Page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables.
3D printing. See additive manufacturing (AM)
A&P, 142
ABB (Switzerland), 81
additive manufacturing (AM), xiii, 44–5, 47, 81–2, 84, 89, 96–9, 98, 103, 115; definition, 44
ADT, 117
advanced robotics, xiii, 81, 103
Airbnb, xiv, 117, 119, 155, 196
Airbus, xxvi, 15, 17, 46, 89, 102–3, 115–16, 166–70, 168, 212–14; A380, 166, 212–14; OneWeb, xxvi, 15, 17; Zephyr, xxvi
Akerlof, George, 171–2; Akerlof intermediaries, 172
Alcon, xviii
Alibaba (China), xiv, 5, 91, 185; Jack Ma, 91
Alphabet, xvii, xxvn3, 36, 74–5, 91, 117, 174, 180, 223; Eric Schmidt, 155, 223. See also Google
Amazon, xix, xxv–xxvi, 5, 19, 36, 38, 46, 51, 53–4, 66–8, 78, 82, 85–7, 100–1, 103, 105, 111, 117, 121–2, 126, 129, 155, 165, 174, 180–1, 180, 182, 196, 224; Amazon Go, 121, 196; Amazon Local, 196; Amazon Marketplace, xxv, 19, 36, 91, 100, 174, 224; Amazon Prime, 53, 66; Amazon Web Services (AWS), 36, 91; Amazon.com, 51, 196; Blue Origin, xxvi, 17, 68, 103
Anderson, 9
Android Inc., 110
Anheuser-Busch InBev, 150
Anoe, Michele, 45
antitrust considerations, 4, 9, 37, 131, 146, 151, 152–6, 209
Apple, xi, xviii–xix, xxvi, 5, 16–17, 40, 54, 78, 85–91, 100–1, 104–5, 110–12, 114–15, 123–4, 132–7, 154, 165–6, 180, 181, 182, 186–93, 224–5; App Store, 110–12; Apple ecosystem, 100n10, 104–5, 110, 132, 181, 224; Apple Maps, 49, 57, 132, 134, 186–92; Apple Pay, xxvi, 121; Apple’s Home Kit, 117; iOS, 48, 50, 52, 59, 91, 110–11, 135, 164, 186–7, 189–93; iTunes platform, xix, 110–12, 132; Siri, 166; Tim Cook, 91, 100n10
artificial intelligence (AI), xiii, 75, 81, 103–4
asset specificity, xxvii, 105–6, 161–4, 175; definition, 161
asymmetric information, 171–4, 204–7
AT&T, 15, 17, 21, 137–9; U-Verse, 137
attribute-based advantages, 185–6, 197
autonomous vehicles, 50–1, 75–6, 115, 121, 123. See also Local Motors: Olli
backward induction, 203–4, 205–6
Bank of America, 30
Bank of New York Mellon: BKoins, 30
Baresso Coffee, 150
Barnes & Noble, 140–1, 182, 182
Berkshire Hathaway, 26
Bezos, Jeff, 68, 101, 103, 224
Blackberry, xi, 110, 112, 114–15, 124, 141
Blockbuster, 129, 139–40, 180; Wayne Huizenga, 140
blockchain technology, 29–30, 32, 75
blowback to the core, 134, 145–6, 156
BMW, 46–7, 165–6; Breakdown video, 166; Jens Ertel, 47
Boeing, xxvi, 103, 166–70, 168, 185–6, 212–14; 737-NG, 166, 167; 747–8, 166, 213; 787 (Dreamliner), 166, 212–14
Bombardier, 170
BQ (China), 135
Brandenburger, Adam, 35, 86, 200; Co-opetition: A Revolution Mindset, 86
Brannon, Samuel, 81
Canonical Limited (U.K.), 135–6, 180; Mark Shuttleworth, 135; Ubuntu, 135
Caribou Coffee, 150
Carnegie, Andrew, 40, 109, 152, 154
CBS, xix, 40, 65; Sixty Minutes, 40
chain.com, 31
Chase & Sanborn, 142
choice theory, 222
CNET, 172
competitive advantage, xxviii, 22, 35, 39, 53, 57–8, 65, 82–3, 86, 89, 93, 95, 105, 161–3, 166–7, 168, 175, 185–6, 199–200, 224; and strategic control, 22, 33, 39, 57–8, 154
Competitive and Capabilities Maps, 26, 58–62, 61, 69, 87, 93–5, 94, 107
competitive diffraction, 76–8, 85; definition, 77
competitive ecosystem, xxv, 48, 78–107, 88, 224; definition, 224
coopetition, xxviii, 27–30, 82
Costco, 145
criticality, 68
cross-price demand elasticity, 218–19, 222
cross-stage competition, 83, 85–6, 86
Danze, 120
Darius the Great, 215
Delta, 9
Dhar, Ravi, 219
Didi (China), 123
Dish, 65
disintermediation, 89, 109, 116–20, 131; definition, 116
Dollar Shave Club, 119–20; Mark Levine, 119; Michael Dubin, 119
Domino’s Pizza, 46
Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, 150
drones, 17, 46, 49, 50–1, 65, 67, 82, 97, 122–3
Dunkin’ Donuts, 150
eBay, 174
Edison, Thomas, 64
Einstein Noah Restaurant Group, 150; Einstein’s Bagels, 150
Epinions, 172
Espresso House, 150
Essilor (France), 7
experience qualities, 173
Exxon-Mobil, 55
Facebook, xiv, xix, 19–20, 36, 58, 67, 103, 155, 170, 174, 180, 181, 182; Cambridge Analytica, 19, 22
Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 146, 152–3
first-mover advantage, 56, 131, 185–6; and strategic control, 105, 131, 185–6
Flywheel, 115
Folgers, 142
Ford, Henry, 64
FreeMap Israel, 188
game theory, xxvi, xxviii, 25, 198–225; and strategic control, 25, 207, 224
Garmin, 186
GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679), 19, 21, 22
GE, 10–13, 46, 89, 114, 162, 162
Gerber, 120
Gillette, 8
Globe Union, 120, 212; Industrial Corporation (Taiwan), 120
Goldman Sachs
SETLCoin, 30
Google, xiii–xiv, xviii–xix, xxiii–xxvi, 5, 14–19, 17, 21–2, 25, 54, 67, 74–6, 78, 86, 100–1, 103–5, 110–12, 124, 154–5, 164–6, 170, 178, 182, 186–93, 196, 224–5; Android app store, 111–12, 178; Android OS, xxiv–xxv, 14, 18, 91, 104, 110–12, 124, 135–6, 154, 164–5, 187, 190–1, 193; Chrome, 18; Gmail, 18; Google Earth, 187, 191; Google ecosystem, 101, 104–5; Google Fiber, xxiv–xxv, 65, 67, 190; Google Glass, xviii, 104, 171; Google Maps, xxiv, 14, 18, 49, 52, 57, 91, 134, 186–93; Google Nest Hub (Home Hub), xxiv, 67, 117; Google Pay, xxvi; Google Play, 124, 190; Google Traffic, 187; Google Wallet, 18; Google Wifi (OnHub), xxiv, 15; Project Loon, xxv, 190, 196. See also Alphabet
Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (GMCR), 142, 144–51, 148–50, 149; Digital Rights Management (DRM), 147–8, 151. See also Keurig
GT Advanced Technologies (GTAT), 136–7
Hewlett-Packard (HP), 47
Hills Brothers, 142
Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI), 153
Honda Jet, 170
Hudson River Bridge, 3–7, 4, 9, 18–19, 21, 22, 24–5, 33, 37, 51, 54, 55, 58. See also Vanderbilt, Cornelius
IBM, xiv, 115, 141, 154; Watson, xiv, 115
Indian Motorcycle Company, 42–3, 43
Industrial Revolution, xii, 6–7, 152
Instagram, 20
intellectual property (IP), xxv, 5, 6, 25, 27–32, 69, 89–92, 90, 92
internet of things (IoT), xiii, xv, 13, 15–16, 73–4, 81, 103–4. See also interoperability
interoperability, xiii, 13–14, 81; definition, 13. See also internet of things (IoT)
Jacobs Douwe Egberts, 150
Jeppesen, 54, 55, 61, 134, 195–6
Jobs, Steve, xix, 40, 100–1, 123, 224–5
Johns Manville, 26
just in time (JIT) production, 102–3
Kansas Senate Bill 304, 65
Katsuyama, Brad, 113; IEX, 113
Keurig, 142, 144–51, 156; John Sylvan, 142; K-Cup patent, 144–5, 147, 151, 156; K-Cup system, 142, 144–7, 150; Peter Dragone, 142. See also Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (GMCR)
Kidde, 117
Kmart, 190
Kohler, 9
Lafley, A.G., 198
Lean Six Sigma (Japan), 103
Lely (Holland), 82
Lending Club, 29
Lewis, Michael: Flash Boys, 113
Living Social, 165
Local Motors, xiv, 44–7, 82, 87–8, 96–100, 98, 115–16; Jay Rogers, 43–4, 46; Olli, xiv, 115–16; Strati, 45–6, 99. See also autonomous vehicles
Lockheed Martin, xxvi
Macy’s, 143
Maersk, 55
maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) organizations, 167–8, 168
MapQuest, 49, 186–8, 191, 192–3
Marshallian demand elasticity, 217–22, 219, 226; Alfred Marshall, 217
Maxwell House, 142
McGrath, Rita: The End of Competitive Advantage, 35, 199
Meizu (China), 135
Menards, 9
Microsoft, xii, xix, xvi, 15–16, 110–12, 154–5, 181, 182; Bill Gates, xii; HomeOS, xvi, 196; Internet Explorer, 9, 154
Minnetonka Corporation, 32–3, 39, 51, 58, 76, 136
Moen, 9
Monte Carlo analysis, 205, 206
Morrison, David: The Profit Zone, 38, 54
MP3.com, 63; Thomas Robertson, 63
Musk, Elon, xxvi, 91; SpaceX, xxvi, 17; Tesla, 45–6, 91
Nalebuff, Barry, 35, 86, 200; Co-opetition: A Revolution Mindset, 86
Napster, 63
Nationwide, 122
Navtech, 186
Net Neutrality rule, 21
Net2Phone, xiv
Netflix, xix, 66–8, 129–30, 155, 180, 182
Netscape, 154
News Corp., xix
Nokia, 15, 17, 67, 110, 112, 114–15, 123–4, 182, 183, 225
Nucor Steel, 54
Oculus, 171
OpenTable, 188
OTD (own the data) strategies, xxiv, 14, 66–8, 155, 193
OTT (over the top) strategies, 66–7
Owens Corning, 25–7, 122, 212, 214; Mike Thaman, 214
Parkinson, Jay, 41, 87; Sherpaa, 41
patents, xxv, 5, 25, 27, 30, 32, 34, 47, 51–4, 58, 64, 69, 97, 142, 144–7, 151, 156, 183, 195, 225
Patriarch Partners LLC, 192; Lynn Tilton, 192
peer-to-peer (P2P) money transfers, 29–31, 200
Peet’s Coffee & Tea, 150
Pella, 9
Perstorp (Sweden): Hammerplast, 143
Peterbilt, 93
Pfizer, 58
Pret-a-Manger, 150
privacy concerns, data, 14–18, 19–20, 22
Procter & Gamble (P&G), 32, 86, 159–64, 180, 195, 224
proliferation strategy, 110, 112, 123–5, 131, 151, 164
Putsis, William, 63, 139, 219; Compete Smarter, Not Harder, 63, 139
R3CEV, 31
Rand McNally, 186, 189–90, 192–6
reaction elasticity, 218–19, 222
Redbox, 129
Reimann family, 150
residual demand elasticity, 217–22, 219, 226
Rethink Robotics, 81
RIM (Research in Motion). See Blackberry
rivalry, 54–8, 62–6, 69–70, 221; non-rivalrous goods, 54–8, 66; rivalrous goods. See strategic control points: rivalrous
roadblock strategies, 64
Robinson-Patman Act, 152
Rockeller, John D., xix, 5, 40, 64, 76, 108–9, 121, 131, 152, 154. See also Standard Oil
Ryan, Ronan, 113;
IEX, 113
Safilo, 7
Samsung, xi, xviii, xviin9, 54, 110, 112, 123–4, 134, 154, 180, 225; Samsung Pay, xxvi, 121
sand fence strategies, 64, 147; definition, 64
Santayana, George, 64
Schick, 8
Schmalensee, Richard, 124
Schultz, Howard, 143
Scot, Tom, 108
Serling, Rod: Twilight Zone, 201–2
Sheppard, William, 32
Slywotzky, Adrian: The Profit Zone, 38, 54
Softsoap®, 32–3, 37, 39, 51, 53, 55, 85, 136, 185
Southwest Airlines, 167
Standard Oil Company, 5, 64, 108–9. See also Rockefeller, John D.
Starbucks, xv–xvi, 121, 143–4, 146, 151, 156
strategic control points, xviii–xix, xxiv–xxv, xxvii–xxviii, 3–39, 40–69, 76–8, 85, 89–93, 100–1, 104–7, 108–11, 113, 117, 124, 135–7, 145–7, 152–6, 163, 175–6, 182, 185, 189–97, 198–200, 224; definition, 5; distribution/access-based, 7–10, 146, 163; information/data-based, 10–22, 89–91, 189–90; IP and Regulatory Market Access-based, 27–32, 91–2; key manufacturing component-based, 32–4; and mobile-based data, 189–90; negative strategic control, 27; production/capacity-based, 22–5; raw materials and production input-based, 25–7; rivalrous, 35, 39, 54–8, 62–3, 93; strategies to overcome, 109–31
Sun Tzu, 199
Target, 145
Tencent (China), 185
Tesla, Nikola, 64
Theodore, Terry, 68
Time Warner, xix, 21, 182, 182
TomTom, 186
Uber, xiv, xvi, 8–9, 115, 117, 119, 123, 155, 196
Ubuntu, 135
UKHO (U.K. Hydrographic Office), 56, 61, 61
Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 117
unilateral price elasticity. See Marshallian demand elasticity
Universal Robotics (Switzerland), 81
Vacation Rental by Owner (VRBO), 155
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, xix, 3–7, 9, 18–19, 21–2, 24–5, 33, 37–8, 40, 51, 54, 58, 76, 108–9. See also Hudson River Bridge
Verizon Media, 17, 65, 67, 187
vertical incentive alignment (VIA), xviii–xix, xxv, xxvii–xxviii, 37, 105–6, 111–12, 159–68, 168, 175–6, 178–84, 180, 182, 190–2, 194–7, 194, 198, 224–5
Viacom, xix
virtual vertical integration, 163–4; definition, 163
Visual Value Maps, 41–2, 96–9, 98, 102–4, 107
Vogelstein, Fred: Dogfight: How Apple and Google Went to War, xviii, 111
Walmart, 78, 85–6, 121, 145, 159–61, 180, 180, 182, 195, 224
wearable technology, 16–18, 115, 121, 136, 171, 225
Where 2 Technologies, 187; Jens Rasmussen, 187; Lars Rasmussen, 187
Wink, 117
within-stage (silo) competition, 83–5, 84
World Kitchen, 212
Xerox, 141
Yahoo, 111, 154, 180, 191; Yahoo! Maps, 191
Zigbee, 117
Zipcar, xiv
Z-wave, 117