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Index
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
The design of the book
The style of the book
The structure of the book
Key components of the book
Acknowledgments
Part I: The framework of human motivation
1. Underpinnings: Five foundational doctrines of motivational science
Introduction
Principle #1—Motivational inequality is a measurable reality
Principle #2—Motivation can be defined, but not universally
Principle #3—There is no such thing as being unmotivated
Principle #4—Behavior≠motivation, and there are no “motivational” types
Principle #5—Individuals may not recognize or understand their own motives
References
2. Contentious issues: How evidence refutes motivational misconceptions
Principle #6—Motivational beliefs differ from motivational knowledge
Principle #7—Motivational evidence can only answer certain questions
Principle #8—Motivation is related to learning and performance but causality is an uncertainty
Principle #9—Motivation is subordinate to character and personality
Principle #10—Motivation is the responsibility of leaders and can be taught
Principle #11—Theoretically, motivated behavior operates on a continuum
Principle #12—Optimal motivation is obtainable
References
3. The biopsychology of motivation: Using evidence from neurology and endocrinology to understand motivated behavior
Principle #13—Neurological/endocrinological evidence informs or refutes behavioral evidence
Principle #14—Neurological/endocrinological inferences are multi-dimensional
Principle #15—The brain is a perceptual filter influencing subjective reality
Principle #16—Neurological system organization facilitates or inhibits action
Principle #17—Power and social dominance displays mimic sympathetic nervous system activation
Principle #18—Displays of affiliation mimic parasympathetic nervous system activation
Principle #19—Achievement and incentive reward share similar neural response patterns
Principle #20—Humanity is motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain
Principle #21—Motivated behavior is heritable and evolutionary
References
4. Ch, ch, changes: The developmental trajectory of motivation
Principle #22—Biological change is predictable, motivational change is not
Principle #23—Academic and competency motives have developmental trajectories
Principle #24—Excellence judgments influence effort direction and intensity
Principle #25—Evolution of values and morality mediate moral motivation
Principle #26—Gender congruity evaluations substantially influence perceptions of “fit”
References
5. A rose by any other name: The influence of culture on motivated behavior
Principle #27—Culture transcends demographics
Principle #28—Ethnic identity shapes self-concept and self-relevant motivations
Principle #29—Motivational differences exist between individualistic and collectivistic cultures
Principle #30—Communication and language patterns are revealing cultural markers
Principle #31—Leadership is subjectively interpreted according to culture
References
Part II: The powerful role of individual differences and self-beliefs
6. You say to-may-toe, I say to-mah-toe: Individual differences in motives guide focus and effort
Principle #32—The source of motives determines goal emphasis and strategy choice
Principle #33—Individual reaction to incentives is variable, and predictable
Principle #34—Goal type and orientation are reliable and accurate predictors of behavior
Principle #35—Interest is a multi-faceted contributor to motivational intensity
References
7. Mount Rushmore: Bedrock theories of applied motivation
Principle #36—Past performance guides future motivation
Principle #37—Certain motives are extraordinarily difficult to suppress
Principle #38—After ability, self-efficacy explains more performance variation than any other motivational self-belief
Principle #39—Motivational theory is applied temporally and situationally
References
8. Can I see the real me?: The powerful influence of self-beliefs on motivated behavior
Principle #40—The psychological or physical presence of others may alter normative behavior
Principle #41—Pro-social behaviors are compliant, adaptive, and predictable
Principle #42—Pro-social motives are egoistic and altruistic
Principle #43—Performance inhibiting strategies augment self-worth
References
9. No place to hide: Motivation and emotion
Principle #44—Emotional reactions are localized, subjective, and learned
Principle #45—Anxiety and boredom are performance-restricting culprits
Principle #46—Positive affect is a powerful performance determinant
Principle #47—Individuals restructure affect to regulate their emotions
References
Part III: Mediation and implementation strategies to promote optimal learning and performance
10. Ready, aim, fire…repeat?: Self-regulation strategies to improve adaptive motivation
Principle #48—Self-regulation is personalized, transitory, and marginally predictable
Principle #49—Self-regulatory ability is depletable; accurate calibration is essential
Principle #50—Optimal motivation demands monitoring, metacognition, and metamotivation
References
11. Location, location, location: Creating and implementing context-specific interventions
Promoting adaptive academic motivation
Strategies to motivate work performance
Optimizing motivation for athletic and public performances
Motivational strategies to enhance online learning and instructional design
References
12. The transformers: Overcoming resistance to motivational change
Why do people resist change?
Which strategies will individuals use to refute change?
Overcoming change resistance in others
Instructional strategies supporting conceptual change
Learning from leaders
Epilogue
References
Appendix. Measuring motivation
References
Index
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