Chapter 2
IN THIS CHAPTER
Discovering successful selling strategies
Selling in other areas of eBay
Following the rules
Ecommerce has made a turnaround. Auctions are in a rut. And as the brick-and-mortar businesses opened online web stores, shoppers looked for more traditional transactions. Customers wanted to just “buy” products.
In the last three months of 2016, only 13 percent of gross merchandise sales come from auctions. This is not to say that auctions are not popular; many high-dollar profits are made from auctioning unique, rare, and high-demand items. Understanding how eBay sales work is important to anyone who wants to sell on the site.
You can buy the “inside secrets” of eBay from lots of places; ebooks and webinars abound these days. Some of these authors and instructors try to convince you that only they have the surreptitious bits of knowledge — gleaned from years (months?) of experience on the site — that reveal what’s really going on.
Sure, you hear mysterious rumors of the way to sure-fire profits (cue up The X-Files theme in the background). Start an auction at a certain day and time, run a fixed-price listing a certain amount of days, and you’ll automatically make more money? Puh-leez! The only one who rakes in profits with that information is the guy who’s selling it to you! In addition to reflecting market deviations, eBay changes its search metrics continually — so there is no hard-and-fast answer for securing high profits.
I’ve interviewed many eBay high-volume sellers (PowerSellers) including the most elite, those who have attained Top Seller status. Almost all agree that eBay theories are bunk; you’ve got to watch the site and follow its change announcements. However, the sellers do have some practical preferences for when and how they conduct their eBay business. This chapter gets to the gist of these preferences — and the corresponding best practices.
The basic plan for running an auction is the same for everyone, except for decisions regarding the timing of the auction and the starting price. If you speak to 20 eBay sellers, you’ll probably get 20 different answers about effective starting bids and when to end your auction. The big answer is “it depends” — it depends on your category, your seller status, how you describe your item, and even your photos. Until you develop your own philosophy based on a success ratio, I’d like to give you the tools to make a sound decision. What works for one seller may not work as well (or at all) for another.
You can also successfully promote your eBay sales online and offline, and you can legally offer your item to the next highest bidder if an auction winner doesn’t come through with payment — or even if you have more than one of the item in stock. I discuss a few of these practices in this section.
The most generally accepted theory about starting bids is that setting the bidding too high scares away new bids. But again, the variable is based on how much the item is worth or even how much it costs.
To determine the current going value for your item, I recommend searching for the item through the sold listings, which I explain in Book 2, Chapter 1. If you know that the item is selling on eBay for a certain price and that there is a demand for it, starting the bidding at a reasonably low level can be a great way to increase bidding and attract prospective bidders to view your auction.
When sellers know that they have an item that will sell, they often begin their bidding as low as 99 cents. Because of the eBay proxy bidding system (which maintains your highest bid as a secret, increasing it incrementally when you’re bid against), it takes more bids (due to the smaller bidding increments) to bring the item up to the final selling price.
The downside is that new bidders who aren’t familiar with the system may bid only the minimum required increment each time they bid. This can be frustrating, and they may quit bidding because it might take them several bids to top the current bid placed by someone who is familiar with the proxy bid system. eBay offers up a tip when the bidder places a bid that doesn’t meet the current bid in the system, as shown in Figure 2-1.
Very few of us remember the proxy increments by heart, so as a refresher, I give you the goods in Table 2-1.
TABLE 2-1 Auction Proxy Bidding Increments
Current High Bid ($) |
Bid Increment ($) |
0.01–0.99 |
0.05 |
1.00–4.99 |
0.25 |
5.00–24.99 |
0.50 |
25.00–99.99 |
1.00 |
100.00–249.99 |
2.50 |
250.00–499.99 |
5.00 |
500.00–999.99 |
10.00 |
1,000.00–2,499.99 |
25.00 |
2,500.00–4,999.99 |
50.00 |
5,000.00 and up |
100.00 |
Another debatable philosophy is auction timing. People are always asking me how long to run auctions and what’s the best day to end an auction. You have to evaluate your item and decide which of the following is the best plan:
One-day auction: Did you just get in a load of an item that sells as fast as you post it on the site? A Buy It Now feature on any auction can bring great results, but that will work only if the item is super-hot!
If people are aggressively bidding up an item — and they really gotta have it — you may do best by starting the bidding low and listing the item with a one-day format.
The best way to use a one-day listing is if your item is time-sensitive, for example, event tickets, airline tickets, vacation packages, or tee times. A one-day listing gives you the immediacy — and the time to ship a physical ticket — if necessary.
Short-term auctions (1-to-3-day) incur an additional “Special Duration” $1 fee.
When you list in a one-day format, your listing goes right to the top of the Time: Ending Soonest sort. Many savvy shoppers view their searches by Listings Ending First (rather than the eBay default of Best Match). With a one-day format, you can pretty much choose the time of day your item will be at the top.
This format can also be successful if you have an item that’s the current hot ticket in pop culture. I used this format when I sold some Friends TV-show memorabilia a while back. The 24-hour auction opened at midday before the final episode of the show — and ended the next day — at a healthy profit!
Buy It Now pricing must be at least 30 percent over your listing’s starting price.
Three-day auction: If the item’s price will shoot up right after you post it, a three-day auction works just fine. And it’s great for those last-minute holiday shoppers looking for hard-to-find items.
A three-day auction is good, for the same reasons that a one-day auction is good — only it’s better for the faint of heart and nervous Nellies (like me) because it gives your item more time on the site — more of a chance to sell.
With the Buy It Now feature, you can pretty much accomplish the same thing as you would with a short-term auction. When you list your item for sale, set a price at which you’re willing to sell the item immediately; this is your Buy It Now price.
Ten-day auction: Many veteran eBay sellers swear by the ten-day auction. The extra three days of exposure (it can encompass two weekends) can easily net you extra profits.
A ten-day auction is good for special collectibles or an expensive item that isn’t normally on the site. Putting up a ten-day auction (start Friday night so you get exposure over two weekends) is a near-perfect way to attract bidders.
The specific day you close your auction can also be important. eBay is full of weekend browsers, so including a weekend of browsing in your auction time is a definite plus. Often auctions that end late Sunday evening through Monday close with high bids.
You’ll need to do some research to determine the best times to run your auctions and for how long. The best person to figure out the closing information for your auctions is you. Use the tools and, over time, you’ll work out a pattern that works best for you.
Back when eBay counted its listings by the hundreds (and then low thousands), it clearly made a difference what day of the week you chose to end an auction. That is, when the number of buyers and sellers on eBay was relatively small, matching your auction time with the bidders’ online habits was important. Now that eBay spawns millions of listings a day — with countless buyers and lookie-loos visiting the site — you find the eBay shoppers looking for bargains at virtually all hours of the day and night. So for a traditional auction, you can choose almost any ending time and know that you’ll still have some healthy bidding action.
To figure out when to end an auction, you need to know when to start it. Figures 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4 are the top preferred timelines for running a sale on eBay.
You may notice that all these preferred datelines end on a Sunday. Sunday is the top-ranked ending day for auctions by eBay sellers.
I can’t list everyone’s opinions on the subject — that would probably confuse you anyway — so here are the item-ending days ranked in order from most to least popular:
The only way to figure out when to end your auction is by planning when to start it. An auction beginning at 12:00 will end at that same time on the ending day.
eBay time is military time in the Pacific time zone. Table 2-2 converts the eBay clock to real time for your time zone. Make a photocopy of this table and keep it by your computer. (Even after all these years, it still takes too much time to decipher eBay time without a printed chart.)
TABLE 2-2 eBay Time versus Continental U.S. Time
eBay Time |
Pacific |
Mountain |
Central |
Eastern |
0:00 |
12:00 a.m. |
1:00 a.m. |
2:00 a.m. |
3:00 a.m. |
1:00 |
1:00 a.m. |
2:00 a.m. |
3:00 a.m. |
4:00 a.m. |
2:00 |
2:00 a.m. |
3:00 a.m. |
4:00 a.m. |
5:00 a.m. |
3:00 |
3:00 a.m. |
4:00 a.m. |
5:00 a.m. |
6:00 a.m. |
4:00 |
4:00 a.m. |
5:00 a.m. |
6:00 a.m. |
7:00 a.m. |
5:00 |
5:00 a.m. |
6:00 a.m. |
7:00 a.m. |
8:00 a.m. |
6:00 |
6:00 a.m. |
7:00 a.m. |
8:00 a.m. |
9:00 a.m. |
7:00 |
7:00 a.m. |
8:00 a.m. |
9:00 a.m. |
10:00 a.m. |
8:00 |
8:00 a.m. |
9:00 a.m. |
10:00 a.m. |
11:00 a.m. |
9:00 |
9:00 a.m. |
10:00 a.m. |
11:00 a.m. |
12:00 p.m. |
10:00 |
10:00 a.m. |
11:00 a.m. |
12:00 p.m. |
1:00 p.m. |
11:00 |
11:00 a.m. |
12:00 p.m. |
1:00 p.m. |
2:00 p.m. |
12:00 |
12:00 p.m. |
1:00 p.m. |
2:00 p.m. |
3:00 p.m. |
13:00 |
1:00 p.m. |
2:00 p.m. |
3:00 p.m. |
4:00 p.m. |
14:00 |
2:00 p.m. |
3:00 p.m. |
4:00 p.m. |
5:00 p.m. |
15:00 |
3:00 p.m. |
4:00 p.m. |
5:00 p.m. |
6:00 p.m. |
16:00 |
4:00 p.m. |
5:00 p.m. |
6:00 p.m. |
7:00 p.m. |
17:00 |
5:00 p.m. |
6:00 p.m. |
7:00 p.m. |
8:00 p.m. |
18:00 |
6:00 p.m. |
7:00 p.m. |
8:00 p.m. |
9:00 p.m. |
19:00 |
7:00 p.m. |
8:00 p.m. |
9:00 p.m. |
10:00 p.m. |
20:00 |
8:00 p.m. |
9:00 p.m. |
10:00 p.m. |
11:00 p.m. |
21:00 |
9:00 p.m. |
10:00 p.m. |
11:00 p.m. |
12:00 a.m. |
22:00 |
10:00 p.m. |
11:00 p.m. |
12:00 a.m. |
1:00 a.m. |
23:00 |
11:00 p.m. |
12:00 a.m. |
1:00 a.m. |
2:00 a.m. |
If you ever need to check your time zone or want to know exactly what time it is in eBay-land, point your browser to
http://ofr.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?EbayTime
and you’ll see the map pictured in Figure 2-5.
Here’s the consensus of some experts in order of ending-time preference (in eBay time; check the table for a translation):
Here are the worst eBay times to end an auction:
This information should give you some good ideas for your own auction sales.
Because ecommerce has morphed and consumer preferences have changed, you need to consider a more balanced approach to your sales. Only after trial and error will you know how your specific products sell best — and what combination of listings will help you hit that sweet spot. In the recent era of ecommerce, folks like to come to a site to buy items outright at a given price as well as participate in auctions.
eBay Stores are a great way to offer fixed-price items, but even without a store, you can list fixed-price items on the regular eBay site. (Find out more about the costs of running an eBay Store in Book 8.)
Fixed-price listings have a slightly different pricing structure on the site. You are given a certain amount of insertion-fee-free listings on the site each month.
After you’ve used your initial free listings, any fixed-price listing — regardless of starting price or number of items for sale — costs up to 30 cents. This is for a 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 10-, or 30-day listing, or a Good Till Cancelled listing. Great news, eh?
Sounds great, huh? Well, there’s a catch. (You knew there’d be a catch, didn’t you?) You’ve got Final Value Fees to consider. Chapter 1 (in this minibook) charts them all; Book 8, Chapter 4 provides further insights.
There’s more to eBay than just the auction site. Don’t lose a selling opportunity by not checking into the other viable areas described in this section.
Anything and everything automotive can go in the eBay Motors category (see Figure 2-6), and it will sell like giant tires at a monster truck rally. Following are just a few of the car-related items that fit in this category.
Got used car parts? eBay has an enormous market in used car parts. One seller I know goes to police impound sales and buys wrecks — just to get some valuable parts that he can resell on eBay.
New car parts are in demand, too. If your local auto-parts store is blasting out door handles for a 1967 Corvette (a vehicle for which it’s hard to find parts), it wouldn’t hurt to pick up a few to resell on Motors. Sooner or later, someone’s bound to search eBay looking for them. If you’re lucky enough to catch the trend, you’ll make a healthy profit.
Yes, you can sell cars on eBay. In fact, used-car sales have skyrocketed online thanks to all the people who find eBay to be a trusted place to buy and sell used vehicles. The most expensive vehicle ever sold on eBay was a 1959 Ferrari 250 GT California; it sold for $3,260,100. Sold via the mobile app was a Mercedes SLR McLaren for $240,001. (I told you those odd amount bids can make a difference.)
Selling vehicles on eBay is a natural business for you if you have access to good used cars, work as a mechanic, or have a contact at a dealership that lets you sell cars on eBay for a commission or on a consignment basis. (For the ins and outs of consignment selling, check out Book 4, Chapter 3.)
To complete your sale, eBay Motors features Vehicle Purchase Protection that covers up to $50,000, vehicle history reports, vehicle inspection and escrow services, and one-click access to vehicle shipping quotes from uShip. Access eBay Motors and its services from the eBay home page or by going directly to www.ebay.com/motors
.
Different fees apply when you sell a vehicle on eBay Motors nationally. To encourage sellers to list and sell vehicles on the site, eBay has set up a tiered system of fees. The first six vehicles you list in a 12-month period are charged no insertion fees, but have a higher transaction fee when the sale is successful. The fees are based on the final selling price. Take a look at Tables 2-3 and 2-4 for significant differences.
TABLE 2-3 National Insertion Fees for Low-Volume Sellers
Category |
Insertion Fee |
Sale of up to $2,000 |
Sale over $2,000 |
Cars & Trucks, RVs & Campers, and Commercial Trucks |
Free |
$60 |
$125 |
Motorcycles, Powersports, Trailers, and Boats |
Free |
$60 |
$125 |
Powersports under 50cc |
Free |
$10 |
$10 |
All other vehicles |
Free |
$60 |
$125 |
TABLE 2-4 National Insertion Fees for High-Volume Sellers
Category |
Insertion Fee |
Sale of up to $5,000 |
Sale over $5,000 |
Cars & Trucks, RVs & Campers, and Commercial Trucks |
$50 |
Free |
Free |
Motorcycles, Powersports, Trailers, and Boats |
$20 |
$30 |
$60 |
Powersports under 50cc |
$10 |
$10 |
$10 |
All other vehicles |
$20 |
$30 |
$60 |
Although many people who have found the vehicle of their dreams on eBay are more than happy to take a one-way flight to the vehicle location and drive it home, shipping a vehicle is a reasonably priced alternative. On your listing, eBay can supply a link to give you a quick estimate of shipping fees to the buyer’s Zip code. Figure 2-7 shows the estimates I got to ship a car from Indianapolis, Indiana to Northridge, California.
Here are just a few things to keep in mind if you plan to sell cars on eBay:
An item that you’ve listed on eBay Motors will appear in any search, whether a potential buyer conducts a regular eBay search or a search in eBay Motors.
If your reserve isn’t met in an eBay Motors auction, you may still offer the vehicle to the high bidder through the Best Offer option. You may also reduce your reserve during the auction if you feel you’ve set your target price too high.
eBay Real Estate at www.ebay.com/realestate
isn’t always an auction. Because of the wide variety of laws governing the sale of real estate, eBay auctions of real property are not legally binding offers to buy and sell. However, putting your real estate on eBay (see Figure 2-8) is an excellent way to advertise and attract potential buyers. When the auction ends, neither party is obligated (as they are in other eBay auctions) to complete the real estate transaction. The buyer and seller must get together to consummate the deal.
Nonetheless, eBay real estate sales are popular and the sales are growing by leaps and bounds. You don’t have to be a professional real estate agent to use this category, although it may help when it comes to closing the deal. If you know land and your local real estate laws, eBay gives you the perfect venue for subdividing those 160 acres in Wyoming that Uncle Regis left you in his will.
For less than the cost of a newspaper ad, you can sell your home, condo, land, or even timeshare on eBay Real Estate in the auction format. You can also choose to list your property in an ad format, accepting not bids but inquiries from prospective buyers from around the world. On the Sell an Item form, you must specify special information about your piece of real estate.
In Tables 2-5 and 2-6, I provide a listing of fees that you can expect to encounter on eBay Real Estate. Note: When your listing sells in the Land, Manufactured Home, and Timeshares for Sale categories, you’re charged a Notice Fee of $35.00.
TABLE 2-5 Timeshare, Land, and Manufactured Homes
Type of Fee |
Fee Amount |
Auction/Fixed Price listing for 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, or 10-day listing |
$35.00 |
Auction/Fixed Price 30-day |
$50.00 |
Classified Ad 30 days |
$150.00 |
Classified Ad 90 days |
$300.00 |
Final value (Notice) fee |
$35.00 |
Reserve fee (refunded when property sells) |
$0.01 to $74.99: $3.00; $75.00 and up: 4% of reserve price (up to $100.00) |
TABLE 2-6 Residential, Commercial, and Other Real Estate
Type of Fee |
Fee Amount ($) |
Auction/Fixed Price listing for 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, or 10-day auction. |
$100.00 |
Auction/Fixed Price 30-day |
$150.00 |
Classified Ad 30 days |
$150.00 |
Classified Ad 90 days |
$300.00 |
Final Value (Notice) Fee |
0 |
There are a lot of shoulds in this world. You should do this and you should do that. I don’t know who is in charge of the shoulds, but certain things just make life work better. If you follow the advice on these pages, your eBay business will thrive with a minimum of anguish. If you’ve ever had a listing pulled by eBay, you know that anguish firsthand and don’t want to have it again.
In the real world, we have to take responsibility for our own actions. If we buy a flat-screen TV set (in the box) for $25 from some guy selling them out of the back of a truck, who do we have to blame when we take it home and the box is full of cardboard? You get what you pay for, and you have no consumer protection from a seller of possibly “hot” (or nonexistent) TVs. Responsible consumerism is every buyer’s job. Lawsuit upon lawsuit gets filed — and some are won — when buyers feel they’ve been ripped off, but my best advice is that if you stay clean in your online business, you’ll keep clean.
eBay is a community, and the community thrives on the five basic values listed here:
eBay is committed to these values, and it says so right on its website. eBay believes that community members should “honor these values — whether buying, selling, or chatting.” So should we all.
Although eBay is based in California and therefore must abide by California law, sellers do business all over the United States. Therefore, items sold at eBay must be governed by the laws of every other state as well. As a seller, you’re ultimately responsible for both the legality of the items you sell and the way that you transact business on eBay. Yes, you can sell thousands of different items on eBay. But do you know what you aren’t allowed to sell?
eBay’s policies can change from time to time. As an active seller, you should make sure that you’re notified of any changes. You’ll be notified when eBay makes changes to the User Agreement, through your eBay Message Center.
By now, you should have a firm grasp of the rules and regulations for listing items. But in addition to knowing the rules for listing items, you must consider the items themselves. In this section, I detail the three categories of items to be wary of: prohibited, questionable, and potentially infringing. Some are banned, period. Others fall in a gray area. You’re responsible for what you sell, so you’d better know what’s legal and what’s not.
If you’re found in violation of eBay’s listing restrictions, you may be penalized in a variety of ways, including
A prohibited item is banned from sale at eBay. You can’t sell a prohibited item under any circumstances. Take a look at the upcoming list. A little common sense tells you there’s good reason for not selling these items, including liability issues for the seller. (For example, what if you sold alcohol to a minor? That’s against the law!)
Restricted items involve more shades of gray. They may involve the sale of dangerous or sensitive items that may not be prohibited by law. eBay sets these limitations as a result of input by members of the eBay Community and others. eBay has a strong Offensive Material Policy which covers items of merchandise that “promote or glorify hatred, violence, racial or religious intolerance, or items that promote organizations with such views.” As you can imagine, this is a slippery slope for some sellers.
The following is just a partial list; the current complete list can be found at http://pages.ebay.com/help/policies/items-ov.html
*No alcoholic beverages can be sold on the eBay U.S. website, except for pre-approved sales of wine.
**Old or collectible stock certificates may be sold, provided that they’re canceled or are from a company that no longer exists.
***All sellers wanting to rent out their own lodging must first register with eBay Travel verification.
Check the following address for updates:
http://pages.ebay.com/help/sell/questions/prohibited-items.html
Determining whether you can sell a questionable item is tricky. Under certain circumstances, you may be able to list the item for sale at eBay. To fully understand when and if you can list a questionable item, visit the links that I highlight in Table 2-7.
TABLE 2-7 Partial List of Questionable Items and Where to Find the Rules Regulating Them
Can I Sell This? |
Go Here to Find Out* |
Alcohol |
|
Art |
|
Artifacts |
|
Autographed Items |
|
Batteries |
|
Contracts and tickets |
|
Electronics equipment |
|
Event tickets |
|
Food |
|
Freon and other refrigerants |
|
Hazardous materials |
|
Human parts and remains |
|
International trading — sellers |
|
Mature audiences |
|
Offensive material |
|
Pesticides |
|
Police-related items |
|
Presale listings |
|
Recalled Items |
|
Stamps |
|
Stocks and other securities |
|
Slot machines |
|
Used clothing |
|
Used medical devices |
|
Weapons and knives |
|
* All URLs begin with http://pages.ebay.com/help/policies
.
Potentially infringing items follow a slippery slope. If you list a potentially infringing item, you may infringe on existing copyrights, trademarks, registrations, or the like. Get the idea? These items are prohibited for your own protection.
Items falling under the “potentially infringing” category are generally copyrighted or trademarked items, such as software, promotional items, and games. Even using a brand name in your auction as part of a description (known as keyword spamming) may get you into trouble.
eBay itself does not sell merchandise. eBay is merely a venue that provides the location where others can put on a giant ecommerce party (in other words, sell stuff). To provide a safe and profitable venue for its sellers, eBay must govern auctions that take place on its site. eBay makes the rules; you and I follow the rules. I like to think of eBay as the place that lets you hold your senior prom in its gym. When I was in school, my classmates and I had to follow the rules or see our prom cancelled. If we don’t agree to follow eBay’s rules, a safe and trusted eBay community can’t exist.
eBay has some hard-and-fast rules about listing your items. One rule is that you must list your item in the appropriate category (that only makes sense). In this section, I highlight a few other rules that you should keep in mind when listing. What I discuss isn’t a definitive list of eBay listing policies and rules. Take time to familiarize yourself with the User Agreement (which details all eBay policies and rules) at the following address:
I recommend that you check the eBay User Agreement regularly for any policy changes.
Remember the old supply-and-demand theory from your economics class? When people list the same items repeatedly, they drive down the item’s going price while ruining all the other sellers’ opportunities to sell the item during that time frame.
eBay allows you to list as many identical auctions as you want, but only one without bids will show on eBay at a time. And you may not have more than one listing of a fixed-price item. Sellers who want to “game” the system in this way, by listing a huge number of the same item, need to think twice.
In many situations, being the first seller to put a popular item up for sale can get you some high bids. And if you can guarantee in your auction description that the item will be available to ship within 30 days of the purchase or the auction closing, you can sell items from a product sourcer or drop-shipper. However, if you’re not completely sure that you’ll have the item in time, I don’t recommend that you even attempt such a listing.
www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/selling-internet-prompt-delivery-rules
Because eBay sells to every state in the United States, it must follow explicit laws governing giveaways and prizes. Each state has its own set of rules and regulations, so eBay doesn’t allow individual sellers to come up with their own promotions.
If your auction violates this rule, eBay might end your listing.
Keyword spamming happens when you add words, usually brand names, to your auction description that don’t describe what you’re selling (for example, describing that little black dress as Givenchy-style when Givenchy has nothing to do with it). Keyword spamming manipulates the eBay search engine by including an unrelated item in the listing for a copyrighted or trademarked item, and then diverting bidders to an auction of other merchandise. Sellers use keyword spamming to pull viewers to their auctions after viewers have searched for the brand name. To attract attention to their listings, some sellers use not or like along with the brand name, such as like Givenchy.
Here are the problems with keyword spamming:
Keyword spamming can take many forms. Some merely mislead the prospective bidder; others are infringements on legal rights. A few of the most common are
Hidden text
This violation is often white text on a white background or hidden text in HTML code. The white text resides in the auction HTML, so it shows up in the search but is not visible to the naked eye. Sneaky, eh? And prohibited.
To get the latest on eBay’s keyword spamming policy, go to
http://pages.ebay.com/help/policies/search-manipulation.html
Few issues set sellers to arguing more than eBay’s rules on linking. In your auction item description, you can use the following links:
Here’s where you can get the official (ever changing) word from eBay: