References are grouped by chapter or chapter section. In citing the Carnegie Library Correspondence (C.L.C.) the following conventions have been used:
C.L.C., Name of community, Microfilm reel no.,
e.g. C.L.C., Kenora, reel no. 15
When references are to letters or library board minutes held in the community or library archives, the citations are as follows:
Name of community, Library board minutes, date
In order to avoid confusion between the text and the correspondence which has been quoted, place names as they existed during the grant period have been used:
Berlin for Kitchener
Fort William for Thunder Bay
1. George S. Bobinski, Carnegie libraries: their history and impact on American public library development (Chicago: American Library Association, 1969), p. viii.
2. Carnegie Corporation of New York, “List of library bildings in United States, Canada, United Kingdom and other English-Speaking countries” (1913: Revised to 1915).
3. Durand R. Miller, comp. Carnegie grants for library buildings, 1890-1917. (New York: Carnegie Corp., 1943).
1. Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” North American Review, CXLVIII (June, 1889), 653-654; reprinted in Edward C. Kirkland, ed., The Gospel of Wealth and Other Timely Essays (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962).
2. Andrew Carnegie, “The best fields for philanthropy, North American Review, CXLIX (December 1889), 688-689; reprinted in above.
3. Christopher Neale, “The first Carnegie free library,” Unpublished essay (Dunfermline, 1976).
4. Joseph Frazier Wall, Andrew Carnegie, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970), pp. 107-108.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Miller, op. cit. p. 8.
8. The Carnegie Corporation does not include the grant to the library in Nairobi, Kenya, as a building grant. The records of that library indicate that a grant made for other purposes was in fact used for the building, at least in part, and the library is popularly known as the McMillan-Carnegie Library.
9. Robert Lester, Review of grants for library interests, 1911-1935 (New York: Carnegie Corp., 1935), pp. 149-150.
10. Miller, op. cit. p. 8
1. Eric Bow, “The public library movement in nineteenth century Ontario,” Ontario Library Review, LXVI (1982), p. 2
2. Ibid., p. 3.
3. Ibid.
4. Ontario, Department of Education, Report of the Minister (1910), p. 485.
5. 14 & 15 Victoria, Chapter 86, Provincial Statutes of Canada (1851).
6. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit., (1910), p. 485.
7. Bow, op. cit., p. 4.
8. Bow, op. cit., p. 5.
9. 13 & 14 Victoria, Chapter 48, Provincial Statutes of Canada (1850).
10. Bow, op. cit., pp. 9-10.
11. Ibid.
12. Lorne Bruce, “Public library policies in Ontario, 1882-1920,” Unpublished report, Guelph, Ontario, pp. 5-12.
13. 45 Victoria, Chapter 22, Revised Statutes of Ontario (1882).
14. 58 Victoria, Chapter 45, Revised Statutes of Ontario (1895).
15. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1910), p. 486.
16. Bow, op. cit., p. 17.
1. Frank Pierce Hill, James Bertram: an Appreciation, (New York: Carnegie Corp., 1936), pp. 19-25.
2. Ibid., p. 28.
3. Ibid., p. 32.
4. Ibid.
5. Wall, op. cit., pp. 891-892.
6. Hill, op. cit., p. 34.
7. Bobinski, op. cit., p. 31.
8. C.L.C., Hanover, reel no. 13.
9. Hill, op. cit., p. 34.
10. Ibid., p. 62.
1. Miller, op. cit., 40 p.
2. C.L.C., Collingwood, reel no. 6.
3. C.L.C., Windsor, reel no. 34.
4. Ibid.
5. Windsor, Library Board minutes, February 1902. Undated clipping from The Evening Record, included in the Minutes.
6. C.L.C., Windsor, reel no. 34.
7. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1906), pp. 187-319.
8. C.L.C., Collingwood, reel no. 6.
9. Ibid.
10. C.L.C., Guelph, reel no. 13.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. C.L.C., Ottawa, reel no. 23.
14. J. Castell Hopkins, ed., Canadian annual review of public affairs, 1906 (Toronto: Annual Review Pub. Co., 1907), pp. 628-629.
15. C.L.C., Ottawa, reel no. 23.
16. C.L.C., Sault Ste. Marie, reel no. 28.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. A.W. Fisher, “Stafford; centenary of the public library,” Unpublished history (1946), p. 4.
21. C.L.C., Stratford, reel no. 30.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid. It is of interest to note that Barnett’s library interests were more extensive than his work on behalf of the Stratford Library Board. He was a noted bibliophile, and donated his 40,000 volume personal library to the University of Western Ontario in 1918.
24. C.L.C., Cornwall, reel no. 7.
25. Ibid.
26. C.L.C., St. Catharines, reel no. 27.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid. Undated clipping from unidentified newspaper in the St. Catharines correspondence file.
1. C.L.C., St. Thomas reel no. 27.
2. C.L.C., Grand Valley, reel no. 12.
3. C.L.C., Ayr, reel no. 2.
4. C.L.C., Forest, reel no. 10.
5. C.L.C., Hamilton, reel no. 13.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. C.L.C., Brussels, reel no. 4.
10. C.L.C., St. Marys, reel no. 27.
11. C.L.C., Grand Valley, reel no. 12.
12. Alan Ironside, “The Orillia Library,” Anecdotes of Old Orillia (Orillia Historical Society, 1977-78).
13. Ibid.
14. C.L.C., Orillia, reel no. 23.
15. C.L.C., Midland, reel no. 19.
16. Ibid.
17. C.L.C. Guelph, reel no. 13. Undated clipping in Guelph correspondence file.
18. Bobinski, op. cit., p. 104.
19. C.L.C., Walkerton, reel no. 33.
20. C.L.C., Wallaceburg, reel no. 33.
21. C.L.C., Grand Valley, reel no 12.
22. Ibid.
23. C.L.C., Palmerston, reel no. 24.
24. C.L.C., Lucknow, reel no. 18.
25. Ibid.
26. C.L.C., Hanover, reel no. 13.
27. Ibid.
28. C.L.C., Harriston, reel no. 13.
1. C.L.C., reel nos. 1-35.
2. Ibid.
3. C.L.C., Teeswater, reel no. 31. Note the address.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. C.L.C., Kitchener (Berlin), reel no. 15.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. C.L.C., reel nos. 1-35.
13. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1909), pp. 405-406.
14. C.L.C., Tilbury, reel no. 31.
15. C.L.C., St. Thomas, reel no. 27.
16. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1906), p. 233.
17. London Public Library Board minutes, February 6, 1913.
18. Ibid., December 13, 1978.
19. Simcoe Public Library, Archives, Undated letter.
20. Fergus Public Library Board minutes, June 1, 1909.
21. C.L.C., Tavistock, reel no. 31.
22. C.L.C., Tillsonburg, reel no. 31.
23. C.L.C., Dresden, reel no. 8.
24. Ibid.
25. C.L.C., Hanover, reel no. 13.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. C.L.C., Harriston, reel no. 13
29. C.L.C., Grand Valley, reel no. 12.
1. The Citizen, Ottawa (April 30, 1906).
2. Ibid.
3. The Saturday Evening Citizen, Ottawa (April 28, 1906).
4. The Citizen, Ottawa (April 30, 1906).
5. Ibid.
6. The Citizen, Ottawa (May 1, 1906).
7. Ibid.
8. The Citizen, Ottawa (April 30, 1906).
9. The Citizen, Ottawa (May 1, 1906).
10. The Globe, Toronto (April 28, 1906).
11. Ibid.
12. Miller, op. cit., p. 40
13. The Globe, Toronto (April 28, 1906).
14. Ibid.
15. C.L.C., Smiths Falls, reel no. 30.
16. Ibid.
17. Smiths Falls Public Library Board minutes, May, 1906.
18. C.L.C., St. Catharines, reel no. 27.
19. C.L.C., Wallaceburg, reel no. 33.
20. C.L.C., Forest, reel no. 10.
21. Ibid.
22. C.L.C., Picton, reel no. 25.
23. C.L.C., Hamilton, reel no. 13.
24. Skibo Estate, Sutherland, Scotland. Catalogue of Sale (1982).
25. C.L.C., Picton, reel no. 25.
26. C.L.C., Guelph, reel no. 13.
27. C.L.C., Kitchener (Berlin), reel no. 15.
28. C.L.C., Hamilton, reel no. 13.
29. C.L.C., Tavistock, reel no. 31 (Clipping included in file).
30. Hill, op. cit., p. 67.
31. C.L.C., Hanover, reel no. 13.
32. C.L.C., Ingersoll, reel no. 15.
33. C.L.C., Penetanguishene, reel no. 24.
34. Ibid.
35. C.L.C., Ingersoll, reel no. 15
36. C.L.C., Exeter, reel no. 10.
37. C.L.C., Thorold, reel no. 31.
38. C.L.C., Kenora, reel no. 15.
39. Ibid.
40. C.L.C., Stouffville, reel no. 30.
41. C.L.C., Waterloo, reel no. 33.
42. C.L.C., St. Marys, reel no. 27.
43. C.L.C., Clinton, reel no. 6.
44. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1906), p. 222.
45. Ibid., p. 224.
46. Ibid., pp. 224-319.
47. Ibid. (1937), p. 289.
48. C.L.C., New Liskeard, reel no. 21.
49. C.L.C., Orillia, reel no. 23.
50. Ibid.
51. C.L.C., Elora, reel no. 9.
52. C.L.C., Orangeville, reel no. 23.
53. C.L.C., Thorold, reel no. 31.
54. C.L.C., Picton, reel no, 25.
55. C.L.C., Brampton, reel no. 4.
56. Ontario Department of Education, op. cit. (1908), p. 149.
57. Ibid. (1909), pp. 333-334.
58. Ibid. (1910), p. 450.
59. C.L.C., Campbellford, reel no. 5.
60. C.L.C., Waterloo, reel no. 33.
61. C.L.C., Markdale, reel no. 19. Undated clipping in the Markdale file.
62. C.L.C., Norwood, reel no. 22.
63. C.L.C., Kitchener (Berlin), reel no. 15.
64. C.L.C., Renfrew, reel no. 26.
65. C.L.C., Tavistock, reel no. 31.
66. C.L.C., Gravenhurst, reel no. 12.
67. Ibid. Note that Bertram ceased to use simplified spelling after Carnegie’s death in 1919.
68. C.L.C., Stouffville, reel no. 30.
69. C.L.C., Welland, reel no. 34.
1. C.L.C., Toronto, reel no. 32.
2. Ibid. Undated clipping from The Globe (February, 1903), included in Toronto correspondence file.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1906), p. 233.
7. Ibid.
8. The Journal of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. XXVII no. 2 (February, 1950), p. 74.
9. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1906), pp. 233-242.
10. C.L.C., Toronto, reel no. 32.
11. Ibid.
12. C.L.C., Toronto Junction, reel no. 32.
13. C.L.C., Toronto, reel no. 32.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
1. George H. Locke, “Some warnings in regard to planning libraries.” The Journal of The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, III (May-June), 1926).
2. C.L.C., Brussels, reel no. 4. Note that the spelling of building in this letter is not in the simplified form which Bertram used at this date.
3. New York architects Edward Tilton and Henry Whitfield were frequently consulted by Bertram for advice or library layouts. (See Sandra J. Bolek, “Carnegie Libraries in Ohio.” Draft of a history of the Carnegie libraries of Ohio, Cleveland, Ohio, 1982.)
4. C.L.C., Grand Valley, reel no. 12.
5. Ibid.
6. C.L.C., Thorold, reel no. 31.
7. C.L.C., Harriston, reel no. 13.
8. C.L.C., Forest, reel no. 10.
9. Locke, op. cit.
10. C.L.C. Shelburne, reel no. 29.
11. Ibid.
12. C.L.C., Barrie, reel no. 2. Note that Chapman at this date was associated with the firm of Chapman & McGiffen Architects, Toronto.
13. C.L.C., Hespeler, reel no. 14.
14. C.L.C., Brantford, reel no. 4.
15. C.L.C., Sarnia, reel no. 28.
16. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1906), pp. 276-279.
17. There were several editions of “Notes on Library Bildings,” with little difference in the information presented. The title varied: “Notes on the Erection of Library Buildings” was the title on the edition sent to many Ontario Library Boards.
18. It is interesting to note that this is the same percentage for the identical period of Carnegie library construction in the United States.
19. “Notes on Library Bildings.” (New York: Carnegie Corporation, 1911).
20. Ibid.
21. C.L.C., Barrie, reel no. 2.
22. C.L.C., Exeter, reel no. 10.
23. C.L.C., Kemptville, reel no. 15.
24. C.L.C., Grand Valley, reel no. 12.
25. C.L.C., Hespeler, reel no. 14.
26. George H. Locke, “The Toronto Public Libraries.” The Journal of The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, III (May-June, 1926).
1. Phyllis Lambert, “Notes on libraries; development of form and use.” Unpublished report (1981).
2. Alan Gowans, Building Canada: an Architectural History of Canadian Life (Toronto; Oxford University Press, 1966).
3. Douglas Richardson, “A blessed sense of civic excess: the architecture of Union Station.” The Open Gate: Toronto Union Station, ed. Richard Bebout (Toronto: Peter Martin Associates, 1972).
4. Marcus Whiffen, American Architecture, 1607-1976 (Cambridge, Mass.; MIT Press, 1981).
5. Locke, “The Toronto Public Libraries,” op. cit., p. 87.
6. C.L.C., Toronto, reel no. 32.
7. Ibid.
8. C.L.C., Hanover, reel no. 13.
9. C.L.C., Harriston, reel no. 13. A later letter mentions that Binning had gone to Western Canada, and Bertram was asked if Forster and Clarke of Owen Sound could supervise the construction.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. C.L.C., Durham, reel no. 9.
13. C.L.C., Stouffville, reel no. 30.
14. Martin Birkhaus, “Francis Sullivan, Architect.” The Journal of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, XXXIX (March, 1962).
15. Ibid., p. 34.
16. Ibid., p. 32.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
1. C.L.C., Barrie, reel no. 2.
2. C.L.C., Grimsby, reel no. 13.
3. C.L.C., Welland, reel no. 34.
4. C.L.C., Elora, reel no. 9.
5. Ibid.
6. C.L.C., Smiths Falls, reel no. 29.
7. C.L.C., Beaverton, reel no. 3.
8. Ibid.
9. C.L.C., Pembroke, reel no. 24.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Birkhaus, op. cit., 32.
15. C.L.C., Pembroke, reel no. 24.
16. C.L.C., Shelburne, reel no. 29.
17. Ibid.
18. George H. Locke, “How Library ideals affect library architecture.” The Journal of The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, III (May-June, 1926), pp. 89-91.
19. Ibid., pp. 90-91.
1. Windsor Public Library, Archives. Undated clipping.
2. Kitchener Public Library, Archives. Copy of the original specification documents.
3. C.L.C., Guelph, reel no. 13.
4. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1906), pp. 276-279.
5. C.L.C., Collingwood, reel no. 6.
6. C.L.C., St. Marys, reel no. 27.
1. C.L.C., Windsor, reel no. 34.
2. C.L.C., Hanover, reel no. 13.
3. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1906), p. 311.
4. Ibid., p. 300. The Cutter table was a scheme designed by Charles Amni Cutter in 1891 for placing alphabetic entries in numerical sequence. With some modifications this scheme is still in use in today’s libraries.
5. Ibid., p. 306.
6. Ibid., p. 270.
7. Ibid., p. 295.
8. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1909), p. 417.
9. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1906), p. 295.
10. Ibid., p. 304.
11. Ibid., pp. 202-205.
12. Bruce, op. cit., p. 30.
13. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit., (1906), p. 215.
14. Ibid., p. 217.
15. Ibid., p. 215.
16. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1909), p. 334.
17. Bruce, op. cit., p. 30.
18. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1912), p. 545.
1. Sandra J. Bolek, op. cit., p. 5.
2. Ibid., p. 9.
3. Susan Spaeth Cherry, “Carnegies Live, but the Destiny of a Beloved Institution is unfolding in Mixed Triumph and Tragedy,” American libraries, XII (April 1981), pp. 184-188, 218-222.
4. J.G.H. Olle, “Andrew Carnegie: the Unloved Benefactor,” The Library World, LXX (April 1969), pp. 255-262.
1. Alvin S. Johnson, A Report to Carnegie Corporation of New York on the Policy of Donations to Free Public Libraries (New York: Carnegie Corp., 1919). Although copies are available, this report was never officially published.
2. Note that fifteen per cent is in error: the Carnegie Corporation requirement for annual maintenance was ten per cent of the grant amount.
3. Alvin S. Johnson, Pioneer’s Progress: an Autobiography. (New York: Viking Press, 1962), p. 235.
4. Johnson, Pioneer’s progress, p. 238.
5. Ibid.
6. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1909), p. 334.
7. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1906), p. 226.
8. Ibid., p. 252.
9. Ibid., p. 276.
10. William Munthe, American Librarianship from a European Angle: an Attempt at an Evaluation of Policies and Activities (Chicago; American Library Association, 1939), p. 18.
11. Ralph Munn, “Hindsight on the gifts of Carnegie,” Library Journal, LXXVI (December, 1951), p. 1966-1970.
12. Norman Horrocks, The Carnegie Corporation of New York and its Impact on Library Development in Australia: a Case-study of Foundation Influence (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1971), p. 60.
13. Bobinski, op. cit., pp. 191-192.
14. Ibid., p. 192.
15. Olle, op. cit., p. 258.
16. Ibid., p. 261.
17. Ontario, Department of Education, op. cit. (1908), p. 151.