1. Good general discussions of this problem are: W. D. Ross, The Problem of Socrates’, Proceedings of the Classical Association, 30 (1933), pp. 7–24, Guthrie, III, pp. 349–55, and Lacey, ‘Our Knowledge of Socrates’, in Vlastos, Socrates (1971).

2. See e.g. Memorabilia init.

3. See for instance Memorabilia 1.4 and IV. 3, and pp. 25 ff. below, for his teleology.