Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Abdullah (Muhammad’s father),
76Alexander the Great,
25,
49,
53American Individualism (Hoover),
181
Aminah (Muhammad’s mother),
76“Anglo-Saxon Capitalism,”
138Arabian Peninsula, black slavery and,
83–85; caravans and trade in,
72–78,
80–81,
86; as commercial empire,
86; commercial interests and,
72–74; faith and,
74,
77,
81,
84,
86,
92; profit contracts and,
73–74; religion and trade in,
74; trading enterprise of,
21,
72–93Arabic numeral system,
87“Army of Destruction,”
82artists, music recording,
184,
209“aspirational journey,” of entrepreneurs,
5“assembly of merchants,”
20Assurnasirpal II (king),
48Assyrian Empire,
9,
25,
48bandeirantes, of Portugal,
129
bartering, primitive,
5–7battles, Hannibal and,
49–50Bell, Alexander Graham,
173Bell Telephone Company,
173Bigelow Expandable Activity Module,
206–7Britain,
43,
68–69,
113,
137,
161; buccaneers of,
138–40; experimental science and,
144–45; Industrial Revolution and,
143–45; joint-stock companies of,
140–42; productivity transformed by Industrial Revolution in,
145–46; slave trade of,
138–39; triangular expeditions of,
139British colonial project,
142“Build Your Dream” (BYD),
192–95Byzantine civilization,
70–71“capital accumulation,”
106capital-allocation mechanisms,
18–19Carnegie Steel Company,
169–70chief executive officer (CEO),
77–78China,
87–88,
94–100; agricultural advancements in,
102; batteries and BYD of,
192–95; electric vehicles and,
193–95; entrepreneurs from,
192–95; Mongolian victory and stagnation of,
113–14; paper money and currency shortage of,
103; population and,
105–6,
114; taxes and,
104China’s Cosmopolitan Empire (Lewis),
99
Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors (Paludan),
100
Cicero, Marcus Tullius,
46,
57Colosimo, James (“Big Jim”),
178–79Commager, Henry Steele,
165commerce,
15–16,
20,
74–76,
81,
115,
144,
214; conquest by,
34; Islamic,
86–93; Phoenician maritime exploration and,
31–32; Song dynasty improvements in,
107–8; Tang and zoning laws for,
100commercial empire, Arabian Peninsula as,
86companies, Britain’s joint-stock,
140–42“Company of One Hundred Associates,”
135Competition and Entrepreneurship (Kirzner),
147
“conquest by commerce,”
34Continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, The (Yingzong),
111
converts, commerce and,
81de Córdoba, Francisco Hernández,
125Count of Monte Cristo, The (Dumas),
34
Crassus, Marcus Licinius,
63,
67–68Don Baxter International,
181–82East, the, Silk Road and,
101–2Edison Electric Light Company,
173Elizabeth I, (queen),
141Empire of Their Own, An (Gabler),
183–84
End of Money, The (Wolman),
103
engines,
175,
206; gasoline-powered,
176; steam,
68–69,
146,
148–49,
151–53,
158,
176; water-pumping,
148–49,
152; Watt double-acting steam,
151–53engraving, of ancient Phoenician ship,
33“Enterprise of the Indies,”
123entrepreneurs,
5,
24–25,
78,
102,
135–36,
143,
147; African American,
2,
173–75,
182–84; Capone as underworld,
177–81; China’s,
192–95; Chinese “tea merchants” as,
98,
115; equestrian,
58–59; evolution in roles of,
2–3; explorer-,
118–20,
124; globalization variances and directions of,
203; history and adventures of,
1–3,
213; immigrants as,
165,
167–70,
173,
176,
178,
183–84; investor-,
184–85; Latin America and,
195–98; legendary,
177; Mesopotamia as original society of,
22; new opportunities by discoveries of,
123–24; Opeke as Nigerian,
198–200; outside society,
59; PCs and,
186–89,
213; “purposeful innovation” of,
3; Russian,
200–203; Song dynasty and power of,
105–6,
213; space age,
204–5; U.S.,
164–89; vice and virtue of Roman,
56–58; women,
135.
See also inventor-entrepreneurs;
maritime-entrepreneursentrepreneurship. See specific topics
Epic of Gilgamesh (Noah),
10
evolution, of entrepreneurial roles,
2–3exotic goods, trade of,
42family-run enterprises,
31First Great Civilizations, The (Hawkes),
16
“the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms,”
100foreign entrepreneurs,
24–25French East India Company,
137French West India Company,
136gasoline-powered engine,
176Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie (GWIC),
133glass, Phoenician discovery of,
44government, totalitarian,
8gross domestic profit (GDP),
161,
196Hammurabi (Babylonian king),
17Hanging Gardens of Babylon,
12al Hassan, Aboul Zeyd,
97“Her Majesty’s Empire,”
137–38history, of entrepreneurship,
1–3,
213History of Civilization (Winks),
81
“Ho-pen in Tang-Song Period,”
112–13Hudson’s Bay Company,
141import/export trade,
90–92Indonesia (Fryer and Jackson),
131
Innovators, The: Essential Guide to Business Thinkers, Achievers and Entrepreneurs, The (Davis),
43
intellectual breakthroughs,
9–10investor-entrepreneurs,
184–85Iron Age Mediterranean,
39–40Irving, Washington,
76–77bint Khuwaylid, Khadijah,
77–79“knockoff” business,
45–46legends, entrepreneurs as,
177letter of credit (LOC),
17–18literature, Mesopotamian,
10London Virginia Company,
141Long Divergence, The: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East (Kuran),
92
Lords Seventeen, as power merchants,
130–32“make good,” as merchant code,
17maritime-entrepreneurs,
32–35,
43; Africa and Phoenician,
36–37; Celtic tin trade and,
36–40; Europa and,
48–50; gold trade and,
37–38,
42; Greek art trade and,
37–38; as “lords of the sea,”
39; of Phoenicia,
25–50; pirate accusations and,
46–48; slave trade and,
38,
47,
50,
54,
138–39; trade of exotic goods and,
42maritime exploration,
31–32massacre, of foreign traders in China,
97masters, slaves transformed to,
63–67measurements, systems for,
9–10mercantile backgrounds,
34merchant-capitalists,
16–19merchants,
2,
26,
64–65; BEIC shareholders as ordinary,
140–42; companies,
137–38; guilds,
19–20; Islamic Empire producers and,
90–91; Lords Seventeen as power,
130–32; Old Babylonian period,
16,
19,
21; Song dynasty and ambition of,
103–5; tea,
98,
115“Merchant’s Joy, The,”
104Mesopotamia,
7–12,
213; credit and economy of,
17; fading civilization of,
25; forward contract origin and,
18; loans as capital-allocation mechanisms in,
18–19; LOC in,
17–18; merchant guilds and foreign trade of,
13–16,
19–20; monetary system of,
22; as original entrepreneurial society,
22; origins of commercial colonies in,
23–25Millionaire Next Door, The (Stanley and Danko),
59
Monopoly, Parker Brothers,
181de Montaguere, d’Oliver,
136Montezuma’s civilization,
127music recording artists,
184,
209My Life and Work (Ford and Crowther),
177
Nahum (Hebrew prophet),
24–25National Prohibition Act,
179National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB),
210–11natives, of North America,
142nautical engineers,
28–30Neo-Babylonian Empire,
9,
48–49New Strategies for Social Innovation (Anderson),
122–23
North America, natives of,
142numeral system, Arabic,
87occupational diversity,
12–13Old Babylonian period,
16,
19,
21“Old World” illnesses,
124Oliver, Marilyn Tower,
80Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,
45outsourcing, globalization and,
191paper, commerce and,
86–88Parker Brothers, Monopoly and,
181Pax Romana (Roman peace),
61
People of the First Cities (Goode),
45
Phoenicia,
2; commercial expansion of,
31–35; exports of,
27–28; family-run enterprises leading in,
31; maritime-entrepreneurs of,
25–50; purple dye extracted from
Murex in,
27; resources derived from,
26–28; women abducted by pirates in,
46Phoenicians,
2,
9,
83,
86,
213; civilization of,
49; engraving of ancient ship by,
33; glass discovered by,
44; Greco-Roman influence on,
48–50; legacy of,
41–48; maritime-entrepreneurs and,
32–33,
35–37; maritime exploration and commerce of,
31–32; as nautical engineers,
28–30; Old Testament mentioning handiwork of,
44; as originators of “knockoff” business,
45–46; resources derived by,
26–28; as seaborne profiteers,
28–30; trade routes of,
28,
32Phoenicians, The:
Purple Empire of the Ancient World, The (Herm),
29
“Pillars of Heracles,”
36pollination, of Islamic Empire,
86–87pollinators, in Phoenician legacy,
41–43primitive times, bartering in,
5–7producers, in Phoenician legacy,
43–46production, Civil War and mass,
164–67production pioneers, Darby as,
146–49; Arkwright as,
155–58; Boulton as,
150,
152–53; Crompton as,
158–60; Hargreaves as,
153–55; of Industrial Revolution,
146–63,
213; inventor-entrepreneurs as,
146–63; Newcomen as,
148–50; Watt as,
150–53; Wedgwood as,
160–63profits,
28–30,
73–74,
84–85,
129,
214; British colonial project and,
142; coffee,
89–90; entrepreneurship and kickback,
56; GDP and,
161,
196; passive equity lead by idle,
21–22; Roman Empire and,
61Protestant Ethic, The (Weber),
173–74
“purposeful innovation,” of entrepreneurs,
3Rebels Against the Future (Sale),
145–46
religion,
78,
84,
108–11,
138,
170,
173–74; Arabian Peninsula trade and,
74; “Covenanters” and,
130; “Dissenters” of,
147,
149,
161; intersection of commerce and,
74–76,
214; Quraysh, commerce and,
74–76Republic, The (Cicero),
46
resources, Phoenician derived,
26–28revenue, taxes and growth of,
133Richelieu (cardinal),
135“Robber Baron” industrialists,
167–72Rockefeller, William, Sr. (“Big Bill”),
170–71Roman peace (
Pax Romana),
61Royal African Company,
141Rutan Aircraft Factory,
210seaborne profiteers,
28–30Singer Manufacturing Company,
166–67slaves,
59,
119,
135,
142; Arabian Peninsula and black,
83–85; indigenous,
118,
122,
124,
126–27,
129; labor of,
68,
165; mass rebellions of Roman,
62–63; masters transformed from,
63–67; merchants of,
64–65; Muslims and profitability of,
84–85; Roman Empire and,
60,
61–62,
83; slave-merchants and freedom of,
64–65; spoils of war and,
60–63; trade and,
38,
47,
50,
54,
138–39socioeconomic system,
117de Sousa, Gabriel Soares,
129space age, entrepreneurs and,
204–5spaceship company, Virgin Galactic,
209–11spiritual outlooks,
106–7Story of Britain, The (Fraser),
139–40
Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita (Pacioli),
118
Tang Xizong (emperor),
100Ten Faces of Innovation, The (Kelley and Littman),
153–54
totalitarian government,
8trade,
28,
32–33,
42,
100,
136; added-value goods production and,
14–15; Arabian Peninsula and,
21,
72–93; art,
37–38; Britain’s slave,
138–39; Canadian fur,
124; caravans and Arab,
72–78,
80–81,
86; enterprises,
21,
72–93; expeditions,
16–17; foreign,
13–16,
19–20; import/export,
90–92; Silk Road of China route for,
95–97; theft and plunder of Roman,
58.
See also maritime-entrepreneurs;
slavesunderworld entrepreneur,
177–81United States Steel Corporation,
170Upper Paleolithic period,
5–7Vanderbilt, Cornelius,
167Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC),
131–33Virgin Galactic (spaceship company),
209–11Warner Brothers Records,
184Wedgwood and Bentley,
162Wen Tianxiang (emperor),
114Western Civilization: Beyond Boundaries (Noble),
35
western sea power, Carthage as,
40–41What Life Was Like in the Land of the Dragon,
114
Winning (Welch and Welch),
65
World Is Flat, The (Friedman),
190
Wozniak, Steve (“Woz”),
186Zobier (Muhammad’s uncle),
76