ABBREVIATIONS

Symbols

* When prefixed to a Greek word/form, it identifies a root form
► Indicates either a sequence of words in a particular order or a Greek word/form derived from another
◄ Points to a preceding word modified (i.e., a head word) or a sequence of words in a particular order
! When following a parenthetical translation gloss, marks an imperative-mood verb (i.e., a command)
× “times” (indicates how frequently a word or form occurs, e.g., 72×)
≠ not, is not the same as

General and Bibliographic

adj. adjective
adv. adverb
alt. alternate
app. appendix
aug. augment
BDAG Bauer, W., F. W. Danker, W. F. Arndt, and F. W. Gingrich. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
ca. circa, approximately
CEB Common English Bible
cf. confer, compare
chap. chapter
CL Danker, F. W., with K. Krug. The Concise Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.
conj. conjunction
ctr. contrast (as a verb)
c.v. connecting vowel
dbl. double
decl. declension
d.o. direct object
ed. editor, edition, edited by
e.g. exempli gratia, for example
Eng. English (often when a verse reference differs from MT and/or LXX)
ESV English Standard Version
fig. figure
f.m. form marker (also known as tense suffix/morpheme)
gend. gender
GNT Good News Translation
GTJ Grace Theological Journal
GW GOD’S WORD Translation
HCSB Holman Christian Standard Bible
i.e. id est, that is
interj. interjection
interrog. interrogative
i.o. indirect object
ISV International Standard Version
KJV King James Version
LEH Lust, J., E. Eynikel, and K. Hauspie. Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint. Rev. ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2003.
LN Louw, J. P., and E. A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. 2nd ed. 2 vols. New York: United Bible Societies, 1989.
LSJ Liddell, H. G., R. Scott, and H. S. Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed. with rev. supplement. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
LXX Septuagint or Old Greek (not differentiated in this book)
MBG Mounce, W. D. The Morphology of Biblical Greek. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.
MHT Moulton, J. H., W. F. Howard, and N. Turner. A Grammar of New Testament Greek. 4 vols. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1908–76.
MLS Muraoka, T. A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint. Louvain: Peeters, 2009.
M-M Moulton, J. H., and G. Milligan. Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament. 1930. Reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1997.
MT Masoretic Text (often when a verse reference differs from English and/or LXX)
NA Nestle, E., B. and K. Aland, et al. Novum Testamentum Graece. 28th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012.
NASB New American Standard Bible
NCV New Century Version
NET The NET Bible (New English Translation)
NETS New English Translation of the Septuagint
NIV New International Version
NJB The New Jerusalem Bible
NLT New Living Translation (2nd ed.)
NRSV New Revised Standard Version
NT New Testament
orig. original, originally
p(p). page(s)
p.e. personal ending
PG Patrologia graeca, edited by J.-P. Migne, 162 vols. Paris, 1857–86.
PGM Papyri graecae magicae: Die griechischen Zauberpapyri. Edited by K. Preisendanz. 3 vols. Leipzig and Berlin: Teubner, 1928–41.
prep. preposition
pron. pronoun
REB Revised English Bible
redup. reduplication
RSV Revised Standard Version
subst. substantival, substantive
s.v. sub verbo (“under the word”), refers to a specific entry in a lexicon under the word that follows the abbreviation
UBS Aland, B., et al. The Greek New Testament. 4th rev. ed. New York: United Bible Societies, 1994.
v(v). verse(s), version
v.l. varia lectio (“variant reading,” i.e., a textual variant)
vs. versus

Old Testament

Gen. Genesis
Exod. Exodus
Lev. Leviticus
Num. Numbers
Deut. Deuteronomy
Josh. Joshua
Judg. Judges
Ruth Ruth
1–2 Sam. 1–2 Samuel
1–2 Kings 1–2 Kings
1–2 Chron. 1–2 Chronicles
Ezra Ezra
Neh. Nehemiah
Esther Esther
Job Job
Ps(s). Psalm(s)
Prov. Proverbs
Eccles. Ecclesiastes
Song Song of Songs/Solomon
Isa. Isaiah
Jer. Jeremiah
Lam. Lamentations
Ezek. Ezekiel
Dan. Daniel
Hosea Hosea
Joel Joel
Amos Amos
Obad. Obadiah
Jon. Jonah
Mic. Micah
Nah. Nahum
Hab. Habakkuk
Zeph. Zephaniah
Hag. Haggai
Zech. Zechariah
Mal. Malachi

New Testament

Matt. Matthew
Mark Mark
Luke Luke
John John
Acts Acts
Rom. Romans
1–2 Cor. 1–2 Corinthians
Gal. Galatians
Eph. Ephesians
Phil. Philippians
Col. Colossians
1–2 Thess. 1–2 Thessalonians
1–2 Tim. 1–2 Timothy
Titus Titus
Philem. Philemon
Heb. Hebrews
James James
1–2 Pet. 1–2 Peter
1–3 John 1–3 John
Jude Jude
Rev. Revelation

Old Testament Apocrypha and Septuagint

Bar. Baruch
1–2 Esd. 1–2 Esdras (2 Esdras = Ezra, Nehemiah)
Jdt. Judith
1–4 Kgdms. 1–4 Kingdoms (= 1–2 Samuel, 1–2 Kings)
Let. Jer. Letter of Jeremiah (= Baruch 6)
1–4 Macc. 1–4 Maccabees
Sir. Sirach
Wis. Wisdom of Solomon

Apostolic Fathers

Barn. Barnabas
1–2 Clem. 1–2 Clement
Did. Didache
Herm. Sim. Shepherd of Hermas, Similitude(s)
Ign. Eph. Ignatius, To the Ephesians
Ign. Magn. Ignatius, To the Magnesians
Ign. Phld. Ignatius, To the Philadelphians
Trad. Elders Tradition of the Elders

Old Testament Pseudepigrapha

Apoc. Sedr. Apocalypse of Sedrach
1 En. 1 Enoch
Gk. Apoc. Ezra Greek Apocalypse of Ezra
Let. Aris. Letter of Aristeas
Pss. Sol. Psalms of Solomon
T. Ab. Testament of Abraham (rev. B)
T. Ash. Testament of Asher
T. Benj. Testament of Benjamin
T. Levi Testament of Levi
T. Naph. Testament of Naphtali

Josephus

Ag. Ap. Against Apion
Ant. Jewish Antiquities
J.W. Jewish War
Life The Life

Parsing Categories and Abbreviations

Category Abbreviation Meaning Short Forma
Person 1st 2nd 3rd first, second, third 1 2 3
Number sg. pl. singular, plural S P
Tense-Form aor. pres. impf. pf. plpf. fut.b aorist, present, imperfect, perfect, pluperfect, future A P I R L F
Voice act. mid. pass. active, middle, passive A M P
Mood ind. impv. subj. opt. inf. ptc. indicative, imperative, subjunctive, optative, infinitive, participle I M S O N P
Gender masc. fem. neut. masculine, feminine, neuter M F N
Case nom. gen. dat. acc. voc. nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative N G D A V

a In some charts and reference sections, the short-form abbreviations are used. See the explanation of the short-form parsing system for verbs at the end of chap. 13.

b A superscript 1 or 2 before a tense-form means “first” or “second” (e.g., 1aor. = first aorist; 2R = second perfect).