheels and Deals in Land and Broadcasting ,”Wall Street Journal , Aug. 11, 1964.
106. Ibid.
107. Ibid.
108.Dallek , Lone Star , 415.
109. Ibid. 410-411.
110. Reed to Sen. Johnson, Aug. 14, 1952, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
111.Hal K. Rothman , LBJ’s Texas White House: “Our Heart’s Home” (College Station, TX, 2001), 40-43.
112.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 161.
113.Rothman , Texas White House , 45.
114. Ibid., 46.
115. Lady Bird Johnson Interview.
116. Ibid.
117.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 162.
118.Rothman , Texas White House , 57-58.
119.Dallek , Lone Star , 409.
120.Phipps , Summer Stock , 74.
121.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 154-155.
122. Ibid.
123.Dallek , Lone Star , 407-408.
124.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 165-167.
Chapter 12: Leader
1. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 406.
2.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 323.
3. D. B. Hardeman Oral History, Feb. 26, 1969, LBJL.
4.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 324.
5.Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 194-195.
6. Ibid., 198.
7. Johnson and Hart Conversation, Apr. 22, 1952, Notes and Transcripts of LBJ Conversations, Box 1, LBJ Papers, LBJL.
8. Johnson and Shivers Conversation, June 11, 1952, Notes and Transcripts of Johnson Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
9.Dugger , Politician , 340.
10. Johnson and Shivers Conversation, June 11, 1952.
11.Dugger , Politician , 340. See also LBJ to Mother, Family Correspondence, June 10, 1952, Box 1, LBJL.
12.Dugger , Politician , 341.
13.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 325.
14. Ibid., 325-326.
15.Davidson , Race and Class in Texas Politics , 162.
16.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 327.
17. Ibid.
18.Dallek , Lone Star , 418-419;Dugger , Politician , 374-375;Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 326-327.
19.D. B. Hardeman andDonald C. Bacon , Rayburn: A Biography (Austin, TX, 1987), 364-365. See also Reedy Oral History, VIII, Aug. 16, 1983, LBJL.
20.Dallek , Lone Star , 419.
21. Booth Mooney Oral History, Apr. 8, 1969, LBJL.
22. S. H. Johnson Oral History, IV, June 15, 1976, LBJL.
23. Charles K. Boatner Oral History, Dec. 17, 1968, B. Baker Oral History, IV, Feb. 29, 1984, LBJL.
24. “Johnson Holds Popular Edge with Texas Voters,”Austin American-Statesman , Dec. 12, 1952.
25. “Shivers to Challenge Johnson?”Dallas Times-Herald , Nov. 12, 1952.
26.Mooney , Irreverent Chronicle , 13.
27.Dugger , Politician , 379.
28. S. H. Johnson Oral History, Apr. 13, 1976, LBJL.
29.Dugger , Politician , 379-380.
30. Joe Rauh Oral History, July 30, 1969, LBJL;Drew Pearson , “ Democratic Friction ,” Austin American-Statesman , Nov. 20, 1952.
31. Walter Jenkins to Sen. Johnson, Nov. 13, 1952, LBJA Names File, Jenkins, Box 32, LBJL.
32. Johnson and Stevenson Conversation, Nov. 20, 1952, Notes and Transcripts of Johnson Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
33.Humphrey , Public Man , 163.
34. Ibid., 163-164; S. H. Johnson Oral History.
35. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 425.
36.Humphrey , Public Man , 164-165.
37. Nadine Eckhardt Oral History, Feb. 22, 1984, LBJL.
38. Reedy Oral History, VIII.
39.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 139.
40.Time , June 22, 1953.
41. Reedy Oral History, VIII.
42. Ibid.
43. Reedy to Senator Johnson, n.d., 1953, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
44. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 437.
45.Mooney , Irreverent Chronicle , 12-13.
46. Reedy to Senator Johnson, Nov. 6, 1952, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
47. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 420, LBJL.
48. Reedy Memo to Senator Johnson, Nov. 7, 1958, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 427, LBJL.
49. McPherson Oral History, III.
50. Ibid.
51. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, May 21, 1953, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 2, LBJL.
52. S. H. Johnson Oral History, III.
53.Baker andDavidson , First among Equals , 207.
54. B. Baker Oral History, II.
55. Reedy Oral History, VII.
56.Miller , Lyndon , 157.
57.Baker andDavidson , First among Equals , 213.
58.Dallek , Lone Star , 429.
59. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, 1954, n.d., SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
60. Reedy Oral History, I.
61.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 121.
62. Ibid., 124.
63. Reedy Oral History I.
64. Harry McPherson Oral History, IX, Feb. 7, 1986, LBJL.
65.Evans andNovak , Exercise of Power , 104.
66.Baker andDavidson , First among Equals , 215.
67.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 128.
68. Ibid.
69. Luci Baines Johnson, interview with author, Aug. 17, 2000, Austin, Texas.
70.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 130.
71. McPherson Oral History, III.
72. Gerald Siegel Oral History, I, May 26, 1969.
73. Steele to Williamson, Mar. 4, 1958, Steele Papers, Box 1, LBJL.
74.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 349.
75. Ibid.
76. Ibid., 349-350.
77. Gerald Siegel Oral History, III, Feb. 11, 1977, LBJL.
78. Reedy Oral History, V.
79. Walter Jenkins Oral History, III, Sept. 23, 1976, LBJL.
80. Reedy Oral History, V.
81.Stephen Ambrose , Eisenhower: The President (New York, 1983), 164.
82. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 90.
83. Quoted in ibid.
84.Miller , Lyndon , 166-167.
85. Reedy to Senator Johnson, n.d., 1953, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
86. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 452.
87.Miller , Lyndon , 173.
88. Ibid., 163.
89. Hubert H. Humphrey Oral History, II, June 20, 1977, LBJL.
90. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1953, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
91. Eisenhower and Clay Conversation, Feb. 25, 1954, Dwight D. Eisenhower Diary, Box 5, Eisenhower Library.
92. Reedy Oral History, III.
93.Miller , Lyndon , 170.
94. LBJ and Friendly Conversation, Jan. 19, 1953, Notes and Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
95. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1954, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
96. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 69.
97. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Jan.-Nov. 1954, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL,Dallek , Lone Star , 455-456.
98. John Steele to Williamson, Dec. 2, 1954, Steele Papers, Box 1, LBJL, Reedy to Johnson, Nov. 29, 1954, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 2, LBJL.
99.Miller , Lyndon , 173.
100. J. Rauh Oral History, July 30, 1969, LBJL.
101. B. Baker Oral History, I, Oct. 23, 1974.
102. Reedy to Sen Johnson, n.d., 1953, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
Chapter 13: Passing the Lord’s Prayer
1. Ralph Huitt to G. Reedy, Mar. 29, 1954, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 412, LBJL.
2. Charles K. Boatner Oral History, Dec. 17, 1968, LBJL.
3. James H. Rowe Oral History, Sept. 16, 1969, II, LBJL.
4. Harry McPherson Oral History, VII, May 16, 1985, LBJL.
5. Mary to Sen. Johnson, Apr. 14, 1953, LBJA, Selected Names File, Box 32, LBJL.
6. George Reedy Oral History, Dec. 12, 1968, LBJL.
7.Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 240-241.
8. “Lyndon Says He Will Run Again in 1954,”Austin American-Statesman , Oct. 2, 1953.
9. John Singleton Oral History, II, July 15, 1983, II, LBJL.
10. George Reedy Oral History, Dec. 12, 1968, LBJL.
11. “Sen. Johnson’s Popularity with Both Factions Grows,”Austin American-Statesman , Sept. 6, 1953.
12.Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 214.
13.Ann Feans Crawford , Frankie: Mrs. R. D. Randolph and Texas Liberal Politics (Austin, 1999), 33-37.
14.Dallek , Lone Star , 441.
15.Davidson , Race and Class in Texas Politics , 162.
16.Crawford , Frankie , 24.
17. D. B. Hardeman Oral History, I, Feb. 26, 1969, LBJL.
18. Warren Woodward Oral History, II, May 26, 1969, LBJL.
19. Ibid.
20.Davidson , Race and Class in Texas Politics , 163.
21. Looney to LBJ, Feb. 5, 1954, LBJA Selected Names File Everett Looney, Box 25, LBJL.
22. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, May 27, 1954, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 2, LBJL; Reedy to Lloyd Croslin, July 7, 1954, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 412, LBJL.
23.Dallek , Lone Star , 449.
24.Young , “ Political Education of LBJ ,” 249.
25. Ibid., 250.
26.Dallek , Lone Star , 451.
27.Reston , Lone Star , 171.
28.Robert A. Calvert andArnoldo De Leon , The History of Texas (Wheeling, Ill., 1996), 387-388; Jake Pickle Oral History, III, Mar. 1, 1971, LBJL.
29. LBJ and Shivers Conversation, Nov. 15, 1954, Notes and Transcripts of Johnson Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
30. Reedy Oral History, VII, May 24, 1983, LBJL.
31.Dallek , Lone Star , 463.
32. Reedy Oral History, I, Dec. 12, 1968, LBJL.
33.Dallek , Lone Star , 470.
34.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 133-134.
35.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 397.
36. Reedy to LBJ, July 2, 1953, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
37. Robert G. Baker Oral History, VI, July 24, 1984, LBJL.
38. B. Baker Oral History, Oct. 23, 1974, LBJL.
39.Dallek , Lone Star , 477.
40. Gerald Siegel Oral History, IV, June 17, 1977, LBJL.
41.Miller , Lyndon , 179.
42. LBJ and Kefauver Conversation, Jan. 11, 1955, Notes and Transcripts of LBJ Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
43. Reedy, Oral History, VIII.
44.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 143.
45. Political Labels, Horace Busby, Feb. 9, 1959, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 462, LBJL.
46.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 393.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid., 395.
49. Siegel Oral History, III, Feb. 11, 1977, LBJL.
50. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1955, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.; B. Baker Oral History, VI, July 24, 1984, LBJL.;Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 395-396;Dallek , Lone Star , 468-469.
51.Dallek , Lone Star , 481-482.
52. Reedy, Oral History, VIII. Aug. 16, 1983, LBJL.
53.Dallek , Lone Star , 482.
54. Reedy Oral History, I, Dec. 12, 1968, LBJL.
55. Steele to Williamson, June 9, 1955, Steele Papers, Box 1, LBJL.
56.Miller , Lyndon , 178.
57. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Nov. 5, 1954, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
58.Miller , Lyndon , 177.
59. Ibid.
60.Dallek , Lone Star , 483.
61.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 170.
62. Ibid.
63. Mary Margaret Wiley Valenti, Oral History, III, May 2, 1984, LBJL.
64.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 170.
65. Nadine Brammer Eckhardt, Oral History, I, Feb. 22, 1984 I, LBJL.
66.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 170-171.
67. Ibid., 168.
68. Ibid., 169.
69. Ibid., 172.
70. Ibid., 174.
71. Ibid., 172.
72. Ibid., 174.
73. Margaret Mayer Ward Oral History, I, Mar. 10, 1977, LBJL.
74.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 174.
75.Dallek , Lone Star , 355.
76. Ibid., 356.
77. Horace Busby Oral History, Apr. 23, 1981, LBJL.
78. Ibid.
79.Dallek , Lone Star , 356.
80.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 172-173.
Chapter 14: Back from the Edge
1.Lyndon B. Johnson , “ My Heart Attack Taught Me How to Live ,”American Magazine , July 1956.
2.Pratt andCasteneda , Builders , 176-177.
3. Elizabeth Carpenter Oral History, I, Feb. 6, 1969, LBJL;Dallek , Lone Star , 485.
4.Miller , Lyndon , 181.
5. George R. Brown Oral History, II, Aug. 6, 1969, LBJL.
6.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 175.
7.Miller , Lyndon , 181.
8.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 175. See also Heart Attack, Business, Family, 1955, LBJ Handwriting File, Box 8, LBJL.
9.Dallek , Lone Star , 486.
10. L. B. Johnson Oral Interview, March 29-April 2, 1993, NPS Oral Histories.
11. See Willis Hurst Oral History, VI, Oct. 3, 1995, LBJL.
12. George Reedy Oral History, VIII, Aug. 8, 1983, LBJL.
13.Miller , Lyndon , 182.
14.Booth Mooney , “ Heart Attack Brings LBJ a New Way of Life ,”Dallas Morning News , Dec. 16, 1965.
15.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 176.
16. Reedy Oral History, VIII, Aug. 16, 1983, LBJL.
17. Ibid.
18.Miller , Lyndon , 182-183.
19. Reedy Oral History, VIII, Aug. 16, 1883, LBJL.
20.Miller , Lyndon , 182.
21. Mary Rather Oral History, Dec. 10, 1974, LBJL.
22. Reedy Oral History, VIII, Aug. 16, 1983, LBJL.
23.American Magazine , July 1956.
24.Mooney , “ Heart Attack Brings LBJ a New Way of Life ”;Willard Deason , Oral History, III, LBJL .
25. Mary Rather Oral History, Dec. 10, 1974 , LBJL.
26.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 178.
27. Ibid.
28. B. Baker to Sen. Johnson, Oct. 4, 1955, Pre-Presidential Confidential File, Box 1, LBJ Papers, LBJL.
29.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 422.
30. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Sept. 30, 1955, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 3, LBJL.
31. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1955, SOF÷G. Reedy Box 415, LBJL.
32.Dallek , Lone Star , 490-491.
33. Mary Rather Oral History, Dec. 10, 1974, LBJL.
34. Reedy Oral History, VIII, Aug. 16, 1983, LBJL.
35. LBJ to Bobby, Nov. 26, 1955, Pre-Presidential Confidential File, Box 1, LBJ Papers, LBJL.
36. Corcoran to LBJ, Nov. 22, 1955, LBJA, Selected Names File, Corcoran, Box 32, LBJL.
37. Rowe to LBJ, May 7, 1956, LBJA, Selected Names File, Box 32, LBJL.
38. Reedy Oral History, VIII, Aug. 16, 1983, LBJL.
39. Carl Albert Oral History, I, Apr. 28, 1969, LBJL.
40. Quoted inSidney M. Milkis , The President and the Parties: The Transformation of the American Party System Since the New Deal (New York, 1993), 193.
41. Rowe to Bird, Nov. 8, 1955, LBJA Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
42. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1955, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 421, LBJL.
43. Rowe to Sen. Johnson, Apr. 4, 1956, LBJA Selected Names File, Box 32, LBJL.
44. B. Baker Oral History, VII.
45. B. Mooney Oral History, I, April 8, 1969, LBJL.
46. Harny McPherson Oral History, VII, May 16, 1985.
47. H. McPherson Oral History, III.
48. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 91.
49. Quoted in ibid.
50. Rowe Oral History, I.
51.Randall B. Woods , Fulbright: A Biography (New York, 1995), 208.
52. Ervin Draft, Southern Manifesto, Papers of Richard Russell, University of Georgia, 1956.
53. Holland-Fulbright-Daniel-Sparkman revision, 1956 Southern Manifesto, Russell Papers, U. of Georgia.
54. Quoted inHaynes Johnson andBernard M. Gwertzman , Fulbright: The Dissenter (New York, 1968), 170, 171.
55.Dallek , Lone Star , 496.
56. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1955, Box 415, LBJL.
57.Miller , Lyndon , 187.
58. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1956, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 419, LBJL.
59.Dallek , Lone Star , 497.
60. Ibid., 497-498.
61.Reston , Lone Star , 171-172.
62. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Aug. 23, 1956, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 4, LBJL.
63. Johnson to Rowe, Oct. 28, 1955, and Rowe to Johnson Oct. 26, 1955, LBJA Selected Names File, Box 32, LBJL.
64.Dallek , Lone Star , 500.
65.Willie Morris , North Toward Home , (Boston, 1967), 244-245.
66. G. Reedy Oral History, Dec. 12, 1968, LBJL.
67.Reston , Lone Star , 173-174.
68. Ibid., 178-179.
69. Ibid., 178.
70.Davidson , Race and Class in Texas Politics , 164; Cecil Burney Oral History, I, Nov. 26, 1968, LBJL.
71. John Singleton Oral History, II, July 15, 1983, LBJL.
72.Dallek , Lone Star , 501.
73. Ibid.
74.Miller , Lyndon , 195-196.
75.Dallek , Lone Star , 502.
76. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1956, Pre-Presidential Memos File, Box 4, LBJL.
77. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Aug. 13, 1956, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 4, LBJL.
78. Elizabeth Carpenter Oral History, I, Feb. 6, 1969, LBJL.
79. Rowe to LBJ, Aug. 11, 1956, LBJA, Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
80. Rowe to Sen. Johnson, Apr. 12, 1956, LBJA, Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
81. J. Rowe Oral History, Sept. 9, 1969, LBJL.
82.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 438.
83. Ibid.
84.Miller , Lyndon , 199.
85. Rowe Oral History, I, Sept. 9, 1969, LBJL.
86. Clifton C. Carter Oral History, I, Oct. 1, 1968, LBJL.
87.Dallek , Lone Star , 504.
88. LBJ and John Sparkman Conversation, Sept. 17, 1956, Notes and Transcripts of Pre-Presidential Conversations, LBJL.
89. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Oct. 19, 1956, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 4, LBJL.
90. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Oct. 15, 1956, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 4, LBJL.
91.Dallek , Lone Star , 511.
92.Miller , Lyndon , 200.
93. Ibid., 201.
94. Tree to Rowe, Feb. 15, 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 423, LBJL.
95. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 419, LBJL.
96. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1956, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 419, LBJL; H. McPherson Oral History, VIII, Nov. 20, 1985, LBJL.
Chapter 15: Containing the Red-Hots: From Dulles to the Dixie Association
1.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 446.
2.Randall B. Woods , “ Bipartisanship ,” in Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy , eds.Alexander De-Conde et al., Vol. 1 (New York, 2002), 155.
3. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 421, LBJL.
4. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Speech Text, n.d., 1953, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
5.Dallek , Lone Star , 433.
6. Legislative Leadership Meeting, Feb. 165, 1953, Whitman Files, Leg. Meeting Series, Box 1, DDE Papers, DDEL.
7. LBJ and Dulles Conversation, Mar. 3, 1953, Notes and Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
8. George Reedy Oral History, V, Oct. 27, 1982, LBJL; Legislative Leadership Meetings, Feb. 16 and Mar. 2, 1953, Whitman Files, Leg. Meet. Series, Box 1, DDE Papers, DDEL.
9. Quoted inWoods , Fulbright , 191.
10.Miller , Lyndon , 158.
11. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1954, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
12. Memo of Bipartisan Briefing of Cong. Leaders on Foreign Policy, Nov. 17, 1954, Whitman Files, Leg. Meeting Series, Box 1, DDE Papers, DDEL.
13. Dulles and Adams Conversation, May 8, 1956, Telephone Call Series, Dulles Papers, Box 11, DDEL.
14.Dallek , Lone Star , 436.
15.B. Baker , Oral History, V , May 2, 1984, LBJL. See also Gerry Siegel Oral History, I, May 26, 1969, LBJL.
16. Memo of Bipartisan Briefing of Cong. Leaders on Foreign Policy, Nov. 17, 1954, Whitman Files, Leg. Meet. Series, Box 1, DDE Papers, DDEL.
17. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, May 10, 1954, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
18. Memorandum on Air Defense, May 21, 1953, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 2, LBJL.
19. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1953, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
20. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Apr. 13, 1953, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 4132, LBJL; LBJ to Sec. of Defense Charles Wilson, Sept. 8, 1955, White House Central File (hereafter WHCF), Alpha File, Box 1599, DDE Papers, DDEL.
21. See DDE and Dulles Conversation, Apr. 5, 1954, DDE Diary, Box 5, DDE Papers, DDEL.
22. Eisenhower and Walter Beedle Smith Conversation, Apr. 24, 1954, DDE Diary, Box 5, DDE Papers, DDEL.
23. Rowe to Johnson, Apr. 29, 1954, LBJA, Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
24. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, May 11, 1954, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
25. G. Reedy OH, VI, May 23, 1983, LBJL.
26. See Memorandum for the Record, June 23, 1954, Whitman Files, Leg. Meeting Series, Box 1, DDE Papers, DDEL.
27.Dallek , Lone Star , 444.
28. Chester Bowles to LBJ, Dec. 1, 1955, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 3, LBJL;Woods , Fulbright , 220-221.
29. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Dec. 5, 1955, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 3, LBJL.
30.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 476.
31. Ibid., 476-477.
32. Eisenhower and Dulles Conversation, Sept. 23 and Nov. 29, 1955, Telephone Call Series, Box 11, Dulles Papers, DDEL.
33. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 114.
34. See Eisenhower and Dulles Conversation, Sept. 7, 1956, Box 18, DDE Diaries, DDEL.
35. Rayburn and Dulles Conversation, Aug. 8, 1956, Telephone Call Series, Box 5, Papers of John Foster Dulles, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library (hereafter DDEL).
36. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1956, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 419, LBJL.
37. “Dean Acheson on the Suez Crisis,” Rowe to Johnson, n.d., LBJA, Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL; Acheson and LBJ Conversation, Feb. 19, 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 421, LBJL.
38. Notes by Senator Johnson for meeting with the President, Aug. 12, 1956, LBJA, Selected Names File, Box 32, LBJL.
39. LBJ’s Notes at Dulles’s House, n.d., 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 421, LBJL.
40.Woods , Fulbright , 221.
41. See G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 420, LBJL.
42. LBJ and Dulles Conversation, Feb. 26, 1957, Telephone Call Series, Box 6, Dulles Papers, DDEL.
43.Dallek , Lone Star , 512; Knowland and Dulles Conversation, Jan. 28, 1957, Telephone Call Series, Box 6, Dulles Papers, DDEL.
44. Reedy to LBJ, Aug. 12, 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 420, LBJL; Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1956, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 421, LBJL.
45.Byron C. Hulsey , Everett Dirksen and His Presidents (Lawrence, KS, 2000), 19.
46.Miller , Lyndon , 205-207.
47. Rowe to Lyndon Johnson, July 3, 1957, LBJA, Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
48.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 153-154.
49. G. Reedy Oral History, VIII, LBJL.
50. H. McPherson Oral History, May 16, 1985, LBJL.
51.Dewey W, Grantham , The South in Modern America: A Region at Odds (New York, 1994), 214-215.
52. Ibid., 121.
53. Rowe to Sen. Johnson, July 1956, LBJA, Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
54. Rowe to Lyndon Johnson, July 3, 1957, LBJA, Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
55. G. Reedy Oral History, VIII, LBJL.
56.Clinton P. Anderson , withMilton Viorst , Outsider in the Senate: Senator Clinton Anderson’s Memoirs (New York, 1970), 14-45; Nixon and Dulles Conversation, Jan. 2, 1957, and Hill and Dulles Conversation, Jan. 3, 1957, Telephone Call Series, Box 6, Dulles Papers, DDEL.
57. B. Baker Oral History, III, Dec. 9, 1983; McPherson Oral History, VII, LBJL; Nixon and Dulles Conversation, Jan. 2, 1957, Telephone Call Series, Dulles Papers, Box 6, DDEL; Reedy to Sen. Johnson, n.d., 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 420, LBJL.
58.Dallek , Lone Star , 520-521.
59.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 156-157.
60.Dallek , Lone Star , 522.
61. Leg. Leadership Meeting, Aug. 13, 1957, Whitman Files, Leg. Meeting Series, Box 2, DDE Papers, DDEL.
62.Miller , Lyndon , 206.
63. See, for example, Fortas to Johnson, Aug. 20, 1957, LBJA, Selected Names File, Fortas, Box 18, LBJL.
64.Anderson , Outsider in the Senate , 146-147.
65.Dallek , Lone Star , 524.
66.Miller , Lyndon , 200.
67. G. Reedy Oral History, III, June 7, 1975, LBJL.
68. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Aug. 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 420, LBJL;Dallek , Lone Star , 524-525.
69.Dallek , Lone Star , 525.
70. Legislative Leadership Meeting, July 23 and July 30, 1957, Whitman Files, Leg. Meeting Series, Box 2, DDE Papers, DDEL.
71. Joe Rauh to Walter Reuther, Mar. 4, 1959, Box 36, Rauh Papers, Library of Congress.
72. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 526.
73. Ibid.
74.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 158.
75. Ibid.
76.Harry McPherson , A Political Education (Boston, 1972), 97-98.
77.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 159.
78. McPherson Oral History, VII, May 16, 1985, LBJL.
79.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 159.
80. Corcoran to Reedy, Feb. 18, 1960, Box 427, OF÷G. Reedy, LBJL.
Chapter 16: Lost in Space
1. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 117.
2.Goodwin , American Dream , 151.
3.Robert A. Divine , The Sputnik Challenge (New York, 1993), xvi.
4. Ibid., xv.
5. Ibid.
6. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Oct. 17, 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 420, LBJL.
7.Dallek , Lone Star , 530.
8.Divine , Sputnik , 21-22.
9. Ibid., 56-58; Legislative Leadership Meeting, May 14, 1957, Whitman Files, Leg. Meeting Series, Box 2, DDE Papers; DDE and McElroy Conversation, Nov. 21, 1957, DDE Diaries, Box 29, DDE Papers, DDEL.
10.Divine , Sputnik , 38, 41.
11. Legislative Leadership Meeting, June 24, 1958, Whitman File, Leg. Meeting Series, Box 3, DDE Papers, DDEL.
12. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Oct. 17, 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 420, LBJL.
13. G. Reedy to LBJ, n.d., 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 421, LBJL.
14. Fortas to LBJ, Jan. 16, 1958, LBJA, Selected Names File, Fortas, Box 16, LBJL.
15.Divine , Sputnik , 65; Eisenhower and Strauss Conversation, Nov. 25, 1957, DDE Diaries, Box 29, DDEL.
16. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Dec. 1, 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 421, LBJL.
17.Divine , Sputnik , 71.
18.Miller , Lyndon , 216.
19.Robert A. Divine , ed., The Johnson Years, Vol. II: Vietnam, the Environment, and Science (Lawrence, KS., 1987), 222-225.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., 226-228.
22. Rowe to LBJ, Nov. 21, 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 421, LBJL.
23. Legislative Leadership Meeting, Feb. 4, 1958, Whitman File, Leg. Meeting Series, Box 3, DDE Papers, DDEL.
24.Divine , Johnson Years , 228.
25. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Jan. 1958, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 428, LBJL.
26.Dallek , Lone Star , 534-535.
27. Wilson to Weisl, Nov. 22, 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 421, LBJL.
28. Wilson to Siegel, Dec. 7, 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 421, LBJL.
29. Dulles and Johnson Conversation, Feb. 27, 1958, Telephone Call Series, Box 8, Dulles Papers; Legislative Leadership Meeting, June 17, 1958, Whitman File, Leg. Meeting Series, Box 3, DDE Papers, DDEL.
30.Time , Mar. 17, 1958, 15-18.
31. Ibid.
32. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Apr. 14, 1958, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 428, LBJL.
33. Rowe to LBJ, Mar. 21, 1958, LBJA, Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
34. Mother to Lyndon, Mar. 22, 1958, Family Correspondence, Box 1, LBJL.
35. Lyndon to Mother, Jan. 29, 1958, Family Correspondence, Box 1, LBJL.
36. G. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Jan. 16, 1958, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 427, LBJL.
37. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Apr. 18, 1958, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 427, LBJL.
38. Reedy to LBJ, May 13, 1958, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 427, LBJL.
39.Miller , Lyndon , 15.
40. Sam Houston Johnson Oral History, June 9, 1976, III, LBJL; Lyndon to Mama, July 24, 1957, Family Correspondence, Box 1, LBJL.
41. Lyndon to Mother, Family Correspondence, Box 1, LBJL.
42.Dallek ,Lone Star , 537.
43. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Mar. 1957, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 420, LBJL.
44. Ibid.
45. Rowe to Sen. Johnson, Apr. 30, 1958, LBJA Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
46. George Reedy to Senator Johnson, Apr. 16, 1958, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 6, LBJL.
47. Joseph Rauh Oral History, July 30, 1969, LBJL.
48. “Lyndon’s Effect on Liberalism,”Texas Observer , May 30, 1959.
49. “Q and A for LBJ,”Texas Observer , Aug. 9, 1957.
50. “Lyndon’s Two Faces,”Texas Observer , Dec. 13, 1957.
51. Wechsler to Rowe, May 14, 1958, LBJA, Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
52. Ibid.
53. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, June 5, 1958, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 428, LBJL.
54. See Jim Rowe to James A. Wechsler, June 20, 1958, LBJA Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
55. George Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Sept. 21, 1958, Pre-Presidential Memo File Box 6, LBJL.
56.Rothman , Texas White House , 80-81.
57.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 489-490.
58. Ibid.
59. Earle Clements Oral History, Oct. 24, 1974, LBJL; Warren Woodward Oral History, II, May 26, 1969, LBJL.
60.Ambrose , Eisenhower , 488.
61. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 539.
62. George Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Feb. 28, 1959, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 429, LBJL.
63.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 495-497.
64. Horace Busby to Sen. Johnson, Jan. 1959, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 428, LBJL.
65.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 486.
66. “Johnson’s Power Rockets to New Summit,”Dallas Morning News , Jan. 11, 1959.
67.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 505.
68. Steele to Williamson, Nov. 12, 1958, Steele Papers, LBJL.
69.Donald Grant , “ Senator Johnson Bedazzles ’Em ,”St. Louis Post Dispatch , Nov. 19, 1958.
70.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 163.
71. Political Labels, Horace Busby, Feb. 9, 1959, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 462, LBJL.
72.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 163.
73. Ibid., 162-163.
74. Political Labels, Horace Busby, Feb. 9, 1959, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 462, LBJL.
75.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 165.
76. B. Baker to Leader, Sept. 20, 1957 and Oct. 14, 1957, Pre-Presidential Confidential File, Box 1, LBJL.
77.Stewart Alsop , “ Lyndon Johnson: How Does He Do It? ,” Saturday Evening Post , Jan. 24, 1959.
78. Walter Jenkins to Sen. Johnson, May 21, 1959, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 426, LBJL; Powell and LBJ Conversation Mar. 19, 1959, Notes and Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
79. Rowe to Lyndon, Jan. 17, 1959, LBJA Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
80. Daniel K. Inouye Oral History, Apr. 18, 1969, LBJL.
81.Miller , Lyndon , 219-221.
82. See Reedy to Senator Johnson, 1954, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
83.Miller , Lyndon , 221.
84. Earl Clements Oral History, III, Dec. 6, 1977, LBJL.
85. Harry McPherson Oral History, VIII, Nov. 20, 1985, LBJL.
86. Carroll Kilpatrick Oral History, July 18, 1978, LBJL.
87. Ibid.
88. Reedy to Senator Johnson, 1954, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 413, LBJL.
89. Mooney to Jenkins, May 7, 1959, PP÷ Booth Mooney, Box 1, LBJL.
90. “The Johnson Image,” May 1959,Belden Poll , SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 426, LBJL.
91. Buzz to Reedy, May 22, 1959, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 426, LBJL.
92. George to Sen. Johnson, Sept. 29, 1959, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 430, LBJL.
Chapter 17: 1960
1.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 510.
2. Ibid.
3.Rothman , Western White House , 83-85.
4.Pratt andCasteneda , Builders , 184.
5. “LBJ Presidential Aim First Evident on Isle,”Houston Post , Dec. 30, 1963.
6.Laura Kalman , Abe Fortas: A Biography (New Haven, CT, 1990), 209.
7.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 511.
8. Ibid., 513.
9. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Mar. 21, 1960, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 6, LBJL.
10.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 512.
11. Joseph Rauh Oral History, II, Aug. 1, 1969, LBJL.
12.Humphrey , Education of a Public Man , 215-216.
13.James W. Hilty , Robert F. Kennedy: Brother Protector (Philadelphia, 1997), 144.
14. Rauh Oral History, II.
15. James H. Rowe Oral History, II, May 10, 1983, LBJL.
16.Miller , Lyndon , 242.
17. Gerald Siegel Oral History, I, June 9, LBJL.
18. Johnson and Arbogast Conversation, May 24, 1960, Notes and Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
19. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 570-571.
20.Miller , Lyndon , 242.
21. John Singleton Oral History, II, July 15, 1983, LBJL.
22.Miller , Lyndon , 242.
23.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 243;Miller , Lyndon , 243-244. See also James Blundell Oral History, Oct. 29, 1974, LBJL.
24. Rowe Oral History, II.
25.Dallek , Lone Star , 559.
26.Jeff Shesol , Mutual Contempt: Lyndon Johnson, Robert Kennedy, and the Feud That Defined a Decade (New York, 1997), 38.
27. Ibid.
28.Miller , Lyndon , 231. See also Buford Ellington Oral History, Oct. 2, 1970, LBJL.
29. Quoted inDallek , Lone Star , 572.
30.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 35.
31. Ibid.
32.Miller , Lyndon , 246.
33.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 38.
34. “RFK and LBJ” July 14, 1960, Box W59, Arthur Schlesinger Jr. Papers, John F. Kennedy Library (hereafter JFKL).
35.Hilty , Brother Protector , 29.
36.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 44.
37.Miller , Lyndon , 249.
38.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 526.
39.Miller , Lyndon , 245.
40.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 527.
41.Miller , Lyndon , 252.
42. Booth Mooney Oral History, I, Apr. 8, 1969, LBJL.
43. Ibid.
44. Diaries, May 16, 1964, Vol. 3, PP÷Orville Freeman, LBJL.
45.Miller , Lyndon , 254.
46.Connally , In History’s Shadow , 162-163.
47. Diary Entry, July 23, 1964, Box W-59, Schlesinger Papers, JFKL.
48.Dallek , Lone Star , 576-577.
49. George Reedy to Senator, June 14, 1960, Box 427, SOF÷G. Reedy, LBJL.
50.Ralph G. Martin , Henry and Clare: An Intimate Portrait of the Luces (New York, 1991), 362-363.
51.Theodore H. White , The Making of the President 1964 (New York, 1965), 407-409.
52.Hilty , Brother Protector , 160.
53.Miller , Lyndon , 256.
54. Russell Morton Brown to Merle Miller, Sept. 28, 1979; R. M. Brown Oral History, Jan. 10, 1978, LBJL.
55. James H. Rowe Oral History, II, Sept. 16, 1969, LBJL.
56.Hilty , Brother Protector , 157.
57.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 49.
58. “LBJ and the Kennedys,” Life , Aug. 7, 1970.
59.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 51.
60. Bobby Baker Oral History, II, Oct. 31, 1974, LBJL.
61.Adam Cohen andElizabeth Taylor , American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley (Boston, 2001), 260.
62.Miller , Lyndon , 258.
63. Harry McPherson Oral History, VII, May 16, 1985, LBJL.
64.Miller , Lyndon , 258.
65.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 532.
66.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 54.
67.Connally , History’s Shadow , 164-165.
68.Miller , Lyndon , 258; Earl Clements Oral History, II, Oct. 24, 1974, LBJL.
69.Dallek , Lone Star , 582.
70.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 53; B. Baker Oral History, Oct. 31, 1974, LBJL.
71.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 537.
72. See also Booth Mooney to Sen. Johnson, Aug. 1, 1960, PP÷Booth Mooney, Box 1, LBJL.
73. Rowe Oral History, II.
74. James Blundell Oral History, I, Oct. 29, 1974, LBJL.
75.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 188.
76. Ibid., 189-190.
77.Dallek , Lone Star , 583;Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 535.
78. Arthur to Jack, Aug. 26, 1960, Pres. Office Files, Schlesinger, Box 32, JFKL.
79.Bill Moyers , “ What a Real President Was Like ,”Washington Post , Nov. 13, 1988.
80. Jenkins to Sen. Johnson, Oct. 3, 1960, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 6, LBJL.
81. Kenny O’Donnell Oral History, I, July 23, 1969, LBJL.
82. Legislature Meeting Notes, Aug. 16 and 23, 1960, Whitman Files, Leg. Meeting Series, Box 3, DDEL.
83. Walter Jenkins to Sen. Johnson, Sept. 3, 1960, Pre-Presidential Memo File, Box 6, LBJL. See also John Singleton Oral History, II, July 15, 1983, LBJL.
84.Miller , Lyndon , 265.
85. O’Donnell Oral History, I.
86.Miller , Lyndon , 266.
87. Elizabeth Carpenter Oral History, IV, Aug. 27, 1969, LBJL.
88.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 199-203.
89. Ibid., 204.
90.Miller , Lyndon , 266.
91. Reedy to Sen. Johnson, 1960, Box 426, SOF÷G. Reedy, LBJL.
92.Miller , Lyndon , 267.
93. B. Baker Oral History, II.
94. Blundell Oral History, I.
95.Miller , Lyndon , 268.
96. B. Baker Oral History, II.
97. Blundell Oral History, I.
98. Rowe to Sen. Johnson, Aug. 25, 1960, Notes and Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
99. Leonard Marks Oral History, II, Jan. 26, 1976, LBJL.
100.Hilty , Brother Protector , 166-167.
101. Singleton Oral History, II.
102. Philip Bobbitt Interview with author, Nov. 8, 2003, Austin, Texas.
103.Jarboe-Russell , Lady Bird , 205.
104.Miller , Lyndon , 264.
105. Quoted inJaneway , House of Roosevelt , 177.
106. D. B. Hardeman Oral History, II, Mar. 12, 1969, LBJL.
107.Dallek , Lone Star , 586.
108. Ibid., 587-588.
109. Lady Bird Johnson Interview.
110. Hardeman Oral History, II; Barefoot Sanders Oral History, I, n.d., LBJL;Miller , Lyndon , 270-271;Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 543.
Chapter 18: Camelot Meets Mr. Cornpone
1.Dallek , Lone Star , 589.
2.Jarboe-Russell , Lady Bird , 208;Robert Dallek , An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963 (Boston, 2003), 295.
3.Miller , Lyndon , 273.
4. Quoted inJaneway , House of Roosevelt , 175.
5.John L. Bullion , In the Boat with LBJ (Plano, TX, 2001), 117.
6. Ibid.
7.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 546.
8. Ibid., 549;Dallek , Lone Star , 3; Cliff Carter Oral History, Oct. 15, 1968, III, LBJL.
9.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 62.
10.Miller , Lyndon , 276.
11.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 62.
12.Miller , Lyndon , 277.
13.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 174.
14.Judith Martin , “ Off the Record Chat by President Johnson ,” Nov. 20, 1968, Oberdorfere Notes, Ref. File, “Vietnam,” LBJL.
15.Hilty , Brother Protector , 271.
16. Quoted inLloyd C. Gardner , Pay Any Price: Lyndon Johnson and the Wars for Vietnam (Chicago, 1990),
17.Hilty , Brother Protector , 274.
18. Harry McPherson Oral History, LBJL.
19.J. Edward Day , “ My Appointed Rounds ,” 1965, Schlesinger Papers, Box W-59, JFKL.
20. George Reedy to Senator Johnson, Dec. 30, 1960, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
21. George Reedy to Vice President, July 19, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
22. McNamara Interview with Walt Rostow, Jan. 8, 1975, LBJL.
23. McPherson Oral History, LBJL.
24. James H. Rowe Oral History, I, Sept. 9, 1969, LBJL.
25. Kenneth O’Donnell Oral History, I, July 23, 1969, LBJL.
26.Dallek , Lone Star , 10.
27. George Reedy to Vice President, Feb. 9, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL. See alsoShesol , Mutual Contempt ; 64;Dallek , Lone Star , 8-9.
28.Hilty ,Brother Protector , 307; Louis Martin Oral History, May 14, 1969, LBJL.
29.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 209.
30. George Reedy to Vice President, Aug. 11, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
31.Miller , Lyndon , 279.
32.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 209-210.
33.Mark Hatfield , Vice President of the United States , Senate History Office, 459.
34. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 209.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid., 210.
37. See George Reedy to Senator, May 19, 1958 SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 427, LBJL; Rowe to Sen. Johnson Jan. 21, 1958, LBJA Selected Names File, Rowe, Box 32, LBJL.
38. George Reedy to Vice President, May 17, 1963, VP Papers of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
39. George Reedy to Sen. Johnson, Apr. 1959, SOF÷G. Reedy, Box 429, LBJL.
40. “Remarks by Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vice President of the United States,” The Advertising Council, June 6, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
41.Miller , Lyndon , 282.
42.Dallek , Lone Star , 13.
43.Miller , Lyndon , 283.
44. Sarah McClendon Oral History, I, Feb. 16, 1972, LBJL.
45.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 89.
46. Vice President to President, May 23, 1961, Pres. Office Files, Special Correspondence, Box 30, JFK Papers, JFKL.
47.Carl Thomas Rowan , Breaking Barriers: A Memoir (Boston, 1991), 188.
48. Carroll Kilpatrick Oral History, I, July 18, 1978, LBJL.
49.Rowan , Breaking Barriers , 183.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid.
52.Dallek , Lone Star , 14.
53.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 568-569; Walter Jenkins Oral History, II, Aug. 24, 1971, LBJL; George Reedy to Vice President, n.d., 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
54. LBJ to the President, May 23, 1961, Pres. Office Files, Special Correspondence, Box 30, Kennedy Papers, JFKL. See also George Reedy to Vice President, Sept. 25, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
55. “LBJ Philosophy Revealed,”Dallas Herald Dec. 15, 1963.
56.Carl Rowan , Breaking Barriers: A Memoir (Boston, 1991), 82.
57.Miller , Lyndon , 289.
58.Dallek , Lone Star , 19-20;Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 569-570;Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 90; George Reedy to Vice President, Aug. 17, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
59.Miller , Lyndon , 290.
60. Ibid., 43.
61. D. B. Hardeman Oral History, IV, Jan. 19, 1977, LBJL.
62.Walter A. McDougall , The Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age (New York, 1985),
63. Ibid., 362.
64. Quoted inRobert Dallek , Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1960-1973 (New York, 1998), 21.
65.McDougall , Heavens and Earth , 373-374, 387.
66. See Steele to Luce, June 12, 1963, Steele Papers, Box 1, LBJL.
67.Hilty , Brother Protector , 299-300, 307-308.
68.Dallek , Lone Star , 25.
69.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 79-80.
70.Dallek , Lone Star , 25.
71.Hilty , Brother Protector , 299.
72. Ibid, 301.
73. George Reedy to Vice President, Aug. 17, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
74. George Reedy to Vice President, 1962, n.d., VP Papers of G. Reedy, Box 7, LBJL.
75. George Reedy to Vice President, Apr. 10, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6; Peter Braestrup, “U.S. Agency Split over Negro Jobs,”New York Times , June 18, 1962.
76. George Reedy to Vice President, n.d., 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 7, LBJL.
77. Stone to Vice President, Mar. 9, 1962, Files of Willie Day Taylor, Box 426, LBJL.
78. George Reedy to Vice President, Apr. 6, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 7, LBJL.
79. George Reedy to Vice President, Nov. 30, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, LBJL.
80. George Reedy to Vice President, Jan. 17, 1962, VP Papers of G. Reedy, Box 7, LBJL.
81. George Reedy to Vice President, Jan. 18, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 7, LBJL.
82. George Reedy to Vice President, Jan. 8, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 7, LBJL.
83. George Reedy to Vice President, Jan. 18, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 7, LBJL.
84. George Reedy to Vice President, Feb. 5, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 7, LBJL.
85. George Reedy to Vice President, Jan. 19, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 7, LBJL.
86. Louis Martin Oral History, II, June 12, 1986, LBJL.
87. “Major Accomplishments of the Equal Employment Opportunity Program,” n.d., 1963, Files of Willie Day Taylor, Box 434, LBJL.
88. George Reedy to Vice President, n.d., 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
89. George Reedy to Vice President, Feb. 8, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
90. “Major Accomplishments of the Equal Employment Opportunity Program,” n.d., 1963.
91.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 79-80.
92.Hilty , Brother Protector , 301.
93.Dallek , Lone Star , 35.
94. Ibid., 36.
95. James Farmer Oral History, I, Oct. 1969, LBJL.
96. Roy Wilkins to Dr. L. M. Polan, June 17, 1960, Papers of Joseph Rauh, Box 36, Library of Congress.
97. Louis Martin Oral History, I, May 14, 1969, LBJL.
98. Charles Stone to LBJ, Mar. 9, 1962, Files of Willie Day Taylor, Box 426, LBJL.
99. Reedy to Vice President, Aug. 4, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
100. Hobart Taylor to LBJ, Aug. 29, 1963, Files of Willie Day Taylor, Box 428, LBJL.
101. GER to Vice President May 24, 1963, Files of Willie Day Taylor, Box 434; G. Reedy to Vice President, June, 1963, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
102. “Johnson Cheered in Poll Tax Attack,”Austin American-Statesman , n.d., 1962.
103. “Remarks of Vice President,” Wayne State University, Jan. 6, 1963, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
104. “Remarks by Vice President,” Tufts University, June 9, 1963, LBJ Handwriting File, Box 2, LBJL.
105. Ibid.
106. George Reedy to Vice President, Aug. 1, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
Chapter 19: Hanging On
1.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 273.
2.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 75.
3.Hatfield , Vice Presidents of the United States , 460.
4. Simon and Vicky McHugh Oral History, I, June 6, 1975, LBJL.
5. George Reedy to Vice President, Aug. 1, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
6.Dallek , Flawed Giant , 21.
7. H. Busby to Vice President, July 13, 1961, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 6, LBJL.
8.Dallek , Lone Star , 34. See also RFK and LBJ, Jan. 28, 1963, Box W59, Schlesinger Papers, JFKL.
9.Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. , Robert Kennedy and His Times (New York, 1978), 623.
10. RFK and LBJ, n.d., Box W-59, Schlesinger Papers, JFKL.
11. GER to Vice President, Feb. 19, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 7, LBJL.
12. RFK-LBJ, n.d., Schlesinger Papers, Box W-59, JFKL.
13. George Reedy to Vice President, Jan. 12, 1963, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
14. Harry McPherson Oral History, LBJL.
15.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 171.
16.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 571-573.
17. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 217.
18. GER to President, Oct. 4, 1968, NSF Memos, Rostow, Box 40, LBJL.
19.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 94.
20. Ibid., 93.
21.Ernest R. May andPhilip D. Zelikow , The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis (Cambridge, MA, 1997), 597.
22. Ibid., 589-591.
23.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 96.
24. Ibid.
25. GER to Vice President, Nov. 1, 1962, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
26. Mike Gillette Interview with author, Aug. 5, 2000, Washington, D.C.
27. There was a separate structure on the Texas ranch grounds called the Mary Margaret House. Arthur Krim Oral History, II, May 17, 1982, LBJL.
28. Simon and Vicky McHugh Oral History, I, June 6, 1975, LBJL.
29. Marie Fehmer Interview with author, Dec. 12, 2000, Washington, D.C.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 212-213.
33. Gammons Diary, Aug. 31, 1963, LBJL.
34. Ibid., Sept. 1, 1963.
35. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 175.
36. Quoted in ibid.
37. Quoted in ibid.
38.Dallek , Lone Star , 31.
39.Kenneth O’Reilly , Nixon’s Piano: Presidents and Racial Politics from Washington to Clinton (New York, 1995), 237.
40.Hilty , Brother Protector , 384.
41.Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 99-100.
42. Ibid., 101.
43. Memorandum, “The Negro demonstrations … ,” May 21, 1963, Files of Willie Day Taylor, Box 434, LBJL.
44. GER to Vice President, June 7, 1963, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
45. Memorandum, “It is obvious … ,” July 24, 1963, Files of Willie Day Taylor, Box 434; Memorandum, “The current series … ,” June 1963; Memorandum, “The current tension … ,” June 1963, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
46. Memorandum, “The civil rights message … ,” n.d., 1963, Files of Willie Day Taylor, Box 434, LBJL.
47.Dallek , Lone Star , 36.
48. Memorandum, “The civil rights message … ”;Shesol , Mutual Contempt , 102.
49.Dallek , Lone Star , 37.
50. “LBJ Explodes in Senate after Called Figurehead,”Houston Post , Jan. 31, 1963. See also “Lyndon Johnson ‘Doing Us in on Rights’ SayDems ,” Washington Afro-American , Feb. 2, 1963; GER to Vice President, Jan. 5, 1963, and Feb. 6, 14, and 16, 1963, VP Files of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
51. McPherson Oral History, LBJL.
52.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 593-594; “Marshall Probers Wait File,”Dallas Times Herald , May 28, 1962.
53. Walter Jenkins Memoranda of Conversations with Deke DeLoche, May 31 and June 1, 1962, Pre-Presidential Confidential File, Box 1, LBJL. See also Telephone Conversation between LBJ and Orville Freeman, Apr. 17, 1962, Notes and Transcripts of LBJ Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
54. George Reedy Oral History, III, June 7, 1975, LBJL.
55. Leslie Carpenter Oral History, Feb. 6, 1969, LBJL.
56.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 598.
57. Ibid., 599.
58.Miller , Lyndon , 297.
59. Leslie Carpenter Oral History.
60. McPherson Oral History, II.
61. Reedy Oral History, III.
62.Dallek , Lone Star , 43.
63. “LBJ Gets Support of R. Kennedy,”Dallas Morning News , Apr. 27, 1963.
64.Dallek , Lone Star , 42.
65. Leslie Carpenter Oral History.
Chapter 20: Interregnum: Death and Resurrection
1. “LBJ Ascension Bears on Texas Political Balance,”Dallas Herald , Nov. 24, 1963.
2.Connally , In History’s Shadow , 169.
3. Cliff Carter Oral History, III, LBJL; Kenny O’Donnell Oral History, I, July 23, 1969, LBJL; RFK Oral History, May 14, 1964, Box W59, Schlesinger Papers, JFKL.
4.Willie Morris , North toward Home (Boston, 1967), 250.
5.Woods , Fulbright , 321.
6. “Lady Bird Preparing Ranch for JFK Visit,” Nov. 18, 1963,Houston Post;Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 214-216.
7.Reston , Lone Star , 264-266; Carter Oral History, III.
8. John Singleton Oral History, II, July 15, 1983, LBJL.
9. Schlesinger and Manchester Conversation, Jan. 6, 1965, Box P38, RFK Oral History May 14, 1964, Box W59, Schlesinger Papers, JFKL.
10.Busby , “ Reflections on a Leader ,” 253.
11. Cliff Carter Oral History, III.
12.Reston , Lone Star , 276.
13.Michael Schaller et al., Present Tense: The United States Since 1945 (Boston, 1992), 238.
14. Martin Agronsky Interview with John Connally, Nov. 1963, Box 10, Papers of John Connally, LBJL.
15.Miller , Lyndon , 312.
16.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 220.
17. Charles Roberts Oral History, Jan. 14, 1970, I, LBJL.
18. “Johnson’s Recollection Reported Different,”Dallas Morning News , Dec. 26, 1966.
19. Kenny O’Donnell Oral History, I, July 23, 1969, LBJL.
20. Jack Valenti Oral History, II, Oct. 18, 1969, LBJL.
21.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 608; O’Donnell Oral History;Michael Beschloss , ed., Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963-1964 (New York, 1997), 100.
22. Valenti Oral History, II.
23. Marie Fehmer Notes, Nov. 22, 1963, Diary Backup, Box 1, LBJL.
24. K. O’Donnell Oral History I.
25. Valenti Oral History II.
26.Reston , Lone Star , 269.
27. LBJ-Valenti-Hardesty Conversation, Mar. 8, 1969, “Kennedy Assassination,” LBJ Reference File, LBJL.
28.Beschloss , Taking Charge , 18.
29.Miller , Lyndon , 321.
30.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 609.
31. Charles Roberts Oral History, I, Jan. 14, 1970, LBJL.
32. Charles Roberts Oral History, I, Nov. 14, 1970; George Reedy Oral History, III, Dec. 19, 1968, LBJL.
33.Miller , Lyndon , 322.
34. George Ball Oral History, July 8, 1971, LBJL.
35. Carl Albert Oral History, I, Apr. 28, 1969, LBJL.
36.Miller , Lyndon , 324.
37. Lady Bird Johnson’s Unpublished White House Diary, Nov. 24, 1963, LBJL.
38.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 227.
39. Cliff Carter Oral History, IV, Oct. 15, 1968, LBJL.
40.Miller , Lyndon , 325.
41.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 227.
42. Gerry Siegel Oral History, II, June 9, 1969, LBJL.
43.Busby , “ Reflections on a Leader ,” 257.
44.Miller , Lyndon , 325.
45.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 177.
46. Steele to Williamson, Dec. 2, 1963, Steele Papers, Box 1, LBJL.
47.Beschloss , Taking Charge , 14-15.
48. Ibid., 12-13, 16-17.
49. Robert G. Baker Oral History, Oct. 31, 1974, LBJL.
50.Steinberg ,Sam Johnson’s Boy , 615;Miller , Lyndon , 601; RFK and LBJ, May 14, 1964, Box W59, Schlesinger Papers, JFKL.
51.Miller , Lyndon , 329.
52. Harry McPherson Oral History, LBJL.
53. Ibid.
54. Bundy to President, Nov. 23, 1963, Cabinet Papers, Box 1, LBJ Papers, LBJL.
55. Freeman Diary, Nov. 24, 1963, PP÷Orville Freeman, Box 9, LBJL.
56.C. Clifford , Counsel to the President , 390.
57.Miller , Lyndon , 330.
58.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 185.
59. SeeDavid Halberstam , The Best and the Brightest (New York, 1972), 217-220, 49-54, 309-313;Kai Bird , The Color of Truth. McGeorge Bundy and William Bundy: Brothers in Arms (New York, 1998), 23-117;Deborah Shapley , Promise and Power: The Life and Times of Robert McNamara (Boston, 1993);Thomas J. Schoenbaum , Waging War and Peace: Dean Rusk in the Truman, Kennedy, and Johnson Years (New York, 1998); author’s interviews with McNamara, Bundy, and Rusk.
60.Irving Bernstein , Guns or Butter: The Presidency of Lyndon Johnson (New York, 1996), 265-266.
61. Freeman Diary, Nov. 22, 1963, PP÷Freeman, Box 9, LBJL.
62. Ibid.
63.Hilty , Brother Protector , 23.
64. Ibid., 6-23, 39-45, 82-84.
65. Ibid., 496.
66. Ibid, 486, 128-130.
67.Harris Wofford , Of Kennedys and Kings: Making Sense of the Sixties (New York, 1980), 418; Robert F. Kennedy Oral History, Apr. 13, 1964, Box W59, Schlesinger Papers, JFKL.
68. LBJ and Clifford Conversation, Dec. 5, 1963;Beschloss , Taking Charge , 91; Schlesinger to RFK, Mar. 20, 1964, Box W-59, Schlesinger Papers, JFKL.
69. LBJ to RFK, Jan. 1, 1964, Box W59, Schlesinger Papers, JFKL.
70.Dallek , Lone Star , 67. See.Eric F. Goldman , The Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson (New York, 1969),
71. Ibid., 124-125.
72. Ibid., 106-107.
73. Ibid., 107.
74. Ibid., 108-111.
75.Goldman , Tragedy , 115-117.
76. Quoted in ibid., 109.
77. Ibid., 108-111.
78. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 185.
79. SeeFields , Union of Words , 215-216.
80. Text of President’s Off-the-Record Remarks to Governors, Nov. 25, 1963, Diary Backup, Box 1, LBJL.
81. McPherson Oral History, LBJL; James Rowe Oral History, II, Sept. 16, 1969, LBJL.
82. See Clark Clifford Oral History, July 2, 1969, LBJL.
83.Kalman , Abe Fortas , 28-29.
84. Ibid., 3, 15-16.
85. Diary Backup, Nov. 23, 1963, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
86.Abe Fortas , “ Portrait of a Friend ,” inThompson , The Johnson Presidency , 7.
87. “Address before a Joint Session of the Congress,” Nov. 27, 1963,Public Papers of the Presidents: Lyndon B. Johnson , (Washington, 1965), Vol. I, 8-10.
88.Ibid.
89.Miller , Lyndon , 338-339.
90. “Address before a Joint Session of the Congress,” Nov. 27, 1963, Vol. I, 9.
91. Ibid.
92. “Remarks at the State Capitol in Austin, Texas,” Nov. 2, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents; LBJ , Vol. II, 1579-1580.
93. “Remarks to Members of the Southern Baptist Christian Leadership Seminar,” Mar. 25, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. I, 420.
94. Moyers to President, May 15, 1964, OF÷Bill Moyers, Box 10, LBJL.
95. Cartha DeLoach Oral History, Jan. 11, 1991, I, LBJL.
96.Dallek , Flawed Giant , 53.
97. Hoover and LBJ Conversation, Nov. 23, 1963 inBeschloss , Taking Charge , 22-23.
98. Quoted inBusby , “ Reflections on a Leader ,” 266.
99. LBJ and J. Alsop Conversation, Nov. 25, 1963, K6311.02, WH Tapes, LBJL. See also LBJ and John McCone Meeting, Nov. 26, 1963, Box 1, Meetings with the President, John McCone Memoranda, LBJL.
100. Barefoot Sanders Oral History, I, LBJL.
101. Transcript of Telephone Conversation between Pres. and Speaker McCormack, Nov. 29, 1963, Box 1, LBJL.
102. “Reaction of Soviet and Communist Party Officials to the Assassination … ,” FBI Report, Dec. 1, 1966, NSF-DSDUF, Box 4, Johnson Papers, LBJL.
103. Hoover and LBJ Conversation, Nov. 29, 1963 inBeschloss , Taking Charge , 52.
104. Katzenbach to Moyers, Nov. 25, 1963, OF÷Bill Moyers, Box 55, LBJL.
105. LBJ and J. McCormack Conversation, Nov. 29, 1963, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, LBJL.
106. Transcript of Telephone Conversation between Pres. and Sen. Russell, Nov. 29, 1963, Box 1, LBJL.
107.Miller , Lyndon , 348.
108. Deloach Oral History, I, Jan. 11, 1991, LBJL.
Chapter 21: “Kennedy Was Too Conservative for Me”
1.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 226.
2.Dallek , Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961-1973 (New York, 1998), 65.
3.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 182.
4. S. and V. McHugh Oral History, I, June 6, 1975, LBJL.
5. LBJ and P. Salinger Conversation, Dec. 14, 1963, WH Tapes, K6312.08, LBJL.
6. See Walter Jenkins Oral History, II, Aug. 24, 1971, LBJL.
7.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 233.
8.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 629-630.
9.James Reston , Deadline: A Memoir (New York, 1991), 313-314.
10. LBJ and Senz Conversation, Dec. 23, 1963, inBeschloss , Taking Charge , 115-116.
11. Lyndon and Lady Bird Conversation, Dec. 23, 1963, inBeschloss , Taking Charge , 122.
12. LBJ and Salinger Conversation, Dec. 23, 1963, inBeschloss , Taking Charge , 124-125.
13.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 236-237.
14. LBJ and Eisenhower Conversation, Dec. 25, 1963, WH Tapes, K6312.17, LBJL.
15.Randall B. Woods A Changing of the Guard: Anglo-American Relations, 1941-1946 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1990), 25-27.
16. SeeRonald Heinemann , Henry Byrd of Virginia (Charlottesville, VA, 1996), 10.
17.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 31.
18. Notes of Troika Meeting, n.d., Diary Backup, Box 1, LBJ Papers, LBJL.
19. Diary, Jan. 1, 1964, PP÷Orville Freeman, Box 9, LBJL.
20. John McCone Memos, NSF, Meetings with President, Jan. 17, 1964, Box 1, LBJL.
21. John McCone Memos., NSF, Meetings with President, Jan. 4, 1964, Box 1, LBJL.
22. LBJ and Robert Anderson Conversation, Jan. 7, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, LBJL.
23.Bernstein ,Guns or Butter, 33.
24. Jack Valenti Oral History, V, July 12, 1972, LBJL.
25.Dallek , Flawed Giant , 73; LBJ and Byrd Conversation, Jan. 8, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, LBJL.
26. LBJ and R. Russell Conversation, WH Tapes, WH6401.15, LBJL.
27.Kim McQuaid , Big Business and Presidential Power: From FDR to Reagan (New York, 1982), 224.
28. Ibid., 226.
29. Diary, Dec. 10, 1963, PP÷Orville Freeman, Box 9, LBJL.
30. “Johnson Impresses the Nation,” May 1, 1964, LBJ Handwriting File, Box 3, LBJL.
31. SeeRobert L. Heilbroner , “ Capitalism without Tears ,”New York Review of Books , June 29, 1967.
32.Bill Moyers , “ Forging the Great Society ,” inHardesty , The Johnson Years , 66.
33.Frank Cormier , LBJ: The Way He Was (Garden City, NY, 1977), 4-5. See also Charles Roberts Oral History, Jan. 14, 1970, LBJL.
34.Kearns Goodwin , American Dream , 258.
35. “The President’s News Conference of Dec. 18, 1963,”Public Papers of the Presidents, Lyndon Johnson, 1963-64 , Vol. I (Washington, 1964), 54.
36.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 82-90;David Burner , Making Peace with the ’60s (Princeton, NJ, 1996), 169-170;Douglas Cater , “ The Politics of Poverty ,”The Reporter , Feb. 13, 1964.
37.R. Sargent Shriver , “ The War on Poverty ,” inJordan andRostow , The Great Society , 40.
38.Miller , Lyndon , 362.
39. Ibid.
40. “Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union,” Jan. 8, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. I, 91-92.
41.Burner , Making Peace with the ’60s , 166-170.
42.Carl Brauer , “ Kennedy, Johnson, and the War on Poverty ,”Journal of American History 69 (June 1982):101.
43. LBJ and Galbraith Conversation, Jan. 29, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, LBJL.
44.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 99.
45. LBJ and Shriver Conversation, Feb. 1, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, LBJL.
46.Dallek , Flawed Giant , 79.
47. LBJ and Carl Albert Conversation, May 26, 1964, WH Tapes, WH6405.06, LBJL.
48. “Remarks upon Signing the Economic Opportunity Act,” Aug. 20, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. II, 989.
49. “Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union,” Jan. 8, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. I, 112.
50. Diary Backup, Nov. 29, 1963, Box 1, LBJL;Bill Moyers , “ War on Poverty ,” inJordan andRostow ,The Great Society , 36-37.
51. LBJ and Whittington Conversation, Dec. 23, 1963, inBeschloss , Taking Charge , 126.
52.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 104
53.Goldman , The Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson , 187.
54. LBJ and Shriver Conversation, Mar. 26, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 3, LBJL.
55. LBJ and Moyers Conversation, Aug. 8, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 5, LBJL.
56. Diary, Feb. 22, 1964, PP÷Orville Freeman, Box 9, LBJL.
57.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 105.
58.Dallek , Flawed Giant , 108.
59. S. and V. McHugh Oral History; “Remarks in the City Hall, Rocky Mount, North Carolina,” May 7, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. II, 638-639.
60. “Remarks at the 20th Washington Conf. of the Advertising Council,” May 6, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. II, 611.
61. Diary, May 18, 1964, PP÷Orville Freeman, Box 9, LBJL.
62.Moyers , “ War on Poverty ,” 36.
63. LBJ and O’Brien Conversation, May 11, 1964, WH Tapes, WH6405.03, LBJL.
64. LBJ and McCormack Conversation, May 11, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 4, LBJL.
65. LBJ and Shriver Conversation, May 13, 1964, in Beschloss, Taking Charge, 347.
66. LBJ and Shriver Conversation, May 13, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 4, LBJL.
67. LBJ and O’Brien Conversation, Aug. 7, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Tapes, Box 5, LBJL.
68. LBJ and McCormack Conversation, Aug. 6, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 5, LBJL.
69.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 110-111.
70. LBJ-Jenkins-Moyers Conversation, Aug. 8, 1964, WH Tapes, WH6408.13, LBJL.
71.Dallek , Flawed Giant , 110.
72.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 111.
73. John Chancellor Oral History, I, Apr. 25, 1969, LBJL.
74.Hugh Sidey , A Very Personal Presidency: Lyndon Johnson in the White House (New York, 1968), 163.
75.Beschloss ,Taking Charge , 307.
76.Houston Post , Apr. 29, 1964.
77. LBJ and Reedy Conversation, Apr. 28, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 4, LBJL.
78. Arthur Krim Oral History, III, June 29, 1982, LBJL.
79.Beschloss , Taking Charge , 57.
80. Busby to President, Sept. 1, 1965, OF÷Horace Busby, Box 51, LBJL.
81. Ibid.
82.Miller , Lyndon , 375.
83.Steinberg , Sam Johnson’s Boy , 637.
84. G. Reedy Oral History, III, June 7, 1975, LBJL.
85. LBJ and Graham Conversation, Dec. 2, 1963, inBeschloss , Taking Charge , 85.
86. Diary, Dec. 28, 1963, PP÷Orville Freeman, Box 9, LBJL.
87. LBJ and Rowley Conversation, May 13, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 4, LBJL.
88. LBJ and Rowley Conversation, Jan. 6, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
89. LBJ and M. Mansfield Conversation, Sept. 28, 1964, WH Tapes, WH6409.09, LBJL.
90. SeeDavid H. McKay , Domestic Policy and Ideology: Presidents and the American State (New York, 1989), 33, 53.
91. A. E. Goldschmidt Oral History, June 3, 1969, LBJL.
92. “Special Message to the Congress on Consumer Interests,” Feb. 5, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents, LBJ , Vol. II, 263.
93. “Remarks in Pittsburgh to the League of Women Voters,” Apr. 24, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. I, 535.
94.Walter Lippmann , “ The Principle for the Great Society ,”Newsweek , Jan. 18, 1965.
95. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 141.
96. “Remarks to a Group of Civil Rights Leaders,” Apr. 29, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. I, 588-589.
97. “Remarks at the 12th Annual Presidential Prayer Breakfast,” Feb. 5, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. I, 172.
98.Goldman , Tragedy , 112.
99. Quoted inDallek , Flawed Giant ,
100. Valenti Oral History, July 12, 1972, V, LBJL.
101. “Remarks at the University of Michigan,” May 22, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. II, 704-706.
Chapter 22: Free at Last
1. Leroy Collins Oral History, Nov. 15, 1972, LBJL.
2.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 44. On the importance of a community relations service, see Ted Kheel to George Reedy, June 10, 1963, VP Papers of G. Reedy, Box 8, LBJL.
3. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity , 176.
4. Reedy to LBJ, May 21, 1963, Willie Day Taylor Files, Box 434, LBJL.
5.Dallek , Flawed Giant , 114.
6.Anthony Lewis , “ Civil Rights Issue: Administration Will Be Judged to Large Degree by Fate of This Bill ,” New York Times , Dec. 8, 1963.
7. George Reedy to Vice President, June 10, 1963, Willie Day Taylor Files, Box 434, LBJL.
8. Louis Martin Oral History, May 14, 1969, LBJL.
9.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 44.
10. Harry McPherson Oral History, VI, May 16, 1985, LBJL.
11. LBJ and Young Conversation, Nov. 24, 1963, WH Tapes, K6311.02, LBJL.
12. Roy Wilkins Appointment, Nov. 29, 1963, Diary Backup, Box 1, LBJL.
13. LBJ and Randolph Conversation, Nov. 29, 1963, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 4, LBJL.
14. “Over 300 Attend SNCC Conference,” SNCCStudent Voice , Dec. 9, 1963; LBJ and King Conversation, Nov. 25, 1963, inBeschloss , Taking Charge , 37-38; James Farmer Oral History, Oct. 1969, LBJL.
15. LBJ and Robt. Anderson Conversation, Nov. 30, 1963, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, LBJL.
16. “Remarks to New Participants in ‘Plans for Progress,’” Jan. 16, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: Lyndon B. Johnson , Vol. I, 140.
17. LBJ and Anderson Conversation, Nov. 30, 1963.
18.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 44, 49.
19.Charles Whalen andBarbara Whalen ; The Longest Debate: A Legislative History of the 1964 Civil Rights Act (New York, 1986), 65.
20.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 53-55.
21. J. Pickle Oral History, Mar. 2, 1972, LBJL.
22.Bill Moyers , “ Civil Rights ,” inJordan andRostow , The Great Society , 78.
23.E. Ernest “ Tex ” Goldstein Oral History, Dec. 9, 1968, LBJL;Miller , Lyndon , 366.
24. LBJ and Robert Byrd Conversation, Apr. 10, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, LBJL.
25. LBJ and Rauh Conversation, Jan. 7, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
26. Jack Valenti Oral History, V, July 12, 1972, LBJL;Dallek , Flawed Giant , 112.
27.Whalen andWhalen , The Longest Debate , 68.
28.Nicholas B. Katzenbach , “ The Bold Dream ,” inHardesty , The Johnson Years ; 80-81.
29.Whalen andWhalen , The Longest Debate , 70;Miller , Lyndon , 368. The leading works on the civil rights acts of 1964 and 1965 areSteven F. Lawson , Black Ballots: Voting Rights in the South, 1994-1969 (New York, 1976) and Running for Freedom: Civil Rights and Black Politics in America since 1941 (Philadelphia, 1991).
30.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 67.
31.McPherson , Political Education , 72.
32.Hulsey , Everett Dirksen , 8.
33.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 61.
34.Miller , Lyndon , 368-369. See alsoHumphrey , The Education of a Public Man , 274-283.
35.Whalen andWhalen , The Largest Debate , 70.
36.Fields , Union of Words , 291. Fields observes the difference between Jeffersonian and Lincolnesque language: “The former dedicated propositions, the latter cemeteries.”
37. “Remarks to New Participants in ‘Plans for Progress,’” Jan. 16, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. I, 141-142.
38. “The President’s Sermon,”Fort Worth Star-Telegram , May 4, 1964.
39. Quoted inKearns Goodwin , American Dream , 321.
40.Burner , Making Peace with the ’60s , 17.
41. “Remarks in Atlanta at a Breakfast of the Georgia Legislature,” May 8, 1964,Public Papers of the Presidents: LBJ , Vol. II, 648.
42.Beschloss , Taking Charge , 341.
43. “LBJ Given Tumultous Welcome,”Dallas Herald , May 8, 1964.
44. Ibid.
45. Diary, Dec. 10, 1963, PP÷Orville Freeman, Box 9, LBJL.
46.Miller , Lyndon , 369.
47.Beschloss , Taking Charge , 331.
48. LBJ and Dirksen Conversation, May 13, 1964, in WH Tapes, WH6405.06, LBJL. See also Hulsey, Everett Dirksen, 13-18.
49.Bernstein , Guns or Butter , 71, LBJ and HHH Conversation, Feb. 25, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
50. LBJ and Russell Conversation, Apr. 9, 1964 WH Tapes, WH6404.06, LBJL.
51. LBJ and Kermit Gordon Conversation, Apr. 29, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 1, LBJL.
52.Dallek , Flawed Giant , 119.
53.Humphrey , Public Man , 283.
54. Quoted inWoods , Quest for Identity Since 1945 , 189-190.
55. Ibid.
56. LBJ and White Conversation, June 23, 1964, inBeschloss , Taking Charge , 425.
57. LBJ and Hoover Conversation, June 23, 1964, inBeschloss , Taking Charge , 433-434.
58. LBJ and Eastland Conversation, June 23, 1964, WH Tapes, WH6406.14, LBJL.
59. LBJ and Farmer Conversation, June 23, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 4, LBJL. For the Schwerner-Goodman affair, seeO’Reilly , Nixon’s Piano , 163-169.
60. LBJ and Hodges Conversation, June 23, 1964, WH Tapes, Transcripts of Telephone Conversations, Box 4, LBJL.
61. Quoted inSidney M. Milkis , The President and the Parties: The Transformation of the American Party System Since the New Deal (New York, 1993), 197.
62.Miller , Lyndon , 371.
63. LBJ and W. Young Conversation, June 19, 1964, WH Tapes, WH6406.11, LBJL; Lee White Memo, July 2, 1964, Diary Backup, Box 7, LBJL.
64.Dallek , Flawed Giant , 120.
65.Bullion , In the Boat with LBJ , 275-276.
66.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 234-235.
67.Beschloss , Taking Charge , 268.
68.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 235.
69.Beschloss , Taking Charge , 268.
70.Jarboe Russell , Lady Bird , 238-239.