The endnotes of this report often commence with the abbreviation TRC, followed by one of the following abbreviations: ASAGR, AVS, CAR, IRSSA, NRA, RBS, and LAC. The documents so cited are located in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s database, housed at the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. At the end of each of these endnotes, in square brackets, is the document identification number for each of these documents. The following is a brief description of each database.
Active and Semi-Active Government Records (ASAGR) Database: The Active and Semi-Active Government Records database contains active and semi-active records collected from federal governmental departments that potentially intersected with the administration and management of the residential school system. Documents that were relevant to the history and/or legacy of the system were disclosed to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) in keeping with the federal government’s obligations in relation to the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement (IRSSA). Some of the other federal government departments included, but were not limited to, the Department of Justice, Health Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and National Defence. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada undertook the responsibility of centrally collecting and producing the records from these other federal departments to the TRC.
Audio/Video Statement (AVS) Database: The Audio/Video Statement database contains video and audio statements provided to the TRC at community hearings and regional and national events held by the TRC, as well as at other special events attended by the TRC.
National Research and Analysis (NRA) Database: The National Research and Analysis database contains records collected by the National Research and Analysis Directorate, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, formerly Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada (IRSRC). The records in the database were originally collected for the purpose of research into a variety of allegations, such as abuse in residential schools, and primarily resulted from court processes such as civil and criminal litigation, and later the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement (IRSSA), as well as from out-of-court processes such as Alternative Dispute Resolution. A majority of the records were collected from Aboriginal Affairs and
Northern Development Canada. The collection also contains records from other federal departments and religious entities. In the case of some records in the database that were provided by outside entities, the information in the database is incomplete. In those instances, the endnotes in the report reads, “No document location, no document file source.”
Within this report, Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs denotes the published annual reports created by the Government of Canada, and relating to Indian Affairs over the period from 1864 to 1997.
The Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development was created in 1966. In 2011, it was renamed Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development. Before 1966, different departments were responsible for the portfolios of Indian Affairs and Northern Affairs. The departments responsible for Indian Affairs were (in chronological order):
• The Department of the Secretary of State of Canada (to 1869)
• The Department of the Secretary of State for the Provinces (1869–1873)
• The Department of the Interior (1873–1880)
• The Department of Indian Affairs (1880–1936)
• The Department of Mines and Resources (1936–1950)
• The Department of Citizenship and Immigration (1950–1965)
• The Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources (1966)
• The Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (1966–1997)
The exact titles of Indian Affairs annual reports changed over time, and were named for the department.
RG10 (Indian Affairs Records Group) The records of RG10 at Library and Archives Canada are currently part of the R216, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development fonds. For clarity and brevity, in endnotes throughout this report, records belonging to the RG10 record group have been identified simply with their RG10 information.
Where a copy of an RG10 document held in a TRC database was used, the TRC database holding that copy is clearly identified, along with the RG10 information connected with the original document.
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Case Law
Arishenkoff v. British Columbia, 2004 BCCA 299 (CanLII).
Baxter v. Canada (Attorney General), 2006 CanLII 41673 (ONSC).
B(D) v. Canada (Attorney General), 2000 SKQB 574(CanLII).
Beattie v. Canada (Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development), 1997 CanLII 6343 (FC).
Bird v. Canada (Attorney General), 1999 CanLII 12476 (SKQB).
Blackwater v. Plint, 2001 BCSC 997 (Can LII).
Brown v. Attorney General of Canada, 2014 ONSC 6967 (CanLII).
Brown v. Canada, 2013 ONSC 5637.
Calder v. Attorney General (BC), [1973] SCJ No 56 (SCC).
Canada (Attorney General) v. Canadian Human Rights Commission, 2013 FCA 75
Canada (Attorney General) v. Desjarlais, 2005 ABQB 416 (CanLII).
Canada (Attorney General) v. Maracle, 2012 FC 105 (CanLII).
Canada (Human Rights Commission) v. Canada (Attorney General), 2012 FC 445 (CanLII).
Canada (Indian Affairs) v. Daniels, 2014 FCA 101 (CanLII).
Cloud v. Canada (Attorney General), [2001] OJ No 4163.
Cloud v. Canada (Attorney General), [2003] OJ No 2698.
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Cloud v. Canada (Attorney General), 2004 CanLII 45444 (ONCA).
C. M. v. Canada (Attorney General), 2004 SKQB 175(CanLII).
Daniels v. Canada, 2013 FC 6 (CanLII).
F. H. v. McDougall, [2008] 3 SCR 41.
First Nations Child and Family Caring Society v. Canada, 2011 CHRT 4.
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Fontaine v. Canada (Attorney General), 2013 SKCA 22.
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Harry Daniels, et al. v. Her Majesty the Queen as represented by The Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, et al., 2014 CanLII 68707 (SCC).
Kelly v. Canada (Attorney General), 2013 ONSC 1220.
M. A. v. Canada (Attorney General), [1999] SJ No 538 (SKQB).
M. C. C. v. Canada, [2001] OJ No 4163.
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Ochapowace Indian Band No. 71 v. Canada (Department of Indian Affairs and Northern
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Pictou Landing Band Council v. Canada (Attorney General), 2013 FC 342 (CanLII).
P.(W.) v. Canada (Attorney General), 1999 SKQB 17 (CanLII).
Q.(A.) v. Canada (Attorney General), 1998 CanLII 13810 (SKQB).
Quatell v. Attorney General of Canada, 2006 BCSC 1840.
Québec c. Commission Scolaire Crie, 2001 CanLII 20652 (QC CA).
R. v. Alkenbrack, 2011 BCPC 424.
R. v. Armitage, 2015 ONCJ 64 (CanLII).
R. v. Badger, 2013 SKQB 347.
R. v. Battaja, 2010 YKTC 145.
R. v. Boisseneau, 2006 ONSC 562.
R. v. Cappo, 2005 SKCA 134.
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R. v. J. O., 2007 QCCQ 716.
R. v. Joe, 2005 YKTC 21.
R. v. J. T., 2011 ONSC 7275 (CanLII).
R. v. Keepness, 2011 SKQB 293.
R. v. Klymok, 2002 ABPC 95.
R. v. Knowlton, 2005 ABPC 29 (CanLII).
R. v. Land, 2013 ONSC 6526.
R. v. Leaney, 2002 BCCA 67.
R. v. Loring, 2009 BCCA 166.
R. v. Makela, 2006 BCPC 320.
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R. v. NB, 2012 SKPC 99 (CanLII).
R. v. O’Connor [1992] BCJ No 2569.
R. v. O’Connor [1995] 4 SCR 411.
R. v. O’Connor, 1996 CanLII 8458 (BCSC).
R. v. O’Connor, 1996 CanLII 8393 (BCCA).
R. v. O’Connor, 1997 CanLII 4071 (BCCA).
R. v. O’Connor, 1998 CanLII 14987 (BCCA).
R. v. Ominayak, 2007 ABQB 442.
R. v. O. S., 2005 BCPC 727.
R. v. Paulette, 2010 NWTSC 31 (CanLII).
R. v. Pauchay, 2009 SKPC 35.
R. v. Quash, 2009 YKTC 54.
R. v. Renschler, 2005 MBPC 53233.
R. v. R. L., 2012 MBPC 22.
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R. v. Sharkey, 2011 BCSC 1541.
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R. v. Smickle, 2012 ONSC 602.
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R. v. Sparrow, (1990) 1. SCR 1075.
R. v. Tymiak, 2012 BCCA 40.
R. v. Van der Peet, [1996] 2 SCR 507.
R. v. Whitehead, 2008 SKPC 90 (CanLII).
R. v. W.R.B., 2010 MBQB 102.
R. v. W.R.G., 2011 BCPC 330.
Reference whether “Indians” includes “Eskimo” Inhabitants of the Province of Quebec, [1939] SCR 104.
Re Residential Schools, [2000] AJ No 47 (ABQB).
R. J. G. v. Canada (Attorney General), 2004 SKCA 102 (CanLII).
St. Catharine’s Milling and Lumber Co. v. R., 13 SCR 577, 1887 CanLII 3 (SCC).
T. W. N. A. v. Clarke, 2001 BCSC 1177 (CanLII).
United States v. Winans, 198 U.S. 371, 25 S.Ct. 662 (1905).
W.(D.) v. Canada (Attorney General), 1999 SKQB 187 (CanLII).
Statutes
Aboriginal Languages Recognition Act, CCSM c A1.5.
An Act Concerning Indians, Statutes of Canada 1876, chapter 18, section 86.1, reproduced in Venne, Indian Acts, 47.
An Act Concerning Indians, Statutes of Canada 1927, chapter 98, section 110, reproduced in Venne, Indian Acts, 285–287.
An Act Respecting Indians, Statutes of Canada 1951, chapter 29, section 113, reproduced in Venne, Indian Acts, 350.
Adoption Act, CCSM c A2.
Adoption Act, RSBC 1996, c 5.
Adoption Act, SNL 1999, c A-2.1.
Canada Health Act, RSC 1985, c C-6, s 3.
Charter of the French Language, RSQ, c C-11, s 97.
Child and Family Services Act, RSO 1990, c C-11.
Child and Family Services Act, SNWT (Nu) 1997, c 13.
Child and Family Services Act, SS 1989-90, c C-7.2.
Child and Family Services Act, SY 2008.
Child and Family Services Authorities Act, CCSM c C90.
Child Protection Act, RSPEI 1988, c C-5.1.
Child, Youth and Family Enhancement Act, RSA 2000, c C-12.
Children and Family Services Act, SNS 1990, c 5.
Children and Youth Care and Protection Act, SNL 2010, c C-12.2.
Class Actions Act, SS 2001, c C-12.01.
Class Actions Act, SNL 2001, c C-18.1.
Class Proceedings Act, CCSM c C-130.
Class Proceedings Act, RSBC 1996, c 50.
Class Proceedings Act, RSNB 2011, c 125.
Class Proceedings Act, SA 2003, c C-16.5.
Class Proceedings Act, SNS 2007, c 28.
Class Proceedings Act, SO 1992, c 6.
Consolidation of Inuit Language Protection Act, SNu 2008, c 17.
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, SC 1996, c 19.
Corrections and Conditional Release Act, SC 1992 c 20.
Corrections and Conditional Release Act, SOR/92-620.
Criminal Code of Canada, RCS 1985 c C-46.
Criminal Code of Canada, RCS 1985 c C-46 as amended by SC 1997 c 30.
Education Act, SNu 2008, c 15.
Education Act for Cree, Inuit and Naskapi Native Persons, RSQ, c I-14 at Part X.
Family Services Act, SNB 1980, c F-2.2.
First Nations Jurisdiction over Education in British Columbia Act, SC 2006, c 10.
First Peoples’ Heritage, Language and Culture Act, RSBC 1996, c 147, s 6.
First Peoples’ Heritage, Language and Culture Regulation, BC Reg 65/2011, s 1.
Hamilton Health Sciences Corp. v. D. H., 2014 ONCJ 603 (CanLII).
Hamilton Health Sciences Corp. v. D. H., 2015 ONCJ 229.
Harry Daniels, et al. v. Her Majesty the Queen as represented by the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, et al., 2014 CanLII 68707 (SCC).
Indian Act, RSC, 1985, c 1–5.
Indian Act (Amendment to), RSC 1927 c 98.
Limitations Act, RSA 2000 c L-2.
Limitations of Actions Act, RSS 1978 c L-15.
Limitation of Actions Amendment Act, S.M. 2002 c 5.
Mi’kmaq Education Act, SC 1998, c 24.
Mãori Language Act, No. 176 of 1987.
Official Languages Act, RSNWT 1988, c O-1.
Official Languages Act, RSNWT (Nu) 1988, c O-1.
Official Languages Act, SNu 2008, c 10.
Public Law No. 101-477, October 30, 1990.
Regulation respecting the language of instruction of children residing on Indian reserves, RRQ, c C-11, r 8.
Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act, SC 2013, c 21.
Statutes of Canada (57-58 Vic, cap. 32, 1895), ss. 137–139 under the 11th clause, pages 232–233.
Statutes of Canada (58-59 Vic, 1895), Orders-in-council, Canada, pages liv–lviii: o/c of 10 Nov. 1894, vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxviii, page 832.
Youth Protection Act, CQLR c P-34.1.
Yukon Health Act, SY 2002, c 106, s 5.
“Affidavit of Phillip Fontaine,” in Court File No. 05-CV-294716CP (Fontaine v. Canada), 2006.
“Affidavit of Darcy Merkur, sworn July 28,” in Court File No. 00-CV-192059CP (Baxter v. Canada (Attorney General)), 2006.
“Agreement in Principle,” between Canada, the Plaintiffs, the Assembly of First Nations, and the Anglican, Presbyterian, United and Roman Catholic Entities, 10 November 2005. http://www.residentialschoolsettlement.ca/AIP.pdf.
Canada. House of Commons. Bill C-10: An Act to Enact the Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act and to Amend the State Immunity Act, the Criminal Code, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, the Youth Criminal Justice Act, the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and other Acts. 41st Parliament, 1st Session, 13 March 2012.
Canada. House of Commons. Bill C-32: An Act to Enact the Canadian Victims Bill of Rights and to Amend Certain Acts. 41st Parliament, 2nd Session, 23 April 2015.
British Columbia and First Nations Health Society. British Columbia Tripartite Framework Agreement on First Nation Health Governance, 13 October 2011. http://www.pnwbha.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Tripartite-Agreement.pdf.
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