1. Both, therefore, oppose the moral relativism described at the end of Section 5.

2. Apology 23b, 28b–d, 30c–d, 31b, 4ld; cf. Xenophon, Memorabilia II. 1. For a discussion of the difficulties entailed by this position, see Vlastos (1984). Note also the intriguing question posed by Bernard Williams in M. I. Finley (ed.), The Legacy of Greece (Oxford 1981), p. 249: ‘Why, if bodily hurt is not real harm, is bodily hurt what virtue so strongly requires one not to inflict on others?’ Cf. Brickhouse and Smith (1987) and Vlastos (1991), 200–232.