1. Agathocles was a sophist (see p. 94 n. 1) of whom nothing is known. Damon was a major early Greek writer on musical theory: he was known for an interest in the moral and social effects of musical modes (see 188d and p. 96 n. 3).

2. The Greek has ‘By Hera!’, the wife of Zeus and goddess of marriage and birth.

3. äλλωç omitted (Badham).

4. In 424 the Boeotians decisively beat the Athenians at Delium, thus ending an ambitious attempt to overthrow the Boeotian government. The story is told by Thucydides IV. 91–6.

5. It is impossible in English to render the extended pun in this passage on the different senses of the Greek orthos, ‘upright’ or ‘straight’ (‘head held high’), and its related verba meaning ‘raise up’, ‘restore’ or ‘be a credit to’.