[Gutenberg 11226] • Building a State in Apache Land

How the Territory Was Acquired

In San Francisco in the early fifties, there was a house on the

northeast corner of Stockton and Washington, of considerable

architectural pretensions for the period, which was called the

"Government Boarding House."

The cause of this appellation was that the California senators and their

families, a member of Congress and his wife, the United States marshal,

and several lesser dignitaries of the Federal Government, resided there.

In those early days private mansions were few; so the boarding-house

formed the only home of the Argonauts.

After the ladies retired at night, the gentlemen usually assembled in

the spacious parlor, opened a bottle of Sazerac, and discussed politics.

It was known to the senators that the American minister in Mexico had

been instructed to negotiate a new treaty with Mexico for the

acquisition of additional territory; not that there was a pressing

necessity for more land, but for reasons which will be briefly stated:

1st. By the treaty of 1848, usually called Guadaloupe Hidalgo,[A] the

government of the United States had undertaken to protect the Mexicans

from the incursions of Indians within the United States boundary, and as

this proved to be an impractical undertaking, the damages on account of

failure began to assume alarming proportions, and the government of the

United States was naturally anxious to be released from the obligation.

2\. The Democratic party was in the plenitude of power, and the Southern

States were dominant in the Administration. It had been the dream of

this element for many years to construct a railroad from the Mississippi

River to the Pacific Ocean, and the additional territory was required

for "a pass". It was not known at that early day that railroads could be

constructed across the Rocky Mountains at a higher latitude, and it was

feared that snow and ice might interfere with traffic in the extremes of

winter.

The State of Texas had already given encouragement to the construction