1. 
   
2. 
   
3. 
   
4. LIST OF MAPS
5. 
   
6. 1. The Byzantine Empire
7. 2. The Abbasid Islamic Empire c. 750
8. 3. The Route of the First Crusade
9. 4. The Crusader States c. 1135
10. 5. The Route of the Fourth Crusade