The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use your e-book reader’s search tools.
Adolphus of Holstein, Duke, 83
Alençon, Francis, Duke of: appearance of, 167, 168, 173, 177, 180; death of, 200; Elizabeth’s early marriage negotiations with, 157, 167–72; Elizabeth’s emotional courtship with, 173–99, 202; Elizabeth’s garter incident and, 174, 191; Elizabeth’s nickname for, 181; Elizabeth’s poem about, 199; Elizabeth’s post-courtship relationship with, 199–200, 203; Elizabeth’s public announcement about marriage to, 195–98, 204; English resistance to, 181–85, 189, 191–92, 196, 197, 199, 217; and French mission to England, 191–93; French-Spanish relations and, 188–89, 193, 194; French succession and, 171, 178; Henry III relations with, 171; Huguenot connections of, 168, 178; picture of, 137; Simier as proxy for, 174–75; visits to England by, 169, 177–78, 180–82, 194–99
Angoulême, Charles, Duke of, 11–12, 13
Anjou, Duke of. See Henry III (King of France)
Anne of Cleves, 8, 20, 87
Armada, Spanish, 202, 208, 209, 210
Arran, Earl of, 98
Arundel, Henry Fitzalan, Earl of, 47, 52, 67–68, 69–70, 75, 133
Ascham, Roger, 10, 39, 58
Ashley, Katherine, 21, 22–23, 24, 28, 31–33, 34, 38, 39, 58, 94, 96–97, 179
Bayonne: Queens of Spain and France meeting in, 149–50, 151
Bedford, Earl of, 69, 90–91
Blois, Treaty of, 168
Boleyn, Anne: as the “Concubine,” 2, 5, 13; Elizabeth compared with, 51, 52; Elizabeth’s memories of, 8, 9, 14, 38–39; execution of, 3–4, 5–6, 8, 9, 14, 17, 34–35, 38–39; grave of, 215; Henry VIII break with Catholicism and, 13; Henry VIII relationship with, 5, 11, 13, 17, 54; Henry’s children and, 3, 5–6; Henry’s relationship with, 2–3, 155; nullification of Henry’s marriage to, 13; personality of, 3; pregnancies of, 2, 3; Wyatt and, 2, 3
Bothwell, Lord, 155
Breuner, Caspar (Baron von Rabenstein), 85, 86, 87–88, 89, 96
Burghley, Lord. See Cecil, William
Canterbury, Archbishop of, 183
Carlos, Don (son of Philip of Spain), 55, 58, 78, 120
Catherine of Aragon, 4, 7, 13, 47, 54
Catholicism/Catholic Church: Adolphus of Holstein as suitor and, 83; Alençon as suitor and, 177, 178, 181–84, 187, 189; Angoulême-Elizabeth relationship and, 12; Anjou-Charles IX relationship and, 166; Anjou as figurehead for, 158, 166; Anjou as suitor to Elizabeth and, 158, 160, 163, 164, 165, 166; Archduke Charles as suitor and, 120, 146, 153–54; Archduke Ferdinand as suitor and, 86; Bayonne meeting between Queens of Spain and France and, 149–50; Darnley-Mary Stuart and, 124; Dudley-Elizabeth relationship and, 105, 107; Dudley-Mary Stuart negotiations and, 119; Elizabeth’s denial of, 77; Henry VIII and, 12–13; Mary Stuart and, 127, 156, 217; of Mary Tudor, 9, 15–16, 40, 45, 47, 61, 145, 167; Mary Tudor-Elizabeth relationship and, 45; Philip II as suitor and, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77–78; Philip of Spain-Elizabeth of France marriage and, 78; plots against Elizabeth and, 156; St. Bartholomew’s Eve massacre and, 170; succession to throne and, 13, 15–16; as threat to Elizabeth, 149–50; unpopularity among English of, 61, 65, 167, 170, 217; views about Elizabeth in, 76
Cavalcanti, Guido, 163–64
Cecil, Robert (son of Burghley), 215
Cecil, William (Lord Burghley): Alençon as suitor and, 167, 168, 175–76, 186, 190; Anjou as suitor and, 163; Archduke Charles as suitor and, 129, 130–31, 151, 152, 154–55; comparison of Dudley and Archduke Charles by, 130, 139; and Darnley-Mary Stuart marriage, 155; Dudley-Elizabeth relationship and, 100–101, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108, 111, 129–31, 209; and Elizabeth as childbearer, 142, 186; Habsburg archdukes as suitors and, 86; Spanish-French relations and, 79, 80; as supportive of marriage for Elizabeth, 86, 88–89, 216, 217; sworn in as Secretary of State, 94
Chapuys, Eustace (French ambassador), 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 17
Charles, Archduke of Austria: appearance of, 90–91, 139–40; Bavarian marriage of, 157; Dudley compared with, 130, 139; French concerns about, 147; picture of, 134; religion and, 120, 146, 153–54; as suitor to Elizabeth, 80, 83, 85, 86, 87, 90–91, 120, 121, 127–30, 139–43, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152, 153–54, 156, 157, 216
Charles IX (King of France): Anjou’s relationship with, 165–66; appearance of, 148–49; death of, 171; as Elizabeth’s suitor, 147, 148–49, 150–51, 152–53, 157; Habsburg marriage of, 157; picture of, 136; Spain and, 166; St. Bartholomew’s Eve massacre and, 169, 170
Charles V (King of Spain), 10, 12, 13, 72
Courtenay, Edward (Earl of Devonshire), 43–45, 46, 49–51, 52, 53, 58, 69, 132
Cromwell, Thomas, 6, 12
Culpeper, Thomas, 9
Dannett, Thomas, 139–40
Darnley, Lord, 12, 123–24, 127, 155
de Foix, Paul, 149, 150
de’ Medici, Catherine: Alençon-Elizabeth marriage negotiations and, 167–68, 170, 171, 194; Alençon’s death and, 200; Anjou-Elizabeth marriage negotiations and, 157–58, 161–62, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167–68; Bayonne meeting with Queen of Spain and, 149–50; Charles IX-Elizabeth negotiations and, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152; Philip II-Elisabeth of France marriage and, 78; picture of, 136; Spain and, 78, 166, 188; St. Bartholomew’s Eve massacre and, 169
Devereux, Robert. See Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of
Devonshire, Earl of. See Courtenay, Edward
Discourse on the Succession (Hales), 121
Drake, Sir Francis, 174, 191, 211
Dudley, Amy. See Robsart, Amy
Dudley, Guildford, 41, 42, 53
Dudley, John. See Northumberland, Duke of
Dudley, Robert (Earl of Leicester): Alençon as suitor and, 175, 176, 178–79, 181, 188, 191, 192, 195, 196, 197, 202; ambitions of, 99, 103–4, 106; Anjou as suitor and, 158, 160, 161, 163–64; appearance of, 94, 97; Archduke Charles compared with, 139; Archduke Charles as suitor and, 139, 152, 154; death of, 113, 208–9, 210; Edward VI and, 41, 93; and Elizabeth as virgin, 197; Elizabeth’s nickname for, 204; Elizabeth’s relationship with, 14, 53–54, 92–113, 115–16, 119, 121, 123, 126–31, 139, 140, 143, 144, 151–52, 154–55, 158, 159, 178–80, 185, 188, 202, 203–4, 207–9, 216; family background of, 41; gifts/honors for, 94, 95, 97, 103, 115–16, 121, 122, 123; influence on Elizabeth of, 99, 103, 110, 112, 116, 154–55; Lettice Knollys courtship/marriage to, 111, 176, 179, 180, 203; Mary Stuart and, 102, 118–20, 121, 122–23, 126–27, 129; Mary Tudor’s reign and, 93–94; as Master of the Horse, 94, 210; Norfolk and, 99, 100, 109; picture of, 135; popularity of, 215; preference for French as suitors of Elizabeth and, 151–52; as protector of the realm, 115–16; reputation of, 41, 99, 107, 139, 179; Robsart marriage/death and, 94, 100, 101–2, 103, 108, 139, 155; Simier attacks and, 178–79; succession to the throne and, 115–16; in Tower of London, 53–54, 93
Edward III (King of England), 115
Edward VI (King of England), 7–8, 10, 14, 15–16, 17, 20, 26–27, 34, 38, 40–41, 92, 93
Elisabeth of France, 78–79, 149–50, 189
Elizabeth Tudor (Queen of England): achievements of, 218; appearance of, 15, 39, 74, 125, 128, 148, 201; aversion to marriage of, 14, 54–55, 58, 59–60, 77, 85, 117, 124, 141, 148, 151, 155, 156, 172, 185, 216; birth of, 2; childbearing concerns about, 115, 117, 141–42, 143, 144, 149, 159, 161, 163, 167–68, 175, 185, 186, 187, 194, 198; childhood of, 1–14; coronation of, 63–64, 68; education of, 10, 38, 39; first suitor of, 11–12, 13; health of, 6, 38, 42, 50, 51, 103, 109, 115–16, 142; Henry VIII relationship with, 4–5, 14; interrogation of, 52; legitimacy of, 4, 6, 13–14, 16, 54, 61, 75; as “Little Bastard,” 13; during Mary Tudor’s reign, 42–61, 143–45; mythology/cult of, 201–3, 204, 217–18; pictures of, 131, 138; popular support for, 42, 61, 63–64, 217; power of, 79; “pregnancy” of, 35, 39, 51–52; public image of, 35, 51; reputation of, 22, 24, 35, 38–39, 51, 96–97, 103, 161; succession to throne and, 4, 6, 7, 13–14, 16, 40, 41–42, 45, 49, 56, 59, 61, 62, 77, 82, 93, 114–46, 155, 214–15; in Tower of London, 51–54, 63, 67, 93–94; as virgin, 2, 81–82, 83, 85, 95, 114, 122, 124, 128, 157, 160, 197, 199, 201–2, 218; youth of, 15–36, 131
Elizabeth of York, 44
Emmanuel Philibert (Duke of Savoy), 54–55, 56, 58–59, 63, 71–72, 132
Eric XIV (Prince of Sweden): 50; 83–84; as suitor, 89–90; 133; 141; 217
Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, 137, 209–15, 216, 218
Exeter, Marquis of, 44
Ferdinand, Archduke, 71, 72, 80–81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 98, 99, 100
Ferdinand (King of Spain), 18
Feria, Count de (Spanish ambassador), 62–73, 74, 75–81, 83, 84–85, 94–95, 119
Fitzalan, Henry. See Arundel, Earl of
Fowler, John, 20, 22, 27
France: civil war in, 155, 157, 158, 190; English relations with, 59, 61, 168, 169, 170, 178, 182–84, 191–92, 195; Philip of Spain-Elizabeth of France marriage and, 78–79; Spanish relations with, 64–66, 67, 71–80, 81, 166, 188–89, 190, 193; St. Bartholomew’s Eve massacre in, 169–70, 178, 191. See also specific person
Francis I (King of France), 11, 12, 13
The Gaping Gulf (Stubbs), 182–84, 187
Gardiner, Bishop, 43, 44, 52
Grey, Lady Catherine, 53, 115, 121–22, 141, 156
Grey, Lady Jane, 26–27, 37, 41–42, 53, 55, 93, 114, 115, 155
Grey, Lady Mary, 115, 156
Grindal, William, 18, 21, 23
Gustavus (King of Sweden), 60, 83–84, 89, 94
Habsburg family, 72, 217. See also specific member
Hales, John, 121, 122
Hatton, Christopher, 197, 204, 205–6
Heneage, Thomas, 111
Henry II (King of France), 48–49, 55, 56, 64, 78–79, 80, 147
Henry III (King of France), 136, 157–67, 171, 176, 190, 193, 195, 196
Henry VII (King of England), 7, 44, 65, 123
Henry VIII (King of England): accomplishments of, 6–7; Catholicism and, 12–13; death of, 15; Edward’s birth and, 8; Elizabeth’s relationship with, 4–5, 14; marriages/divorces of, 2–3, 5, 6, 8–9, 13, 17, 35, 47, 54, 87, 114; personality and character of, 7, 37; Seymour brothers’ relationship with, 17; will of, 16, 26, 41, 115, 121
Hertford, Earl of, 17, 27, 121–22
Howard, Catherine, 8–9, 10, 14, 35
Huguenots, 158, 165, 168, 169–70, 171, 178, 190
Huntingdon, Earl of, 115
James VI (King of Scotland), 141–42, 214, 215–16
John of Finland, Duke, 89, 90
Jones, Robert, 102–3
Kingston, Sir William, 3–4
Knollys, Lettice (Viscountess of Hereford), 111–12, 179, 180
Latimer, Lady. See Parr, Catherine
Latimer, Lord, 34, 39–40
Leicester, Earl of. See Dudley, Robert
Lennox, Lady, 123–24
“The Lie” (Raleigh), 207
Lyly, John, 218
Maitland of Lethington (Scottish envoy), 118–19, 120
Maltravers, Lord, 67
Marchaumont (French agent), 191
Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots: Alençon-Elizabeth negotiations and, 174–75; Anjou and, 158, 164; Bothwell marriage of, 155; Darnley and, 12, 123–24, 127, 155; Don Carlos as suitor to, 120–21; Dudley and, 102, 118–20, 121, 122–23, 126–27, 129; Elizabeth compared with, 125–26, 148, 157; Elizabeth’s relationship with, 12, 122, 123, 124; flight to England of, 155; imprisonment of, 156; James birth and, 141–42; Philip II as suitor to Elizabeth and, 71, 73; reputation of, 157; Spain and, 64–65, 118, 120–21, 127, 166; St. Bartholomew’s Eve massacre and, 170; succession to the throne and, 64–65, 71, 73, 76, 77, 80, 114, 115, 118–20, 122, 124, 127, 141–42, 156, 158, 217
Mary Tudor (Queen of England): Catholicism of, 9, 15–16, 40, 45, 47, 61, 145, 167; Courtnay and, 44, 46; Courtnay-Elizabeth relationship and, 50–51, 52, 58; death of, 61, 64, 94; Dudley and, 93; Edward and, 8; Elizabeth compared with, 61, 148; Elizabeth during reign of, 42–61; Elizabeth’s relationship with, 37, 43, 45, 47, 50, 51–52, 58–59, 70–71, 145; Elizabeth’s suitors and, 58–59, 60; Henry VIII relationship with, 7; importance of marriage of, 12–13, 37, 42, 43–44, 48, 50, 55, 81, 114, 116; and Lady Jane Grey as queen, 41–42; legitimacy of, 4, 6, 10, 13–14, 16; Northumberland and, 93; Philip of Spain and, 47, 49, 54, 55–57, 58, 59, 60–61, 69, 70–71, 73, 141, 152, 155, 161, 181, 184, 217; popularity of, 42; “pregnancies” of, 56–57, 59, 61; Privy Council’s consent to marriage of, 26; public opinion and, 35, 48, 55; rescinding of Henry VIII-Catherine of Aragon divorce by, 54; Seymour (Thomas) and, 20; stepmothers’ relationship with, 3, 5–6, 9–10; succession to throne and, 4, 6, 7, 13–14, 15–16, 40, 41–43, 45, 49, 59, 93, 114, 145
Maximilian II (Emperor of Austria), 96, 127, 129, 142–43, 153, 154, 157, 165
Melville, James (Scottish envoy), 122–24, 125–26, 141, 142
Mendoza, Bernardino de (Spanish ambassador); Alençon as suitor and, 176, 177, 178, 181, 182, 186, 187, 190, 191, 194, 196, 198
More, Sir Thomas, 39
de La Mothe Fénelon (French ambassador), 158–59, 161, 162, 164
Netherlands, 156, 173–74, 190, 194, 199
de Noailes, Antoine, 47, 48, 49, 52, 55, 56
“Noli me tangere,” 1, 2, 3, 14, 36, 206
Norfolk, 3rd Duke of, 18, 43, 66, 67, 99, 100, 109, 111
Norfolk, 4th Duke of, 143, 151, 154–55, 156
Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of, 18, 40–41, 42, 47–48, 53, 92–93, 98
Nowell, Dr., 116
“On Monsieur’s Departure” (Elizabeth), 199
Orléans, Duke of, 11, 13
Paget, Lord (Chief Secretary), 16, 17, 47, 54
Parliament: Elizabeth’s speeches to, 82–83, 117, 140, 144–46; Elizabeth’s suitors and, 59, 104, 116–18, 120, 122, 140, 143–46, 156, 172, 185, 191, 196, 216; Mary Tudor’s marriage and, 48; as protector of Elizabeth, 156–57; succession to the throne and, 116–18, 120, 122, 143–46, 156–57, 216
Parr, Catherine: death of, 25–26, 38; Elizabeth at home of, 19–20, 21–22; Elizabeth’s departure from home of, 24–25, 33; Elizabeth’s relationship with, 10, 11, 19, 21–22, 24–25, 38; Henry VIII marriage to, 9–11; pregnancy of, 21, 35; Seymour (Thomas)-Elizabeth relationship and, 21–24; Seymour (Thomas) marriage/relationship with, 16–17, 18, 19–24, 25–26, 34; succession to throne and, 14
Parry, Thomas, 24, 28–29, 31–33, 58, 94, 179
Philip II (King of Spain): Archduke Charles as suitor and, 88; Dudley-Elizabeth relationship and, 94–95, 99, 105–6, 107; Elizabeth of France marriage to, 78–79, 189; Elizabeth as “sister” to, 81; Elizabeth’s early relationship with, 57, 59; Elizabeth’s first meeting with, 56; Elizabeth’s marriage negotiations with, 62–67, 70–80, 83, 90, 119, 161–62; as Elizabeth’s protector, 64; Emmanuel Philibert as cousin of, 54; Emmanuel Philibert-Elizabeth match and, 58, 59; Eric of Sweden as suitor and, 89; French relations with, 188–89; influence on Elizabeth of, 64, 121; Mary Stuart and, 64–65, 118, 120–21; Mary Tudor and, 47, 49, 54, 55–57, 58, 59, 60–61, 69, 70–71, 73, 141, 152, 155, 161, 181, 184, 217; Mary Tudor’s death and, 62; Mary Tudor’s “pregnancy” and, 56–57; picture of, 134; Portugal and, 188; St. Bartholomew’s Eve massacre and, 170
Pickering, William, 68–70, 75, 81–82, 83, 95
Pope, Sir Thomas, 60, 81
Privy Council: creation of, 16; Elizabeth’s marriage and, 66, 70, 72, 81, 115, 116, 155, 176, 177, 186, 187, 190; Henry VIII will and, 16; Mary Tudor’s marriage and, 44; and need for consent for marriage, 26, 28; Seymour (Thomas)-Elizabeth relationship and, 28, 29, 34
Protector, Lord. See Seymour, Edward
de Quadra, Alvarez (Bishop of Spain): Arundel as suitor and, 67, 69, 70; Dudley-Elizabeth relationship and, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105–8, 109; Habsburg archdukes as suitors and, 85–86, 87, 88; named ambassador to England, 84; passion of Elizabeth comment of, 91; Pickering as suitor and, 69, 70; succession to the throne and, 115
Rabenstein, Baron von. See Breuner, Caspar
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 204–7, 209, 210, 215, 216
religion. See Catholicism/Catholic Church; Huguenots
Renard, Simon, 44, 45–46, 47, 48, 50–51, 52, 53, 54
Richmond, Duke of, 5, 6, 18
Robsart, Amy, 101–2, 103, 108, 139, 155
Russell, Lord, 29–30
Salisbury, Dr. Jewel, Bishop of, 76, 89
Savoy, Duke of. See Emmanuel Philibert
Scheyfve, Jean (imperial ambassador), 40–41
Seymour, Edward (Earl of Hertford and Duke of Somerset): ambitions of, 16; death of, 40; Edward VI and, 8, 27; Elizabeth’s relationship with, 38; Elizabeth’s reputation and, 39; family background of, 17; Grey marriage and, 27; Parr-Thomas marriage and, 20–21; personality and character of, 17, 24; power of, 19; as Protector, 16; Thomas-Elizabeth relationship and, 19, 22, 29, 32, 34; Thomas’s relationship with, 20–21, 22, 26, 27, 30–31, 34, 52; treason charges against Thomas and, 34, 38
Seymour, Jane, 3, 6, 7, 8, 17
Seymour, Sir John, 17
Seymour, Thomas: ambitions of, 19, 26, 29, 30, 39, 212; death of, 34, 215; Edward Seymour’s relationship with, 20–21, 22, 26, 27, 30–31, 34, 52; Edward VI relationship with, 20, 26–27, 34; Elizabeth’s memory of, 36, 51–52; as Elizabeth’s model for attractive men, 19, 36; Elizabeth’s relationship with, 18, 19, 21–24, 26, 27, 28–29, 37–38, 39–40, 91, 107; as Elizabeth’s suitor, 17, 19, 26, 27, 28–30, 31–34, 39–40; Essex compared with, 212; family background of, 17; Grey courtship and, 26–27; Parr marriage/relationship to, 16–17, 18, 19–24, 25–26, 34; Parr’s death and, 25–26; personality and character of, 17–18, 21, 27, 29, 39–40; picture of, 132; professional career of, 17, 18–19; titles of, 16, 17; in Tower of London, 30–31; treason charges against, 34, 38; views about Parliament of, 82
Shakespeare, William, 145
Shrewsbury, Countess of, 174–75
Sidney, Sir Henry, 105–6, 141
Sidney, Lady, 98
Sidney, Sir Philip, 192, 209
de Silva, Diego Guzmán (Spanish ambassador), 112, 126, 140–41, 144, 147, 148, 151, 152, 156, 158, 160–61
de Simier, Jean, 174–75, 177, 178–79, 180, 182, 187–88, 190
Smith, Sir Thomas, 150–51, 166–67, 168
Somerset, Duchess of, 20, 21, 28, 29, 39, 43
Somerset, Duke of. See Seymour, Edward
Spain: English relations with, 166, 188–89, 190; French relations with, 64–66, 67, 71–80, 81, 166, 188–89, 190, 193; Portugal acquired by, 188, 190; rebellion in, 155. See also specific person
St. Bartholomew’s Eve massacre (Paris), 165, 169–70, 178, 191
Stafford, Sir Edward, 189
Stubbs, John, 183–84, 185
Succession Act (1544), 13–14
Suffolk family, 41, 115, 121
Sussex, Earl of, 99, 104, 111, 153, 154, 155, 175, 181
Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas, 26, 100, 102–3, 104, 111
“Triumph” enactment, 192
Tyrwhitt, Lady, 33
Tyrwhitt, Sir Robert, 31–32, 33–34, 35, 38, 84
Valois, House of. See specific member
Vaucelles, Treaty of, 58
Wallop, John, 18
Walsingham, Francis: Alençon as suitor and, 167, 168–70, 175, 186–87, 188, 189, 193, 195, 196, 202; Anjou as suitor and, 160, 161–62, 163, 164, 165, 166; St. Bartholomew’s Eve massacre and, 169–70
Warwick, Earl of, 118–19
weal of the kingdom: Cecil’s devotion to Elizabeth and, 130; Elizabeth’s dedication to, 128, 146, 172; Elizabeth’s health and, 115–16; Elizabeth’s promise about, 145–46; Elizabeth’s suitors and, 114–46, 216; succession to the throne and, 114–46
Wriothesley, Charles, 8
Wyatt, Thomas, 1, 2, 3, 192
Wyatt, Thomas, the younger, 50, 51, 69, 215, 216
York, Archbishop of, 190
Zwetkovich, Adam von, 127–29