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Index
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1: Rivers
The Importance of Rivers
Significance in Early Human Settlements
Significance to Trade, Agriculture, and Industry
Hydroelectric Power
Drainage Basins
Environmental Problems Attendant on River Use
The Distribution of Rivers in Nature
Principles Governing Distribution and Flow
Runoff
The River System Through Time
Drainage Diversion by Stream Capture
Non-Fluvial Invasion and Deposition
The Effects of Climatic Change
Chapter 2: Drainage Patterns and Geometry
The Drainage Patterns of Rivers
Horton’s Laws of Drainage Composition
Morphometry of Drainage Networks
Streambeds
The Geometry of River Systems
Hydraulic Geometry
River Channel Patterns
Waterfalls
Iguaçu Falls
Chapter 3: Streamflow and Sediment Yield
Peak Discharge and Flooding
Sediment Yield and Sediment Load
Measurement of the Load
Sediment Sources and the Nature of Deposition
Alluvium
Factors That Influence Sediment Yield
Short-Term Variations
Long-Term or Average Sediment Yield
Geomorphic Variables
Chapter 4: Rivers as Agents of Landscape Evolution: Valleys, Canyons, Floodplains, and River Terraces
Valleys and Canyons
Valley Evolution
Formation of Canyons and Gorges
Floodplains
Floodplain Deposits, Origins, and Features
Time and the Floodplain System
River Terraces
The Origin of River Terraces
Outwash
Terraces and Geomorphic History
Chapter 5: Rivers as Agents of Landscape Evolution: Alluvial Fans, Deltas, and Estuaries
Alluvial Fans
Size, Morphology, and Surface Characteristics
Fan Deposits and Depositional Processes
Economic Significance
Deltas
Classification of Deltas
Morphology of Deltas
Deposits and Stratigraphy
Deltas and Time
Estuaries
Origin and Classification
Fjords
Sedimentation in Estuaries
Chapter 6: Major Rivers of Africa
The Congo River
Physiography
Hydrology
Climate
Study and Exploration
The Niger River
Physiography
Climate
Hydrology
Study and Exploration
The Nile River
Physiography
Climate and Hydrology
Study and Exploration
Chapter 7: Major Rivers of the Americas
The Amazon River
The Length of the Amazon
Landforms and Drainage Patterns
The Physiography of the River Course
Hydrology
Climate
The Paraná River
Soils
Study and Exploration
The Mississippi River
Physiography
Climate
Hydrology
The Missouri River
Chapter 8: Major Rivers of Asia and Australia
The Ganges River
Physiography
Climate and Hydrology
The Lena River
Physiography
Climate
Hydrology
Study and Exploration
The Murray River
Physical Features
Economy and Water Management
The Darling River
The Ob River
Physiography
Climate and Hydrology
Study and Exploration
The Irtysh River
The Yangtze River
The Upper Course
The Middle Course
The Lower Course
The Yangtze Delta
Geology
Hydrology
The Yenisey River
Physical Features
Study and Exploration
Chapter 9: Major Rivers of Europe
The Danube River
Physiography
Hydrology
The Rhine River
Physiography
Hydrology
The Rhône River
Physiography
Hydrology
Conclusion
Appendix A: Average Net Primary Production of the Earth’s Major Habitats
Appendix B: World’s Longest Rivers and River Systems
Appendix C: Selected Waterfalls of the World
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
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