Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
aesthetic theory, big-data mining influencing, 62
algorithms, 114, 137n1; consumerism and, 57–58, 138n8; control and surveillance from, 53–54; cultural history representation of, 50–51; cybernetics and, 56; for digital humanities, 80; Flu Trend inaccurate due to, 77–78; historical analogy on, 56–57; information management from, 53; knowledge from, 55; moral human activity freed by, 57; personalization of, 52; rationality reduced by, 57; responsibility needed for, 58; science influenced by, 77; society affected by, 51, 56; standardization of, 58; technocratic rationality of, xv, 56; unwanted consequences of, 51–52, 55
algorithmic regulation, xv, 56; for electronic card, 27–28; of Internet, 123
Alteration of a Suburban House (Graham), 18
American technologies, German culture and, 11–12
Association of Activists of Data Protection (AADP), 31–32
behavioral patterns, 10–11
Big Data (Mayer-Schönberger and Cukier), 27, 44, 127
big-data analysts, profile puzzle for, 10
big-data business: mood management and, 37–38; society development and, 126–27
big-data mining, 37; absence of theory and, 61–62; aesthetic theory and historiography influenced by, 62; boycott and, 104; consumerism and, 48; correlations influenced by, 60, 62–64; empowerment through, 62; encryption and, 104; evasion of, 104; fear of, xv; by Google, 99–100; Gross National Happiness Index and, 68; indifference on, 47–48; as logical consequence, xvii; power created by, 75; problems solved by, 117; sublime of, 62–63
business world, data protection in, 19–20
Chamisso, Adelbert von, 69, 70, 102
Close to the Machine: Technophilia and Its Discontents (Ullman), 30
communication: linguistic to visual transition of, 108–9, 148n6; as manipulation, 74; measurement-friendly forms of, 69; by Snapchat, 107–8
communicative capital: commodified, 36; integration of, 35–36
competition: created by Internet, 72–73; created by self-tracking, 73
computational subject, 87
consumer: classification and customization of, 48; data mining and preferences of, 25, 103; Google’s knowledge of, 99–100; market-driven customization for, 41; marketing consultants researching preferences of, 20; protection of, 125; rating system affecting behavior of, 122; self-improvement of, 114–15; transparency of, 19–20, 70
consumerism: algorithms and, 57–58, 138n8; big-data mining and, 48; information, 16, 25; Internet and, 115; surveillance and, 47–48
correlations: big-data mining influencing, 60, 62–64; as objective, 60; strong vs. weak, 60
Culture of Control (Garland), 30
cybernetics, 27; algorithms and, 56; data mining and, 32
data, 129n1; acquisition of, 70–71; ambivalent love of, xiii–xiv; analogue life among, 114–15; behavioral patterns decoded by, 10–11; books affected by, 41, 135n4; commercialization of, 18; cultural criticism of, 22, 133n8; discrete, 92; distortion of, 104; efficacy of, 59–60; erasing of, 23; harmless, 9; ideology dissolved by, 61; Internet accumulating, 17; interpretation of, 68; laws of democracy and, 9, 49; linked, 82; money made from, 68–69; online existences shadowed by, 69; processing of, 81; recombination of, 87; research based on, 60, 139n2; retention of, 8; security of, 8; self-censorship and identity management with, 44–45; selling of, 19; sharing of, 70–71; society of, 77; state efficiency from, 19; theorising from absence of, 61; traces of, 70
data analysis, xvii; price for, 75; therapy, 105
data catastrophe, xiv; environmental catastrophe and, 21–23; ignorance and indifference resulting in, 22–23; prevention of, 20; psychosociological perspective of, 22
data collection: by apps, 117; government and, 126; indifference regarding, 146n6; intelligence agency logic and, 7; lack of responsibility for, 47; measurements and, 68; methodical defects in, 60; population ignorance and, 117, 148n6
data love, 92; double-edged potentiality of, xiv; as emotional reaction, 63; as euphemism, xii–xiii; Internet activists embracing, xiii; phenomenon of, xiii; principles of, xiii; privacy and, 37–38; self-tracking and, 13–15
data mining, xiii; adventure of, 37–38; consumer preference and, 25, 103; cybernetic communication and, 32; data intermediaries and, 37; education on, 102; government and, 27; information trading and, 38; profiting from, 38; relationships from, 102–3; responsibility needed for, 58; Snapchat and, 108–9; social reading and, 40–41, 135n3; society’s future and, 36; Summly app for, 40. See also big-data mining
data protection: in business world, 19–20; cold civil war and, 31; compromised, 100; German government and, 123–25; governments and, 19; international terrorism and, 5; population ignorance of, 9; self-attempt at, 8–9; software developers sensitized by, 25
Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace (Barlow), 11
Dialectic of Enlightenment (Horkheimer and Adorno), 28
digital humanities, 60–61; algorithms for, 80; culture of reasoning and, 84; distant and close reading for, 85; hypertext and, 85–86; nanopublication and, 83; quantity vs. quality in, 81–82; subjectiveness of, 81; telling to tallying text influencing, 85
digital media, 98; binary operational mode of, 69; education needed for, 121; growth of, 125–26; information control and, 53; in primary schools, 123–24
digital revolution, German government and, 124
distant reading, 7, 81, 85
Dürrenmatt, Friedrich, 55, 102
electronic card, algorithmic regulation for, 27–28
environmental catastrophe, 21–23
epistemological revolution, 60, 82
EU Data Protection Reform, 126–27
Filter Bubble, The: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think (Pariser), 52
Flu Trend (Google), 77–78
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 21, 119
Free Rainer—Dein Fernseher Lügt (Weingartner), 103–4
Fukuyama, Francis, 48, 114
German culture, American technologies and, 11–12
German Democratic Republic, 5–6, 7
German Federal Intelligence Service, NSA scandal and, 5
German government: data protection and, 123–25; digital revolution and, 124; technology neutrality of, 125
German Ministry of the Internet (MOTI), 31
Google, 27; big-data mining by, 99–100; categorization improvements by, 16; consumer knowledge from, 99–100; efficacy of, 99; power misuse by, 120; search results from, 52; security of, 115–16; self-presentation of, 99; Snapchat and, 106
government: data collection and, 126; data mining and, 27; data protection and, 19; new ministry of the Internet proposed by, 121; NSA scandal and, 8, 12; on power of Internet, 120
Gross National Happiness Index (Facebook), 68
historiography, big-data mining influencing, 62
How Algorithms Are Changing Knowledge, Work, Public Life, and Politics Without Making a Lot of Noise (Bunz), 46
human behavior, absence of theory and, 59
Human-Computer Interaction Lab, 105
Human Face of Big Data, The, 44
Humboldtian educational ideal, 87
Hypertext: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology (Landow), 86
if-then directives, xv, 50, 59
I Like What I See (app), 104
Imperative of Responsibility, The: In Search of an Ethics for the Technological Age (Jonas), 21
individual freedom, collective knowledge and, 55
influence index, in social network, 36
information, 129n1; algorithms for management of, 53; consumerism, 16, 25; data mining and trading, 38; digital media for control of, 53; Facebook’s archiving of, 106; filters needed for, 111; at fingertips, xii; freedom of, 118; liberation from, 90; love for, xi; overload of, 40; self-tracking for, 14
instrumental rationality, 28
intelligence agency: data collection and, 7; data erasing and, 23; effectiveness of, 6; Internet collaboration by, 18–19; logic of, 3–7; market consultants compared to, 19–20; security and, 6–7; snooping of, 25
intelligent trash container, 18
international terrorism, data protection and, 5
Internet: algorithmic regulation of, 123; competition created from, 72–73; consumerism predominating, 115; data accumulation from, 17; disillusion of, 118; filter bubble used with, 52–53; freedom of, 26–27; government on power of, 120; intelligence agencies collaborating with, 18–19; as lifestyle disease, 11; memory of, 47, 105, 109; monitoring of, 97–98; national laws attempting to bind, 8; as neocolonialism, 11; networking and, 26; neutrality, 25–26; ownership of, 24–25; policy needed for, 119–20; self-censorship and identity management with, 44–45; silent revolution driven by, 44; society influenced by, 116; two-class problem of, 26; utopian and heterotopian promise of, 42, 118, 136n6
knowledge, 129n1, 145n12; acquisition of, 87; from algorithms, 55; democratization of, 82; dissection of, 92; of Google’s consumers, 99–100; hyperreading changing approach to, 92; increase and undermining of, 76; individual freedom and collective, 55; juggling of, 87–88, 93; Lessing on, 89; nanopublication and, 83; as numerical, 77; process-oriented to result-oriented approach to, 89; stabilization of, 90–91; Weinberger on, 91–92
laws of democracy, data and, 9, 49
Liquid Surveillance: A Conversation (Bauman), 29
Lyotard, Jean-François, 62–64
market-driven customization, 41
marketing consultants: customer preference researched by, 20; intelligence agencies compared to, 19–20
McLuhan, Marshall, 15, 30
measurement: advanced methods of, 105; communication forms and, 69; data collection and, 68; quantification from, 70; rationality and, 67
Modernity and the Holocaust (Bauman), 28
mood management, big-data business and, 37–38
moral mercilessness, 28–29
moral responsibility, technological developments outsourcing of, 29
Morozov, Evgeny, 13, 15, 18–19, 45, 115, 119; information consumerism and, 25; legislation demanded by, 20; on surveillance, 21
nanopublication, 82, 143n4; digital humanities and, 83; knowledge and, 83; of navigation, 90
Nathan the Wise (Lessing), 89
National Security Agency of the United States (NSA) scandal, xiv; citizen movement from, 6; country’s reaction to, 4; German Federal Intelligence Service and, 5; government and political helplessness during, 8, 12; international dimensions of, 11–12; intranational tension from, 11–12; lack of protest in, 31; Obama and, 4–5; population ignorance and, 9; surveillance practices and, 3
Negative Dialectics (Adorno), 84
neocolonialism, Internet as, 11
networking computers, 26, 51
Next. Erinnerungen an eine Zukunft ohne uns (Meckel), 46
Nova Atlantis (Bacon), 43, 102
numerical-mathematical rationality, 74
online existences, data shadowing, 69
Panopticon (Bentham), 102
personal data: exploitation of, xiv–xv; extrospective and introspective variety of, 20
Peter Schlemihl (Chamisso), 69, 70, 102
Philosophical and Theological Writings (Lessing), 88
Physicians, The (Dürrenmatt), 55, 102
population ignorance: appeasement of, 9; regarding data collection, 117, 148n6; regarding data protection and surveillance, 9
postmodern theory, hypertext and, 86
Post-Privacy (Heller), 5–6
“Postscript on the Societies of Control” (Deleuze), 27
privacy: context of, xvi–xvii; data love and, 37–38; data mining and, xiii; education on, 110; future of, 115; Google and, xvi; as inalienable right, xv; protection of, 21; Snapchat and, 107; surveillance and, 5
rationality, 57, 67; instrumental, 28; numerical-mathematical, 74; technocratic, xv, 56
“Raw Data” Is an Oxymoron (Gitelman), 60
Rejoinder, A (Lessing), 88, 102
Resource Description Framework (RDF), 82
Schirrmacher, Frank, 21, 119
science: algorithmic data influencing, 77; society’s relationship with, 15; statistical evaluation for, 78–79
Secret Intelligence Service, 23
security: of data, 8; of Google, 115–16; intelligence agency logic and, 6–7; as superfundamental right, 6
self-tracking, 82; altruistic aspect of, 14–15, 131n8; competition among, 73; culture of, 13–14; data love and, 13–15; information available for, 14; as intelligent trash container, 18; obsession of, 15; science and society relationship changed by, 15; self-awareness of, 14
Shallows, The: How the Internet Is Changing the Way We Think, Read, and Remember (Carr), 92
silent revolution: doom from, 47; explosiveness of, 46; halting of, 48–49; Internet driving, 44
Silent Revolution, The (Bunz), 46
Silent Revolution, The: Or, the Future Effects of Steam and Electricity Upon the Condition of Mankind (Garvey), 46
smart things: atrophy caused by, 16; human liberation provided by, 15; privacy breach and, 16
Snapchat, 105; communication by, 107–8; data mining and, 108–9; financial strength of, 106–7; Google and, 106; privacy and, 107
social engineer: age and values of, 42; problem solving of, 39; software programmers as, 42–43; standardization of, 57–58
social network, influence index in, 36
social science, computational, 54–55
society: algorithms affecting, 51, 56; big-data business developed of, 126–27; contradictory nature of, 30; of data, 77; data mining and future of, 36; digitization of, 28; improvement of, 114–15; Internet influencing, 116; misdoings treated by, 111; ranking differentiations created by, 35–36; science relationship with, 15; technology and, 115
statistics, 72; analytical criteria influencing, 78; attractiveness of, 70; control increased by, 75; culture fostered by, 76; democracy and, 74–75; distortion among, 77–78; identity created by, 73; scientific quality evaluation from, 78–79
sublime: absence of theory influencing, 63; of big-data mining, 62–63; disaster of, 63
surveillance: algorithms for, 53–54; Coca-Cola’s commercial regarding, 100–101, 146n6; consumerism and, 47–48; discourse of, 97–98; lack of responsibility regarding, 47; Morozov on, 21; NSA scandal from practices of, 3; population ignorance regarding, 9; privacy and, 5; problem of, 16; research, 98; technology influencing, 7
Taking Care of Youth and the Generations (Stiegler), 92
technocratic rationality, xv, 56
technological determinism, 48
technology: corruption and irregularities policed from, 45; denial for, 104–5; discontentment for development of, 112; education on, 102, 110; efficiency from, 29–30; employee tracking and, 30, 73, 134n8, 141n3; ever present, 113; German culture and, 11–12; of hypertext, 86; neutrality of, 45, 125; possibilities offered by, 29–30; power produced by, 45; society and, 115; success of, 29, 42; surveillance influenced by, 7
theory, absence of: big-data mining and, 61–62; correlations with, 60; human behavior and, 59; humanities digitized and, 60–61; sublime influenced by, 63
transparency, xiv; absoluteness of, 13–14; advocacy for, 9; of consumers, 19–20, 70; culture of, 121; democracy and, 76; Enlightenment and, 111; intelligence agency logic and, 7; social implementation of, 23; social reading and, 41
Truman Show, The (Weir), 18
truth, disputes from, 88–89
2001: A Space Odyssey (Kubrick), 46
“Visible Man, The: Ethics in a World Without Secrets” (Singer), 5
Zuckerberg, Mark, 45, 106