SPSS For You

1\. INTRODUCTION

Population and Sample

Observations and Variables

Variables and Scales

Quantitative or Measurement Variable on Interval Scale

Qualitative Variable on Nominal Scale

Ranked Variable on Ordinal Scale

Frequency Distribution

Properties of Frequency Distribution

Normal Distribution

Properties of Normal Curve

Standard Normal Distribution

Statistics and Parameters

Sampling Distribution

Sampling Distribution of Mean

Hypothesis Testing

Null and Alternate Hypothesis

Percentiles and Confidence Interval

Levels of Significance

Two-tailed Test and One-tailed Test

Type I and Type II Errors

p-values

2\. SPSS DATA FILE

Opening a Data File in SPSS

SPSS Data Editor

Variable View

Data View

Entering Data into the Data Editor

Saving the Data File

Statistical Analysis

Editing and Manipulating Data

Inserting a New Variable

Rearranging the Order of Variables in Variable View

Deleting and Rearranging Items from the Viewer

Creating a Page Break

Changing the Type of Variable

Missing Values

Editing SPSS output

Copying SPSS Output

Copying a Table

Copying a Graph

Changing from Portrait to Landscape

Printing from SPSS

Printing the Output from the Viewer

Closing SPSS

Tutorials in SPSS

Importing Data

Importing Excel Files

3\. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS WITH SPSS

Descriptive Statistics

Measures of Central Tendency

Arithmetic Mean

Median

Mode

Measures of Dispersion

Standard Deviation

Skewness

Kurtosis

Descriptive Statistics with SPSS

Quantitative Data

Nominal and Ordinal Data or Qualitative Data

Review Exercises

4\. CHARTS AND GRAPHS

Bar Charts

Simple Bar Charts

Clustered Bar Charts

Error Bar Charts

Pie Chart

Scatter Plots and Dot Plots

Scatter Plots

Line graphs

Histogram

Review Exercises

5\. COMPARING AVERAGES

Parametric Tests and Non-Parametric Tests to Compare Averages

Students t-test

Two-sample Test

One-Sample t-Test

Other tests for Comparing Averages

Mann-Whitney’s Test for Independent Samples

Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Sample Test

Review Exercises

6\. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)

Analysis of Variance—One Factor between Subjects

One-Way ANOVA

Two-way ANOVA—Two Treatment Factor Experiment and Analysis

Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)

Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) with SPSS

Basics of Doing MANOVA in SPSS

Review Exercises

7\. CORRELATION

Statistical Association between Variables

Correlation—Simple and Multiple Correlation

Types of Correlation

Methods of Studying Correlation

Graphical Method: Scatter Diagram

Mathematical Method: Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient

Bivariate Analysis with SPSS

Rank Correlation

Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient

Spearman’s Rank Correlation with SPSS

Kendall’s Rank Correlation Coefficient

Kendall Rank Correlation with SPSS

Multiple Correlation

Multiple Correlation with SPSS

Does Correlation Coefficient Reveals the Relationship between the Variable Fully?

Review Exercises

8\. REGRESSION

Simple Linear Regression

Simple Linear Regression Equation

Scatter Plot and the Line of Best Fit

Regression and One-way ANOVA

Simple Regression with SPSS

Multiple Regression Analysis

Multiple Regression with SPSS

Correlation Analysis vs Regression Analysis

Review Exercises

9\. CHI-SQUARE TEST

Chi-Square Test

Data Applicable to Chi-square Test

Conditions for Validity of Chi-square Test

Applications of Chi-square Test

Procedure to Carry out Chi-square Test

Chi-square Test with SPSS

Chi-square Test for Goodness of Fit with SPSS

Chi-square Test for Independence of Attributes with SPSS

Review Exercises

Glossary

References