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Index
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Regression Analysis with R
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Contributors
About the author
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Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
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Conventions used
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Reviews
Getting Started with Regression
Going back to the origin of regression
Regression in the real world
Understanding regression concepts
Regression versus correlation
Discovering different types of regression
The R environment
Installing R
Using precompiled binary distribution
Installing on Windows
Installing on macOS
Installing on Linux
Installation from source code
RStudio
R packages for regression
The R stats package
The car package
The MASS package
The caret package
The glmnet package
The sgd package
The BLR package
The Lars package
Summary
Basic Concepts – Simple Linear Regression
Association between variables – covariance and correlation
Searching linear relationships
Least squares regression
Creating a linear regression model
Statistical significance test
Exploring model results
Diagnostic plots
Modeling a perfect linear association
Summary
More Than Just One Predictor – MLR
Multiple linear regression concepts
Building a multiple linear regression model
Multiple linear regression with categorical predictor
Categorical variables
Building a model
Gradient Descent and linear regression
Gradient Descent
Stochastic Gradient Descent
The sgd package
Linear regression with SGD
Polynomial regression
Summary
When the Response Falls into Two Categories – Logistic Regression
Understanding logistic regression
The logit model
Generalized Linear Model
Simple logistic regression
Multiple logistic regression
Customer satisfaction analysis with the multiple logistic regression
Multiple logistic regression with categorical data
Multinomial logistic regression
Summary
Data Preparation Using R Tools
Data wrangling
A first look at data
Change datatype
Removing empty cells
Replace incorrect value
Missing values
Treatment of NaN values
Finding outliers in data
Scale of features
Min–max normalization
z score standardization
Discretization in R
Data discretization by binning
Data discretization by histogram analysis
Dimensionality reduction
Principal Component Analysis
Summary
Avoiding Overfitting Problems - Achieving Generalization
Understanding overfitting
Overfitting detection – cross-validation
Feature selection
Stepwise regression
Regression subset selection
Regularization
Ridge regression
Lasso regression
ElasticNet regression
Summary
Going Further with Regression Models
Robust linear regression
Bayesian linear regression
Basic concepts of probability
Bayes' theorem
Bayesian model using BAS package
Count data model
Poisson distributions
Poisson regression model
Modeling the number of warp breaks per loom
Summary
Beyond Linearity – When Curving Is Much Better
Nonlinear least squares
Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines
Generalized Additive Model
Regression trees
Support Vector Regression
Summary
Regression Analysis in Practice
Random forest regression with the Boston dataset
Exploratory analysis
Multiple linear model fitting
Random forest regression model
Classifying breast cancer using logistic regression
Exploratory analysis
Model fitting
Regression with neural networks
Exploratory analysis
Neural network model
Summary
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