The numbers in bold at the end of each entry refer to the numbers of the Letters. An ‘f’ suffix denotes that the reference is to be found in a footnote.
CB = Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath; CIE = Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire; CSI = Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India; DCL = Doctor of Civil Law; FRS = Fellow of the Royal Society; FSA = Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries; GCB = Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath; GCMG = Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George; GCSI = Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India; KB = Knight Bachelor; KCB = Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath; KCH = Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order; KCMG = Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George; KCSI = Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India; KG = Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter; KH = Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order; KP = Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick; KT = Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle; LLD = Doctor of Law; MA = Master of Arts; MD = Doctor of Medicine; MGS (medal) = Military General Service (medal); OM = Order of Merit; PC = Privy Councillor; RA = Royal Artillery; RE = Royal Engineers; RN = Royal Navy; VC = Victoria Cross
Aberdare, Lord [Mr Bruce in the Letters]
Henry Austin Bruce, P.C., G.C.B., D.C.L., 1st Baron Aberdare; born at Duffryn, Glamorganshire on the 16th Apr. 1815; Home Secretary 1868–73, Lord President of the Council 1873–74. A close friend of both the Dallas and Napier families, he married one of Sir William’s daughters. He died 25th Feb. 1895. 125
Aberdeen, Earl of
George Hamilton Gordon, K.G., K.T., M.A., F.R.S., F.H.S., F.S.A., 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Viscount Formartine; Lord Haddo, Methlic, Tarves and Kellie, Viscount Gordon of Aberdeen; born on the 28th Jan. 1784, succeeded his grandfather as 4th Earl, 13th Aug. 1801. Ambassador to Vienna, 1813–14; Foreign Secretary 1828–30 and 1841–46. Prime Minister, 1852–55. He died in London, on the 13th Dec. 1860. 35f
Agar, Capt. The Hon. C. W. Herbert, 44th Regiment
Ens., 30th Mar. 1844; Lt., 27th Feb. 1846; Capt., 25th Mar. 1853. Killed in the assault on the Redan, 18th Jun. 1855. 59
Airey, Gen. Sir Richard, K.C.B.
Ens., 15th Mar. 1821; Lt., 4th Dec. 1823; Capt., 22nd Oct. 1825; Maj., 9th May, 1834; Lt. Col., 10th Feb. 1838; Col., 11th Nov. 1851; Maj. Gen., 12th Dec. 1854. Served throughout the Crimean War, as Quarter Master General of the Army of the East. He was present at the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and at the Siege and Fall of Sebastopol (Medal and clasps, K.C.B., Commander of the Legion of Honour, Commander 1st Class of the Military Order of Savoy and 2nd Class of the Mejedie). 70, 84, 89, 91, 115
Alexander II, Czar of All the Russias
Born 29th Apr. 1818; succeeded to the throne 2nd Mar. 1855, and continued vigorously to prosecute the war. In 1856 he agreed to a negotiated peace, which virtually returned Russia to the status quo ante, and did nothing to protect Turkey. Despite his passion for all things military, his greatest achievement was the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. He was assassinated 13th Mar. 1881. 91, 99f, 107
Allonville, Armand Octave Marie d’, General of Division
General of Brigade, Chasseurs d’Afrique, Mar. 1854; General of Division, May, 1855. Elements of his Brigade were in action at Balaklava, and were responsible for considerably reducing the casualties suffered by the British Light Brigade. In Sep. 1855 he was transferred to Eupatoria with three of his regiments where he remained to the end of the war in command of the French, Turkish and (briefly) British troops. 81f, 82
Autemarre d’Erville, Charles Francois Xavier d’, General of Division General D’Autemarre d’Erville was appointed General of Brigade, 3rd Jan., 1852. He was assigned to command the 1st Brigade of the 2nd Division of the Army of the Orient in Mar. 1854. Promoted in Mar. 1855, he was assigned to command the 1st Division of the 1st Corps of the army during the remainder of the Siege of Sebastopol. Served at Alma and Inkermann, and at the siege and fall of Sebastopol. 81, 82
Baillie, Maj. Gen. Duncan James, Royal Horse Guards
Cornet, 28th Feb. 1845; Lt., 28th Sep. 1847; Capt., 21st Apr. 1854; Maj. and Bt. Lt. Col., 5th Jun. 1866; Lt. Col. Commanding the Regiment, 7th Dec. 1866; Col., 5th Jun. 1871; Maj. Gen., 9th Mar. 1882. Baillie never saw any active service; his visit to the Crimea in 1856 was the closest he came. 132
Barker, Lt. Frederick Grote, 68th Regiment
Born 1834; Ens., 12th Dec. 1851; Lt., 17th Mar. 1854; killed in action at Inkermann, 5th Nov. 1854. 12
Barlow, Lt. Gen. Maurice, C.B.
Ens., 21st Jul. 1814; Lt., 23rd Mar. 1815; Capt., 20th Dec. 1821; Maj., 12th Jun. 1828; Brevet Lt. Col., 23rd Nov. 1841; Lt. Col., 24th Dec. 1847; Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Brig. Gen., 30th Jul. 1855; Maj. Gen., 26th Oct. 1858; Lt. Gen., 24th Apr. 1866; Col., 14th Regiment of Foot, 9th Aug. 1870. Served as a general in the trenches during the Siege of Sebastopol, and commanded a brigade in the 4th Division at its fall. He was awarded the C.B.; the Crimea medal with clasp for Sebastopol; the Sardinian Al Valore Militare; the Legion of Honour (5th Class); the Turkish Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class) and the Turkish medal. 69
Barnard, Lt. Gen. Henry William, C.B.
Ens., 9th Jun. 1814; Capt., 15th Aug. 1822; Lt. Col., 17th May, 1831; Col., 9th Nov. 1846; Maj. Gen., 20th Jun. 1854; Local Lt. Gen., 30th Jul. 1855. Served in the Crimea initially as a Brigade commander, and then as commander of the Second Division. He was awarded the C.B.; the Crimea medal with one clasp and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 26, 29, 70, 73, 84, 91, 97, 98, 101, 104, 127, 128, 130
Bell, Maj. Gen. Edward William Deddington, V.C., C.B.
Born, 18th May, 1824; 2nd Lt., 15th Apr. 1842; Lt., 17th Nov. 1843; Capt., 18th Dec. 1848; Bt. Maj., 12th Dec. 1854; Maj., 23rd Mar. 1855; Brevet Lt. Col., 26th Dec. 1856; Lt. Col., 8th Jan. 1858; Col., 17th May, 1862; later Maj. Gen.. Bell served in the Crimea from the first landing, including the battles of Alma and Inkermann, and the siege of Sebastopol. He was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions at Alma. He also received the C.B., the Crimea medal with three clasps, the Legion of Honour (5th Class); the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Medal. He later served in India during the mutiny, receiving the Mutiny Medal with clasp for Lucknow. Bell died in Belfast on 10 November 1879. 7
Bentinck, General Sir Henry John William, K.C.B.
Ens., 25th Mar. 1813; Lt. & Capt., 18th Jan. 1820; Capt. & Lt. Col., 16th May, 1829; Col., 23rd Nov. 1841; Maj. Gen., 20th Jun. 1854; Col., 28th Regiment, 11th Oct. 1854; Lt. Gen., 24th Apr. 1860; General, 8th Dec. 1867. Commanded the Guards Brigade during the Crimean War, until 8th Nov. 1854, including the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann (wounded in the arm), siege of Sebastopol; commanded Fourth Division Jun.–Oct. 1855. Sir Henry was awarded the K.C.B.; the Crimea medal with four clasps; the Legion of Honour (3rd Class); the Al Valore Militare; the Order of the Mejedie (2nd Class), and the Turkish medal. 47, 54, 58, 63, 71
Blackwood, Capt. Sir Francis, RN, 4th Bart.
Born 11th Nov. 1838, entered the Royal Navy in 1850; succeeded to the title on the death of his brother in 1854; became Commander 1869; Capt. (retired), 1886. Sir Francis served in the Crimea, and was awarded the Crimea medal with two clasps, and the Turkish medal. He died in 1924. 10
Blakeney, Brevet Maj. Robert, 48th Regiment
Ens., 3rd Nov. 1846; Lt., 10th Sep. 1847; Capt., 2nd Apr. 1852; Bt. Maj. 6th Jun. 1856; Maj., 24th Sep. 1858. Maj. Blakeney served in the Crimea from 2nd Jun. 1855, at the siege and fall of Sebastopol, and on detached duty in the Dockyard from 14th Jan. to 14th Mar. 1856. He was awarded the Crimea medal with clasp for Sebastopol and the Turkish medal. 134
Blake, Col. Frederick Rodolph, C.B., 33rd Regiment
Ens., 30th Jun. 1825; Lt., 14th Aug. 1827; Capt., 23rd Aug. 1831; Maj., 14th Apr. 1843; Lt. Col., 3rd Oct. 1848; Col., 28th Nov. 1854. Col. Blake commanded the 33 rd in the Crimea from the landing until being wounded in the assault on the Redan on the 18th Jun. 1855. He was invalided home and died of his wounds the following August. 10
Blane, Col. Robert, C.B., Unattached
Ens., 1st Nov. 1831; Lt., 25th Mar. 1836; Capt., 8th Jun. 1838; Maj., 11th Nov. 1851; Lt. Col., 12th Dec. 1854; Col., 11th Apr. 1860. Col. Blane served in the Crimea as Assistant Adjutant-General, and subsequently as Military Secretary, including the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was awarded the C.B.; the Crimea medal with four clasps; the Legion of Honour (5th Class); the Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus (Commander 2nd Class); the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish medal. 112, 118
Bosquet, Maréchal Pierre Joseph François
Born 10th Nov. 1810, Bosquet saw service in Algeria from 1834, rising rapidly to the rank of General of Division, 10th Aug. 1853. With the outbreak of war Bosquet was assigned to command the 2nd Division of the Army of the Orient, and gave valuable service at the battle of the Alma. In October he was placed in command of the Corps of Observation, which he commanded until the cessation of hostilities, including at the battle of Inkermann. He was wounded in the assault of the 8th Sep. and left the Crimea on Oct. 17, 1855. His Crimean services were rewarded by Napoleon III with the baton of a Maréchal of France. He died on the 4th Feb. 1861. 26, 29, 32, 47
Brooks, 1901 Cpl. William, 46th Regiment
William Brooks, a labourer, enlisted in the 46th Regiment on 13th Jan. 1844. He sailed for the Crimea with the main body of the regiment, and landed at Balaklava on the 8th Nov. 1854. He died of cholera on 25th Nov. 1854, and was posthumously awarded the Crimea medal with clasp for Sebastopol. 24
Brown, Gen. Sir George, G.C.B., K.H.
Born, 1790; Ens., 23rd Jan. 1806; Lt., 18th Sep. 1806; Capt., 20th Jun. 1811; Maj., 26th May, 1814; Lt. Col., 29th Sep. 1814; Col., 6th May, 1831; Maj. Gen., 23rd Nov. 1841; Lt. Gen., 11th Nov. 1851; Col. Commandant, Rifle Brigade, 18th Jan. 1855; General, 7th Sep. 1855. Sir George served at the siege and capture of Copenhagen in 1807, in the Peninsula from Aug. 1808 to Jul. 1811; and again from Jul. 1813, to May, 1814 (twice wounded). Served afterwards in the American War (twice wounded). He commanded the Light Division during the Crimean War, including the battles of the Alma (horse shot under him) Balaklava and Inkermann (severely wounded – shot through the arm), and siege of Sebastopol. He received the G.C.B., the MGS Medal with seven clasps; the Crimea medal with four clasps, the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, the Order of the Mejedie (1st Class), the Al Valore Militare and the Turkish medal for these services. Sir George was a famous martinet, with a deep hatred of informal dress. He died in 1865. 37, 41, 59, 60, 61
Browne, Capt. Hon. Cavendish, 7th Regiment
Ens., 5th Nov. 1847; Lt., 25th Sep. 1849; Capt., 4th Aug. 1854. Killed in the trenches before Sebastopol, 22nd Mar. 1855. 38
Bruat, Admiral, French Navy
Born 26th May, 1796; Vice Admiral 1852; Admiral 1855. In 1853 he took command of the French Channel Squadron, and in 1854 became second-in-command of the French Black Sea squadron, succeeding to overall command on the departure of Admiral Hamelin. He left the Crimean theatre on the 4th Nov. 1854, and died en route for France on 25th Nov. 98
Bruce, Mr. – see Aberdare, Lord
Brummell, 1742 Sgt. William, 46th Regiment
William Brummell, a servant, enlisted in the 46th Regiment on the 26th Sep. 1842, sailed for the Crimea with the main body of the regiment, and landed at Balaklava on the 8th Nov. 1854. He was wounded in the trenches before Sebastopol on the 21st Dec. 1854, and his leg was amputated. He was invalided to England on 29th Apr. 1855, where he was discharged as ‘unfit’ on 12th Jul. 1855. He received the Crimea medal with clasp for Sebastopol; the Sardinian Al Valore Militare and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 20, 29, 35, 36, 37, 43, 48, 53, 68, 95
Burghersh, Lord – see Westmorland, Earl of
Burgoyne, Gen. Sir John Fox, Bt., G.C.B., R.E.
Born, 24th Jul. 1782; 2nd Lt., 29th Aug. 1798; Lt., 1st Jul. 1800; Capt., 1st Mar. 1805; Brevet Maj., 6th Feb. 1812; Brevet Lt. Col., 27th Apr. 1812; Lt. Col., 20th Dec. 1814; Brevet Col., 22nd Jul. 1830; Col., 10th Jan. 1837; Maj. Gen., 28th Jun. 1838; Lt. Gen., 11th Nov. 1851; Col. Commandant, R.E., 22nd Nov. 1854; General, 5th Sep. 1855. Destined to be the foremost military engineer of his generation, Sir John Burgoyne’s first active service took place in 1800. He saw active service in Egypt, Sweden, Portugal, Spain and the United States. Served in the Crimea at the battles of the Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and conducted the British portion of the siege of Sebastopol until Feb. 1855. His awards included a Baronetcy, the G.C.B., the Peninsular Gold Cross with one clasp, the MGS Medal with three clasps, the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Portuguese Order of the Tower and Sword, the Order of the Mejedie (1st Class), the Legion of Honour (1st Class) and the Turkish Crimea medal. He died in 1871. 66
Cambridge, Field Marshal H.R.H. George William Frederick Charles, Duke of, K.G., K.P., G.C.B., G.C.M.G.
Born 26th Mar. 1819, a grandson of King George III; Col., 3rd Nov. 1837; Maj. Gen., 7th May, 1845; Lt. Gen., 19th Jun. 1854; General, 15th Jul. 1856; Col. of the Grenadier Guards, 15th Dec. 1861; Field Marshal, 9th Nov. 1862. He commanded the First Division in the Crimea from the date of the first landing, was present at the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann (horse shot), and the siege of Sebastopol; he was awarded the Crimea medal with four clasps, and the Turkish Crimea medal. He was appointed Commander in Chief of the British Army in 1856, oversaw the radical ‘Cardwell’ reforms of the 1870s and 1880s, relinquished the position in 1895 and died in 1904. 40
Cameron, Gen. Duncan Alexander, G.C.B.
Ens., 8th Apr. 1825; Lt., 15th Aug. 1826; Capt., 21st Jun. 1833; Maj., 23rd Aug. 1839; Lt. Col., 5th Sep. 1843; Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Maj. Gen., 25th Mar. 1859; Col., 42nd Regiment, 9th Sep. 1863; Lt. Gen., 1st Jan. 1868; General, 5th Dec. 1874. Sir Duncan commanded the 42nd Regiment at the battle of the Alma, and the Highland Brigade at the battle of Balaklava, on the expedition to Kertch, siege and fall of Sebastopol and the assault on the 18th June; he commanded the forces in New Zealand during the War of 1863–65 and was governor of the Royal Military College from 1868 to 1875. He was awarded the Crimea medal with three clasps, the New Zealand Medal, the Legion of Honour (4th Class), the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class); the Al Valore Militare and the Turkish Crimea medal. 115
Campbell, Brevet Col. Colin Frederick, 46th Regiment
Born 3rd Mar. 1824; Ens., 1st May 1840; Lt., 10th Mar. 1842; Adjutant, 46th Regiment, 22nd Feb. 1847 to 12th Aug. 1847; Capt., 13th Aug. 1847; Maj., 11th May 1855; Acting Assistant-Engineer, May 1855 to 24th Sep. 1855; Brevet Lt. Col., 2nd Nov. 1855; Brevet Col., 23rd Jan. 1863. Col. Campbell landed in the Crimea with the main body of the 46th Regiment on 8th Nov. 1854; was wounded slightly in 1855 whilst serving as Acting Assistant-Engineer in the trenches. He was awarded the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol; the Legion of Honour (5th Class); the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class); the Al Valore Militare and the Turkish Crimea medal. He died in India on 14th Sep. 1868. 12f, 17, 20, 26, 57, 68, 75, 77, 79, 81, 82, 92, 97
Campbell, Sir Colin – see Clyde, Lord
Campbell, Maj. Gen. Sir John, Bt.
Born, 8th Apr. 1807, succeeded as 2nd Baronet in 1843 and died leading the assault on the Redan, 18th Jun. 1855. Ens., 25th Nov. 1821; Lt., 1st Jul. 1824; Capt., 11th Jul. 1826; Maj., 29th Dec. 1837; Lt. Col., 7th Aug. 1840; Col., 11th Nov. 1851; Maj. Gen., 12th Dec. 1854. He commanded a brigade of the 3rd Division in the Crimea until being appointed to the command of the Fourth Division in Nov. 1854, a command which he was forced to relinquish in Jun. 1855, on the arrival of Lt. Gen. Bentinck. After commanding a brigade in the expedition to Kertch, he was appointed to the command of a brigade in what had been his Division for seven months. Sir John Campbell was awarded the Army of India Medal with clasp for Ava and, posthumously, the Crimea medal with clasps for Alma, Inkermann and Sebastopol. 14, 37, 41, 47, 52, 58, 59, 64, 93, 94, 125
Canrobert, Maréchal François Antoine Certain
Born 27th Jun. 1809; served in Algeria 1835-39 and 1841-51. His promotions came rapidly, and his support of Napoleon Ill’s coup led to him being promoted General of Division. He commanded the French 1st Division at the battle of the Alma, and succeeded to the command of the Army on the march to Sebastopol, which position he resigned on 16th May, 1855. He was awarded a Maréchal’s baton for his Crimean services, and commanded the Third Corps in Italy in 1859, including the Battles of Magenta, and Solferino. He commanded the Sixth Corps in the Franco-Prussian War. He died at Paris on 28th Jan. 1895. 14, 26, 51, 69, 99f
Cardigan, James Thomas Brudenell, K.C.B., Earl of
Born 16th Oct. 1797; succeeded his father, as 7th Earl, in 1837. He was commissioned Cornet, 6th May, 1824; Lt., 13th Jan. 1825; Capt., 9th Jun. 1826; Maj., 3rd Aug. 1830; Lt. Col., 3rd Dec. 1830; Col., 9th Nov. 1846; Maj. Gen., 20th Jun. 1854; Col., 5th Dragoon Guards, 14th Aug. 1859. Commanded the Light Cavalry Brigade in the Crimea in 1854, including the battles of the Alma, Balaklava, Inkermann and siege of Sebastopol. He was awarded the K.C.B.; the Crimea medal with four clasps, the Legion of Honour (3rd Class) and the Order of the Mejedie (2nd Class), and was appointed Inspecting General of Cavalry on his return to England. 10, 40, 68
Carter, Lt. John Henry Stockman, Royal Engineers
2nd Lt., 22nd Dec. 1852; Lt., 17th Feb. 1854; killed in the trenches before Sebastopol, 2nd May, 1855. 48f
Cathcart, Lady Georgiana
Born 17th Jul. 1798, the daughter of Louisa, Countess of Mansfield (née Cathcart) and her second husband, the Hon. Robert Greville, Lady Georgiana Greville married Sir George Cathcart on 12th May, 1824. She died in 1871. 57
Cathcart, Lt. Gen. Hon. Sir George, K.C.B.
Born 12th May, 1794; Cornet, 10th May, 1810; Lt., 1st Jul. 1811; Capt., 24th Dec. 1818; Maj., 8th Apr. 1826; Lt. Col., 13th May, 1826; Col., 23rd Nov. 1841; Maj. Gen., 11th Nov. 1851; Local Lt. Gen., 30th Jan. 1852. Sir George served in the campaigns of 1813 and 1814 in Germany, and in the campaign of 1815, as Aide de Camp to the Duke of Wellington, and was present at the battles of Quatre Bras and Waterloo. He achieved major success in the prosecution of the Kaffir War of 1853, and was the holder of the ‘Dormant Commission’ (making him Commander in Chief of the Army of the East should anything happen to Raglan). He served at the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, where he lost his life. He was awarded the K.C.B., the Waterloo Medal, the Kaffir War Medal and, posthumously, the Crimea Medal with four clasps and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 1, 1f, 2, 5, 10f, 11, 11f, 12, 12f, 13, 14, 47, 57
Caulfield, Capt. Francis William Thomas, 44th Regiment
Ens., 17th Jan. 1845; Lt., 10th Apr. 1849; Capt., 29th Dec. 1854; killed in the assault on the Redan, 18th Jun. 1855. 59
Charles X, King of France
Born 9th Oct. 1757, came to the throne in 1824, and abdicated in 1830. Much of his life was spent in England as an exile. He died on 6th Nov. 1836. 15
Chekib Effendi, Interpreter. 2
Clapham, 1628 Sgt. Thomas, 46th Regiment
Thomas Clapham, a labourer, enlisted in the 46th Regiment on 30th Oct. 1841. He sailed for the Crimea with the main body of the regiment, landing at Balaklava on 8th Nov. 1854. He died of dysentery on 10th Mar. 1855. He was posthumously awarded the Crimea medal with clasp for Sebastopol. 29, 35, 36, 37
Clyde, Colin Campbell, Field Marshal Lord, G.C.B.
Born Colin Macliver, 20th Oct. 1792; Ens., 26th May, 1808; Lt., 28th Jun. 1809; Capt., 9th Nov. 1813; Maj., 26th Nov. 1825; Lt. Col., 26th Oct. 1832; Col., 23rd Dec. 1842; Maj. Gen., 20th Jun. 1854; Lt. Gen., 4th Jun. 1856; Col., 93rd Highlanders, 15th Jan. 1858; General, 14th May, 1858; Field Marshal, 1860. Served in the 9th Regiment at Walcheren and in the Peninsula, and in America in 1814–15 in the 60th Rifles. Was Bde. Maj. of the troops engaged in quelling the insurrection in Demerara in 1823. Commanded the 98th Regiment in the expedition to China in 1842. Commanded the Third Division of the army of the Punjab campaign of 1848–9. Saw further arduous service in India in 1851–52. Commanded the Highland Brigade and later the Highland Division during the Crimean War, including the battles of the Alma and Balaklava, and the siege of Sebastopol. Commanded the British Forces in India during the Indian Mutiny with great success, for which service he was awarded a Barony. His awards also included the G.C.B., the MGS Medal with five clasps, the First China War Medal, the Punjab Medal with two clasps, the Crimea medal with three clasps, the Indian Mutiny Medal with two clasps, the Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour; the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus, the Order of the Mejedie (1st Class) and the Turkish Crimea medal. Lord Clyde died on 14th Aug. 1863. 10, 10f, 13, 29, 31, 32, 41, 50, 61, 70, 73, 81, 85, 90, 91, 95, 96, 99, 100, 103, 113, 114, 115, 119, 121
Codrington, Gen. Sir William John, G.C.B.
Born 1804; Ens., 22nd Feb. 1821; Ens. & Lt., 24th Apr. 1823; Lt. & Capt., 20th Jul. 1826; Capt. & Lt. Col., 8th Jul. 1836; Col., 9th Nov. 1846; Maj. Gen., 20th Jun. 1854; Lt. Gen., 6th Jun. 1856; Col. of the 23rd Royal Welch Fusiliers, 27th Dec. 1860; General, 27th Jul. 1863; Col. of the Coldstream Guards, 16th Mar. 1875. Commanded a brigade of the Light Division, and afterwards a Division, during the Crimean War, including the battles of Alma and Inkermann, the siege and fall of Sebastopol. From October 1855 until the evacuation of the Crimea, he was Commander in Chief of the Eastern Army. He was awarded the G.C.B., the Crimea medal with three clasps, the Commander of the Legion of Honour, the Grand Cross of the Military Order of Savoy, the Order of the Mejedie (1st Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. He also received the French Medaille Militaire, an award restricted to other ranks and to officers commanding armies in alliance with France. Sir William died in 1884. 59, 60, 61, 90, 90f, 91, 93, 94, 95, 98, 100, 101, 103, 106, 107, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118, 120, 123, 124, 125, 130, 133, 135
Constantine Nikolaievitch, Grand Duke
Born in 1827, the second son of Tsar Nicholas I and brother of Alexander II. He commanded the Russian Fleet in the Baltic during the Crimean War, including the defence of Cronstadt. He became the Viceroy of Poland in 1862, and was made President of the Council of the Empire in 1865. In 1882 he was stripped of his dignities due to his revolutionary sympathies, and his eldest son was banished to Tashkent. Constantine died in 1892. 99f
Coppinger, Acting Deputy-Assistant-Commissary-General William P.
Born 1826, a Sub-Inspector of the Irish Constabulary, serving as a volunteer with the Commissariat. He died of disease, 11th Aug. 1855. 2, 47
Cornat, Capt. Auguste Victor Cassiodore, 2e Chasseurs d’Afrique. 119f
Craigie, Capt. Anthony David, Royal Engineers
2nd Lt., 19th Mar. 1839; Lt., 23rd Nov. 1841; Capt., 9th Apr. 1848. Killed in action, 13th Mar. 1855. 36
Curtis, Lt. Frank John, 46th Regiment
Born 27th Feb. 1832, the fourth son of Charles Berwick Curtis, the third son of the first baronet Curtis of Cullands Grove; educated at Winchester College; Ens., 22nd Nov. 1850; Lt., 16th Dec. 1853; Acting Adjutant, 29th Dec. 1854 to 1st Mar. 1855. Frank Curtis landed in the Crimea with the main body of the regiment, on 8th Nov. 1854, and was killed by a roundshot in the Greenhill Trenches, 2nd May, 1855. He is buried in the cemetery on Cathcart’s Hill. 14f, 48, 49, 50
Dalhousie, Lord [Lord Panmure in the letters]
Fox Maule, eleventh Earl of Dalhousie and second Baron Panmure, born 1801, succeeded to the Barony, 1852, and to the Earldom, 1860. He was Secretary of State at War, 1848–52 and Secretary of State for War, 1855–58; he died in 1874. 97, 113
Dallas-Yorke, Capt. Thomas Yorke ‘Jack’, 11th Hussars
Cornet, 29th Dec. 1843; Lt., 21st Apr. 1846; Capt., 14th Jun. 1850. Saw no active service in the Crimea due to illness, and retired on the 24th Feb. 1857. A fourth cousin (once removed, by marriage) of Fred Dallas, he adopted the additional surname of Yorke in 1856. 4, 6
Dallas, Lt. Henry, 98th Regiment
One of Fred Dallas’ three elder brothers, born Sep. 1822, died in Hong Kong, 25th Jul. 1844. Fought in the First China War, including the assault on Chinkiangfoo. 41
Dalzell, Lt. Col. the Hon. Robert Alexander George, C.B., 63rd Regiment
Born 19th Aug. 1816; Ens., 21st Mar. 1834; Lt., 11th Sep. 1835; Capt. 30th Jul. 1844; Maj., 7th Mar. 1851; Lt. Col., 6th Nov. 1854. Served in the Crimea with the 63rd Regiment, succeeding to its command on the death of Col. Swyny. Resigned his command of the 63rd in favour of the command of the Provisional Depot Battalion at Malta on 7th Apr. 1855, and retired from the Army due to ill-health on 1st Oct. 1856. Was awarded the C.B., the Crimea medal with four clasps, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class), the Al Valore Militare and the Turkish Crimea Medal. Col. Dalzell died on the 19th Oct. 1878. 68f
Davidson, Capt. Duncan, RN
Another of Fred Dallas’ cousins. Mate, 25th Feb. 1852; Lt., 20th Apr. 1855; Capt., 29th May, 1872, retired from the navy in 1880 and died in 1882. Served in the Baltic campaign of 1854 and in the Black Sea, on HMS Prince Regent (from 7th Mar. 1854) and HMS Royal Albert (from 14th Nov. 1854). 23
Delafield, Brevet Maj. Gen. Richard, U.S. Army
Born 1st Sep. 1798, in New York City, Richard Delafield was the first graduate of the Military Academy to receive a merit class standing, ranking first in his class (1818). He superintended the construction of coast defences for New York Harbour (1846–55), was a military observer at the siege of Sebastopol, where he was allowed to make observations first hand from the British (but not the French) lines (1855); wrote Report on the Art of War in Europe. He was in charge of New York Harbour defences (1861–64) and Chief Engineer from Apr. 1864 until his retirement in August. He died on the 5th Nov. 1873. 87f
Delane, John Thaddeus
Born 11th Oct. 1817; Editor of the Times from May 1841, resigning from this position in 1877. He died on 22nd Nov. 1879. 95
Derby, Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of
Born 29th Mar. 1799, a prominent Conservative politician and statesman, Prime Minister 1852, 1858–9, 1866–68, died 23rd Oct. 1869. A severe critic of the mishandling of the Crimean War, he however declined to form a ministry on the fall of Lord Aberdeen in 1855. 18f
Doucherty, 1027 CSgt. Charles, 46th Regiment
Charles Doucherty enlisted in the 46th Regiment in the autumn of 1835, and sailed for the Crimea with the main body of the regiment, landing at Balaklava on 8th Nov. 1854. Like so many others he succumbed to disease, and he spent months at Scutari before being sent home to England on 23rd Mar. 1855. He was awarded the Crimea medal with clasp for Sebastopol. 48
Dowbiggin, Maj. Montagu Hamilton, 4th and 99th Regiments
Ens., 30th Jun. 1848; Lt., 16th Sep. 1851; Capt., 29th Dec. 1854; Bt. Maj., 17th Jul. 1855; exchanged to 99th Regiment as Maj., 1st Feb. 1856. Served on the Staff in the Crimea, including the battle of the Alma, siege of Sebastopol and capture of Kinburn. Was awarded the Crimea medal with two clasps, Legion of Honour (5th Class); Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 113, 119
Duberly, Mrs. Henry (‘Fanny’)
The wife of the Paymaster of the 8th Hussars, Mrs. Duberly became famous for her exploits in the Crimea, and in India during the Mutiny. Her journals were published at the time, to a mixed reaction. 26, 30, 116
Dundas, Admiral Sir James Whitley Deans, G.C.B., R.N.
Commander in Chief in the Mediterranean and Black Sea until 22nd Dec. 1854.
Born, 4th Dec. 1785; Lt., 25th May, 1805; Com., 8th Oct. 1806; Capt., 13th Oct. 1807; Rear-Adm., 23rd Nov. 1841; Vice-Adm., 17th Dec. 1852; Admiral, 8th Dec. 1857. He died on 7th Oct. 1862. 30, 68
Dunkellin, Ullick Canning De Burgh Canning, Lt. Col. Lord, Coldstream Guards
The eldest son of the Marquess and Earl of Clanricade, born 12 Jul. 1827; Ens. & Lt., 27th Mar. 1846; Lt. & Capt., 27th Apr. 1849; Capt. & Lt. Col., 3rd Nov. 1854. Served in the Crimea at the battle of the Alma, and the siege of Sebastopol, was taken prisoner before dawn of the 22nd Oct. 1854. Was awarded the Crimea medal with two clasps, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. Lord Dunkellin died in 1867. 13, 89
Dunscombe, Capt. Nicholas, 46th Regiment
Born 18th Jan. 1835; Ens., 23rd Nov. 1852; Lt., 3rd Feb. 1854; Capt., 2nd Oct. 1855; to half pay, on reduction, 10th Nov. 1856; Capt., 2nd Regiment, by appointment, Aug. 1857. Retired by the sale of his commission, 3rd Feb. 1869. Capt. Dunscombe landed in the Crimea on 8th Nov. 1854, and was awarded the Crimea medal with clasp for Sebastopol, the Al Valore Militare and the Turkish Crimea medal. 1f
Earle, Brevet Maj. Arthur Maxwell, 57th Regiment
Ens., 18th Jan. 1850; Lt., 15th Feb. 1853; Capt., 29th Dec. 1854; Bt. Maj., 6th Jun. 1856. Maxwell Earle landed in the Crimea with his regiment on 23rd Sep. 1854, and did duty as Aide de Camp to Brig. Gen. Goldie until the death of the latter at the battle of Inkermann; he was appointed Bde. Maj. in the 4th Division on 17th Nov. 1854, and was present at the assaults of 18th Jun. and 8th Sep. 1855, and at the capture of Kinburn. He was three times mentioned in despatches, and was awarded the Crimea Medal with clasps for Balaklava, Inkermann and Sebastopol, the Legion of Honour (5th Class), the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea medal. Maxwell’s sister, Emily Florence Earle, had married Fred’s brother, Robert William Dallas, and so the two friends were also effectively brothers-in-law. 10, 11, 12f, 23f, 38, 40f, 41, 82, 84, 90, 91, 104, 112, 130, 133, 134
Earle, Maj. Gen. William, C.B., C.S.I.
Born 1833, Ens., 49th Regiment, 17th Oct. 1851; Lt., 6th Jun. 1854; Capt., 16th Feb. 1855; exchanged to the Grenadier Guards as Lt. & Capt., Mar. 1857; Capt. & Lt. Col., 28th Apr. 1863; Col., 20th May, 1870; Maj., 21st Aug. 1878; Maj. Gen., 1880. Served with the 49th Regiment in the Crimea, including the battles of Alma and Inkermann, siege of Sebastopol, sortie of 26th Oct. 1854, and assault on the Redan of 18th Jun. 1855. He was awarded the C.S.I. (1880), the C.B. (1884), the Crimea medal with three clasps, the Al Valore Militare the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class), and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 85
Edward, Prince – see Saxe-Weimar
Edwardes, Capt. Richard Lloyd, 68th Regiment
Born 6th Aug. 1832; Ens., 23rd Jan. 1852; Lt., 6th Jun. 1854; Capt., 13th Apr. 1855. Capt. Edwardes served in the Crimea with his regiment, including the battles of the Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and the siege of Sebastopol; he was killed in action in the trenches before Sebastopol, 11th May, 1855. He was posthumously awarded the Crimea medal with four clasps. 50
Egerton, Col. Thomas Graham, 77th Regiment
Ens., 24th Dec. 1829; Lt., 9th Mar. 1832; Capt., 23rd Jan. 1835; Maj., 7th Feb. 1845; Lt. Col., 27th Dec. 1850; Bt. Col., 28th Nov. 1854; killed in action, 20th Apr. 1855. Commanded the 77th Regiment in the Crimea. 45
England, Lt. Gen. Sir Richard, G.C.B., K.H.
Ens., 25th Feb. 1808; Lt., 1st Jun. 1809; Capt., 11th Jun. 1811; Maj., 4th Sep. 1823; Lt. Col., 29th Oct. 1825; Col., 28th Jun. 1838; Maj. Gen., 11th Nov. 1851; Col., 50th Regiment, 20th Sep. 1854; Lt. Gen., 4th Jun. 1856; Col., 41st Regiment, 20th Apr. 1861; General, 6th Jul. 1863. Served in the attack on Flushing in 1809, and in the operations in Sicily in 1810–11. Joined the Army in Paris in 1815. Commandant of Kaffraria, and employed throughout the Kaffir War of 1836–37. Commanded the Bombay Division in the Afghan War of 1842. Commanded the Third Division in the Crimean War in 1854–55, including the battles of Alma and Inkermann, the assault of the 18th June and the siege of Sebastopol. Sir Richard was awarded the G.C.B., the K.H., the South Africa Medal, the First Afghan War Medal, the Crimea medal with three clasps, the Order of the Mejedie (1st Class), the Legion of Honour (2nd Class), the Al Valore Militare and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 69
Ennismore, Capt. the Viscount – see Listowel, Capt. the Earl of
Estcourt, Maj. Gen. James Bucknall
Ens., 13th Jul. 1820; Lt., 9th Dec. 1824; Capt., 4th Nov. 1825; Maj., 21st Oct. 1836; Lt. Col., 29th Mar. 1839; went on half-pay, 25th Aug. 1843; Col., 11th Nov. 1851; Maj. Gen., 12th Dec. 1854. Served in the expedition to the River Euphrates from Jan. 1835 to Jun. 1837 and as Adjutant-General in the Crimea until his death on 24th Jun. 1855, including the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and the siege of Sebastopol. He was posthumously awarded the Crimea medal with four clasps. 60, 61f
Eugénie, Empress of France
Eugénie, Comtesse de Teba, Empress of France, née Eugénia Maria de Montuo de Guzmán, was born on 5th May, 1826. She married Napoleon III in 1853, and came to be a significant influence on his rule. She gave birth to the Prince Imperial (who was killed in action in the British service, 1st Jun. 1879) on 16th Mar. 1856; served as Regent in the absence of her husband in 1859, 1865 and 1870 and died on the 11th Jul. 1920. 115
Evans, Lt. Gen. Sir de Lacy, G.C.B.
Ens., 1st Feb. 1807; Lt., 1st Dec. 1808; Capt., 12th Jan. 1815; Maj., 11th May, 1815; Lt. Col., 18th Jun. 1815; Col., 10th Jan. 1837; Maj. Gen., 9th Nov. 1846; Col., 21st Fusiliers, 29th Aug. 1853; Lt. Gen., 20th Jun. 1854; General, 10th Mar. 1861. Served in India in 1807–10, in the Peninsula in 1812–14, in America 1814–15, Belgium and France 1815–18, Spain in 1835-37 and in the Crimea 1854–56, as commander of the Second Division. He was five times wounded in action, and had six horses killed under him during his years of active service. He received the G.C.B., the MGS Medal with clasps for Vittoria, Pyrenees and Toulouse; the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Grand Cross of St. Ferdinand, the Grand Cross of Charles III, the Order of the Mejedie (1st Class), the Legion of Honour (2nd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 16, 119
Eyre, Maj. Gen. Sir William, K.C.B.
Ens., 17th Apr. 1823; Lt., 5th Nov. 1825; Capt., 20th Mar. 1827; Maj., 19th Jul. 1839; Lt. Col., 12th Nov. 1847; Col., 28th May, 1853; Maj. Gen., 12th Dec. 1854. Served in the Kaffir War of 1853; commanded a brigade of the Third Division, and afterwards the Division throughout the Crimea War, and was present at the battle of Alma, and the siege and fall of Sebastopol. During the battle of Inkermann he held command of the troops in the trenches. He was awarded the K.C.B., the South Africa Medal, the Crimea Medal with two clasps, the Legion of Honour (3rd Class), the Order of the Mejedie (2nd Class), the Al Valore Militare and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 58, 59, 69, 73, 89, 90, 103
Fane, Capt. John Augustus, 46th Regiment
Born 23rd Sep. 1830; Ens., 19th Oct. 1849; Lt., 31st Dec. 1852; Capt., 29th Dec. 1854. Landed in the Crimea on 8th Nov. 1854, and returned home on 6th Feb. 1855. He resigned from the Army by the sale of his commission 29th May, 1857, and subsequently served in the Oxfordshire Rifle Volunteers. He died in 1908. 25f, 27
Fenwick, Capt. Bowes, 44th Regiment
Ens., 29th Jan. 1842; Lt., 12th Jul. 1844; Capt., 24th Nov. 1848. Killed in the assault on the Redan, 18th Jun. 1855. 59f
Filder, Commissary-General William, C.B.
Assistant Commissary-General, 10th Aug. 1811; Deputy Commissary-General, 26th Oct. 1816; Commissary-General, 1st Jul. 1840. Served in the Peninsula and in France; commanded the Commissariat of the Crimean Army until the end of Jul. 1855, including the battles of Alma, Balaklava, Inkermann and the siege of Sebastopol. Was awarded the C.B., MGS Medal with nine clasps, the Crimea medal with four clasps, the Order of the Mejedie (4th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 70
Forde, Maj. Thomas, 46th Regiment
Born 19th Dec. 1830; Ens., 15th Oct. 1852; Lt., 20th Jan. 1854; Capt., 5th June 1855; Capt., half pay, by reduction, 10th Nov. 1856; Capt., 46th Regiment, 31st Mar. 1857; Maj., 10th Feb. 1869; Maj., half pay, 23rd Mar. 1872. Landed in the Crimea on 8th Nov. 1854, subsequently appointed ADC to Maj. Gen. Garrett. Maj. Forde received the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal; he died in 1897. 69, 70, 71, 94, 97, 104, 128
Forey, Gen. Elie F.
Born 1804, served in Algeria, 1830, the expedition of Medeah, the expedition of the Portes de Fer, again in Algeria (1841–4, as Maj., and subsequently Lt. Col., Commanding 6th Regiment of Chasseurs à Pied). He was promoted Col., 4th Nov. 1844, and General of Brigade in 1848; General of Division, 22nd Dec. 1852, and appointed to the command of the Siege Corps before Sebastopol, 20th Oct. 1854. 33
Forrest, Gen. William Charles, C.B.
Cornet, 11th Mar. 1836; Lt., 5th Jan. 1839; Capt., 7th Sep. 1841; Maj., 3rd Oct. 1848; Bt. Lt. Col., 12th Dec. 1854; Lt. Col., 5th Aug. 1859; Col., 8th Mar. 1860; Brig. Gen. commanding Cawnpore Brigade, Bengal, 19th Apr. 1866; Maj. Gen., 6th Mar. 1868; Lt. Gen., 1st Oct. 1877; General, 1st Jul. 1881; Col., 11th Hussars, 8th Feb. 1886. Served in the Crimea with the 4th Dragoon Guards, including the battles of Balaklava and Inkermann and the siege of Sebastopol, the night attack on the Russian outposts on 19th Feb. 1855, and the battle of the Chernaya. Gen. Forrest was awarded the C.B., the Crimea medal with three clasps, the Al Valore Militare; the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 26
Foster, Maj. William John, 46th Regiment and 19th Regiment
Born 27th Jan. 1835; Ens., 21st Feb. 1855; Lt., 2nd October 1855; Lt., 2nd Battalion, 19th Regiment, by appointment, 14th April 1858; Capt., 8th Jul. 1859; Maj., 5th Jul. 1872. Landed in the Crimea with a draft of reinforcements, 18th Aug. 1855. Was awarded the Crimea medal with clasp for Sebastopol, and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 73f
Garrett, Lt. Col. Algernon Robert, 46th Regiment and 16th Regiment
Born 21st Jul. 1823, the son of Sir Robert Garrett; Ens., 46th Regiment, 1st Jun. 1841; Lt., 27th Sep. 1842; Capt., 28th Apr. 1848; Bt. Maj., 2nd Nov. 1855; Maj., 31st Aug. 1858; Maj., 16th Regiment, by exchange, 2nd Dec. 1859; Lt. Col., half-pay, unattached, 28th Jun. 1864. Sailed for the Crimea with the main body of the 46th regiment, landing at Balaklava on 8th Nov. 1854. Appointed Bde. Maj., 2nd Brigade, 4th Division in the Crimea; Bde. Maj. at Gibraltar after the Crimean War; Bde. Maj., 1st Brigade, 1st Division in China, 1857. Lt. Col. Garrett was awarded the Crimea medal with clasp for Sebastopol, the Al Valore Militare, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea medal. 92f
Garrett, Lt. Gen. Sir Robert, K.C.B., K.H.
Born 18th Sep. 1793; Ens., 2nd Regiment, 6th Mar. 1811; Lt., 2nd Garrison Battalion, 3rd Sep. 1812; Lt., 7th Regiment, Sep. 1812; Capt., 97th, afterwards (from 2 Feb. 16), 96th Regiment, 7th Jul. 1814; Capt., half-pay, 96th Regiment, 24th Dec. 1818; Capt., 20th Regiment, Jun. 1826; Maj., half-pay, unattached, 19th Sep. 1826; Maj., 46th Regiment, 7th February 1834; Bt. Lt. Col., 23rd Nov. 1841; Lt. Col., 16th May 1845; Bt. Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Acting Brig. Gen., 9th Nov. 1854; Local Brig. Gen., in the Crimea, 30th Jul. 1855; Local Maj. Gen., in the Crimea, 5th Oct. 1855; Temporary Maj. Gen., 24th Jul. 1856; Local Maj. Gen., in India, 7th Aug. 1857; Maj. Gen., 26th Oct. 1858; Col. of the 4th West India Regiment, 1st Apr. 1862; Col. of the 43rd Regiment, 14th Jan. 1866; Lt. Gen., 10th Mar. 1866. Served in the Campaigns of 1811-13 (three times wounded, once Mentioned in Despatches; once Mentioned in General Orders); Siege and Fall of Sebastopol, Crimean War, 1854-56; Second China War 1857; Indian Mutiny 1857-59. Commanded the Light Company, 2nd Regiment, at Salamanca, on the death of all his superior officers; 46th Regiment from 16th May 1845; 2nd Brigade, 4th Division in the Crimea from 9th Nov. 1854; 2nd Division in the Crimea from Sep. 1855; 4th Division in the Crimea from Nov. 1855; Balaklava from Jun. 1856; 1st Brigade, 1st Division in China from 1857; Sirhind Division from 1858; South-Eastern District from 1865. Sir Robert was awarded the K.C.B., the K.H., the MGS Medal with four clasps; the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol, the 4th Class of the Legion of Honour; the 3rd Class of the Order of the Mejedie, the Al Valore Militare and the Turkish Crimea Medal. He died 13th Jun. 1869. 14, 18, 25, 31f, 49, 50f, 55, 63, 64, 66, 69, 70, 73, 81, 82, 84, 86, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 107, 109, 111, 113, 117, 119, 121, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134
Goldie, Brig. Gen. Thomas Leigh
Ens., 13th Jun. 1825; Lt., 10th Dec. 1825; Capt., 24th Nov. 1828; Maj., 28th Dec. 1838; Bt. Lt. Col., 28th Mar. 1840; Lt. Col., 25th Jun. 1847; Col., 11th Nov. 1851. Appointed to the command of the First Brigade, Fourth Division in the Crimea; served at the battles of Alma and Balaklava, and was killed at the battle of Inkermann. He was posthumously awarded the Crimea medal with four clasps. 11, 12, 13
Gortchakoff [Gortschakov/Gortschikoff also used in contemporary British documents], Gen. Prince
Born in 1795, Prince Mikhail Dmitrievitch Gortschakov fought against the French in 1812–14, the Turks in 1828–9 and was made a General of Artillery in the Polish uprising of 1831. Appointed military governor of Warsaw in 1846 and commanded the Russian artillery in Hungary in 1849. Led the Russian army in the Danubian principalities before succeeding Prince Menshikoff as commander-in-chief in the Crimea in 1855. He was appointed Governor-General of Poland in 1856. He died in 1861. 73, 80, 99f
Gough, Field Marshal Viscount, K.P., P.C., G.C.B., G.C.S.I., K.B.
Hugh Gough, First Viscount Gough of Goojerat and Limerick, First Baron Gough of Chinkeanfoo and of Maharajpore and the Sutlej and a Baronet, born 3rd Nov. 1779; Ens., 7th Aug. 1794; Lt., 11th Oct. 1794; Capt., 25th Jun. 1803; Maj., 8th Aug. 1805; Lt. Col., 29th Jul. 1809, Col., 12th Aug. 1819; Maj. Gen., 22nd Jul. 1830; Lt. Gen., 23rd Nov. 1841; Col. in Chief, 60th Rifles, 28th Jan. 1854; Gen., 20th Jun. 1854; Col., Royal Horse Guards, 29th Jun. 1855; Field Marshal, 9th Nov. 1862. Lord Gough served in the capture of the Cape of Good Hope, and of the Dutch Fleet in Saldanha Bay in 1795. Served afterwards in the West Indies, including the attack on Puerto Rico, the brigand war in St. Lucia, and capture of Surinam. Proceeded to the Peninsula in 1809 and commanded the 87th (three times wounded). Commanded the land forces in the First China War. On 29th Dec. 1843, with the right wing of the Army of Gwalior, he defeated a Mahratta force at Maharajpore, and captured 56 guns. In 1845–46, commanded the Army of the Sutlej (First Sikh War), and gained victory at the battles of Moodkee, Ferozeshah and Sobraon; commanded the Army of the Punjab in 1848-9 (Second Sikh War), gaining victory at the battles of Chillianwala and Goojerat. He was awarded the Peninsula Gold Cross, the China Medal, the Sutlej Medal for Moodkee, with two clasps, the Punjab Medal with two clasps: he died in 1869. 128, 130, 132
Greg, Col., Liverpool Constabulary. 95
Greville, Capt. Algernon, Scots Fusilier Guards. 1f, 13, 14, 54
Greville, Lt. Cavendish Hubert, Coldstream Guards 13
Haines, Field Marshal Sir Frederick Paul, G.C.B., G.C.S.I., C.I.E.
Born in 1819; Ens., 21st Jun. 1839; Lt., 15th Dec. 1840; Capt., 16th May, 1846; Bt. Maj., 7th Jun. 1849; Bt. Lt. Col., 2nd Aug. 1850; Maj., 15th Nov. 1854; Col., 28th Nov. 1854; Lt. Col., 24th Apr. 1855; Maj. Gen., 25th Nov. 1864; Lt. Gen., 23rd May, 1873; Col., 104th Regiment, 16th May, 1874; General, 1st Oct. 1877; Field Marshal, 21st May, 1890; Col., Royal Scots Fusiliers, 5th Oct. 1890. Served in the First Sikh War as Military Secretary to Sir Hugh (later Viscount) Gough, including the battles of Moodkee and Ferozeshah, and in the Second Sikh War, including the battles of Chillianwala and Goojerat. Served with the 21st Fusiliers in the Crimean War, including the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and the Siege and Fall of Sebastopol. Commander in Chief in India, 1876–91. Commander in Chief of the British Forces in the Afghan War from Sep. 1879 to Sep. 1880. He was awarded the G.C.B., the G.C.S.I., the CLE, medal for Moodkee with clasp for Ferozeshah, the Punjab medal with two clasps, the Crimea medal with four clasps, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea medal. 18, 66
Hallewell, Brevet Lt. Col. Edmund Gilling, 28th Regiment. 104
Hall, Capt. Jasper, 4th Regiment. 115
Hall, Inspector General of Hospitals Sir John, KCB, MD
Hospital Assistant, 24th Jun. 1815; Assistant Surgeon, 12th Sep. 1822; Staff Surgeon, 8th Nov. 1827; Deputy Inspector General of Hospitals, 25th Sep. 1846; Inspector General of Hospitals, 28th Mar. 1854. Served in the campaign of 1815 in Flanders, served in the Kaffir War of 1847–8 (Mentioned in General Orders, Mentioned in Despatches), and as Principal Medical Officer in the campaign of 1851 (Mentioned in General Orders). Principal Medical Officer in the Crimean War. He was awarded the K.C.B., the Crimea medal, the Legion of Honour (4th Class); the Order of the Mejedie (4th Class) and the Turkish Crimea medal. 70, 130
Hampson, 1060 Sgt. James, 46th Regiment
Formerly of the 18th Regiment, James Hampson transferred to the 46th at the beginning of 1836; he sailed for the Crimea as part of the two advance companies of the regiment, and landed on 14th Sep. 1854. He was present at the battle of the Alma, but fell sick on 23rd Sep. 1854, being sent to Scutari, where he remained for the greater part of the war. He was awarded the Crimea medal with clasp for Alma, and the Turkish Crimea medal. 6, 17, 29, 35, 37, 46, 48
Harding, Col. Francis Pym, C.B., 22nd Regiment
En.s, 16th Mar. 1838; Lt., 18th Dec. 1840; Capt., 29th Jan. 1847; Maj., 27th Oct. 1854; Bt. Lt. Col., 12th Dec. 1854; Lt. Col., 25th Dec. 1857; Col., 9th Sep. 1858. Served in the defence of the residency at Hyderabad, and at the battle of Meeanee (wounded, mentioned in despatches) during the Conquest of Scinde. Served as Persian interpreter to Sir Charles Napier with the expedition against the Afridis in forcing the Kohat Pass in 1850. Served in the Crimean War as Aide de Camp to General Pennefather, including the battles of Alma (horse shot under him), Balaklava, Inkermann (severely wounded, horse killed under him), the sortie of 26th Oct. and the siege of Sebastopol. Was commandant at Balaklava from Jan. 1855 until the evacuation of the Crimea. Col. Harding was awarded the C.B., the Scinde Medal for Meeanee, the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Legion of Honour (5th Class), the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 66
Hardinge, Field Marshal Viscount, G.C.B.
Born 30th Mar. 1785, Henry Hardinge, First Viscount Hardinge of Lahore and King’s Newton, entered the army as an Ens., 8th Oct. 1798; Lt., 25th Mar. 1802; Capt., 7th Apr. 1804; Maj., 13th Apr. 1809; Lt. Col., 30th May, 1811; Col., 19th Jul. 1821; Maj. Gen., 22nd Jul. 1830; Lt. Gen., 23rd Nov. 1841; Col. of the 57th Regiment, 31st May, 1843; Commanding in Chief the Forces, 28th Sep. 1852; General, 20th Jun. 1854; Field Marshal, 2nd Oct. 1855. Lord Hardinge served throughout the Peninsular War, nearly the whole of the time as Deputy Quarter Master General of the Portuguese army, (twice wounded); served in the Campaign of 1815, and was severely wounded at Ligny (left hand amputated). As Governor-General of India he was engaged at the battles of Moodkee, Ferozeshah and Sobraon. He was awarded the G.C.B., the Peninsula Gold Cross and five clasps, the Waterloo medal and the Sutlej Medal with two clasps; he also received four foreign orders of knighthood. He died 24th Sep. 1856. 84
Hardy, Lt. Gen. William, C.B.
Born 11th Mar. 1822; Ens., 46th Regiment, 27th Sep. 1842; Lt., 8th May, 1846; Capt, 12th Oct. 1852; Bt. Maj., 12th Dec. 1854; Maj., unattached, half-pay, 2nd Oct. 1855; Maj., Depot Battalion, 1st Oct. 1856; Lt. Col., 16th Sep. 1861; Col., 16th Sep. 1866; Maj. Gen., 1st Oct. 1877; Lt. Gen., 21st Sep. 1882. Landed in the Crimea on 14th Sep. 1854; served at the battle of the Alma; commanded the advance party of two companies 46th Regiment, at the Battles of Balaklava and Inkermann (wounded severely), and in the Siege of Sebastopol. He was awarded the C.B., the Crimea Medal with bars for Alma, Balaklava, Inkermann and Sebastopol, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 11f, 12, 18, 36
Hawley, Capt. Robert B., 89th Regiment. 68f
Hay, Lt. Col. Alexander Sebastian Leith, 93rd Regiment. 119
Helyar, Lt. Col. Edward Hawker
Born, 1st Jul. 1834; Ens., 46th Regiment, 4th Feb. 1854; Lt., 8th Dec. 1854; Capt., 24th Jan. 1860; Capt., 2nd Battalion, 2nd Regiment, by exchange, 2nd Dec. 1862; Bt. Maj., 5th Jul. 1872; Maj., 7th Jul. 1875; Hon. Lt. Col., 23rd Jan. 1878, on which date he left the army by the sale of his commission. He landed in the Crimea on 15th Oct. 1854, and served at the Battles of Balaklava and Inkermann (wounded slightly) and at the siege of Sebastopol. Helyar was awarded the Crimea Medal with three clasps and the Turkish Crimea Medal. He left the Crimea 12th Mar. 1855 commanding the escort for Russian prisoners of war who were being shipped to England. 11f
Herbert, Maj. Gen. the Hon. Percy Egerton, C.B.
Ens., 17th Jan. 1840; Lt., 7th Sep. 1841; Capt., 19th Jun. 1846; Maj., 27th May, 1853; Lt. Col., 28th May, 1853; Col., 28th Nov. 1854; Maj. Gen., 28th Jan. 1868. Served in the Kaffir War of 1851–53; Assistant Quarter Master General of the 2nd Division in the Crimea until Nov. 1855, and subsequently as Quarter Master General of the Army of the East until Jun. 1856. Present at the battle of Alma (wounded); the affair of 26th Oct. (the Battle of Little Inkermann), the battle of Inkermann and the siege and fall of Sebastopol. Served with the 82nd Regiment in Rohilcund in 1858, and in command of the districts at Cawnpore and Futtehpore until the Spring of 1859. He commanded a force in pursuit of Ferozeshah and a rebel force to the banks of the Jumna. He was awarded the C.B., the Kaffir War Medal, the Crimea medal with three clasps, the Indian Mutiny Medal, the Legion of Honour (4th Class), the Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus (Commander, 2nd Class), the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class), and the Turkish Crimea Medal, and was appointed a Queen’s ADC for his Crimean service. 63, 68, 86, 91, 128
Herbert, Sidney, Lord Herbert of Lea
Born 16th Oct. 1810, Secretary at War 1845–46 and December 1852–Feb. 1855; Secretary of State for the Colonies for a few weeks in Feb. 1855; Secretary of War, 1859; died, 2nd Aug. 1861. Florence Nightingale’s main political ally. 121f
Hesketh, Capt. William Reginald, 46th Regiment
Born 5th Feb. 1830; Ens., 21st Jul. 1848; Lt., 23rd Apr. 1852; Capt., 29th Dec. 1854; retired from the army by the sale of his commission, 25th Oct. 1855. He landed in the Crimea on 8th Nov. 1854, served in the siege of Sebastopol, and left for England on sick leave, 30th May, 1855. He was awarded the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 53
Higgins, Matthew James, a.k.a. Jacob Omnium
Born, 4th Dec. 1810; died 14th Aug. 1868. Radical essayist and pamphleteer. 95
du Holbec, Commandant, Garde Imperiale. 61
Horn, Gen. Sir Frederick, K.C.B., 20th Regiment
Ens., 26th Jan. 1826; Lt., 17th Apr. 1828; Capt., 16th Jun. 1837; Maj., 7th Sep. 1841; Lt. Col., 14th Apr. 1846; Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Maj. Gen., 13th Oct. 1860; Col., 45th Regiment, 21st Apr. 1868; Lt. Gen., 18th Jan. 1870; Col., 20th Regiment, 17th Mar. 1876; General, 2nd Jun. 1877. He commanded a Brigade of the 4th Division at the battle of the Alma, and the 20th Regiment at the battles of Balaklava and Inkermann (twice wounded, and horse shot under him), succeeding to the command of the Fourth Division, and in the siege and fall of Sebastopol. Col. Horn was awarded the K.C.B., the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Legion of Honour (4th Class), the Al Valore Militare, the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 17
Inglis, Capt. William, 57th Regiment. 18
James, Lt. Edward Renouard, Royal Engineers. 64, 67
Johnson, 3128 Pte. Elijah, 46th Regiment
Elijah Johnson (or Johnsons) from Siddington, a labourer, enlisted in the 46th Regiment on the 20th Oct. 1852. He sailed for the Crimea with the main body of the regiment, and landed at Balaklava on 8th Nov. 1854. He died of diarrhoea, 28th Mar. 1855, and was posthumously awarded the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol. He was probably the brother of Corporal Jacob Johnson. 24, 43
Johnson, 2575 Cpl. Jacob, 46th Regiment
Jacob Johnson from Siddington, a labourer, enlisted in the 46th Regiment on the 8th Oct. 1850; he sailed for the Crimea with the main body of the regiment, and landed at Balaklava on 8th Nov. 1854. He died of dysentery, 1st Jan. 1855, and was posthumously awarded the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol. He was probably the brother of Private Elijah Johnson. 24
Jones, Maj. Gen. Sir Harry David, K.C.B.
2nd Lt., Royal Engineers, 17th Sep. 1808; Lt., 24th Jun. 1809; Capt., 12th Nov. 1813; Bt. Maj., 10th Jan. 1837; Lt. Col., 7th Sep. 1840; Bt. Col., 11th Nov. 1851; Col., 7th Jul. 1853; Maj. Gen., 12th Dec. 1854. Served in the expedition to Walcheren in 1809, and the campaigns of 1810–14 in the Peninsula. Appointed Brig. Gen. for particular service in the Baltic in 1854, and commanded the British forces at the siege operations against Bomarsund. Appointed Commanding Royal Engineer in the Crimea, 10th Feb. 1855, and served at the siege and fall of Sebastopol. Appointed one of the members of the Council of War in Paris in 1856. Sir Harry received the K.C.B., the MGS Medal with five clasps, the Baltic Medal, the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol, the Legion of Honour (3rd Class), the Military Order of Savoy (Commander, 1st Class), the Order of the Mejedie (2nd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 30, 52, 66, 83, 85
Kelson, Ens. Thomas Mortimer, 46th Regiment and 6th Regiment
Born 13th Jan. 1835; Ens., 46th Regiment, 15th Mar. 1855; Lt., 16th Jan. 1856; Lt., 6th Regiment, 23rd Oct. 1857; Capt., 1st Dec. 1862; retired by the sale of his commission, 31st May, 1864. Kelson landed in the Crimea, 17th Aug. 1855, and received the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol, and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 73f
Kerr, Lt. Col. Lord Mark, 13th Regiment. 112
Lacy, Ens. Gilbert de Lacy, 63rd Regiment. 104
Lawrenson, Gen. John
Cornet, 12th Nov. 1818; Lt., 6th Dec. 1821; Capt., 27th Aug. 1825; Bt. Maj., 28th Jun. 1838; Maj., 31st Dec. 1839; Lt. Col., 27th Jun. 1845; Col., 20th Jun. 1854; to half-pay, 30th Sep. 1856; Maj. Gen., 6th Apr. 1860; Lt. Gen., 25th Aug. 1868; Col., 13th Hussars, 10th Dec. 1868; General, 2nd Nov. 1875. Commanded the 17th Lancers during the early part of the Crimean War, including the battle of Alma, being appointed to the command of the Heavy Brigade with the Local rank of Brig. Gen., 30th Jul. 1855, and subsequently succeeding to the command of the Cavalry Division, in Dec. 1855. He was awarded the Crimea Medal with two clasps, the Al Valore Militare, the Order of the Mejedie (4th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 96
Lempriere, Capt. A., 77th Regiment. 45
Liprandi, Gen. Pavel Petrovitch
Born in 1796. Served against the French in 1813–14, in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–9 and commanded a regiment in the Polish uprising of 1831. Led a special detachment in Wallachia 1853–4 before transferring to the Crimea, where he distinguished himself at Balaklava. He died in 1864. 73
Listowel, Capt. the Earl of, Scots Fusilier Guards
William Hare, K.P., 3rd Earl of Listowel, Viscount Ennismore and Listowel, Baron Ennismore and Baron Hare, born 29th May, 1833; Ens. & Lt., 14th May, 1852; Lt. & Capt., 26th Dec. 1854, succeeded to the Earldom, 3rd Feb. 1856. Served throughout the Crimean War with the Scots Fusilier Guards, including the battles of the Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and the siege and fall of Sebastopol. The Earl was awarded the Crimea Medal with four clasps and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 109
Lluellyn, Capt. Richard, 46th Regiment
Born, 18th May, 1832; Ens., 15th Dec. 1849; Lt., 28th Oct. 1853; Capt., 2nd Feb. 1855; retired from the army by the sale of his commission, 24th Aug. 1858. He arrived in the Crimea on 8th Nov. 1854, and served at the siege of Sebastopol before returning to the Depot Companies, 6th Feb. 1855. He was awarded the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol (presented by the Queen), and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 13f
Lucan, Earl of, G.C.B.
General George Charles Bingham, third Earl of Lucan, and Baron Lucan of Cas-tlebar was born 16th Apr. 1800; Ens., 29th Aug. 1816; Lt., 24th Dec. 1818; Capt., 16th May, 1822; Maj., 23rd Jun. 1825; Lt. Col., 9th Nov. 1826; Col., 23rd Nov. 1841; Maj. Gen., 11th Nov. 1851; Lt. Gen., 24th Dec. 1858; Col., 1st Life Guards, 22nd Feb. 1865; General, 28th Aug. 1865. Served in the campaign of 1828 on the staff of the Russian Army in Bulgaria, commanded the Cavalry Division in the Crimea in 1854, including the battles of the Alma, Balaklava (wounded) and Inkermann, and in the siege of Sebastopol. Lord Lucan was awarded the G.C.B., the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Order of St. Anne of Russia (3rd Class), the Legion of Honour (3rd Class), the Order of the Mejedie (1st Class), the Russian War Medal of 1828 and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 10
Luders, Gen. Count Alexander Nikolaievich
Born 1790; enrolled in the Bryansk Musketeer Regiment in 1805, fought at Austerlitz, commissioned in 1807. Took part in the Turkish campaign of 1810; the 1812 campaign and 1813 campaign (wounded in the leg at Kulm) and in the Turkish War of 1828–29 (wounded). As a major general and commander of the 1st Brigade of the 3rd Infantry Division, he was in the Polish campaign of 1831. In 1840 his 1st Infantry Division made a landing on the eastern shore of the Black Sea in connection with the Caucasus wars. In 1848 he was made commander of the forces in the Danubian Principalities. In 1849 his force (5th Infantry Corps) crossed into Hapsburg Transylvania to help out the Austrians with their own Hungarian revolt. Served in the Danubian Principalities in 1853–4, and in 1855 was made commander of the Southern Army and the Crimean Army. In 1856 he was released due to illness and until 1861 lived a private life in Odessa. Recalled to serve as viceroy in Poland and commander-in-chief of the 1st Army. He died in 1874. 119, 123, 124
Lyons, Admiral Lord, G.C.B., K.C.H.
Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons, First Baron Lyons, was born in 1790; he commanded in the Dutch West Indies in 1810–11, and in the Black Sea in 1854–55. He was awarded the G.C.B., the K.C.H., the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol, the Order of St. Louis and the Redeemer (Knight), the Order of the Mejedie (1st Class). He died in 1858. 98
Lysons, Gen. Sir Daniel, G.C.B.
Ens., 26th Dec. 1834; Lt., 23rd Aug. 1837; Capt., 29th Dec. 1843; Maj., 3rd Aug. 1849; Lt. Col., 21st Sep. 1854; Col., 17th Jul. 1855; Maj. Gen., 6th Mar. 1868; Lt. Gen., 2nd Jun. 1877; Col., 45th Regiment, 25th Aug. 1878; General, 14th Jul. 1879. Served in Canada during the rebellion of 1838–39 (Mentioned in Despatches); served in the Crimea, including the battles of the Alma (Mentioned in Despatches) and Inkermann, and the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He led the main column in the assault on the Redan of the 18th Jun. and commanded a brigade in the later part of the action (slightly wounded, Mentioned in Despatches), and took part in the final assault of 8th Sep. (severely wounded, Mentioned in Despatches), and commanded the 2nd Brigade of the Light Division from October 1855 until the evacuation of the Crimea. He was awarded the G.C.B., the Crimea Medal with three clasps, the Legion of Honour (4th Class), the Al Valore Militare, the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 113
Maitland, Gen. Charles Lennox Brownlow, C.B.
Ens. & Lt., 9th Apr. 1841; Lt. & Capt., 27th Mar. 1846; Bt. Maj., 15th Sep. 1848; Capt. & Lt. Col., 28th Sep. 1854; Col., 15th Jan. 1860; to half-pay 14th Apr. 1863; Maj. Gen., 6th Mar. 1868; Lt. Gen., 1st Oct. 1877; Col., 1st Battalion, Wiltshire Regiment, 1st Mar. 1884; General, 1st Dec. 1884. Served in the Kaffir War of 1846–7, and in the Crimea War as Deputy Assistant Adjutant General of the Fourth Division, including the battles of the Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann (dangerously wounded), and the siege of Sebastopol. He received the C.B., the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Legion of Honour (5th Class), the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Medal. 1f, 12, 13, 14
de Mallet, Col. Baron Molesworth
Born in England, 2nd Sep. 1808, commissioned into the French army, 10th Jul. 1826. He served in the Légion Étrangère and later the 3e Bataillon d’Infanterie Légère d’Afrique, rising to the rank of Captain on 1st Nov. 1837. He transferred to the 12e de Ligne (23rd Mar. 1840), and the le de Ligne (30th May, 1842), then to the 14e de Ligne with promotion to the rank of Chef de Bataillon (27th Apr. 1846). He transferred in this rank to the 21re de Ligne 22nd Nov. 1852 and it was in this regiment that he served in the Crimea in the Fifth Division, part of the Siege Corps. The division was left at Varna in September but crossed to Sebastopol in Oct. 1854. On 24th Jan. 1855, he was promoted Lt. Col., and appointed to the 42e de Ligne and on 22nd Sep. 1855, he was promoted and transferred as Col. of the 49e de Ligne. He became General of Brigade 12th Aug. 1866, and remained with the Army till the Franco-Prussian War. His war services included extensive campaigns in North Africa, 1832–39; the Crimean War (siege and fall of Sebastopol); and in Italy in 1859. He was awarded the Legion of Honour (3rd Class), the Al Valore Militare and the Crimea medal with clasp for Sebastopol. He died in Edinburgh on 4th Oct., 1886. 86, 112
Markham, Maj. Gen. Frederick, C.B.
Ens., 13th May, 1834; Lt., 22nd Oct. 1825; Capt., 16th Apr. 1829; Maj., 28th Sep. 1839; Lt. Col., 22nd Jul. 1842; Col., 2nd Aug. 1850; Maj. Gen., 28th Nov. 1854. Served in Canada during the rebellion of 1837 (wounded severely); in the Punjab Campaign of 1848–9, commanding 2nd Infantry Brigade at the first and second siege operations at Mooltan (wounded) and the Division at the action of Soorjkoond, and the Bengal Column at the storming and capture of Mooltan on 2nd Jan. 1849, commanded the Brigade at the battle of Goojerat; commanded the Second Division in the Crimea from 18th Jul. 1855 until 29th Sep. 1855, when he left for England on Medical Certificate: he was to die before the year was out. He was awarded the C.B., the Punjab Medal with two clasps and the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol. 66, 69, 81, 82, 91, 92, 94
de la Marmora, Gen. Alfonso Ferrero, Sardinian Army
Born 18th Nov. 1804; entered Sardinian army, 1832; distinguished himself at the siege of Peschiera del Garda in May 1848, commanded the Sardinian Army in the Crimea, including the battle of the Chernaya and the siege and fall of Sebastopol. Prime Minister, 1859–60 and 1864–66; resigned to take command of an Army Corps during the war of 1866, which force was heavily defeated by the Austrians at Custozza. He died on 5th Jan. 1878. 63, 91, 96, 98
Marsack, Capt. Henry Charles, 46th Regiment and 2/24th Regiment
Born 7th Aug. 1822; Ens., 46th Regiment, 1st May, 1855; Lt., 2nd Battalion, 24th Regiment, by promotion, 13th Jul. 1858; Capt., 7th Jan. 1862; retired by the sale of his commission the following year. He landed in the Crimea on 18th Aug. 1855, and served at the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He received the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol, and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 73f
de Martimprey, Gen. Edmond Charles
Born on the 16th Jun. 1808. Entered St.-Cyr, 16th Nov. 1826 and commissioned 1st Oct. 1828. He campaigned each year in Algeria between 1835 and 1852 and participated in no less than twenty-two expeditions, sieges, combats, etc. He was sent to the Crimea in 1854 in the rank of General of Brigade as Chief of the General Staff of the Army of the Orient, a position he held through the war under Marshal de Saint-Arnaud, and Generals Canrobert and Pélissier. He served at the battles of Alma and Inkermann and in the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was promoted General of Division 11th Jun. 1855. After the end of the Crimean War he saw service in North Africa (1857–59), Italy (1859, including the battles of Magenta and Solferino) and again in Algeria (1859–64). He became a Senator in 1864, and saw service for the last time during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. He died in Paris on 24th Feb. 1883. 115
Maude, Lt. Col. George Ashley, Royal Artillery
2nd Lt., 19th Dec. 1834; Lt., 27th Mar. 1837; Capt., 1st Apr. 1846; Bt. Maj., 12th Dec. 1854; Lt. Col., 23rd Feb. 1856. Served in the campaign in the Crimea of 1854 in command of a Troop of Horse Artillery, including the battles of Alma and Balaklava (dangerously wounded, and horse shot under him), and the siege of Sebastopol. He was awarded the C.B., the Crimea Medal with three clasps, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 10
Maunsell, Capt. Edward Beauchamp, 39th Regiment. 64
Maxse, Commander Frederick Augustus. 68
McClellan, Gen. George Brinton, U.S. Army
The most controversial figure of the American Civil War, relieved of his command of the Army of the Potomac in 1862 for his failure to prosecute the war aggressively, he nevertheless achieved the rank of General-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States in 1864. He was Democratic Nominee for President of the United States in 1864, Chief Engineer of the New York City Department of Docks 1868–72, President of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad 1872–78 and Governor of New Jersey from 1878–81. He visited the Crimea as an observer, and his observations were published in 1857. He died in 1885. 87f
McDougall, Gen. Sir Patrick Leonard, K.C.M.G.
Born, 1819; 2nd Lt., 13th Feb. 1836; Lt., 11th May, 1839; Capt., 7th Jun. 1844; Maj., 9th Feb. 1849; Bt. Lt. Col., 17th Jul. 1855; Col., 17th Jul. 1858; Maj. Gen., 6th Mar. 1868; Lt. Gen., 1st Oct. 1877; Local rank of General Commanding the Forces in Canada, 1878; Col., 2nd West India Regiment, 21st Dec. 1881; General, 1st Oct. 1883; Col., Leinster Regiment, 26th Aug. 1891. Commandant of the Staff College, 1854–1861; employed ‘on particular service’ in the Crimea, acting on the Quarter Master General’s Staff to the Kertch Expedition, for which he received the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol, and the Turkish Crimea Medal. Sir Patrick married one of Sir William Napier’s daughters, hence Fred Dallas’ acquaintance with him. 61, 70, 75
MacMahon, General of Division Marie Edme Patrice Maurice, Duc de Magenta
Born 13th Jul. 1808; commissioned in the French Army, 1827; served extensively in Algeria, and achieved the rank of General of Division by 1852; arrived in the Crimea, 18th Aug. 1855, and assumed the command of Canrobert’s former division, the First of the Second Corps, two days later. During the assault of 8th Sep. 1855, his division was tasked to assault the Malakoff. It was his division’s success in taking and holding the Malakoff despite repeated Russian attempts during the remainder of the day to recapture it that led to the evacuation of Sebastopol the following day. Further distinguished himself in the Italian Campaign of 1859 as the victor of Magenta. Appointed Governor-General of Algeria, 1864; commanded the I Army Corps during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71; wounded and defeated at the Battle of Wörth. Appointed to the command of the Versailles Army, which defeated the Communards in May 1871. Elected President of the Republic on 24th May, 1873, and resigned on 28th Jan. 1879. He died on 17th Oct. 1893. 88, 98
McMurdo, Col. William Montagu Scott, C.B.
Ens., 1st Jul. 1837; Lt., 5th Jan. 1841; Capt., 7th Jul. 1843; Bt. Maj., 18th Feb. 1848; Bt. Lt. Col., 21st Oct. 1853; local rank of Col., 28th Nov. 1854; Maj., 12th Oct. 1855; Col. Commandant, Military Train, 1st Apr. 1857. Served as Assistant Quarter Master General of the Army under Sir Charles Napier during the campaign in Scinde in 1843, including the battles of Meeanee (horse shot under him) and Hyderabad (wounded), and in the same role in Sir Charles’ campaign of 1845. Served in the Crimea as Director-General, Land Transport Corps. He was awarded the C.B., the Scinde Medal, the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol, the Legion of Honour (4th Class), the Order of the Mejedie (4th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 66, 70, 100
Macpherson, Col. Ewen Henry Davidson, Cluny Macpherson
Ens., 3rd Nov. 1854; Lt., 9th Feb. 1855; Capt., 13th May, 1859; Maj., 5th Jul. 1872; Lt. Col., 1st Jan. 1879; Col., 1st Jan. 1883; to half-pay, 25th Mar. 1890; Commanding Highland Brigade Infantry Volunteers, 5th Apr. 1890. Served in the Crimea with the 93rd Highlanders from 14th Jul. 1855, including the siege and fall of Sebastopol; served in the Indian Mutiny, including the relief of Lucknow, the battle of Cawnpore, the siege and fall of Lucknow and the Oudh campaign; served in the Eusofzie Campaign of 1863–64 and at the Umbeyla Pass under Sir John Garvock. He received the Crimea Medal with one clasp, the Indian Mutiny Medal with two clasps and the India General Service Medal with one clasp. He died in 1900. 70, 85, 115
Menshikoff [Menschikoff also used], Gen. Prince Alexander Sergeievich, Russian Army
Born Sep. 1787; entered the army, 1809; Maj. Gen. within seven years; Supreme Commander, Land and Sea Forces in the Crimea, 1854, including the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann; relieved of his command, Mar. 1855. Sent to Constantinople in 1853 to ‘negotiate’ with the Porte, his intransigence led to the declaration of war by Turkey. His failures in the field against the Allies in 1854 spelt the end of his meteoric rise, and he was appointed Military Governor of Kronstadt in 1856. He died on 12th May, 1869. 13f, 36, 37, 38, 99f
Messenger, Lt. John Horndon, 46th Regiment
Born 10th Jul. 1835; Ens., 25th Aug. 1854; Lt., 9th Feb. 1855; killed by the explosion of a mine at Sebastopol, 15th Jan. 1856. Lt. Messenger was posthumously awarded the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 105
Monet, Comte Adolphe de, General of Division
In March 1854 General De Monet was assigned as commander of the 1st Brigade of the French Third Division. He commanded the brigade in the Battle of the Alma, Sep. 20, 1854, and as part of the Siege Corps before Sebastopol. Commanded the Third Division from Nov. 1854 until Feb. 1855, when he returned to the command of his brigade. De Monet was placed in command of a French sortie on the night of 23rd/24th Feb. 1855. At 1 a.m. he assaulted the Russian position known as the Ouvrages Blanc, with the 2nd Zouaves and one battalion of the 4th Marines. De Monet was wounded three times and his command suffered over 200 casualties, few of them serious. He was formally relieved of his command on 18th Mar. 1855, and returned to France. 32
Mordecai, Maj. Alfred, U. S. Army
Graduated first in his class at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, 1819; commissioned 2nd Lt., U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1819; served in the Mexican War, 1846–48; and as an observer in the Crimean War, 1855–56. His report was published in 1860. Mordecai was indeed an ‘Old Clo’ ‘in Dallas’ terms, and was the subject of a motivational book for young Jews, The Uncommon Soldier, published in America in 1959. 87
Morris, Louis Michel, General of Division
General of Division, 22nd Dec. 1851. Assigned to command the Cavalry Division of the Army of the Orient in March 1854, and remained in command of a reorganised cavalry division which was constituted in May 1855, assigned to the First Corps. Served at the battles of Balaklava, Inkermann and the Chernaya, and in the siege and fall of Sebastopol. 88
La Motte de la Motte Rouge, Joseph Edouard, General of Division
Born 1804; entered St.-Cyr, 1815; commissioned, 1822; promoted General of Brigade as a result of his support for the coup of 1851. Commanded a Brigade of the Siege Corps at the siege of Sebastopol from Oct. 1854 until 26th May, 1855, when he was promoted and assigned to command the 5th Division of the Second Corps. His division was charged with responsibility for the defence of the Mamelon Vert and during the assault of 8th Sep. 1855, it was tasked to assault the curtain wall between the Malakoff and the Small Redan. Motte Rouge and his two brigade commanders, General Charles Bourbaki, and Col Joseph Picard of the 91st of the Line, were all wounded in this effort. Motte Rouge remained in the Crimea until May 13, 1856 when he embarked for France with his staff. Commanded a Division in Italy in 1859 (wounded at Magenta), and a Corps in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. He died on 29th Jan. 1883. 112
Munro, Lt. Col. William, 39th Regiment. 89
Napier, Lt. Gen. Sir William Francis Patrick, K.C.B.
1785–1860; author of the definitive History of the War in the Peninsula and friend of the Dallas family. 10, 13, 39, 57, 66
Napoleon III, Emperor of the French
Born 20th Apr. 1808; spent the majority of his adult life in prison or in exile; was elected President of the Republic in 1848, dissolved the Constitution in 1851, and assumed the title of Emperor in 1852. His enthusiasm for the Crimean War was based in part on his desire to emulate his uncle, the first Napoleon, and it was with difficulty that he was persuaded not to meddle in the affairs of his commanders in the Crimea. He oversaw the French involvement in the Second China War (1857–60) and the Austrian war of 1859, and declared war on Prussia in 1870, taking personal command of the French Army in the field. France lost the war of 1870–71, and Napoleon III returned to exile, dying at Chiselhurst in Kent, on 9th Jan. 1873. 69, 74, 115
Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme, and Earl of Lincoln; born 22nd May, 1811; succeeded to the title, 12th Jan. 1851, appointed Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, 1852–4; Secretary of State for War, June 1854 to Feb. 1855. His Grace died in 1864. 71
Nicholas I, Czar of all the Russias
Born 7th Jul. 1796; succeeded to the throne, 1825; died 2nd Mar. 1855. Although an archetypal absolutist monarch and a vicious suppresser of reform, Nicholas was unaccountably adored by his subjects. 8, 24, 25, 34, 35, 36, 38
Niel, Adolphe, General of Division
Born, 1802; appointed General of Division, April 30, 1855. Served in the Baltic in 1854 and was engaged in the capture of Bomarsund. He was then sent to the Crimea in 1855 as the special representative of the Emperor Napoleon III. He became the Commander-in-Chief of the Engineers of the army on April 11, 1855 following the death of General Bizot. Niel died in 1869. 30
Nightingale, Florence, O.M.
Born 15th May, 1820, studied at Kaiserwerth and elsewhere, and became the leading expert on nursing. After reading press reports of the battle of the Alma, she volunteered to organise a nursing department at Scutari. The fame of the ‘Lady with the Lamp’ survives to this day. She spent the rest of her long life working to reform nursing, and is almost single-handedly responsible for it having become a true profession. She was awarded the Order of Merit in 1907, and died in 1910. 17
de Noé, Lt. Col. Louis Robert Jean, Baron, le Chasseurs d’Afrique
Commissioned by the Minister of War to aid in the creation of the Spahis d’Orient – the French Bashi-Bazouks. He left France aboard the Henri IV on the 1st Jul. 1854 and arrived at Gallipoli on the 11th. Broke camp on the 22nd for the Dobrutcha region and was back at Varna by the 7th August. The unit was ordered to be disbanded on the 14th, and he was given the task of doing so. He was next assigned to the 1er Regiment de Chasseurs d’Afrique which went across to the Crimea in October 1854. Served at the battles of Balaklava and the Chernaya, and in the siege and fall of Sebastopol. 10, 15, 53
Nolan, Capt. Lewis Edward, 15th Hussars
Ens., 15th Mar. 1839; Lt., 19th Jun. 1841; Capt., 8th Mar. 1850. Author of highly-regarded works on stable management and cavalry tactics, Aide de Camp to General Airey, killed in action, 25th Oct. 1854. 10, 26f
Omar Pasha, Turkish Army
Born Michael Lattas, a Croat, on 24th Nov. 1806; served in the Austrian Army before deserting, fleeing to Bosnia, embracing Islam, and obtaining the position of writing-master to the future Sultan Abdul-Mejid. On the Sultan’s accession to the throne in 1839, Omar was appointed Col., and in 1842, Governor of the Lebanon. He commanded the Sultan’s troops in Albania, Bosnia and Kurdistan, 1843–47, and in the Danubian Principalities in 1853–4. He landed in the Crimea in Feb. 1855, and took command at Eupatoria, with mostly Turkish troops, where he was highly successful in its defence against superior Russian forces. In 1861 he again pacified Bosnia and Herzegovina, and overran Montenegro in 1862. He died on 18th Apr. 1871. 43, 44, 46, 47, 63, 97, 101, 103
Omnium, Jacob – see Higgins
Orloff, Prince Count Alexei Theodorovich
Born in 1786; commissioned 1804, served at Austerlitz, in Prussia, and in the rest of the campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars (wounded seven times at Borodino). Accompanied Nicholas I in the field during the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29. Head of the Corps of Gendarmes and the 3rd Section of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery (i.e., the secret police) from 1844. Was received by Napoleon III in Paris in 1856 in connection with the conclusion of the Crimean War. He died in 1861. 99f
Osten-Sacken, Gen. Count Dmitri Yerofeyevitch
Born 1789; fought against the French in the Napoleonic War and with distinction in the wars with Persia (1826–7) and Turkey (1828–9); also in the suppression of the uprisings in Poland (1831) and Vienna (1848). Organised the defence of Odessa against allied bombardment in April 1854 and took command of Sebastopol in February 1855, temporarily succeeding Prince Mentschikov until Gorschakov assumed overall command of the Crimean army. Made Count after his retirement in 1856. He died in 1881. 64, 67
Oxenden, Brevet Maj. Charles Vernon, 1st Rifle Brigade. 134
Paget, Gen. Lord George Augustus Frederick
Born, 16th Mar. 1818; Cornet, 25th Jul. 1834; Lt., 1st Dec. 1837; Capt., 17th Aug. 1841; Maj., 30th Jan. 1846; Lt. Col., 29th Dec. 1846; Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Maj. Gen., 11th Nov. 1861; Col. 7th Dragoon Guards, 28th Jan. 1868; Lt. Gen., 28th Feb. 1871; Col., 4th Hussars, 1874; General, 1 Oct. 1877. Commanded 4th Light Dragoons at Alma and Balaklava; Light Cavalry Brigade at Inkermann, and the Cavalry Division for part of 1855. Was awarded the K.C.B., the Crimea medal with four clasps, the Legion of Honour (4th Class), the Al Valore Militare, the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. He died 30th Jun. 1880 40, 63, 64, 104f
Palmerston, Lord
Henry John Temple, third Viscount Palmerston, born 20th Oct. 1784; Secretary at War, 1809–28; Foreign Secretary, 1830–1841, 1846–1851; Home Secretary, 1852–55; Prime Minister, 1855–57; 1857–58, 1859–65. Died 18th Oct. 1865. One of the great statesmen of the Victorian era, famous for his bullish approach to foreign policy issues, and his general good humour. 35f
Panmure, Lord – see Dalhousie, Lord
Paté, Charles, General of Division
Sent out to the Crimea in the winter of 1854–55 to command the 6th Division, renamed the 3rd Division of the First Corps, 9th Feb. 1855. He commanded the Right Attack in the fighting on the Town Front during the night of 22nd–23rd May, 1855. He was wounded in the fight and was among those cited in an Order of the Day for their part in the combat. 86
Paulet, Field Marshal Lord William, G.C.B.
Ens., 1st Feb. 1821; Lt., 23rd Aug. 1822; Capt., 12th Feb. 1825; Maj., 10th Sep. 1830; Lt. Col., 21st Apr. 1843; Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Maj. Gen., 13th Dec. 1858; Col., 68th Light Infantry, 9th Apr. 1864; Lt. Gen., 8th Dec. 1867; General, 7th Oct. 1874; Field Marshal, 10th Jul. 1886. Served in the Crimea as Assistant Adjutant General to the Cavalry Division, including the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and the siege of Sebastopol. He was awarded the G.C.B., the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Legion of Honour (4th Class), the Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus (Commander 1st Class), the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 84, 86, 113, 115, 127, 129f
Pelissier, Maréchal Amiable Jean Jacques, Duc de Malakhoff
Pelissier was born 6th Nov. 1794, served in Spain, 1823; in the Morea, 1828; in Algeria 1830 and 1839. Achieved lasting notoriety for suffocating 500 Arabs in caves in the Dahra. He was promoted General of Division, 15th Apr. 1850. He arrived in the Crimea on 10th Feb. 1855 and assumed command of the First Corps. On 16th May, 1855 General Canrobert asked to be replaced and recommended Pelissier’s appointment which followed a few days later. His first command decision was to reorganise his army on 20th May, 1855. His second, to authorise French participation in an expedition to Kertch, much to the delight of his British allies who had been greatly annoyed when Canrobert cancelled the first expedition in deference to the Emperor’s wishes. Pelissier remained in command of the French Army in the Crimea until the evacuation. He was promoted Maréchal of France on 12th Sep. 1855, and shortly thereafter was ennobled as the Duc de Malakhoff. He was the French Ambassador to the Court of St. James, 1858-59, and subsequently Governor of Algeria until his death on 22nd May, 1864. 32, 51, 55, 58, 63, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 81, 82, 93, 96, 98, 99f, 103, 107, 123, 128, 132
Pembroke, Lady. 121
Pennefather, Gen. Sir John Lysaght, G.C.B.
Cornet, 14th Jan. 1818; Lt., 20th Feb. 1823; Capt., 5th Nov. 1825; Maj., 22nd Mar. 1831; Lt. Col., 18th Oct. 1839; Col., 19th Jun. 1846; Maj. Gen., 20th Jun. 1854; Col., 46th Regiment, 19th Nov. 1854; Local Lt. Gen., 7th Sep. 1855; Col., 22nd Regiment, 13th Feb. 1860; Lt. Gen., 12th Nov. 1860; General, 9th May, 1868. Served in the conquest of Scinde and commanded the Infantry Brigade at Meeanee (severely wounded); commanded a brigade at the battle of the Alma and in the early part of the siege, including the sortie of 26th Oct. 1854. Commanded the Division at and after the battle of Inkermann (horse killed under him). He was awarded the G.C.B., the Scinde Medal for Meeanee, the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Legion of Honour (2nd Class), the Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus (Commander, 1st Class), the Order of the Mejedie (2nd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 18, 29, 59, 60, 64, 116
Piper, Capt. Robert William, 46th Regiment
Born 6th Dec. 1824; Ens., 28th May, 1842; Lt., 11th Jul. 1845; Capt., 23rd Apr. 1852; resigned by the sale of his commission, 25th Jan. 1860. Served in the Crimea from 8th Nov. 1854, including the siege and fall of Sebastopol. Was awarded the Crimea medal with one clasp, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 116, 125
Ponsonby, Lt. Col. Henry Frederick, Grenadier Guards. 112
Raglan, Field Marshal Lord, G.C.B.
Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, first Baron Raglan; born 30th Sep. 1788; Cornet, 9th Jun. 1804; Lt., 30th May, 1805; Capt., 5th May, 1808; Maj., 9th Jun. 1811; Lt. Col., 27th Apr. 1812; Col., 28th Aug. 1815; Maj. Gen., 27th May, 1825; Col., 53rd Regiment, 19th Nov. 1830; Lt. Gen., 28th Jun. 1838; General, 20th Jun. 1854; Field Marshal, 5th Nov. 1854. Lord Raglan was for many years Aide de Camp and Military Secretary to the Duke of Wellington, and served throughout the campaigns in Spain, Portugal, France and Belgium (wounded at Busaco and at Waterloo). He served as Master-General of the Ordnance from Sep. 1852 until May, 1855, and was Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Artillery and the Royal Engineers. He commanded the British Forces in the Invasion of the Crimea, including the battles of the Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and the siege of Sebastopol. His awards included the G.C.B., the Peninsular Gold Cross with five clasps, the MGS Medal with five clasps, the Waterloo Medal, and, posthumously, the Crimea Medal with four clasps, and the Turkish Crimea Medal. He died 28th Jun. 1855. 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38f, 49, 55, 56, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69, 85, 125
Ramsbottom, Lt. H.B., 97th Regiment. 22f
Read, Gen., [Wrede in the letters] Russian Army Commander of the Russian 3rd Infantry Corps, killed at the battle of the Chernaya, 18th Aug. 1855. 73
Rokeby, Gen. Lord, G.C.B.
Henry Montagu, 6th Baron Rokeby, and a Baronet, was born 2nd Feb. 1798; Ens., 21st Apr. 1814; Lt. & Capt., 12th Jun. 1823; Capt. & Lt. Col., 21st Sep. 1832; Col., 9th Nov. 1846; Maj., 28th Jun. 1850; Lt. Col., 17th Feb. 1854; Maj. Gen., 20th Jun. 1854; Col., 77th Regiment, 13th Feb. 1861; Lt. Gen., 20th Sep. 1861; General, 8th Mar. 1869; Col., Scots Guards, 13th May, 1875. Served in the campaign of 1815 with the 3rd Guards, and was present at Quatre Bras and Waterloo; served in the Crimean War commanding the 1st Division, including the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was awarded the K.C.B., the Waterloo Medal, the Crimea Medal with one clasp, the Legion of Honour (3rd Class), the Al Valore Militare, the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 26, 29, 36, 37, 43, 61, 73, 88, 95, 113, 117, 128, 129, 130
Rose, Maj. Gen. Sir Henry Hugh, G.C.B.
Ens., 8th Jun. 1820; Lt., 24th Oct. 1821; Capt., 22 Jul. 1824; Maj., 30th Dec. 1826; Lt. Col., 17th Sep. 1839; Col., 11th Nov. 1851; Maj. Gen., 12th Dec. 1854; Col., 45th Regiment, 20th Jul. 1858. Served in the Syrian Campaign of 1840–1; in the Crimea, where he was the Queen’s Commissioner at the Headquarters of the French Army; in India where he commanded the Central India Field Force, including the siege and capture of Jhansi and the storming of Gwalior. He was awarded the G.C.B., the medal for Syria, the Crimea medal and clasps, the Indian Mutiny Medal with one clasp, the Cross of St. John of Jerusalem of Prussia, the Legion of Honour (3rd Class), the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 121
Russell, Maj. Lord Alexander George, Rifle Brigade. 104, 129f
Russell, Lord John, K.G.
John Russell, First Earl Russell, was born 18th Aug. 1792, entered politics and became a strong advocate of Reform; assisted in the framing of the first Reform Bill; Home Secretary, 1835–39; Colonial Secretary, 1839–41; Prime Minister, 1846–52 and 1865; Foreign Secretary, 1852–55 and 1859–65. He died 28th May, 1878. 29, 35
Russell, Sir William Howard, LL.D.
Born 28th Mar. 1821, a journalist and war correspondent, covered the Crimean War; the Indian Mutiny; the American Civil War; the Austro-Prussian War; the Franco-Prussian War and the Zulu War. Founder of the Army and Navy Gazette he was also at one time Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII). He died in 1907. 32, 89, 129
Saunderson, Lt. F. de Luttrell, 68th Regiment. 100f
Savage, Capt. Fred Stuckley, 68th Regiment. 33f, 50f, 69f
Saxe-Weimar, His Serene Highness Field Marshal Prince William Augustus Edward of, K.P., G.C.B.
Ens., 1st Jun. 1841; Ens. & Lt., 8th Jun. 1841; Lt. & Capt., 9th May, 1846; Bt. Maj., 20th Jun. 1854; Bt. Lt. Col., 12th Dec. 1854; Capt. & Lt. Col., 18th May, 1855; Col., 5th Oct. 1855; Maj., Grenadier Guards, 14th Jun. 1864; Maj. Gen., 6th Mar. 1868; Lt. Gen., 6th Jul. 1877; Col., 10th Regiment, 11th Nov. 1878; General, 14th Nov. 1879; Col., 1st Life Guards, 14th Nov. 1888; Field Marshal, 22nd Jun. 1897. Prince Edward served in the Crimea with the Grenadier Guards, including the battles of the Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and siege of Sebastopol, being wounded in the trenches on 19th Oct. 1854. He was once mentioned in despatches, and was awarded the C.B., the Crimea medal with four clasps, the Legion of Honour (4th Class), the order of the Mejedie (4th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal for his Crimean services. 26
Scarlett, Lt. Gen. Hon. Sir James Yorke, K.C.B.
Cornet, 26th Mar. 1818; Lt., 24th Oct. 1821; Capt., 9th Jun. 1825; Maj., 11th Jun. 1830; Lt. Col., 3rd Jul. 1840; Col., 11th Nov. 1851; Maj. Gen., 12th Dec. 1854; Col., 5th Dragoon Guards, 3rd Aug. 1860; Lt. Gen., 9th Nov. 1862. Commanded the Heavy Cavalry Brigade, and later the Cavalry Division, in the Crimea, including the battles of Balaklava, Inkermann and the Chernaya and the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was awarded the K.C.B., the Crimea Medal with three clasps, the Legion of Honour (3rd Class), the Al Valore Militare, the Order of the Mejedie (2nd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 10f, 88
Sefton, Lt. William P., Earl of, Grenadier Guards. 129
Seymour, Lt. Col. Charles Francis, Scots Fusilier Guards
Ens. & Lt., 5th Jun. 1835; Lt. & Capt., 23rd Nov. 1838; Capt. & Lt. Col., 1st Aug. 1848. He served on Sir George Cathcart’s staff in the Kaffir Wars of 1842–3 and 1846–7, and in the Crimean War, including the battles of the Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, where he met his end. 1f, 11, 12, 13, 14
Shadforth, Lt. Col. Thomas, 57th Regiment. 58
Shervinton, Capt. Charles Robert, 46th Regiment, Land Transport Corps, Military Train and Commissariat & Transport Corps
Born, 26th Sep. 1823; Ens., 46th Regiment, 20th May, 1842; Lt., 6th Jul. 1845; Capt., 22nd Sep. 1854; Bt. Maj., 6th Jun. 1856; Bde. Maj., Military Train, 3rd Mar. 1857; Bt. Lt. Col., 1st Jan. 1868; Assistant Commissary General, 1st Jan. 1870. He sailed for the Crimea with the advance party, landing on 14th Sep. 1854 at Calamita Bay, and served throughout the Crimean War, including the battles of the Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was appointed to the command of the 1st Battalion, the Land Transport Corps in 1856. He was awarded the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 25, 116, 125
Simpson, Gen. Sir James, G.C.B.
Ens., 3rd Apr. 1811; Lt. & Capt., 25th Dec. 1813; Capt. & Lt. Col., 28th Apr. 1825; Col., 28th Jun. 1838; Maj. Gen., 11th Nov. 1851; Lt. Gen., 29th Jun. 1855; Col., 87th Regiment, 29th Jun. 1855; General, 8th Sep. 1855. Served in the Peninsula from May 1812 to May 1813, and in the campaign of 1815, being severely wounded at Quatre Bras. He was second-in-command to Sir Charles Napier in his campaign of 1845, served in the Crimea, 1855-56, as Chief of the Staff, and subsequently Commander-in-Chief, including the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was awarded the G.C.B., the Waterloo Medal, the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol, the Legion of Honour (1st Class), the Military Order of Savoy (1st Class), the Order of the Mejedie (1st Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 38, 61, 62, 63, 66, 75, 81, 82, 84, 85, 89, 90, 91, 93, 113, 119
Smith, Brevet Lt. Col. Hugh, 3rd Regiment. 1f, 47, 135
Smyth, Col. Harry, 68th Regiment. 12, 13
Soyer, Alexis
1809–1858, the most famous chef of his age; was head chef at the Reform Club from 1837–50; went to Ireland during the potato famine and to the Crimea in 1855 to attempt to reform the food systems in use. His ‘Soyer Stove’ (a large apparatus for field cooking) was in use with the British Army for many years, and derivative designs were deployed during the Gulf War. 75, 99f, 111f, 123, 124, 127, 129, 130
Spencer, Gen. Hon. Sir Augustus Almeric, G.C.B.
Ens., 8th Apr. 1825; Lt., 5th Jul. 1827; Capt., 6th Apr. 1831; Maj., 21st Jul. 1843; Lt. Col., 17th May, 1845; Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Local Brig. Gen., 30th Jul. 1855; Maj. Gen., 13th Feb. 1860; Col., 96th Regiment, 28th Oct. 1866; Lt. Gen., 9th May, 1868; Col., 43rd Regiment, 14th Jun. 1869; General, 17th Sep. 1875. Served throughout the Crimean War, initially in command of the 44th Regiment (Alma, Inkermann, assault of 18th June), latterly as commander of 1st Brigade, Fourth Division (siege and fall of Sebastopol), and commander, Land Forces, in the Expedition to Kinburn. He was awarded the G.C.B., the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Legion of Honour (3rd Class), the Al Valore Militare, the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 82
Sterling, Lt. Col. Anthony Coningham, Unattached. 32, 96
Stopford, Rear-Admiral The Hon. Montague. 1, 2
Strangways, Brig. Gen. Thomas Fox, RA
2nd Lt., 18th Dec. 1806; Lt., 1st Feb. 1808; Capt., 12th Dec. 1826; Bt. Maj., 23rd Nov. 1841; Lt. Col., 1st Apr. 1846; Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Local Brig. Gen., 1854. Served in the campaigns of 1813 and 1814 in Germany, and the campaign of 1815 in Belgium (wounded at Waterloo). He succeeded to the command of the Royal Artillery in the Crimea on the resignation of General Cator, and commanded the RA at Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, where he was killed. He received the Waterloo Medal, the Russian Order of St. Anne, the Swedish Order of the Sword, and, posthumously, the Crimea Medal with four clasps and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 12, 13
Stratford de Redcliffe, Lord, K.G., G.C.B.
Stratford Canning, Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, born 4th Nov. 1786; Minister Plenipotentiary to the Constantinople Embassy; Minister in Switzerland, 1814–17; commissioner at the Congress of Vienna in 1815; Minister to the United States, 1819–23; Ambassador in Constantinople, 1825–28. Although appointed Ambassador to St. Petersburg in 1833, the Tsar refused to receive him. Ambassador in Constantinople, 1842–58. He died 14th Aug. 1880. 45, 47, 75
Street, Lt. Col. John Alfred, 57th Regiment. 41
Swinton, Maj. William, RA. 22
Swire, Capt. Roger, 17th Regiment. 86
Swyny, Lt. Col. Exham Schomberg Turner, 63rd Regiment
Ens., 1st Oct. 1829; Lt., 17th Oct. 1833; Capt., 8th Aug. 1838; Maj., 22nd Oct. 1847; Lt. Col., 23rd Dec. 1853. Commanded the 63rd Regiment at the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, where he fell in action. He was posthumously awarded the Crimea medal with four clasps and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 11, 12
Talon, Vicomte. 119f, 122, 123
Thesiger, Brevet Maj. Frederick Augustus, Grenadier Guards. 92
Todleben, Gen. Francis Edward
Born 1818; Russian general and military engineer; distinguished himself in the Danubian Principalities, 1853–54, and devised and conducted the defence of Sebastopol, 1854–55. Commanded the besieging forces at Plevna, 1877–78, and captured that city. He died in Germany in 1884, and was buried in Sebastopol. 64, 95
Torrens, Maj. Gen. Sir Arthur Wellesley; K.C.B.
Lt., 14th Apr. 1825; Capt., 12th Jun. 1830; Lt. Col., 11th Sep. 1840; Col., 11th Nov. 1851; Maj. Gen., 12th Dec. 1854. Appointed to the command of the 2nd Brigade of the Fourth Division in the Crimean War, served at the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and in the siege of Sebastopol. He was severely wounded at Inkermann, and died in Paris, where he had been sent as Military Commissioner, in Aug. 1855. He was awarded the K.C.B., the Crimea Medal with four clasps, and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 1f, 7f, 11, 12, 13, 14
Trollope, Gen. Sir Charles, K.C.B.
Ens., 19th Nov. 1825; Lt., 10th Oct. 1826; Capt., 23rd Aug. 1831; Maj., 16th Jun. 1843; Lt. Col., 20th Nov. 1846; Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Brig. Gen., 31st Jul. 1855; Maj. Gen., 20th Sep. 1861; Col., 53rd Regiment, 27th Dec. 1868. Lt. Gen., 24th Feb. 1871; General, 1st Oct. 1877. Served in the Crimea from 10th Nov. 1854, firstly as commander of 1st Brigade, Second Division, and subsequently as commander (with local rank of Brig. Gen.) of 2nd Brigade, Third Division. He received the K.C.B., the Crimea medal with one clasp, the Legion of Honour (4th Class), the Al Valore Militare, the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 69
Tryon, Lt. Henry, Rifle Brigade
2nd Lt., 2nd Jul. 1847; Lt., 12th Oct. 1852; killed in action in the Crimea, 20th Nov. 1854. 14, 36
Vesey, Maj. Arthur George, 46th Regiment
Born, Nov. 1819; Ens., 29th May, 1835; Lt., 25th Aug. 1837; Capt., 22nd Jul. 1842; Bt. Maj., 20th Jun. 1854; Maj., 29th Dec. 1854; Lt. Col., 31st Aug. 1858; Col., 31st Aug. 1863. Landed in the Crimea on 8th Nov. 1854, and served at the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was awarded the Crimea Medal with one clasp, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. He died in 1868. 25, 27
Veselitskii [Vassilefsky and other variations also used], Gen. Sergei Gavrilovich, Russian Army
Born 1804; commissioned, 1822; Maj. Gen., 1850. As a brigade commander (1st Brigade, 5th Infantry Division), he was distinguished by his strict sense of duty and was energetic in investigating malfeasance in commissariat matters. Veselitskii’s zeal in uncovering the practice of adding ashes to the flour for soldiers’ bread supposedly led to his retirement by General Field-Marshal Paskevich, but Gorchakov recognised his qualities and recalled him to serve as a divisional commander. He was wounded in early 1854 during the crossing of the Danube at Brailov, for which he was awarded a gold sword for bravery. He was awarded the Order of St. Stanislas 1st Class for his actions at the siege of Silistria in May of 1854, when his position was to carry out special assignments for the commander-in-chief of the 3rd, 4th and 5th Infantry Corps (Gortchakoff). He held the same position later in 1854 under Gorchakov when that general assumed command of the Southern Army. In 1855, Veselitskii was acting commander of the 17th Infantry Division. After the war, he commanded the 6th Infantry Division; he died in 1866. 99f, 124, 125, 127
Victoria, Her Majesty Queen
Born 24th May, 1819; Queen, 20th Jun. 1837; Empress of India, 1876; died 22nd Jan. 1901. Arguably the greatest Monarch in British history, her name came to symbolise the era of empire, of industrial growth, and of Britain’s pre-eminent position in the world. 74, 104, 116
Vinoy, Joseph Baptiste, General of Division
Commanded the 2nd Brigade of the French First Division in the Crimea, including the battles of the Alma and Balaklava, and the assault on the Malakhov of 8th Sep. 1855. Vinoy was appointed to the command of a Division on 10th Oct. 1855. 121
Vivian, Gen. Sir Robert John Hussey, G.C.B.
Born 1802; Ens., 12th Jun. 1819; Lt., 13th Jun. 1819; Capt., 1st Aug. 1825; Maj., 9th Dec. 1836; Lt. Col., 15th Oct. 1841; Col., 15th Sep. 1851; Maj. Gen., 28th Nov. 1854; Col., 102nd Regiment, 30th Sep. 1862; Lt. Gen., 24th Oct. 1862; General, 22nd Nov. 1870; retired from the service, 1877. Served throughout the Burma War of 1824–26, including the assault and capture of Rangoon. In 1855 he became a director of the Honourable East India Company, and on 25th May he was appointed Local Lt. Gen. commanding the Turkish Contingent. The Contingent served in the Crimean War, 1855–56, including the occupation of Kertch. Sir Robert was awarded the G.C.B., the Army of India Medal with clasp for Ava, the Order of the Mejedie (1st Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. He died on 3rd May 1887. 101
Waldy, Capt. Alfred Henry, 46th Regiment
Born, 28th Jan. 1827; Ens., 14th Dec. 1849; Lt., 1st Apr. 1853; Capt., 29th Dec. 1854; Instructor of Musketry, 15th Depot Battalion, 25th Nov. 1861; retired from the service by the sale of his commission, 15th Nov. 1864. Landed in the Crimea on 8th Nov. 1854, served at the siege and fall of Sebastopol. Capt. Waldy was awarded the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 25f, 27
Warre, Gen. Sir Henry James, K.C.B., 57th Regiment
Ens., 3rd Feb. 1837; Lt., 1st Jun. 1841; Capt., 8th Jan. 1847; Maj., 7th Nov. 1854; Lt. Col., 9th Mar. 1855; Col., 9th Mar. 1858; Maj. Gen., 6th Mar. 1868; Lt. Gen., 1st Oct. 1877; Col., 90th Regiment, 9th Oct. 1880; General, 26th Dec. 1880. Served at the siege of Sebastopol from Mar. 1855, commanding the 57th Regiment after the death of Col. Shadforth, including the assaults of 18th Jun. and 8th Sep. and the expedition to Kinburn; commanded the 57th in the Indian Mutiny; also in the Maori Wars of 1861-66 (Mentioned in Despatches; pension for distinguished conduct). General Warre was a noted artist, and his sketches of the Crimea were published shortly after the end of the war. He received the K.C.B., the Crimea medal with one clasp, the New Zealand Medal, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 113
Webb, Capt. Augustus Frederick Cavendish, 17th Lancers. 10
Westmorland, Earl of, C.B. [Lord Burghersh in the Letters]
Francis William Henry Fane, 12th Earl of Westmorland, was born 19th Nov. 1825, the third son of the 11th Earl. He became Lord Burghersh on the deaths of his elder brothers. Ens., 24th Feb. 1843; Lt., 26th Jul. 1844; Capt., 1st Aug. 1848; Bt. Maj., 7th Jun. 1849; Maj., 22nd Apr. 1853; Brevet Lt. Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Capt. & Lt. Col., 12th Dec. 1854; Col., 11th Jan. 1860. Lord Burghersh served in the Punjab Campaign of 1848–9 and as ADC to Lord Raglan, both during the latter’s time as Master-General of the Ordnance and in the Crimea, conveying the despatches after the battle of the Alma to England. He returned to the Crimea before the fall of Sebastopol and was awarded the C.B., the Punjab Medal with clasp for Goojerat, the Crimea medal with clasps for Alma and Sebastopol, the Legion of Honour (5th Class), the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish medal. He succeeded to the title of Earl of Westmorland on the death of his father in 1857, and died in 1891. 36
Wetherall, Col. Sir Edward Robert, C.B., K.C.S.I.
Ens., 27th Jun. 1834; Lt., 22nd Aug. 1837; Capt., 19th Dec. 1845; Maj., 12th Dec. 1854; Lt. Col., 17th Jul. 1855; Col., 11th Dec. 1855. Served in Canada during the disturbances of 1837-39, and in the Crimea, as Assistant Quarter Master General, including the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and the siege and fall of Sebastopol; served at Kertch as Deputy Quarter Master General of the Turkish Contingent, was subsequently Director-General of the Land Transport Corps in the Crimea; Deputy Quarter Master General to the Forces in China in 1857; Chief of Staff to the Central India Field Force during the Mutiny (Mentioned in Despatches, horse shot under him); commander of the South Oudh Field Force, 1858. He was awarded the C.B., the K.C.S.I., the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Indian Mutiny Medal with one clasp, the Legion of Honour (5th Class), the Order of the Mejedie (3rd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. 32, 91, 100, 101, 105
Whyte-Melville, Maj. George John
Born 1821; Ens., 93rd Regiment, 19th Jul. 1839; Ens. & Lt., Coldstream Guards, 11th Sep. 1840; Lt. & Cap.t, 29th Dec. 1846; retired from the Army in 1849, but joined the Turkish Contingent in 1855. Well known as the author of such popular songs as Drink Puppy Drink and The Tarpaulin Jacket and of a number of novels. He died in 1878. 26
Wilbraham, Col. R., C.B. 86
Windham, Lt. Gen. Sir Charles Ash, K.C.B.
Ens. & Lt., 30th Dec. 1826; Lt. & Capt., 31st May, 1833; Bt. Maj., 9th Nov. 1846; Capt. & Lt. Col., 29th Dec. 1846; Col., 20th Jun. 1854; Maj. Gen., 8th Sep. 1855; Col., 46th Regiment, 17th Jun. 1861; Lt. Gen., 5th Feb. 1863. Served in the Canadian Rebellion from 1838–42; in the Crimea as Assistant Quarter Master General to the 4th Division, subsequently as Brig. Gen. commanding the 2nd Brigade, Second Division, as Maj. Gen. commanding Fourth Division, and latterly as Chief of the Staff of the Army. He was present at the battles of Alma, Balaklava and Inkermann, and at the siege and fall of Sebastopol, distinguishing himself on 8th Sep. 1855 in command of the storming party of the Second Division. He served in the Indian Mutiny of 1857–8 as a Divisional commander, but with limited success. He was awarded the K.C.B., the Crimea Medal with four clasps, the Indian Mutiny Medal, the Legion of Honour (3rd Class), the Military Order of Savoy (Commander, 1st Class), the Order of the Mejedie (2nd Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. He died on the 3rd Feb. 1870. 1f, 2, 10f, 20, 23f, 36, 47, 57, 68, 78, 84, 85, 86, 89, 91, 94, 97, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 111, 113, 115, 125, 128, 129f, 133
Wolseley, Rt. Hon. Field Marshal Viscount, P.C., K.P., G.C.B., G.C.M.G., O.M., D.C.L., LL.D.
Garnet Joseph Wolseley, First Viscount Wolseley and First Baron Wolseley of Cairo and Wolseley, born 4th Jun. 1833; Ens., 80th Regiment, 12th Mar. 1852; Lt., 90th Regiment, 16th May, 1853; Capt., 26th Jan. 1855; Maj., 24th Mar. 1858; Lt. Col., 26th Apr. 1859; Col., 5th Jun. 1865; Maj. Gen., 6th Mar. 1868; Lt. Gen., 25th Mar. 1878; General, 18th Nov. 1882; Field Marshal, 26th May, 1894; Colonel in Chief, Royal Irish Regiment, 20th Jul. 1898. He saw service all over the globe, from Burma in 1852 to the Sudan in 1885, and was Commander in Chief of the British Army from 1895–1900 – he is remembered as much for his reforms of the British Army as for his many successful battles. He died in 1913. 75
Wombwell, Lt. Gen. Arthur
Born 17th May, 1822; Ens., 46th Regiment, 5th Apr. 1839; Lt., 29th Oct. 1841; Capt., 8th May, 1846; Bt. Maj., 2nd Nov. 1855; Maj., 24th Feb. 1857; Lt. Col., 22nd Jun. 1864; Col., 1st Aug. 1870; Maj. Gen., 1st Oct. 1881; Lt. Gen., 1st Oct. 1881. He landed in the Crimea with the main body of the regiment, on 8th Nov. 1854, and served at the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was awarded the Crimea Medal with clasp for Sebastopol, the Order of the Mejedie (5th Class) and the Turkish Crimea Medal. He was Fred Dallas’s closest friend and ‘constant pardner’ in the Crimea. 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 23, 24, 26, 30, 32, 33, 38, 40, 41, 49, 53, 54, 57, 61, 65, 69f, 73, 81, 82, 92, 97
Wood, Lt. Col. David Edward, C.B., R.A. 97
Worontzoff [Woronzoff also used], Field Marshal Prince Mikhail Semyonovich
Born in England, the son of the Russian Ambassador, on 30th May, 1782; commissioned, 1801 and served in the Napoleonic Wars, becoming Lt. Gen. in 1813, and being appointed commander of the Russian Army of Occupation, 1815–18. From 1823 to 1853, Prince Worontzoff was Governor-General of ‘New Russia’ (now southern Ukraine), and ruled the region with remarkable liberalism, discouraging serfdom, and encouraging immigration. He died on 18th Nov. 1856. 57, 121f
Wrede, General, Russian Army – see Read
Wynne, Maj. Heneage, 68th Regiment. 12, 13
Yea, Col. Lacy Walter, 7th Regiment
Ens., 6 Oct. 1825; Lt., 19 Dec. 1826; Capt., 30 Dec. 1836; Maj., 3 Jun. 1842; Lt. Col., 9 Aug. 1850; Col., 20 Jun. 1854. Commanded the 7th Regiment in the Crimea, including the battles of Alma and Inkermann, and siege of Sebastopol. Killed in the assault on the Redan, 18th Jun. 1855. 29, 58, 59, 66