CHAPTER 1
1. Everett V. Stonequist, The Marginal Man: A Study of Personality and Cultural Conflict (New York: Russell & Russell, 1937), 8.
2. Charles Marden and Gladys Meyer, Minorities in American Society (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1968), 44–45.
3. Stonequist, The Marginal Man, 221.
4. H. F. Dickie-Clark, The Marginal Situation: A Sociological Study of a Colored Group (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966), 24, 31.
5. Peter C. Phan, “Betwixt and Between: Doing Theology with Memory and Imagination,” in Journeys at the Margin: Toward an Autobiographical Theology in American-Asian Perspectives, ed. Peter Phan and Jung Young Lee (Collegeville, Minn: Liturgical, 1999), 113.
6. See, for example, Uriah Yong-Hwan Kim, “The Realpolitik of Liminality in Josiah’s Kingdom and Asian America,” Mary F. Foskett and Jeffrey Kuan, eds., Ways of Being, Ways of Reading: Asian American Biblical Hermenuetics (St. Louis: Chalice, 2006), 84–98; Sze-kar Wan, “Betwixt and Between: Toward a Hermeneutics of Hyphenation,” ibid., 137–51; Jung Young Lee, “A Life In-Between: A Korean-American Journey,” in Phan and Lee, Journeys at the Margin, 23–39.
7. bell hooks, Yearning: Race, Gender and Cultural Politics (Boston: South End, 1990), 153.
8. Victor W. Turner, Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1969), 94ff.
9. Ibid., 139.
10. Won Moo Hurh, “Comparative Study of Korean Immigrants in the U.S.: A Typological Study,” in Byong-suh Kim, et al., eds., Koreans in America (Memphis: Association of Korean Christian Scholars in North America, 1997), 95.
11. Won Moo Hurh and Kwang Chung Kim, Korean Immigrants in America: A Structural Analysis of Ethnic Confinement and Adhesive Adaptation (Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1984), 86.
12. Ibid., 89.
13. Turner, Ritual Process, 94–130.
14. Ibid., 95.
15. Victor W. Turner, From Ritual to Theatre: The Seriousness of Human Play (New York: Performance Art Journal Publications, 1982), 28.
16. Turner, Ritual Process, vii.
17. Ibid., 95.
18. William Bridges, Transitions: Making Sense of Life’s Changes (Reading, Mass.: Andover-Wesley, 1980), 199.
19. Turner, Ritual Process, 96.
20. Turner, Drama, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974), 269.
21. Ibid., 68
22. Turner, Ritual Process, 128.
23. Ibid., 128.
24. Ibid., 129.
25. Turner, Drama, Fields, and Metaphors, 243.
26. Bobby C. Alexander, Victor Turner Revisited: Ritual as Social Change (Atlanta: Scholars), 41.
27. Turner, From Ritual to Theatre, 27
28. Ibid., 47
29. Turner, Drama, Fields, and Metaphors, 274.
30. Alexander, Turner Revisited, 23.
31. Turner, Ritual Process, vii.
32. Ibid.
33. Paul Shepard, “Study Says Race Determines Type of Justice Americans Receive,” Asian Week 21, no. 37 (May 17, 2000): 17.
34. Gilbert C. Gee, Michael S, Spencer, Juan Chen, and David Takeuchi, “A Nationwide Study of Discrimination and Chronic Health Conditions Among Asian Americans,” American Journal of Public Health 97, no. 7 (July 2007): 3–4.
35. Kwang Chung Kim and Won Moo Hurh, “The ‘Success’ Image of Asian Americans: Its Validity and Its Practical and Theoretical Implications,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 22 (October 1989): 531.
36. Wesley Woo, “Asians in America: Challenges to the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.),” an unpublished paper, May 1987, 13.
37. Gary Y. Okihiro, Margins and Mainstreams: Asians in American History and Culture (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994), 62.
38. Elaine H. Kim, “Creating a Third Space,” San Francisco Bay Guardian, March 10, 1993.
39. Hurh and Kim, Korean Immigrants in America, 146–49.
40. Joe R. Feagin, Racial and Ethnic Relations (Englewood, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1989), 15.
41. Joe Feagin, “The Continuing Significance of Race: Anti-Black Discrimination in Public Places,” American Sociological Review 56 (February 1991): 115.
42. Derald Wing Sue, et al., “Racial Microaggressions and the Asian American Experience,” Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 13, no. 1 (January 2007): 72–81.
43. Ibid., 72.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid., 73.
46. Ibid., 75–77
47. Gloria Yamato, “Something About the Subject Makes It Hard to Name,” in Margaret Anderson and Patricia Collins, eds., Race, Class and Gender (Belmont, Cal.: Wadsworth, 2001), 91–92.
48. Elaine H. Kim, “Poised on the In-between: A Korean American’s Reflections on Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s Dictee,” in Elaine H. Kim and Norma Alarcon, eds., Writing Self/Writing Nation (Berkeley: Third Woman, 1994), 21.
49. Penelope Washburn, Becoming Woman: The Quest for Wholeness in Female Experience (New York: Harper & Row, 1977), 22, 23, 26.
50. Carol Christ, Diving Deep and Surfacing: Women Writers on Spiritual Quest (Boston: Beacon, 1980), 13.
51. Rita Nakashima Brock, “Interstitial Integrity,” in Roger A. Badham, ed., Introduction to Christian Theology: Contemporary North American Perspectives (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1998), 190–91.
52. Ibid., 187.
53. Inn Sook Lee, Passage to the Real Self: The Development of Self-Integration for Asian American Women (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2009), 105–33.
54. Ibid., 106, 113, 123.
55. Esther Ngan-Ling Chow, “The Feminist Movement: Where Are All the Asian American Women?” in Asian Women United of California, eds., Making Waves: An Anthology of Writings by and about Asian American Women (Boston: Beacon, 1989), 367–68.
56. Kwang Chung Kim and Won Moo Hurh, “The Wives of Korean Small Businessmen in the U.S.: Business Involvement and Family Roles,” in Inn Sook Lee, ed., Korean American Women: Toward Self-Realization (Mansfield, Oh.: The Association of Korean Christian Scholars in North America, 1989), 23.
57. Ibid.
58. Ai Ra Kim, Women Struggling for a New Life (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996), 72–73.
59. Hwain Chang Lee, Confucius, Christ and Co-Partnership: Competing Liturgies for the Soul of Korean American Women (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1994), 12.
60. Ai Ra Kim, Women Struggling for a New Life, 71.
61. Peter Cha and Grace May, “Gender Relations in Healthy Households,” in Peter Chan, S. Steve Kang, and Helen Lee, eds., Growing Healthy Asian American Churches (Downer’s Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2006), 165.
62. Hurh and Kim, Korean Immigrants in America, 73–86.
63. Won Moo Hurh, “Comparative Study of Korean Immigrants in the U.S.,” 95.
64. Ronald Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1988), 75. See also Harry H. L. Kitano and Roger Daniels, Asian Americans: Emerging Minorities (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1988), 2.
CHAPTER TWO
1. Robert L. Cohn, “Liminality in the Wilderness,” in Robert L. Cohn, The Shape of Sacred Space: Four Biblical Studies, AAR Studies in Religion 23 (Chico, Calif.: Scholars, 1981), 22–23.
2. Ernst Lohmeyer, Galiläa und Jerusalem (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1936); R. H. Lightfoot, Locality and Doctrine in the Gospels (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1938).
3. See, for example, Elizabeth Struthers Malbon, “Galilee and Jerusalem: History and Literature in Marcan Interpretation,” Catholic Biblical Quarterly 44 (1982): 242–55; Günter Stemberger, “Galilee—Land of Salvation?” in W. D. Davies, The Gospel and the Land (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974), 409–38.
4. See, for example, Richard A. Horsley, Sociology and the Jesus Movement (New York: Continuum, 1994). Mexican American theologian Virgilio Elizondo pioneered the use of biblical studies on Galilee in a contextual theology. He interprets the meaning of the mestizaje of his people in light of God’s choice of Galileans for God’s special purposes. Elizondo believes that “what the world rejects, God chooses as his very own.” Elizondo, however, does not theorize about the reasons for God’s choice of Galileans. Virgilio Elizondo, Galilean Journey: The Mexican-American Promise (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1983), 53.
5. Sean Freyne, Galilee, Jesus, and the Gospels: Literary Approaches and Historical Investigations (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1988), 78.
6. Horsley, Sociology and the Jesus Movement, 105, 111, 113, 114.
7. Freyne, Galilee, Jesus, and the Gospels, 54.
8. L. E. Elliott-Binns, Galilean Christianity (London: SCM, 1956), 27; Anne Hennessy, The Galilee of Jesus (Rome: Editrice Pontifica Università Gregoriana, 1994), 14–18.
9. In describing the liminality and marginalization of Galilee and Galileans, I am much dependent on the information provided by Freyne, Galilee, Jesus, and the Gospels, and Hennessy, The Galilee of Jesus, in addition to Horsley’s Galilee: History, Politics, and People (New York: Continuum, 1995).
10. Horsley, Galilee: History, Politics, and People, 29, 47.
11. Ibid., 25.
12. Ibid., 71.
13. Ibid., 26–27, 243.
14. Ibid., 147.
15. Ibid., 24.
16. Ibid., 219.
17. William R. Herzog II, Jesus, Justice and the Reign of God: A Ministry of Liberation (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2000), 122–23.
18. James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Of the Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), 1–47.
CHAPTER THREE
1. Jonathan Edwards, “Miscellanies,” No. 104, in The “Miscellanies,” a-500, ed. Thomas A. Schafer, vol. 13 of The Works of Jonathan Edwards (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), 272.
2. Jonathan Edwards, “Concerning the End for Which God Created the World,” in Ethical Writings, ed. Paul Ramsey, vol. 8 in The Works of Jonathan Edwards (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), 433.
3. Ibid., 443, 534. For a fuller discussion of this matter, see Sang Hyun Lee, The Philosophical Theology of Jonathan Edwards (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), esp. 170–210.
4. Jonathan Edwards, “Discourse on the Trinity,” in Writings on the Trinity, Grace, and Faith, ed. Sang Hyun Lee, vol. 21 of The Works of Jonathan Edwards (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 114.
5. Hans Urs von Balthasar, Mysterium and Paschale: The Mystery of Easter, viii, quoted in Margaret M. Turek, Towards a Theology of the Father: Hans Urs von Balthasar’s Theodramatic Approach (New York: Peter Lang, 2001), 106.
6. Ibid.
7. Hans Urs von Balthasar, The Action, trans. Graham Harrison, vol. 4 of Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory (San Francisco: Ignatius, 1994), 323–24.
8. Hans Urs von Balthasar, The Last Act, trans. Graham Harrison, vol. 5 of Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory (San Francisco: Ignatius, 1994), 94.
9. Von Balthasar, The Action, 4:323.
10. Turek, Towards a Theology of the Father, 125.
11. Ibid., 126.
12. Hans Urs von Balthasar, Dramatis Personae: Man in God, vol. 2 of Theo-Drama: Theological Dramatic Theory (San Francisco: Ignatius, 1990), 257 (emphasis mine).
13. Von Balthasar, The Action, 4:324.
14. Hans Urs von Balthasar, Word and Redemption: Essays in Theology 2, trans. A. V. Littledale (New York: Herder & Herder, 1965), 33–34, quoted in Turek, Towards a Theology of the Father, 107.
15. Gregory of Nazianzus, Epistle 101, in Christology of the Later Fathers, ed. Edward R. Hardy, Library of Christian Classics, vol. 3 (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1954), 218.
CHAPTER FOUR
1. Walter Kasper, Jesus the Christ (Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist, 1979), 79.
2. John P. Meier, The Roots of the Problem and the Person, vol. 1 of A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus (New York: Doubleday, 1991), 407.
3. Halvor Moxnes, Putting Jesus in His Place: A Radical Vision of Household and Kingdom (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2003), 46–49.
4. Ibid., 55, 68, 70.
5. Ibid., 53.
6. Moxnes explores other possible reasons why the women followers of Jesus were not asked to leave their homes suddenly as men were (ibid., 98–101).
7. Ross Kraemer, Her Share of Blessings: Women’s Religions among Pagans, Jews, and Christians in the Greco-Roman World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 133.
8. Moxnes, Putting Jesus in His Place, 100.
9. Victor W. Turner, Ritual Process, 128.
10. John P. Meier, Companions and Competitors, vol. 3 of A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus (New York: Doubleday, 2001), 5.
11. Turner, Ritual Process, 132, 137, 140. .
12. Ibid., 129.
13. Moxnes, Putting Jesus in His Place, 129.
14. Ibid., 122.
15. Bruce J. Malina and Richard L. Rohrbaugh, Social-Science Commentary on the Synoptic Gospels (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003), 363, quoted in William R. Herzog II, Jesus, Justice and the Reign of God, 184.
16. Ibid., 213.
17. Ibid., 214.
18. Ibid.
19. Cf. Jürgen Moltmann, The Crucified God: The Cross of Christ as the Foundation and Criticism of Christian Theology, trans. R. A. Wilson and John Bowden (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993 [1974]), 242–43.
20. Ibid., 245.
21. Wonhee Anne Joh, Heart of the Cross: A Postcolonial Christology (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2006), 76–77.
22. Jürgen Moltmann, The Way of Jesus Christ, trans. Margaret Kohl (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993 [1990]), 186.
23. Kasper, Jesus the Christ, 156.
24. Ibid., 145.
CHAPTER FIVE
1. Daniel L. Migliore, Faith Seeking Understanding: An Introduction to Christian Theology, 2d ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004), 183.
2. Ibid., 184.
3. Ibid. See also Bruce McCormack, For Us and Our Salvation: Incarnation and Atonement in the Reformed Tradition, Studies in Reformed Theology and History 1 (Spring 1993).
4. Migliore, Faith Seeking Understanding, 185. See also Philip Quinn, “Abelard on Atonement: ‘Nothing Unintelligible, Arbitrary, Illogical, or Immoral about It,” In Reasoned Faith, ed. Eleanore Stump (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993), 296.
5. Wonhee Anne Joh, Heart of the Cross: A Postcolonial Christology (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2006), 106.
6. Daniel Day Williams, The Spirit and Forms of Love (New York: Harper & Row, 1968), 183.
7. Andrew Sung Park, From Hurt to Healing: A Theology of the Wounded (Nashville: Abingdon, 2004), 11.
8. Wendy Farley, Tragic Vision and Divine Compassion: A Contemporary Theodicy (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1990), 7.
9. Ibid., 8.
10. Ibid., 117.
11. Rita Nakashima Brock, Journeys by Heart: A Christology of Erotic Power (New York: Crossroad, 1996), 26, 67.
12. Wonhee Anne Joh, “Violence and Asian American Experience: From Abjection to Jeung,” in Rita Nakashima Brock, Jung Ha Kim, Kwok Pui-lan, and Seung-Ai Yang, eds., Off the Menu: Asian and Asian North American Women’s Religion and Theology (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2007), 149.
13. Ibid., 146, 156.
14. Joh, Heart of the Cross, 122.
15. Ibid., 121.
16. Park, From Hurt to Healing, 132; Brock, Journeys by Heart, 52; Joh, “Violence and Asian American Experience,” 151.
17. Jonathan Edwards, “Faith,” in Writings on the Trinity, Grace, and Faith, ed. Sang Hyun Lee, vol. 21 of The Works of Jonathan Edwards (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 436.
18. Ibid.
19. Søren Kierkegaard, Philosophical Fragments, ed. and trans. Howard Hong and Edna Hong (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985), 55–110.
20. Park, From Hurt to Healing, 4–7, 16, 105–6.
21. Harold Wells, “Theology of Reconciliation: Biblical Perspectives on Forgiveness and Grace,” in Gregory Baum and Harold Wells, eds., The Reconciliation of Peoples: Challenge to the Churches (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1997), 12.
22. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, ed. John T. McNeill (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1960), III.Iii.1-2, 592–94.
23. Ibid., III.iii.8-9, 600–601.
24. Paul Tillich, Systematic Theology, Vol. 2: Existence and the Christ (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957), 40.
25. On Korean American and African American relations, see, for example, Kwang Chung Kim, ed., Koreans in the Hood: Conflict with African Americans (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).
26. Andrew Sung Park, Racial Conflict and Healing: An Asian-American Theological Perspective (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1996), 41–47.
27. Kwang Chung Kim and Won Moo Hurh, “The Wives of Korean Small Businessmen in the U.S.: Business Involvement and Family Roles,” in Inn Sook Lee, ed., Korean-American Women (Mansfield, Ohio: Association of Korean Christian Scholars in North America, 1985), 19–24.
28. Young I. Song and Ailee Moon, “The Domestic Violence against Women in Korean Immigrant Families: Cultural, Psychological and Socioeconomic Perspectives,” in Young I. Song and Ailee Moon, eds., Korean American Women: From Tradition to Modern Feminism (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1998), 162–63.
29. Fumitaka Matsuoka, Out of Silence: Emerging Themes in Asian American Churches (Cleveland: United Church Press, 1995), 96.
CHAPTER SIX
1. Stuart Hall, “Cultural Identity and Diaspora,” in Jonathan Rutherford, ed., Identity: Community, Culture, Difference (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1990), 226, 225.
2. Calvin O. Schrag, The Self after Postmodernity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), 21, 60.
3. Ibid., 58.
4. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts (London: Routledge, 1998), 120.
5. Homi Bhabha, “Culture’s In-Between,” in Stuart Hall and Paul de Gay, eds., Questions of Cultural Identity (London: Sage, 1996), 54.
6. Homi Bhabha, The Location of Culture (London: Routledge, 1994), 56.
7. Bhabha, “Culture’s In-Between,” 58.
8. Ibid., 54.
9. Bhabha, The Location of Culture, 56.
10. Gary Y. Okihiro, Margins and Mainstreams: Asians in American History and Culture (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994), 171, 174.
11. Ibid., 175.
12. Gale A. Yee makes a similar point about this photograph. See her essay “ ‘She Stood in Tears amid the Alien Corn’: Ruth, the Perpetual Foreigner and Model Minority,” in Rita Nakashima Brock, Jung Ha Kim, Kwok Pui-Lan, Sung Ai Yang, eds., Off the Menu: Asian and Asian North American Women’s Religion and Theology (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2007), 60 n.62.
13. Fumitaka Matsuoka, Out of Silence: Emerging Themes in Asian American Churches (Cleveland: United Church Press, 1995), 62.
14. Rita Nakashima Brock, “Interstitial Integrity: Reflections toward an Asian American Woman’s Theology,” in Roger A. Badham, ed., Introduction to Christian Theology: Contemporary North American Perspectives (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1988), 191.
15. Rita Nakashima Brock, “Cooking Without Recipes: Interstitial Integrity,” in Rita Nakashima Brock, et al., eds., Off the Menu, 140.
16. Brock, “Interstitial Integrity,” in Badham, ed., Introduction to Christian Theology, 191.
17. Ibid., 190.
18. Ibid.
19. Stephen Crites, “The Narrative Quality of Experience,” Journal of American Academy of Religion 39, no. 3 (September, 1971): 302, 303.
20. Fred B. Craddock, “The Letter to the Hebrews,” in Hebrews, James, 1 & 2 Peter, 1, 2, & 3 John, Jude, Revelation, vol. 12 of The New Interpreter’s Bible (Nashville: Abingdon, 1998), 137.
CHAPTER SEVEN
1. Victor Turner, The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), 132; Victor Turner and Edith Turner, Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture: Anthropological Perspectives (New York: Columbia University Press, 1978), 252.
2. Turner, The Ritual Process, 137.
3. Ibid., 139.
4. Turner and Turner, Image and Pilgrimage, 252.
5. Turner, The Ritual Process, 129.
6. Ibid., 139.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., 132.
9. Victor Turner, Dramas, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996), 250.
10. Avery Dulles, S.J., Models of the Church (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1974), 45–46.
11. Won Moo Hurh and Kwang Chung Kim, Korean Immigrants in America: A Structural Analysis of Ethnic Confinement and Adhesive Adaptation (Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1984), 129–37.
12. Robert L. Moore, “Ministry, Sacred Space, and Theological Education: The Legacy of Victor Turner,” The Chicago Theological Seminary Register 75, no. 3 (Fall, 1985): 6.
13. Ibid., 5.
14. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, ed. John T. McNeill (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1960), IV.1.9, 1023.
15. See William R. Herzog II, Jesus, Justice, and the Reign of God: A Ministry of Liberation (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2000), 111ff.
16. Ibid., 213–14.
17. Peter Cha, “Journey of Reconciliation and Justice,” unpublished paper, 6.
18. Peter Cha, “A Church for the Misfit and Marginalized: An Interview with David Gibbons,” unpublished paper, 1–3.
19. On this point, I found helpful the following: Rosita Dean Mathews, “Using Power from the Periphery: An Alternative Theological Model for Survival in Systems,” in Emilie M. Townes, ed., A Troubling in My Soul: Womanist Perspectives on Evil and Suffering (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1993), 92–107.
20. “A Church for the Misfit and Marginalized,” 9.
21. Ibid., 10.
22. For the full account of the Oak Park story, see Russell Jeung, “Faith-Based, Multiethnic Tenant Organizing,” in Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, ed., Religion and Social Justice for Immigrants (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2007), 59–73.
23. See, for example, Ai Ra Kim, Women Struggling for a New Life: The Role of Religion in the Cultural Passage from Korea to America (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996), 72–73; Inn Sook Lee, Passage to the Real Self: The Development of Self-Integration for Asian American Women (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2009), 41.
24. Peter Cha, S. Steve Kang, and Helen Lee, Growing Healthy Asian American Churches: Ministry Insights from Groundbreaking Congregations (Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP, 2006), 42.
25. Jung Ha Kim, Bridge-Makers and Cross-Bearers: Korean-American Women and the Church (Atlanta: Scholars, 1997), 108.
26. See James C. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990).
27. Elaine H. Kim, “Poised on the In-Between: A Korean-American’s Reflections on Teresa Hak Kyung Cha’s Dictee,” in Elaine H. Kim and Norma Alarcon, eds., Writing Self/Writing Nation (Berkeley: Third Woman, 1994); Penelope Washbourn, Becoming Woman: A Quest for Wholeness in Female Experience (New York: Harper & Row, 1977); Carol Christ, Diving Deep and Surfacing: Women Writers on Spiritual Quest (Boston: Beacon, 1980); Inn Sook Lee, Passage to the Real Self, 57ff.
28. Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins (New York: Crossroad, 1986), 320.
29. Ibid., 332.
30. Ibid., 323.
31. From a phone conversation with Pastor Kim, July, 2009.
32. From a conversation with several Caucasian members of the church, April, 2009.
33. Jacob Milgrom, “Holy, Holiness, OT,” in The New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, vol. 2 (Nashville: Abingdon, 2007), 850.
34. Alister E. McGrath, Christian Theology: An Introduction (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997), 488.
35. See John H. Elliott, A Home for the Homeless: A Sociological Exegesis of 1 Peter—Its Situation and Strategy (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1981), 122, 127.
36. Edward Farley, Ecclesial Man: A Social Phenomenology of Faith and Reality (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1975), 158; Mark Kline Taylor, Remembering Esperanza: A Cultural-Political Theology for North American Praxis (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1990), 206.
37. Ibid., 205.
38. Fumitaka Matsuoka, Out of Silence: Emerging Themes in Asian American Churches (Cleveland: United Church Press, 1995), 96.
CHAPTER EIGHT
1. See Lisa Lowe, Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics (Durham: Duke University Press, 1996), 60ff.
2. H. Richard Niebuhr, The Meaning of Revelation (New York: Macmillan, 1962), 116.
3. Mark Kline Taylor, Remembering Esperanza: A Cultural-Political Theology for North American Praxis (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1990), 199.
4. Anselm Kyungsuk Min, Solidarity of Others in a Divided World: A Postmodern Theology after Postmodernism (New York: T&T Clark, 2004), 139.
5. Ibid., 141.
6. Ibid., 85, 124, 128.
7. Ibid., 230, 144.
8. John B. Cobb, Resistance: The New Role of Progressive Christians (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2008).
9. Virgilio Elizondo, Galilean Journey: The Mexican-American Promise (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1997), 120.
10. Leander E. Keck, “Matthew,” in New Testament Articles, Matthew, Mark, vol. 8 of The New Interpreter’s Bible (Nashville: Abingdon, 1995), 176.
11. Leroy S. Rouner, In Pursuit of Happiness (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1995).
12. See, for example, The Miscellanies a-500, ed. Thomas A. Schafer, vol. 13 of The Works of Jonathan Edwards (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), nos. 87, 106.
13. Albert Camus, Lyrical and Critical Essays (New York: Vintage, 1970), 101–2; idem, The Plague (New York: Knopf, 1968), 232.
14. Miroslav Volf, Exclusion and Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity, Otherness, and Reconciliation (Nashville: Abingdon, 1996), 134, 135–36.
15. See Joanne Doi, “Tule Lake Pilgrimage: Dissonant Memories, Sacred Journey,” in Jane Iwamura and Paul Spickard, eds., Revealing the Sacred in Asian and Pacific America (New York: Routledge, 2003), 273–89.
CHAPTER NINE
1. Fumitaka Matsuoka, The Color of Faith: Building Community in a Multiracial Society (Cleveland: United Church Press, 1998), 2.
2. James H. Cone, God of the Oppressed (New York: Seabury, 1975), 238, 243.
3. Miroslav Volf, Exclusion and Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity, Otherness, and Reconciliation (Nashville: Abingdon, 1996), 110.
4. John W. de Gruchy, Reconciliation: Restoring Justice (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002), 26.
5. Volf, Exclusion and Embrace, 201.
6. Ibid., 213–14, 218, 224.
7. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, ed. John T. McNeill, The Library of Christian Classics XX (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1960), III. Xvi. 1
8. Volf, Exclusion and Embrace, 129.
9. Ibid., 141–42.
10. Ibid., 142
11. Ibid., 143.
12. Ibid., 165
13. A white male seminary intern working at the church.
14. Jin S. Kim, “A Story of the Church of All Nations,” PC (USA)/ Multicultural Congregational Support, May 5, 2009; Heather Roote Faller, “Spirit Moves in Multicultural Ways: Becoming a Church of All Nations,” inSpire (Fall 2008/Winter/Spring, 2009): 33.
15. Conversation with Jin S. Kim, May 2009
16. Joanne Doi, “Tule Lake Pilgrimage: Dissonant Memories, Sacred Journey,” in Revealing the Sacred in Asian and Pacific America, ed. Jane Naomi Iwamura and Paul Spickard (New York: Routledge, 2003), quoting Victor Turner, “Death and the Dead in the Pilgrimage Process,” in Religious Encounters with Death, ed. Frank E. Reynolds and Earl H. Waugh (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1977), 38–39.
CHAPTER TEN
1. See Paul Ramsey, “Appendix III. Heaven Is a Progressive State,” in Ethical Writings, ed. Paul Ramsey, vol. 8 of The Works of Jonathan Edwards (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), 706–38.
2. Jonathan Edwards, “The End for Which God Created the World,” in ibid., 8:443, 536.
3. Ibid., 8:433.
4. Ramsey, “Appendix III. Heaven Is a Progressive State,” in ibid., 8:723.
5. Ibid., 8:720–24.
6. Daniel L. Migliore, Faith Seeking Understanding: An Introduction to Christian Theology, 2d ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004), 339.
7. Benjamin Reist, Theology in Red, White, and Black (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1975), 183.
8. Albert Camus, The Plague (New York: Vintage International, 1991), 224.
9. Jürgen Moltmann, The Theology of Hope, trans. James W. Leitch (New York: Harper & Row, 1967), 21.