Contents

Note on Quotations and Citations

Introduction

PART I. PLATONISM: A TRADITION OF DIVINITY WITHIN

1. The Kinship of Soul and Platonic Form

Seeing the Good in the Soul

The Other World

Enlarging the Soul

Problems of Intelligibility

Intellectual Vision

2. Identity From Aristotle to Plotinus

Aristotle; Knowledge as Identity with God

Alexander’s Interpretation of Aristotle

Identity in Plotinus’s Hierarchy

Unity and Division

Turning into the Inside

3. Augustine Reads Plotinus

Augustine’s Early Period

A Central Issue in Augustine Scholarship

Augustine on “the Books of the Platonists”

Some Plotinian Readings

In Then Up

Inner Vision and Faith

4. Problems of Christian Platonism

Life-giving Flesh

“Inner Man” Language

Christ in the Heart

Wisdom by Another Name

Ideas in the Mind of God

The Intelligibility of God

The Incomprehensibility of God

Consequences of Nicaea

PART II. AUGUSTINE: INVENTING THE INNER SELF

5. Inward Turn and Intellectual Vision

A Turning of Attention

A Philosophical Project

Problems of Nature and Grace

The Experience of Insight

Education for Vision

6. Explorations of Divine Reason

Who Is Reason?

Ciceronian Point of Departure

Cicero’s Turn to the Soul

The Superiority of Soul in Cicero

Divinity in the Soul before Plotinus

A Program of Education

The Self-examination of Reason

7. An Abandoned Proof

An Astonishing Argument

The Bizarre Identification

Immutable Things in the Mind

A Diagnosis

8. Change of Mind

Inseparably in. the Soul

Voluntary Separation?

Immutable Good Will

Soul as Creature

9. Inner Privacy and Fallen Embodiment

Soul as Mutable

The Varieties of Dualism

Resurrection Avoided Then Accepted

Falling into Division

Original and Final Unity

Locke’s Dark Room

10. The Origin of Inner Space

Memory as Inner World

Places in Memory

The Art of Finding

The Location of the Soul

Powers of the Soul

The Size of the Soul

The Lesson of Geometry

What Is Found in Memory

Conclusion: The Inner, the Outer, and the Other

Appendix 1: Chronology of Augustine’s Writings

Appendix 2: Two Key Texts of Augustine’s Ontology

Notes

Bibliography

Index