The Mismeasure of Man (Revised & Expanded) by Gould, Stephen Jay -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Halftitle Title Page Dedication Contents Acknowledgments Introduction to the Revised and Expanded Edition: Thoughts at Age Fifteen

The frame of The Mismeasure of Man Why revise The Mismeasure of Man after fifteen years? Reasons, history and revision of The Mismeasure of Man

1. Introduction 2. American Polygeny and Craniometry before Darwin: Blacks and Indians as Separate, Inferior Species

A shared context of culture Preevolutionary styles of scientific racism: monogenism and polygenism Louis Agassiz—America’s theorist of polygeny Samuel George Morton—empiricist of polygeny

The case of Indian inferiority: Crania Americana The case of the Egyptian catacombs: Crania Aegyptiaca The case of the shifting black mean The final tabulation of 1849 Conclusions

The American school and slavery

3. Measuring Heads: Paul Br oca and the Heyday of Craniology

The allure of numbers

Introduction Francis Galton—apostle of quantification A curtain-raiser with a moral: numbers do not guarantee truth

Masters of craniometry: Paul Broca and his school

The great circle route Selecting characters Averting anomalies

BIG-BRAINED GERMANS SMALL-BRAINED MEN OF EMINENCE LARGE-BRAINED CRIMINALS FLAWS IN A PATTERN OF INCREASE THROUGH TIME

Front and back

THE CRANIAL INDEX THE CASE OF THE FORAMEN MAGNUM

Women’s brains

Postscript

4. Measuring Bodies: Two Case Studies on the Apishness of Undesirables

The ape in all of us: recapitulation The ape in some of us: criminal anthropology

Atavism and criminality Animals and savages as born criminals The stigmata: anatomical, physiological, and social Lombroso’s retreat The influence of criminal anthropology Coda

Epilogue

5. The Hereditarian Theory of IQ: An American Invention

Alfred Binet and the original purposes of the Binet scale

Binet flirts with craniometry Binet’s scale and the birth oflQ The dismantling of Binet’s intentions in America

H. H. Goddard and the menace of the feeble-minded

Intelligence as a Mendelian gene

GODDARD IDENTIFIES THE MORON A UNILINEAR SCALE OF INTELLIGENCE BREAKING THE SCALE INTO MENDELIAN COMPARTMENTS THE PROPER CARE AND FEEDING (BUT NOT BREEDING) OF MORONS

Preventing the immigration and propagation of morons Goddard recants

Lewis M. Terman and the mass marketing of innate IQ

Mass testing and the Stanford-Binet Terman’s technocracy ofinnateness Fossil IQ’s of past geniuses Terman on group differences Terman recants

R. M. Yerkes and the Army Mental Tests: IQ comes of age

Psychology’s great leap forward Results of the army tests A critique of the Army Mental Tests

THE CONTENT OF THE TESTS INADEQUATE CONDITIONS DUBIOUS AND PERVERSE PROCEEDINGS: A PERSONAL TESTIMONY FINAGLING THE SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE PROBLEM OF ZERO VALUES FINAGLING THE SUMMARY STATISTICS: GETTING AROUND OBVIOUS CORRELATIONS WITH ENVIRONMENT

Political impact of the army data

CAN DEMOCRACY SURVIVE AN AVERAGE MENTAL AGE OF THIRTEEN? THE ARMY TESTS AND AGITATION TO RESTRICT IMMIGRATION BRIGHAM’S MONOGRAPH ON AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE: THE TRIUMPH OF RESTRICTION ON IMMIGRATION: BRIGHAM RECANTS

6. The Real Error of Cyril Burt: Factor Analysis and the Reification of Intelligence

The case of Sir Cyril Burt Correlation, cause, and factor analysis

Correlation and cause Correlation in more than two dimensions Factor analysis and its goals The error of reification Rotation and the nonnecessity of principal components

Charles Spearman and general intelligence

The two-factor theory The method of tetrad differences Spearman’s g and the great instauration of psychology Spearman’s g and the theoretical justification oflQ Spearman’s reification o/g Spearman on the inheritance

Cyril Burt and the hereditarian synthesis

The source of Burt’s uncompromising hereditarianism

BURT’S INITIAL “PROOF” OF INNATENESS LATER ARGUMENTS BURT’S BLINDNESS BURT’S POLITICAL USE OF INNATENESS

Burt’s extension of Spearman’s theory Burt on the reification of factors Burt and the political uses of g

L. L. Thurstone and the vectors of mind

Thurstone’s critique and reconstruction The egalitarian interpretation ofPMA’s Spearman and Burt react Oblique axes and second-order g Thurstone on the uses of factor analysis

Epilogue: Arthur Jensen and the resurrection of Spearman’s g A final thought

7. A Positive Conclusion

Debunking as positive science Learning by Debunking Biology and human nature

Epilogue Critique of The Bell Curve

The Bell Curve

Disingenuousness of content Disingenuousness of argument Disingenuousness of program

Ghosts of Bell Curves past

Three Centuries’ Perspectives on Race and Racism

Age-old fallacies of thinking and stinking Racial geometry The moral state of Tahiti—and of Darwin

Bibliography Index Footnotes Copyright Page

← Prev
Back
Next →

← Prev
Back
Next →