Jackson, C. D., 285, 308, 324, 339, 340, 342
Japan, 49, 60, 61, 218, 222, 287, 342, 354, 361, 372, 440, 513, 547
Japanese Peace Treaty, 289
JCS (Joint Chiefs of Staff), 219, 269, 294, 311, 345, 363, 371, 376, 377, 381, 383, 440, 454, 482, 484, 498, 502, 503, 507, 547
and atomic weapons, 224, 369, 379, 453, 478
and B-70 bomber, 495
and Berlin, race for, 195
bickering among, 243–44
and Formosa, defense of, 374
and nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, 479
preoccupations of, 460–61
and Soviets, all-out attack on, 478
and Soviet threat, 225
JCS 1067 (Joint Chiefs of Staff Paper #1067), 213
Jeanne d’Arc, 362
Jenner, William, 330
Jodl, Alfred, 198–200
Johnson, Clarence (“Kelly”), 378
Johnson, Louis A. (secretary of defense), 245
Johnson, Lyndon B., 298, 310, 331, 383, 441, 442, 447, 451, 452, 523, 535, 567, 575
Great Society of, 544
health of, 528
Nixon blasted by, 564–65
personality of, 557
as President after Kennedy assassination, 557–58
as running mate to John Kennedy, 521, 522
and Vietnam, 558–63
Johnson Administration, 561, 563
Johnsons, the, 540
Johnston, Olin, 447
Joint Chiefs of Staff. See
JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff Paper #1067. See JCS 1067
Joint Committee (congressional) on Atomic Energy, 505
Jones, W. Alton (Pete), 239, 259, 523–24, 535, 540, 555
Jordan, 421, 423, 424, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469
Joyce, Kenyon, 56
Jupiter (IRBM), 410
Justice Department (U.S.), 335, 408, 415, 441, 444
Civil Rights Division, 445
Kadar, Janow, 430
Kaesong sanctuary (Korea), 302–3
Kaiser of Germany, 152
Kasserine Pass (Tunisia), 93–94, 95
Kefauver, Estes, 399, 419, 522
Kennan, George F., 226
Kennedy, Joe, 521
Kennedy, John F., 437, 438, 482, 500, 501, 519, 522, 523, 524, 537, 540, 551, 558
assassination of, 557
and Bay of Pigs fiasco, 553–54
elected President, 528
and moon, race to, 554
and Nixon debates, 526
nominated for President by Democrats, 521
physical condition of, 527
preinaugural meeting with, 530–532
and Vietnam, 556
Kennedy Administration, 551
Keyes, Geoffrey, 26
Khrushchev, Nikita, 386, 390, 391, 466, 469, 497, 505, 507, 543
and B-52 bomber, 451
and Berlin crisis, 481–82, 484, 485, 487
and Cuba, 516
and nuclear test ban, 457–59, 470–71, 486, 504
and Open Skies, 393
power of, 392–93
and Soviet missile capability, 506
Stalin denunciation speech of, 414
Twentieth Party Congress speech of, 415, 422
and U-2 crisis, 508–15
U.N. speech of, 492–93
Killian, Dr. James R., 377, 378, 453, 458, 462, 470, 477
King, Ernest J., 66, 71, 113, 142
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 408, 445
Kirk, Alan G., 138
Kirk, Grayson, 241
Kissinger, Henry, 471, 575, 576
Kistiakowsky, Dr. George, 476–77, 501, 504, 505, 522
after U-2 crisis, 514–15
Knighton, William, 500–501, 538
Knowland, William, 330, 334, 349, 350, 365, 370, 375, 383, 384, 399, 402, 403, 427, 442, 462, 465, 474
Korea, 222, 270, 277, 291, 296, 305, 314, 322, 333, 342, 364, 373, 376, 377, 383, 393, 427, 436, 544, 547, 552, 560, 573
armistice in, 325, 330–31, 332, 358, 363, 374–75, 379
Communists in, 294, 302, 303, 313, 324, 327, 328, 330, 357
divided, 385
stalemate in, 312
See also North Korea; ROK; South Korea
and Chinese, 251, 295, 302–3, 324, 327–29
and defense spending, 321
divisiveness of, 363
Eisenhower pledge on, 285–86
excess-profits tax, 319
taxes tied to, 319
Krock, Arthur, 505
Krout, John, 241
Labour Party, in Britain, 255
Land, Dr. Edwin H., 377–78, 452
Landon, Alf, 46
Langer, William, 337–38
Latin America, 332, 435, 474–75, 497, 498, 533, 547
See also Central America; South America
Laurence, David, 399
Lawrence, Dr., 452
Lear, Ben, 57
Lebanon, 465, 466, 467–68, 469, 479
Lee, Ernest R. (“Tex”), 57, 58, 79, 117, 187, 213
Lee, Robert E., 23, 183, 378, 379, 380, 439
Leigh-Mallory, Trafford, 121, 123, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 203
Letters to Mamie (John Eisenhower), 212
Levittown, 489
Lincoln, Abraham, 207, 439, 572
Lindbergh, Charles, 518
Lippmann, Walter, 317
Literary Digest, 46
Little Rock (Ark.) crisis, 368, 445, 446–48, 450, 453, 457, 471, 546, 548
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 266, 270, 271, 275, 289, 365, 427, 467, 469, 492, 493, 566
as Eisenhower’s campaign manager, 261, 262–64
as spokesman for East Coast Republicans, 260
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 523
Los Angeles, 386
Louis XV, King of France, 165
maneuvers, 57
Lovett, Robert, 458
Luce, Clare Boothe, 287
Luce, Henry, 518
Lucy, Autherine, 407, 408, 409
Ludendorff, Erich, 152
Lunik II, 492
MacArthur, Douglas, 52, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 72, 91, 114, 129, 171, 209, 221, 239, 249, 473, 552
as Chief of Staff, 43–44, 46–47
congratulatory letter from, 48
and controversy, 47
in Philippines, 49–51
political ambitions of, 46, 47
relationship with, 44–45
staff of, 71
McAuliffe, Anthony, 175
McCarthy, Eugene, 563
McCarthy, Joseph R., 47, 259, 286, 330, 368, 552, 574
anti-Communist crusade of, 306–307, 309, 316–18, 348, 349
censure of, 379
vs. Eisenhower, 306–9, 316–18, 347–53, 364–67, 542
and executive privilege, 364–67
Marshall attacked by, 269, 276, 282–83
and Oppenheimer case, 341, 351–352
“slip of the tongue,” 284
See also Army-McCarthy hearings
McCarthyism, 307, 308, 309, 349, 351
McCloy, John J., 458
McCone, John, 470, 471, 477, 502, 505, 517
McElroy, Neil, 470, 478, 483, 495
McKay, Douglas, 290
McKeogh, Michael J. (“Mickey”), 56–57, 58, 64, 79, 117, 170
McKinley, William, 542
Macmillan, Harold, 422, 469, 471, 490, 491, 504, 505, 507, 512, 513, 531
on fruits of victory, 97
and U.S. intervention in Lebanon, 467–68
McNarney, Joseph, 25
Mafia, 499
Maginot Line, 52
Malenkov, Georgi, 323
Malenkov, Nikolai, 386
Manchester Union-Leader, 230
Manchuria, 303
Mandate for Change (Dwight Eisenhower), 552
Mann, Woodrow Wilson, 447
Mansfield, Mike, 559
Mansfield (Tex.), 417
Marine Corps (U.S.), 223, 243, 461, 466, 467, 469, 475, 483
Markel, Hazel, 451
Market-Garden plan, 164–65, 166, 167
Marlborough, First Duke of, 206
Marshall, George C., 58, 69, 98, 99, 120, 121, 126, 129, 130, 131, 142, 150, 151, 153, 168, 171, 183, 185, 197, 207, 210, 214, 218, 221, 222, 223, 248, 257, 280, 552
abilities of, 115
background of, 45
as Chief of Staff, 113
and Darlan Deal, 86
and D-Day, 141
and Eisenhower furlough, 117–18
and ETO commander, 70–71
and European Recovery Program, 326
and France, breakthrough in, 154
funeral for, 297
genius of, 40
and German recovery, 227
and global strategy, 67
and Italy, invasion of, 108, 110–111
leadership of, 62–63
and Louisiana maneuvers, 57
Joseph McCarthy’s attacks on, 269, 276, 282–83
and North African invasion, 76, 77
and Overlord commander, 114
and Pacific strategy after Pearl Harbor, 60–61
paragraph on, 282–84
and Patton slapping incident, 106, 117
praise from, 201–2
on promotions, 64–65
recommendations of, 65–66
resigns as Chief of Staff, 219
and Roundup, 68
and Sicily, invasion of, 103, 104
and Soviets, 227
subordination to, 209
and Tunisian campaign, 93, 94, 97
and unity of command, 89–90, 91
Marshall, John, 368
Marshall Plan, 227, 232, 233, 269, 323
Matsu, 373, 374, 375, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 548
Maytag, L. B., 259
Meade, George, 439
Meany, George, 386
Mediterranean campaign, 86–87, 91, 97–99, 119, 202, 203, 421, 430, 432, 466, 495
Memoirs (Grant), 237
Mendes-France, Pierre, 370
Meuse River, 170, 172, 173, 174, 180
Michigan, 432
Middle East, 320, 414, 435, 436, 457, 459, 474, 492, 511, 523, 545, 575, 576
crisis in, 415–17, 420–22, 423–434, 465–69
Middleton, Troy, 170, 171, 172
Miller, Merle, 210
Milwaukee speech, 282–84
Mississippi, 440
Moaney, John, 258, 292, 299, 316, 487, 535, 555
Mohr, Charles, 525
Montgomery (Ala.), 408
Montgomery, Bernard Law, 75, 116, 117, 123, 130, 168, 171, 181, 217, 378, 439, 551, 574
and Afrika Korps, 95
and Battle of the Bulge, 173, 174, 175, 177–80, 203
and Berlin, race for, 182, 192, 193, 194, 195
and D-Day decision, 137, 138, 139
vs. Eisenhower, 144–45, 146–48, 155–57, 158, 159, 162–65, 166, 167, 176–80
and final offensive of war, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188
and France, breakthrough in, 153–54
and Italy, invasion of, 109, 110
and Market-Garden plan, 164, 167
vs. Patton, 156, 158, 163, 180–81
personality of, 144–45
physical appearance of, 69
praise for, 160–61
pressures on, 158
promotion of, 161
on Rommel, 132–33
and Sicily, invasion of, 104–5
on Soviets, 226
and Tunisian campaign, 95
weaknesses of, 158–59
Moos, Malcolm, 536
Morgan, Edward, 418
Morgan, Reginald, 212
Morrison, Herbert, 258
Mortain (France), 150
Mossadegh, Mohammed, 331–33
Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 69–70, 74, 75, 422
“Mr. X” article (Kennan), 226
MSA (Mutual Security Assistance), 322–23, 333, 334, 363
Mueller, Merrill, 106
Mundt, Karl, 349
Murphy, George, 297
Murrow, Edward R., 204
Muslims, 84
Mutual Security Assistance. See MSA
Nagy, Imre, 422, 423, 428, 430, 434
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 463, 510, 554
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 415, 416, 420, 426, 427, 428, 465, 466
as target, 468–69
Nation, The, 458
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. See NASA
National Association of Automobile Dealers, 386
National Defense Act, 242
National Guard, 461
Nationalist China, 334, 374, 375
National Parks, 546
National Security Council. See NSC
National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, 414
National Wilderness Areas, 546
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 232, 259, 261, 265, 269, 274, 289, 302, 303, 332, 363, 434, 456, 523, 547
commander of, 249–57
Council of Ministers, 250, 263
and French, 250, 256, 357, 425
and German rearming, 250–51, 254, 256, 257–58, 362, 370, 372, 379, 490
and German reunification, 392
and Indochina, 371
and MSA, 322
and nuclear test ban, 457
and Republican Old Guard, 272
and SEATO, 362
and Soviet propaganda, 339
and split between East and West, 513
and Suez crisis, 431
and Truman’s containment policy, 273
U.S. contribution to, 495
and U.S. defense spending, 312
and U.S. nuclear arsenal, 334, 476
and U.S. redeployment, 531
and Warsaw Pact, 428
Navy (U.S.), 64, 137, 248, 313, 369, 376, 410, 419, 450, 462, 494, 495, 517
and Far East crisis, 373–75
“Revolt of the Admirals,” 242–43
Nazis, 72, 97, 135, 151, 152, 189, 204, 250, 254, 333, 512, 576
and denazification, 213–15
Negroes, 367, 406, 408, 409, 414, 418, 444, 445, 541
and civil rights, 440–42
and desegregation, 335–36
in Little Rock, 446–48
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 327–28
Nelson, Viscount Horatio, 432–33
New Deal, 46, 269, 297, 337, 502, 545, 552
New Frontier, 539
New Hampshire, 264, 265, 270, 563
New Republic, The, 291
Newsweek, 306
New Yorker, The, 397
New York Herald Tribune, 292, 301, 399
New York Post, 278
New York State, 266, 417, 474, 500
New York Times, The, 26, 57, 207, 215, 218, 284, 292, 307, 348, 415, 441, 504, 511, 538, 576
New Zealand, 61, 361, 368, 371, 429
Nixon, Richard, 248, 259, 271, 276, 286, 352, 361, 363, 449, 456, 466, 518, 556, 557, 561, 568, 575, 576
acceptance speech of, 274
and Sherman Adams crisis, 465, 472
and Castro problem, 516
debates with Kennedy, 526
defeated for Presidency, 528–29
difficulties after Eisenhower’s heart attack, 396–97
and Eisenhower, relationship with, 279–82, 404–5, 480–81, 519–20, 524–28, 565–66
elected President, 569
and executive privilege, 364
feelings of, 574
and Governors’ Conference speech, 387–88
and Hungarian refugees, 435
Lyndon Johnson blast against, 564–65
and Joseph McCarthy strategy, 308–9
memoirs of, 527
nominated for Presidency, 500–501
nominated as vice-presidential candidate, 416
partisanship of, 521
as potential running mate, 272–273, 399, 400, 401–5
on Republican platform, 522–23
as running mate, 412–14
secret trust fund of, 278–80, 284
as successor to Presidency, 480–481
and Watergate, 364
Nixon, Tricia, 569
Norman, Ruby, 28
cemetery in, 129
and D-Day, 124, 126, 133, 134, 140, 141
Norstad, Lauris, 252
and Darlan Deal, 83–86
invasion planned, 75–76
map of, 100–101
See also Tunisia
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. See NATO
North Carolina, 442
Northern Hemisphere, 478
Northern Ireland, 67
North Korea, 248, 294, 295, 327, 357
North Vietnam, 371, 372, 377, 379, 545, 558, 559, 562, 563
NSC (National Security Council), 311, 333, 356, 369, 382, 396, 399, 461, 514, 518
and atomic weapons, 362, 377, 379
and Bay of Pigs fiasco, 553
and French Indochina, 363
and Hungarian freedom fighters, 423, 428
and ICBMs, 505
and Southeast Asia, 358
and Titan missiles, 460
and Vietnam, 362
OAS (Organization of American States), 498, 499, 538
Okinawa, 328
Oklahoma, 286
O’Mahoney, Joseph, 442
On War (Clausewitz), 40
OPD (Operations Division), 66, 71
Open Skies (proposal), 392–93, 507, 509, 543
Operation Cobra, 148–51
Operation Deadline, 471
Operation Rolling Thunder, 558
Operations Division. See OPD
Oppenheimer, Dr. J. Robert
article on “Atomic Weapons and American Policy,” 338
charges against, 340–41
and Joseph McCarthy crusade, 341, 351–52, 353, 355, 356, 365, 366
and Operation Candor, 342
top-secret clearance, withholding of, 341, 351–52, 355
Oregon, 259
Organization of American States. See OAS
OSS, 332
Overlord, 113, 119, 120, 122, 123, 128, 131, 138, 233, 242, 256, 274, 275, 287, 572
and air superiority, 121, 124, 137
bombers for, 126
bureaucracies for, 127
challenges of, 115
Eisenhower appointed to command, 114
and foot soldiers, 129–30
ground forces for, 137
landing craft for, 124
personnel selection for, 116–17
scope of, 141
success of, 142
Pacific
nuclear tests in, 410
redeployment to, 205
strategy after Pearl Harbor, 60–61
See also South Pacific
Pact of Amman, 423
Pakistan, 371
Panzerfaust, 157
summit at, 494, 504–5, 507, 508, 513–14, 517
Past Forgetting: My Love Affair with Dwight D. Eisenhower (Summersby), 212
Patton, George S., Jr., 38, 77, 81, 88, 103, 109, 126, 129, 130, 147, 155, 159, 164, 171, 183, 203, 207
and Ardennes counteroffensive, 170
background of, 36–37
and Battle of the Bulge, 172–74, 178
and Berlin, race to, 196
congratulatory letter from, 42
and denazification, 214–15
discipline of, 95
on execution, 87
and Falaise pocket, 151
and France, breakthrough in, 154, 157
friendship with, 36–37
and gasoline shortage, 161–62
on infantry aggressiveness, 42
irresponsible talk of, 216
on Montgomery, 180–81
vs. Montgomery, 156, 158, 163, 180–81
personality of, 36–37, 131–32, 167
at Rhine River crossing, 182, 184, 186, 188
and Sicily, invasion of, 104–5
and slapping incident, 105–7, 117
speech on Anglo-American unity, 130–31
and Tunisian campaign, 94–95
Pearl Harbor, 58, 357, 377, 389, 390, 421, 452, 464, 509
Pacific strategy after, 60–61
Pearson, Lester, 429
Peenemunde (Germany), 451
Pennsylvania, 270
Pennsylvania Turnpike, 387
Pentagon, 60, 210, 219, 220, 224, 233, 290, 322, 323, 356, 376, 482, 502, 547
and ICBMs, 505
and nuclear test ban, 505
proposed reorganization of, 463
and Soviet H-bomb, 321
Pepper, Claude, 239
Peress, Dr. Irving, 348, 349, 364
Pershing, John J., 37, 39, 40, 42, 46
letter of commendation from, 43
Persons, Jerry, 308, 351, 415, 467, 557
Pescadores, 373, 375, 381, 382
Pétain, Henri, 85
Philippines, 46, 53, 54, 58, 60, 61, 62, 67, 85, 222, 335, 361, 371, 437, 473
Army, 49
Nacionalista party, 48
Plain Speaking (Miller), 210, 212
Plessy v. Ferguson, 335, 336, 367, 407, 443
Pleven, René, 253, 257, 359, 362
Pleven Plan, 257
Poe, Edgar Allan, 25
border with Russia, 216
German invasion of, 533
riots in, 422
Portland Press Herald, 305
Powers, Francis Gary, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 515, 543
President’s Science Advisory Committee. See PSAC
Prichard, Vernon, 25
Project Mercury, 518
PSAC (President’s Science Advisory Committee), 453, 458, 476, 477, 494, 495
PWA, 387
Quarles, Donald, 462, 466, 467, 470, 478
Queen Elizabeth, 494
Quemoy, 373, 374, 375, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 548
Quezon, Manuel, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52–53
Quezon, Mrs., 50
Rabi, Dr. Isidor, 452, 453, 458
Radford, Arthur, 294, 360, 361, 369, 374, 383, 384, 424, 432, 434, 507
Radio Cairo, 466
RAF Bomber Command, 121
Ramsay, Bertram, 133, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 166
Randolph, A. Philip, 445
Randolph, Norman, 34
Rayburn, Sam, 381, 382, 467, 535
Red Army, 76, 122, 154, 198, 199, 215, 216, 218, 250, 251, 255, 257, 430, 435
and Berlin, race for, 189, 192, 193, 196, 197
Red China, 415
Reed, Daniel, 319
Reed, Philip, 317
Remagen bridgehead, 185–86, 188, 202
Republican National Committee. See RNC
Republican National Convention, 416, 542
Republicans, 46, 197, 204, 214, 215, 232, 238, 262, 274, 285, 289, 298, 315, 341, 401, 402, 404, 415, 420, 423, 437, 449, 450, 452, 463, 473, 500, 519, 521, 522, 523, 538, 564, 565, 573
and Sherman Adams crisis, 471–472
and Algeria, 438
alleged as party of Depression, 546
and Congress, 286, 320, 323, 365, 375, 432
and defense budget cuts, 312
East Coast, 260
Eisenhower, 397
governors, 266
isolationist, 251
leaders, 311, 321, 434, 441, 459, 461, 462, 482, 484, 492, 501, 502, 516, 518
middle-class and middle-aged, 541
and Nixon decision, 281–82
and North Vietnam, 371
and nuclear weakness, 345
Old Guard, 250, 269, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 297, 306, 309–310, 330, 333, 338, 377, 379, 385, 405, 464, 465, 474, 520, 542, 545
and organized labor, 291
peace issue for, 505
preconvention activity, 414
and President, Eisenhower for, 208, 230–31, 239, 245, 259, 264
principles of, 248
and recession, 347
and replacement for Eisenhower, 399–400
and Social Security, 346
split among, 350
and taxes, 319
and Vietnam, 563
weakness of, on election day, 528
in Wisconsin, 283
and Yalta, 305
and Yugoslavia, 253
See also RNC
Reston, James, 397, 441, 463, 511 “Revolt of the Admirals,” 242–43
Reynolds, Quentin, 106
Rhee, Syngman, 294, 295, 328–29, 330, 331, 369–70, 384, 547
Rhine River
crossing of, 157–58, 164, 165, 185–86, 188, 189
destroying German defenses west of, 184–85, 194, 203
and NATO, 434
See also Remagen bridgehead
Richards, Robert, 361
Ridgway, Matthew, 226, 356, 364, 375–76
Ringling, Henry, 282
RNC (Republican National Committee), 280, 281, 290, 419, 472
Roberts, Chalmers, 483
Roberts, Clifford, 239, 244, 259, 263, 264, 266, 315
Robertson, Walter, 329–30
Robinson, Jackie, 445
Robinson, William, 236, 238–39, 240, 258, 261, 262, 263, 265, 267, 268, 308, 315, 347, 350, 400, 521, 522
Rockefeller, Nelson, 307, 462, 474, 519, 523, 524, 556, 564
and civil defense, 518
and defense spending, 501, 522
Rockefeller brothers, 454
Rockwell, Norman, 564
Rogers, William, 569
ROK (Army of the Republic of Korea), 303, 330
Romans, 182
Rome, 98, 108, 110, 111, 118, 255
tactics of, 132–33
and Tunisian campaign, 91, 92–94
Romney, George, 564
Roosevelt, Franklin, 44, 46, 47, 62, 70, 107, 142, 151, 193, 194, 223, 246, 280, 310, 311, 313, 403, 449, 544, 545, 570, 572
at Casablanca conference, 89
and Darlan Deal, 85–86
death of, 298
and de Gaulle, 121–22
and Free French, 122
and left wing of Democratic Party, 542
and North Africa, 76
and Overlord commander, 114, 115, 116
and Roundup, 68
and Russians, 197
and Social Security, 573
and Teheran conference, 113
unconditional surrender of, 152
Roundup, 68, 70, 75, 98, 118, 119
Ruhr district (Germany), 182, 188, 192
Rumania, 154
Russians, 67, 78, 99, 158, 180, 205, 215, 243, 266, 320, 322, 333, 362, 372, 377, 378, 384, 397, 518, 543, 559
and Arabs, 421
atomic weapons and, 303, 369, 371, 374, 377, 493, 502
and Berlin, race for, 189, 192–97, 218, 269
blockade of Berlin, 223
vs. Chinese, 383
and Darlan Deal, 118
and German surrender, 197–99, 201
and Germany, occupation of, 122
military zone in Germany, 217
and moon, race to, 554
and second front, 118
and U.S. defense spending, 459–461
See also Soviet Union
Ryan, Cornelius, 192
Ryder, Charles, 25
SACEUR (Supreme Allied
Commander, Europe), 252, 259, 263, 301, 334, 361, 362, 372
Sacred Cow, 223
Saigon (South Vietnam), 556
Salazar (prime minister), 253
Saltonstall, Leverett, 358, 461
SAMs (surface-to-air missiles), 507
Sandhurst speech, 130
Sardinia, 86–87, 89, 97, 98, 99, 118
Saturday Evening Post, The, 535, 555
Saud, king of Saudi Arabia, 466, 469
Schine, G. David, 316, 317, 351
Scott, Winfield, 23
Scripps-Howard Newspapers, 305
SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization), 362, 363, 368, 370–71, 379
Seaton, Fred, 565
SEC, 464
Secret Service (U.S.), 316, 569
Security Council (U.N.), 226, 426, 430, 467, 469
Senate (U.S.), 131, 170–71, 248, 286, 305, 334, 350, 375, 382, 420, 479, 521
and Algerian independence, 437
and Brown decision, 407
and civil rights, 441, 442, 444–45
and German sovereignty, 370
and Joseph McCarthy, 307, 308, 353
and Warren appointment, 337–38
Senate Committee on Military Affairs, 219
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 311
Senate Judiciary Committee, 415
SHAEF, 129, 130, 131, 132, 135, 147, 151, 155, 157, 160, 162, 167, 170, 171, 172, 177, 178, 179, 182, 185
and Berlin, race for, 189, 194
and bombers, 126
buildup, 133
and D-Day weather, 136
G-2 summary, 153–54
and German surrender, 198–200
and Hitler’s death, 311
office diary, 161, 164, 165, 166
and Rhine River crossing, 188
security precautions, 174–75
strength of, 127
and Transportation Plan, 126
SHAPE, 289
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 23, 39, 229, 252
Shivers, Allan, 418
Shutt, Charles, 503
Siberia, 507
Sicily, 87, 95, 97, 98, 99, 106, 107, 108, 115, 118
invasion of, 103–5
Siegfried Line, 165
See also West Wall defense
Simpson, William, 154, 174, 184, 188, 196, 207
Sinai (Egypt), 424, 425, 426, 428, 429, 433
Slater, Ellis (Slats), 239, 259, 293, 315, 347–48, 398, 400, 401, 472, 473, 488, 521, 530, 534, 540, 551, 555, 566
Slater, Priscilla, 239
Sledgehammer (operation), 68, 70, 75–76
Sloan, George, 265
Smith, Merriman, 47, 318, 443, 450, 502
Smith, Thor, 130
Smith, Walter Bedell (Beetle), 58, 85, 87, 91, 109, 117, 149, 172, 182, 183, 186, 187, 201, 211, 215, 226, 229, 233, 235, 270, 308, 332, 371, 458
and Battle of the Bulge, 173, 177, 179
and D-Day decision, 137, 138–39
and Free French, 122
and Geneva Conference, 368, 370
and German surrender, 198, 199, 200
and Montgomery, 146, 148, 155, 166, 167, 173, 177, 179
and NATO, 372
nominated for Under Secretary of State, 307
and Patton slapping incident, 106
personality of, 77–78
physical problems of, 77–78
on Zhukov, 225
Snyder, Dr. Howard, 244, 291, 325, 395, 398–99, 455–56, 527
Socialists, 46
Social Security, 269, 346, 386, 545, 573
Soil Bank, 402
Solomon, 207
Southeast Asia, 320, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 371, 545
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. See SEATO
South Korea, 248, 294, 328, 329, 330, 547
South Pacific, 436
South Vietnam, 371, 372, 379, 545, 547, 556, 559, 563
Soviet Union, 154, 326, 341, 429, 462, 480, 492, 494, 495
and Atoms for Peace plan, 342–345
and Austrian peace treaty, 386
and Bay of Pigs, 553
and Berlin crisis, 482, 484, 485, 487
and Cold War, 224–27
Communists in, 344, 391, 415, 484
and Cuban base, 516
destruction after war in, 216
disarmament proposals of, 339, 340
and Eastern Europe, domination of, 226, 232, 233, 275–76, 414, 415, 428, 435
and German rearming, 251
and Geneva disarmament talks, 475–77, 517
and Geneva Summit, 390–93
in Greece, 226–27
H-bomb of, 321, 334, 338, 353–354, 356
and Hungary, atrocities in, 434
and Hungary, intervention in, 423, 426, 428, 430, 433
leadership of, 311, 385–86, 390–391
and Middle East, 465–69
missile capability of, 411, 506
and NATO, 339
and nuclear test ban, 457–59, 470–71, 503–6
and Paris summit, 507
peace offensive of, 323, 324–25
postwar aggression of, 232–33, 312, 431
postwar strength of, 470
postwar threat of, 225, 254–55, 257, 356–57, 423, 428, 560
propaganda of, 339
and Sputnik, 448–52
suspicions of, 188–89
and Syria, 431–32
and Twentieth Party Congress, 415, 422
and U-2 crisis, 508–15
and U.S., relations with, 203, 216–17, 218, 224–25, 233, 275, 312, 356–57, 385
and U.S. nuclear arsenal, 478–79
U.S. spiritual superiority to, 542
and Western Europe, threat to, 225
See also Kremlin; Red Army; Russians
Spaatz, Carl, 112, 121, 126, 133, 185, 199
Republicans in, 86
Spock, Dr. Benjamin, 237
Sputnik, 457, 459, 471, 494, 548
drama of, 448–54
Sputnik II, 462
Stagg, J. M., 136–38, 139, 202
Stalin, Joseph, 193, 197, 213, 217, 218, 226, 390, 414, 415
and Overlord commander, 114
and second front, 113
at Yalta, 305
Stalingrad, battle of, 97, 109
Stassen, Harold, 260–61, 262, 263, 265, 274, 363
European tour of, 301–2
State Department (U.S.), 225, 227, 324, 435, 461, 468, 485, 487, 524, 575
and atomic weapons, 379
and book burning, 318
and China, 379
Communists alleged in, 307
and Cuban refugees, 532–33
embassies of, 421
and Formosa Straits crisis, 383–84
investigations of, 306
and nuclear test ban, 470
and Soviet negotiations, 470
Stephens, Thomas, 240
Stevenson, Adlai, 285, 383, 397, 399, 400, 419, 449, 473, 522
as campaigner, 276–77
defeated for Presidency, 286–87, 433
financial disclosures of, 280, 281
and Joseph McCarthy “slip of the tongue,” 284
and nuclear test ban, 420
on Republicans as divided, 350
speaking ability of, 274
Stewart, Potter, 569
Stimson, Henry L., and Darlan Deal, 85–86
St. Lawrence Seaway, 346, 526, 545
Strategic Air Force, 376
Stratemeyer, George, 25
Strauss, Lewis, 341, 355, 452, 459, 471, 473, 540
background of, 339
and Bravo blast, 353–54
and H-bomb, 339–40, 352, 353–354, 389
and radioactivity, 354
successor to, 470
Strong, Kenneth, 137–38, 156, 171, 172, 173, 174, 198, 199, 200
Suez Canal crisis, 393, 415–18, 421–422, 424–26, 428, 430–33, 448, 457, 459, 467, 491, 548, 552
and European colonialism, 436
Sullivan and Cromwell, 289
Sulzberger, Arthur Hays, 284, 441
Summerfield, Arthur, 290
Summersby, Kay, 117, 121, 140, 143, 153, 161, 165, 184, 187, 200, 205, 206, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 268
affair with Eisenhower unconsummated, 102–3, 125
gossip about, and Eisenhower, 80, 102–3
personality of, 68, 79–80, 102
physical appearance of, 68, 79–80
popularity of, 144
Supreme Allied Commander, Europe. See SACEUR
Supreme Court (U.S.), 289, 406, 407, 441, 444
Chief Justice appointed for, 336–38
and Constitution, 419
role of, 443
and school segregation cases, 335, 341–42, 367–68, 417, 442–43
Surface-to-air missiles. See SAMs Surprise Attack Panel, 377–78
Susloparoff, General (Soviet liaison officer), 199
Sweden, 257
Switzerland, 166
border of, 168
neutrality of, 386
Symington, Stuart, 312, 315, 451, 470, 473, 482, 501, 503, 521, 547
as Air Force spokesman, 321–322
and missiles, 410–11
Taft, Martha, 334
Taft, Robert, 259, 274, 290, 298, 310, 311, 323, 330, 449, 460
and budget defense cuts, 319–320, 321
death of, 333
isolationism of, 264
and Marshall Plan, 232
as Old Guard Republican, 250
as Republican contender, 230–31, 260–63, 265–67, 268–72
and Beetle Smith confirmation, 309
successor to, 334
Taft, William Howard, 271
Taft-Hartley Act, 291
Tammany Hall, 522
Taylor, Maxwell, 447, 468, 530
Teachers College, Columbia University, 242
Tedder, Arthur, 89, 110, 121, 123, 144, 156, 163, 177, 199, 206
and D-Day decision, 137–39
and French railway system, 126–127
and Operation Cobra, 149–50
personality of, 90
physical appearance of, 90
Teheran conference, 113
Teller, Dr. Edward, 452, 471, 505–6
Tennessee, 286
Tet offensive (Vietnam), 563
Texas, 262, 265–66, 286, 290, 418, 521
Third World War, 373, 431, 432
Thompson, Barbara. See Eisenhower, Barbara
Thompson, Percy, 227
Thor (IRBM), 410
Thornton, Dan, 268
Tibbets, Paul, 81
Tibet, 430
Tito, Marshal (Josip Broz), 253
followers of, 422
“To the American Soldier” (Eisenhower message), 235–36
Tonkin Delta, 360
See also Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Torch (North African operation), 76, 85, 86, 87, 107, 114, 118, 119, 123
Tracy, Spencer, 378
Transportation Plan, 126, 127, 152
Trieste, control of, 254
Tripartite Declaration, 420, 425, 426
Truman, Bess, 296
Truman, Harry, 204, 224, 225, 236, 239, 242, 244, 246, 249, 250, 251, 252, 267, 268, 285, 315, 316, 320, 322, 360, 449, 531, 544, 546
background of, 223
budget deficit of, 264
Chief of Staff appointed by, 219
and CIA, 332
and Citizens Committee for Peace with Freedom in Vietnam, 562
and Cold War, 232
containment policy of, 227, 233, 273, 298
defense policy of, 321
and defense spending, 243, 245
and desegregation of armed forces, 335
and Eisenhower divorce story, 209–10, 212
and Eisenhower inauguration, 296–97
Eisenhower offered Democratic nomination by, 208, 228, 259–260, 261
on Eisenhower as President, 299–300
Fair Deal of, 46
and Formosa, 373
and German surrender, 197
and health insurance, national, 346
memoirs of, 552
and missile research, 451
officials under, 458
poker games with, 401
preinaugural meeting with, 296, 532
preparation for Presidency, 298
public works under, 545
upsets Dewey for Presidency, 240
versions of, 399
Truman Administration, 242, 243, 269, 277, 307, 410
and Communist issue, 283
Truman Doctrine, 223
Tully, Andrew, 305
Tunisia, 83, 86, 87, 89, 104, 107, 113, 118, 168, 448
campaign in, 91–97
Tura Tarn (Central Asia), 504
TVA, 546
Twentieth Party Congress, Khrushchev speech to, 415, 422
Twining, Nathan, 453, 466, 467, 470, 478, 493, 495
U-2 flights, 473
over Cuba, 499
over Israel, 431
over Mediterranean, 421
as top secret, 503–4
UAR (United Arab Republic), 465, 466
U.K. See British
U.N. (United Nations), 204, 217, 289, 325, 428, 489, 533
and atomic weapons, 303
and Atoms for Peace plan, 342–343
General Assembly, 342–43, 427, 429
Khrushchev speech at, 492–93
and Korea, 248, 295, 327, 328, 330
and Middle East cease-fire resolution, 425, 429
peace-keeping force in Middle East, 429, 432, 433, 434
and Russian intransigence, 233, 485
Security Council, 226, 426, 430, 467, 469
United Arab Republic. See UAR
United Kingdom, 98
See also British
United Nations. See U.N.
United States, 40, 44, 257, 267, 270, 305, 351, 473, 520, 542, 561
air forces, 121
in all-out nuclear war, 403
anti-colonialism of, 360
armed forces in Germany, 440
atmosphere of, 262
and atomic weapons, 224, 250–251, 255, 302, 303, 320, 327, 328, 338, 357, 363, 369–71, 380, 382–85
and Atoms for Peace plan, 342–344
and Bay of Pigs fiasco, 554
and Berlin crisis, 482, 484, 485
and British, 416
and Castle series, 354
cease-fire resolution of, 426, 427, 429
and “The Chance for Peace” speech, 326, 329
civil rights in, 334–36, 406, 444
Communists in, 408
and Cuba, 498, 499–500, 516, 533–34, 538–39, 554
defense spending, 312, 321–23, 459–61, 522, 547
and disarmament proposals, 340
divisions in Europe, 495–96
and Eastern Europe, 415, 422–423, 434
and Formosa Straits crisis, 380–85
and Geneva disarmament talks, 475–77
and Geneva Summit, 390–93
and Germany, armed forces in, 440
highways of, 387
and Hungarian refugees, 430, 434, 435
Khrushchev visit to, 488–90, 492–94
and Korean armistice, 324
and Latin America, 474–75
and Lebanon, intervention in, 467–68
marshals, 418
in Middle East, 416, 421, 422, 424–25, 426–28, 465–69, 575, 576
military posture, 460
and national security, 483, 502, 523
and NATO, 249–55, 312, 334, 476, 495, 531
and Nazism, 214
and North Korean invasion, 248
nuclear arsenal, 334, 342, 476, 478–79, 517–18
and nuclear test ban, 457–59, 470, 486, 504–5, 543
and Overlord, 127
overseas libraries of, 316–18
politics in, 268
and Potsdam, 385
press in, 326
race relations in, 334–36, 367, 406
and satellites, 462
and school desegregation, 367, 406
and Southeast Asia, 361
and Soviets, relations with, 203, 216–17, 218, 224–25, 233, 275, 312, 356–57, 385
and Soviet threat, 312, 356–57, 459–61
spiritual superiority to Soviets, 542
and Tet offensive, 563
and tidelands issue, 266
and Torch landings, 86
and Tripartite Declaration, 420
and U-2 crisis, 508–15
and U.N. peace-keeping force, 226
Vice-Presidents of, 565
victory celebration in, 207
in Vietnam, 126, 329, 358–59, 362, 371–72, 558, 563
and war games, 57
in World War I, 32
at Yalta, 385
See also Americans
United States of Europe, 257, 258, 301, 334, 372, 431
University of Alabama, 407
U.S.S.R. See Russians; Soviet Union
Vandenberg, Arthur, 261
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, Jr., 229
Vanguard rocket, 462
Versailles conference, 166, 174
Versailles Peace Conference, 289
Veterans Administration, 567
Vichy, 86
Vietminh, 358, 360, 368, 370, 371
Vietnam, 325, 332, 364, 373, 375, 551, 552
Communists in, 541, 544, 557, 561, 563
divided, 385
French in, 256, 312, 320, 323, 357–63, 368–71, 379
U.S. in, 126, 329, 358–59, 362, 371–72, 558, 563
See also Indochina; North Vietnam; South Vietnam; Viet Cong; Vietminh
Virginia, 286
Virginia Wilderness, 145
Voice of America, 316, 317, 318, 423
Waging Peace (Dwight Eisenhower), 552
Walker, Walton, 29
Wallace, Henry, 216, 222, 403, 439
Walters, Vernon, 392
War Department (W.D.) (U.S.), 32, 33, 41, 42, 58, 113, 120, 169, 172, 220
offices, 60
and Patton slapping incident, 117
and Patton speech on Anglo-American unity, 131
promotion policy of, 53
reorganization of, 66
War of 1812, 24
Warhol, Andy, 564
War Plans Division. See WPD Warren, Earl, 271, 274, 397, 403, 540, 542
Chief Justice of Supreme Court, appointment confirmed, 337–338, 546
replacement for, 569
and school segregation cases, 341–42, 367, 368
Supreme Court commitment to, 289–90, 336
Warsaw uprisings, 275
Washington, D.C., 406, 419, 546
Washington, George, 19, 47, 205, 228, 229, 230, 246, 449, 460, 549, 572
intellectual qualities of, 439–40 “Washington Merry-Go-Round,” 57
Washington Post, The, 284
Watergate, 364
Waterloo, Battle of, 111
Watson, Thomas J., 220, 234–35
W.D. See War Department Weeks, Sinclair, 290
Wehrmacht, 52, 93, 152, 153, 182, 189, 198
Welborn, Ira C., 35
Welch, Joseph, 366
Western Europe, 67, 274, 313, 425, 452, 491
“economic union” in, 232
and EDC, 334
and Marshall Plan, 233
Soviet threat to, 225
and United States of Europe, 372
Western Hemisphere, Communists in, 554
West Germany
Christian Democrats, 486
Socialist Party, 486
See also Germany
Westmoreland, William, 559, 560, 561, 563
West Virginia, 286
West Wall defense, of Germans, 151–53, 157, 161, 164, 168, 173, 177, 180, 448
See also Siegfried Line
White Citizens Councils, 408
White House Years, The (Dwight Eisenhower), 552
Whiteley, John F. M., 78, 172, 182, 192
Whitman, Ann, 313, 394, 397, 418, 424, 432, 439, 442, 452, 472, 481, 488, 489, 502, 510, 520, 529, 539
on Eisenhower golf game, 315–16
on Eisenhower heart attack, 395
on Eisenhower-Nixon relationship, 525–28
on Eisenhower stroke, 455–56
on Farewell Address suggestion, 535–36
obsession with Eisenhower, 556
Whitney, George, 259
Whitney, John Hay, 259
Wiley, Alexander, 383
William the Conqueror, 144
Wilson, Charles E., 294, 329, 332, 356, 376, 409, 424, 435, 440
background of, 290
and defense budget cuts, 312, 321
and executive privilege, 365
and McCarthy committee, 364
and Oppenheimer charges, 340–341
personality of, 290
replacement for, 400
on unemployed, 375
Wilson, Woodrow, 573
Fourteen Points, 152
Woods, Rosemary, 528
World War I, 31, 32, 126, 151, 154, 223, 473
World War II, 25–26, 27–28, 31, 66, 72, 78, 189, 251, 295, 332, 342, 385, 426, 435, 493, 507, 536
accomplishments in, 201–2
beginning of, 52
draft dodgers in, 564
and Germany, division of, 485
morale in, 490–91
World War III. See Third World
War WPA, 387
WPD (War Plans Division), 61, 66, 71
Wriston, Henry, 539
Yalta Conference, 297, 385, 386
criticisms of, 269, 270, 273, 275
and Democratic ethnic vote, 273
and Poland, 226
and repudiation proposed for, 305, 309–11
and Soviet promises, 226, 310, 392
York (doctor), 494
Yugoslavia, 154, 253, 254, 257
embassy of, 430
Zhukov, Grigori, 217, 218, 225, 269, 386, 390, 391, 435, 493