Index

All index entries shown here correspond to the page numbers within the printed edition only. Within this digital format these page numbers allow for cross referencing only.

“abandoning the body” 184–5

Aberbach, Moses 13

Abrahamic religions 176–7, 188

Abu-Assad, Hany 284, 286

Adamec, Zdenek 200

Aetherius Society 91–2, 95–6

Aguilera, Davy 237

AIDS 113

Ajaj, Bader 160

Åkerbäck, Peter 66–7

Al-Dawa 196

Alexis, Tsar 31–4, 38

alien-based religions 91–4, 103–4

“alien messiah” 5, 91, 93

Allende, Laura 82

Allison, Olivia 201

al-Qaeda 134, 146, 196

altruistic suicide 78, 199, 205–7

Amenta Club 58

Amida Buddha 180

Ammerman, Nancy T. 238

Ancient and Mystical Order Rosae Crucis 57, 61

Anderson, Steve 254

Anna, Empress of Russia 36

anomic suicide 141

Anthony, Dick 50

Antichrist, power of 42–3, 48–9

apocalyptic mentality 32, 35–45, 49–50, 62–6, 92–6, 103–4, 113, 119, 123, 227

apostates 236–8

Applewhite, Marshall Herff (“Do”) 5, 92–3, 96–105

Arab communities 24, 82, 139, 174, 205, 276–82, 286

Archédia Clubs 58

Arnold, Kenneth 91

Aruhaire, Bernard 122

“Ascended Masters” 91, 93

Aum Shinrikyo 55, 62, 119

auto-cremation

as Buddhist religious practice 184–6

as political protest 186–8

ultimate aim of 188–9

Avvakum and Avvakumists 31–4, 37–40, 49

Baer, Bob 281

Baer, Ulrich 203

Bailey, Alice 94

Baisy, Shirley 84

Bakunin, Mikhail 81

Bakyenga, Paul 120–21

Balch, Robert 96–7

Ballard, Guy 93

Banks, Dennis 83

Banura, Gerard 120

Barber, Gene 237

Baregu, M. 141

Barkun, Michael 99

Bassus, Lucilius 15, 18, 21

Battin, Margaret 79

Beckford, James 239

Begumanya, J. 120

Ben-Hanan, Yonatan 14

Benn, J.A. 175–6, 183–5

Ben-Yair, Eleazar 13–16, 21, 24

Ben-Yehuda, Nachman 3

Berezorka River hermitage 34

Berg, Peter 7, 278

Bernard, Raymond 60–61

Beyaz, Eyüp 199

Bianco, Lucien 218

Biggs, M. 175–6

Binsztein, Basia 77

Birth Stories of the Ten Bodhistattvas 184

Bixby, Lydia 162

Black-Ice (play) 80

Black Panthers 80–83

Black Power 74, 80–83

Blackman, Paul H. 237

Blackwell Wright, Unita 83

Blake, Winston 234

Blakey, Deborah Layton 75

Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna 93

bodhisattva ideal 174, 180–84, 187–8

Bogue, Thom 84

Book of Cyrill 41

Bouazizi, Mohammed 205

Bourdieu, Pierre 5, 131, 136–8

brainwashing 57, 257

Branch Davidian community 7, 55, 62, 33–46, 254–5

The Branch Davidians of Waco (book) 254

Brandt, R.B. 78

Breault, Mark 238

Breyer, Jacques 58–61

Brokaw, Tom 243

Brym, Robert J. 160, 286

B’Tselem organization 159

Buddhism 6, 176–7, 180–89

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATC) 7, 233–42

Burke, Edmund 134

Burrows, Ken 243

capitalism 4, 66, 80, 85–6, 142, 254

Carnahan, Matthew 278

Carter, Tim 83

castration 101

Castro, Fidel 81

Catholic Church 113, 120–21, 124

Cavell, Stanley 271

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 40, 47, 75

Centre for the Preparation of the New Age 57

Charisma (television series) 261

Chen Guo 224

Cherniavsky, Michael 34, 38, 42

China, People’s Republic of 6–7, 177–8, 205, 215–18, 222–3, 227

China Qigong Scientific Research Society 219

Christianity 37, 43, 45, 62–3, 78–9, 82, 91–105, 121, 135, 153, 176, 246, 254

Christie, Lance 94

Christmas, William 81

Chryssides, George 104

Church of All Worlds (CAW) 94

Church Universal and Triumphant (CUT) 91, 94–5

Churchill, Winston 166

civil disobedience 224–5

Clayton, Stanley 76

Clinton, Bill 237

Cold Case (television series) 261–5

Cold War 91, 104

collective suicide 16, 20–23, 29, 66–7, 110, 116–20, 124

colonialism 138, 167, 274

Columbo (television series) 278–9

communication 65, 97, 179, 200, 203, 220, 243

communist parties 196, 198, 200, 219

concerned relatives 41, 74–5

Confucian thought 217

conspiracy 4, 34, 43, 47–8, 58, 223, 263

Cook, David 201

Cooke, Wayne 104

Cooper, H. 132–3

Counter-terrorism 132

Cowan, Douglas E. 100

Cracker (television series) 278–9

Craig, S. 174

Crawford, Yolanda 74

Criminal Minds (television series) 256, 261, 265–6

Crummey, Robert O. 31–6, 41, 48

Crusades 135

CS gas 244

CSI (television series) 256–7, 261–5

cult leadership 257–60, 268

cult members seen as victims 260–63, 268

cult status 2, 29–30, 44, 50, 58, 65–7, 98, 110, 176, 205, 223, 235–40, 245, 254–8, 265

cultural memory 259–60, 268

Dalai Lama 178–80

Davidians see Branch Davidian community

Davis, Winston 99, 101

The Day the Earth Stood Still (film) 5, 91–4

Dayan, Moshe 23

de (virtue) 225

dharma 187–8

dharma wheel 215–16, 220

di Angelo, Rio 102, 104

Dieckman, Josef 76

Diem, Ngo Dinh 186, 204–5

di Mambro, Joseph 55–8, 61, 64–5

Donnelly, John 79

Doolittle, Jimmy 153–4

Dosifei, Abbot 34, 36

Duc, Thich Quang 174–5, 186–7, 194, 204, 206

Durkheim, Emile 77–9, 141, 199, 205–7

Ebert, Roger 281

economic deprivation 131, 139, 142

eco-terrorism 133

educational inequalities 140–41

Ehteshami, A. 143

Ein Gedi 18, 22–3

Eliasson, Jan 156

emotions 22, 79, 132, 187, 198, 202, 264–7, 272–88

Eng, Monica 281

Enroth, Ronald 42

epics 153, 155, 162–3

eschatology 92–6, 103–4, 177, 188

esotericism 59–60

Esposito, J. 138

Essenes 14

Evfrosin 36, 40

Ezra, Gideon 165

Fabré-Palaprat, Bernard-Raymond 60

Faludi, Susan 163

Falun Gong 3, 6–7, 205, 215–28

fa-rectification 224

fashen 226

fasting-unto-death 194, 196, 202, 206, 208

see also hunger strikes

fate 46, 49, 77, 104, 113–14, 205, 216, 258

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 7, 40, 235, 238, 241–5

Feodor, Tsar 33–4

Festinger, Leon 95

filmic portrayals of suicide 7, 271–2, 275–7, 287–8

Fischer, A.M. 178–9

Fiske, John 254

Flashpoint (television series) 259, 262–5

flying saucers 91, 95

see also UFO religions

Ford, Richard 102

Foucault, Michel 145

“fourth philosophy” 14

freedom, value of 14, 23, 37, 55, 80–85, 102, 132, 140, 161–7

see also religious freedom

“freedom fighters” 132

Freemasonry 60–61, 67

French Revolution 81, 134, 273

Freud, Sigmund 273, 287–8

Frey, R.G. 78

front organizations 57

Gaghan, Stephen 7, 282

Galilee 12, 14

Garrett, Benjamin C. 244

genocide 44

Gent, Peter 234

“gift of the body” 6

Gill, Dan 18

Girard, René 271–6, 285, 287

Glaister, Dan 284

global community 6, 79–80, 110, 123–4, 132, 145, 155, 174, 179, 187, 189, 194, 196, 206, 282

gnosis 59–60

Goerman, Patricia 98

Golden Way Foundation 58

Goldstein, Baruch 157

government agencies 263–7

Gray, Paul 242

Great Revolt of the Jews (66–73 AD) 11–17, 22, 133

Great Schism in the Russian Orthodox Church 31

Griset, P.L. 132

Guevara, Che 81, 274

Gurr, Ted 142

Gutierrez, F. 141

Guttman, Shmaria 25

Guyana 80, 84

see also Jonestown; Peoples Temple

habitus concept 5, 131, 136–8, 145–6

Hage, Ghassan 163

Halbwachs, Maurice 198

Hale-Bopp comet 100, 102

Hall, John R. 45–51, 64, 66, 119, 235–8

Hamas 134, 145, 157, 160, 196–9

Hamlin, Cynthia 286

hara-kiri 78, 86

Harris, Duchess 82

Harris, Liane 85

Harwell, Jack 236

He Zouxiu 215

Heaven’s Gate 5, 55, 62, 67, 92, 101–5, 254–6

history of 96–100

Heinlein, Robert A. 94

Hernton, Calvin C. 80

Herodion 11, 15, 18

heroes and heroism 1, 3, 5, 11–12, 18–26, 81, 151–7, 160–67, 180, 187, 200, 224, 280

Herz, Alice 202

Hezbollah 134, 139–40, 144, 146, 154, 163–4, 196

Higgens, Stephen 238

hijacking 163–4

Hinduism 176, 188

Hitler, Adolf 134

Ho Chi Minh 274

Hoenig, Sidney B. 19

Hoffman, B. 132

Hongzhi, Li 215–28

honour 1

el-Hoss, Selim 163

Hossack, Geoffrey 237

Hougan, Jim 76

Hubert, Henri 200

Hudson, R. 139

Hughes, Sarah 242

Huguenin, Thierry 60

“human bombs” 156, 159, 198

Humphrey, C.E. (“Chuck”) 104

hunger strikes 6, 176, 178, 224

see also fasting-unto-death

Hunter, S. 142

I AM movement 93

ideology 14, 41–2, 47, 50, 62–7, 132–8, 152, 196, 224, 246

Imawi, Ali 157

immortality, ideas of 42, 48, 200, 280

Independence Day (film) 167–8

India 176, 178, 181, 183, 195–6, 204

Indic religions 176–7, 188

initiation rites 61–2, 67–8

Internet technology 100, 179, 187, 206, 220

Intifada 6, 152, 154–9

Introvigne, Massimo 58, 60, 64

Islam 135, 138–9, 164

Islamic Jihad 157, 160

Islamism 142–3

Israel, State of 152

see also Palestine–Israel conflict

Israeli, Raphael 165

Jackson, Jonathan 81

jataka tales 181

Jerusalem 11–23, 158

Jesus Christ 78, 97, 111–13

see also Second Coming

Jiang Zemin 225

Jihadist ideology 135, 157, 160

Johnston, Bill 237

Jones, George 44

Jones, Jim 4, 40–51, 73–7, 82–5, 253, 256–7

Jonestown 4, 40, 45–50, 62, 73–9, 82–6, 235–8, 253–6

Jongman, A. 133

Joseippon 19

Josephus Flavius 11–23

Jotapata 12

Jouret, Luc 56–8, 64–5

Kabuki, John Baptist 120–21

Kali Yuga 58

kamikaze pilots 152–5

Kant, Immanuel 79

Kapiton (and Kapitonism) 32, 41–2

Karim, Abdul 274

karma 180, 187, 215–16, 221, 225–7

Kataribaabo, Dominic 112, 120–23

Kelly, Colin P. 153

Keyder, C. 142

Khovansky, Prince 34

Kiarostami, Abbas 282

Kibwetere, Edith 112

Kibwetere, Joseph 110–12, 117–21

kidnapping 14, 156

Kim Dae Jung 139

King, George 95–6

King, Martin Luther 74

The Kingdom (film) 7, 277–82

Kissinger, Henry 43

Klosner, Joseph 25

Knights Templar 60–61

Komuhangi, Ursula 111–12

Kopel, David B. 237

Koresh, David 233–40, 243, 257

Koseli, Mutlu 140–41

Krueger, A. 139–40

Kubrzanska, Chaja 77

Kurdish independence movement 195

Lama Sobha 173–81, 187–9

Landes, Richard 100

Lane, Mark 40

Laqueur, Walter 133

“last stand” resistance 19–20, 23

Layton, Carolyn 76

Layton, Deborah 84

Lebanon 140, 154, 163, 196, 200, 206

LeBleu, Conway 234

Leenaars, Antoon 196–7

Letelier, Orlando 82

Lewis, H. Spencer 61

Lewis, James R. (co-editor) 65–6, 100

Li, Q. 140

Lifton, Robert 42, 47–8

Lincoln, Abraham 162

Lindsey, Hal 42, 152

Lotus Sutra 182–5

Luo Guili 223

Macherus 11, 15, 18

McKeehan, Todd 234

macrocosmic relationships 60, 92, 103, 105

Magness, Jodi 20

Mahan, Sue 132

Mahayana 181–3, 188

Malcolm X 44

“male warrior” ideal 152, 163

Maleckova, J. 139–40

Mandela, Nelson 82

Manson, Charles 257

Mao Zedong 134, 217

Marian apparitions see Virgin Mary

Martin, William 42–3

martyrdom 35–6, 73–4, 79, 176, 197–8, 203

psychology of 48

“martyrdom operations” 1, 156–61

martyrdom videos 6, 197–201, 206

martyrologists 203

Masada 2–3, 11–26, 77

historical narrative 16–21

mythical narrative 22–6

site of 13–14

“Masada Plan” 24

Masonic ritual see Freemasonry

mass suicide 1–2, 35, 38–41, 48–9, 74–6, 79, 236–8, 243–6

Mauss, Marcel 200

Mayer, Jean-François 64, 113, 118–20

medals 155, 161, 164

media involvement in suicide 193–208

medical treatment, refusal of 215–16, 222, 225–7

Meerloo, Joost 86

Melton, J. Gordon 40, 93

Mendelsohn, E. 143

microcosmic relationships 60, 92, 103, 105

Migisha, Angelina 111–12, 121

military technology 166–7

millennialism and millenarianism 62–6, 69, 93, 95, 227

Miller, Christine 76

Miller, John H. 162

mimesis 274–5

Miron, Murray 243

mobilization 135, 202

modernity, crisis of 142–4

modernization 138–9, 142–5, 205–6

Moore, Annie 75–6, 83

Mootoo, Leslie 76

Morrison, Toni 77

Moton, Pam 74

Mount Carmel community 2, 233–46

MOVE group 50

Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God (MRTCG) 5, 109–25

murder-suicide 55–9, 67–8, 75–7, 110, 116, 123, 253

Murvar, Vatro 31–2

Muslim communities 5, 134–46, 164–5

on film 271–8, 287

Mutazindwa, Richard 122

Muthukumar 199–201, 204

Mwerinde, Credonia 111–13, 117–18, 121

Naipaul, Shiva 41–4

Napier, Samuel 81

narratives 3–4, 12–16, 19–25, 79–80, 91–4, 153–4, 161, 254–6, 263, 266, 272–4, 277–9

see also storytelling

nationalism and nationalist struggles 6, 24, 138, 143, 152–5, 160, 174, 177–80, 187, 189, 195–6, 206

Neal, Lynn S. 254

Nettles, Bonnie Lu 5, 92–3, 96–104

New Age movement 63, 68

new religious movements (NRMs) 2, 7, 55–8, 65–6, 239

Newport, Kenneth 2, 245

news coverage 239–42

Newton, Huey 44, 73, 81–2, 85

Next Level 92, 96–105

Ngodup, Thubten 178

Nietzsche, Friedrich 276

Nikita “pustosviat” 34

Nikon, Patriarch of Moscow (and Nikonian reforms) 31–8, 42

non-violence 175

Nordheimer, Jon 75–6

norms 135–8, 146, 254, 268

nuclear weapons 152

obedience 99–100, 257, 267

Ohnuma, R. 181

Olcott, Henry Steel 93

Old Believers 2–4, 29–42, 48–51

Omdurman, battle of (1898) 166

Order of the Solar Temple (OTS) 4, 55–69

history, teachings and organizational structure of 57–62

Orientalism 164–7, 276, 287

Ortega y Gasset, José 273, 287

other-worldly sects 46–8

Özkeskin, Ilginç 199–200, 204

Palestine-Israel conflict 155–61, 164

Palmer, Susan J. 62

Pape, Robert 154, 206, 285, 287

Paradise Now 284–7

paramita 181, 183

parents’ killing of their children 77

Partridge, Christopher 93, 95

Payback mission (1942) 153–4

Penik, Artin 195, 202–4

Peoples Forum 83

Peoples Temple 4, 29, 39–51, 55, 62, 73–4, 82–3, 86, 253

persecution 4, 29, 35–41, 47–51, 64, 74, 121–3, 220–4

Peter the Great 36, 39

Pharisees 14

Planet of the Arabs (film) 277

Pol Pot 134

political protest 6, 39, 173–89

political theology 31, 38, 42

politically-motivated suicide 193–208

definition and historical evolution of 193–6

differences from traditional suicide 200

diversity and common-alities in 207–8

impact of 202–7

postcolonial situations 131

poverty 139–41

power, theory of 132–46

Prophet, Clare 94–5

Prophet, Mark 93–4

Pure Land, the 180

qigong movement 216–19, 226–7

Rajaee, F. 143

Ramesh, Pottigari 203

Ramsay, Michael 60

Rancho Santa Fe 100–104, 254

Raskol 31–2, 42, 45

“Reign of Terror” (1793–94) 134, 273

Reilly, Nicky 202

reincarnation, belief in 217, 221, 226

religious freedom, support for 267–8

religious violence 1–2, 57

resistance and resistance movements 5, 11, 14, 18, 20, 31, 36, 48, 59, 73, 80–81, 86, 122, 134, 136, 145, 152, 156, 159–61, 167–8, 179, 198–9, 218

revolutionary suicide 73, 79–86

Rhodes, Odell 76

Richardson, Louise 1

Riecken, Henry 95

rituals 61, 67

of terrorist training 146

Riyadh attacks (2003) 278

Robbins, Thomas 3, 50

Robespierre, Maximilien 273

Roden, George 236

Roller, Edith 84

Roman Empire 11, 14, 17

Romeo and Juliet 271, 275

Romero, Oscar 176

Rooban, Colonel 199

Roosevelt, Franklin D. 153–4

Rosicrucianism 59, 61, 68

Ross, Rick 100, 240, 243

Roswell incident (1947) 91

Roth, Jonathan 18

Roy, O. 143

Russia 2–3, 29

Russian Orthodox Church 31

Ryan, James 162

Ryan, Leo 41, 75, 84

sacrifice notes 196–7, 200, 202, 207

“sacrificers” 200

Sadducees 14

Said, Edward 164, 276–8

Saipan 77

Samson 19, 151–2

Sands, Bobby 78, 196

sangha 186

el Sarraj, Eyad 161

sati 78, 176

Sati, Jamal 198, 200

Saudi Arabia 280–81

Saving Private Ryan (film) 162–3

Schachter, Stanley 95

Schaub, D. 140

Scheeres, Julia 84

Schmid, A. 133

Schuyler, Philip 64

science in Falun Gong 227

Second Coming of Christ 42–3

Second Temple 21–2

Second World War see World War II

sects 113

see also other-worldly sects

The Seekers (UFO group) 95

self-immolation 2, 6, 32, 35–6, 173–89, 194, 206, 216, 218, 222–7

self-sacrifice

as distinct from “ordinary” suicide 207

as media weapon 202–5

September 11th 2001 attacks 155, 193

Sessions, William 243

seventeenth century 29–32

Shaheen, Jack 276–7

Shakespeare, William 275

Shakya, T. 174

shariah law 135

Sharon, Rose O. 84

Shneidman, Edwin 197

Sicarii 14–25, 134

Sidahmed, A. 143

Silke, Andrew 133

Silva, Flavius 15, 18, 21

Simchoni, Y.N. 25

Simon, son of Giora 17, 19

Skomal, Lenore 163–4

Smith, Lacey Baldwin 203

social categorization theory 5

social disintegration 144

sociology 136

Socrates 78

Solar Temple see Order of the Solar Temple

Solovokii Monastery 33

Sophia, Regent of Russia 34–5, 41

Sri Lanka 181

Stack, Steven 199, 206

Stalin, Joseph 134

statues 155

Stephanopoulos, George 244

stereotyping 2–3, 7

Stern, Menachem 17

Stern-Gillet, Suzanne 78

stigma of suicide 77–9

storytelling 7, 254

see also narratives

Sturken, Marita 254, 256

suicide

definition of 78, 85, 193–4

taboo against 199

suicide attacks in war 154–9, 165–7

suicide bombing 1–2, 6, 79, 134, 144, 146, 152, 164, 175, 193–200, 206

suicide notes 198, 203, 217

suicide pilots 153

see also kamikaze pilots

suicide protests 194–5, 202, 205–8, 222

suicide rates 216–18

suicide terrorism 1, 5, 131, 134–8, 141–5, 165

Summit Lighthouse 91–4

survivalism 94

Sutra of the Wise and the Foolish 181

SVU (television series) 257, 264–5

Syriana (film) 7, 281–2

Tamil Tigers 134, 154, 196

Tan Yihui 223

tantric practice 180, 183, 189

Tao-chi 194

Taoism 220

Taste of Cherry (film) 282–4

Taylor, David 96–7

tear gas attacks 241, 244

Telangana movement 195, 203

television coverage of suicide events 7, 239–40, 253–68

Templarism 59–60

terror, history of 272–6

terrorism

characteristics of 133

definition of 132–3

Muslim 5, 134–46, 165

origins of 133–6

training in 146

Tessler, M. 143

“testaments” 6, 56–9, 63, 197–8

Thatcher, Margaret 78

Themopylae 19

theory of mind 277, 282–3, 287

Theosophy 93, 95, 99

Theravada 181, 188

“Third Rome” doctrine 37–8

Thomas, Richard W. 80

Tibet 6, 173–4, 177–81, 187–9

A Timely Message from Heaven 110–15, 118–19

Tolhurst, William 78

torture 4, 35, 40, 44, 75, 77, 217, 223–4, 285

Touched by an Angel (television series) 257–8, 262–5

“transit” 59, 63–7

transnational relationships 135, 140

Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom 183–4

tree of life 62

tribulationism 43, 45

Trinh, Sylvaine 64

Tropp, Harriet 74

Tuhirirwe, C. 120

Turkey 140–41

Turner, Victor 200

Twesigye, Emmanuel 120–21, 124

Tyson, Laura D’Andrea 139

UFO religions 3, 91–6, 99–100, 104

ummah 135

unheimlich 287

Unification movement 50

Urban, Hugh B. 100

Vernadsky, George 30–31, 38

Vespasian, Titus Flavius 12

victimage 7, 272, 285, 287

victimization 261, 263

Vietnam and the Vietnam War 6, 204–5

Virgin Mary, visions of 111–13, 117, 119, 121–2

Vokes, Richard 123–5

Vyg River settlement 49–51

Waco 236–40, 244–6, 254–6

see also Branch Davidian community

Walliss, John 64, 66

war

deaths in 1

imaginings of 167

warring sects 47–8

Waterman, Adam John 82

Wendell, Jaydean 234

Wessinger, Catherine 62–6

Western esotericism 59–60

“white nights” 41, 84, 256, 268

Willis, Steve 233–4

Wojcik, Daniel 103

World War II 91, 104, 152–4, 162, 166

Wright, Stuart A. 245–6

xenophobia 2

xiaoye 225

Yadin, Yigael 25

Yehuda of Gamla 14

Yodfat 12, 18

Zaman, Waheed 199, 201

Zealots 22–3, 134

Zeitlin, Solomon 19

Zell, Tim 94

Zeller, Benjamin E. 101–3

Zenkovsky, Vasily V. 31, 34, 48

Zimmermann, Jack 242

Zionism 24

Zunshine, Lisa 277, 287

Zygmunt, Joseph F. 95, 104