There Are Two Sexes: Essays in Feminology

Abortion, xxi, xxv, 35, 159, 163, 185, 211, 266nn2–4; decriminalization, 3, 161–62, 204, 212; fight for, 215–16, 217, 220; petition, 269n13; prohibition of, 282n21; reimbursing, 136, 161, 269n14; rights, 7, 21–22, 47, 134, 137, 159, 167, 226; see also Right to procreate

Actress, 96, 98; actress’s paradox, 98; androgyny and, 100, 101; creation and procreation, 106, 111; state of being, 109–10; transference and, 97; woman and, 102

Affirmative action for women, 72, 173, 181, 186, 187

Algeria, 267n9; Family Code, 7, 134–35, 150, 164, 169, 262n14;, 284n36; fundamentalism in, 127

Alliance des femmes pour la démocratie, see Women’s Alliance for Democracy

Alliance Française of San Diego, California, 296

Althusser, Louis, 88

American feminism, xi, 235–36; women’s lib, 89

André, Michèle, 223, 265n55;

Andreas-Salomé, Lou, 91, 92, 105

Androgyny, 100, 101, 111; pregenital, 103–4

Antelme, Robert, 46–47; The Human Race, 46

Anthropocultivators, 48, 51, 105, 191, 229–30

Anthropoculture, 41, 271n5;

Antifeminism, xxiv, 73

Anti-Oedipus, 15, 65, 197, 221, 234, 236

Antiracism, 65; law, xxiii, 66, 167, 193; slogan, 6, 267n5;

Antisexism law, xxiii, 124, 167, 186, 193

Arendt, Hannah, 115–16, 119

Aris, Michael, 75, 77, 78; see also Suu Kyi, Aung San

Bachmann, Ingeborg, 103

Backlash, 26, 263n17;

Bangladesh, see Nasrin, Taslima

Barthes, Roland, 196, 275n2;, 295

Bataille, Georges, 241

Bataillon, Laure, 92

Baudelot & Establet, Allez les filles! 130

de Beauvoir, Simone, 18–19, 21, 268n8; psychoanalysis and, 108

Being born/giving birth (naître/faire naître), 116, 119

Benedict XVI (Pope), 209–10

Bernanos, Georges, 128, 197

La Bibliothèque des voix, 92–93, 208

Bion, Wilfred, 58, 85, 86

Birth, 196, 295; Lacan on, 198; woman giving birth to a woman (l ’ enfante femme), 211; see also Being born/giving birth; Gestation; Procreation

Body, xiv, 12, 43, 128, 220–21, 241–44; control of, 133–37, 161–62, 203–4; foreclosure of the body of the mother, 12, 57, 145, 227; historical emergence of, 209–10; language and, 23, 48; lifting of censorship on, xxviii,11, 85, 209; maternal, xxxii, 38, 51, 157; repression of, 248, 250; sex-body-psyche relations, 49–50; unconscious and, 112

Bosnia, war in 127, 184, 185

Boudjerada, Nathalie, 223

Boy child, 27, 37, 40, 41, 241, 243, 246; identity, 244–48; phallus and, 144–45

Buber, Martin, 53–54

Burma, 75–79; see also Suu Kyi, Aung San

Cairo International Conference on Population and Development, 158, 163

Castration, 5, 28, 37, 56, 241, 244, 252, 257, 259, 293n3; complex, 255; resistance to, 39–40, 259

CDEG, see Steering Committee for Equality Between Women and Men

Chanel, Josiane, xix, 10–11, 200

Charter of the United Nations (1945), 156

Chirac, Jacques, 193, 296

Choisir la Cause des Femmes (Choose the cause of women), 3, 266n3; ; see also Halimi, Gisèle

Christianity, 28–29, 127; democracy and, 130–31; qualitative parity and, 175–77

Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, xxv

Civil Solidarity Pact (PACS), xxiii, 263n15;

Cixous, Hélène, xi, 23, 87, 91, 269n16;, 274, 275

Club Parité 2000, xxii, 171, 267n12;, 296

Committee on Women’s Rights (European Parliament’s), 155, 173, 180, 182, 186

Communitarianism, xxii, xxiii, 262n12;

Condition of women, 156–58; economic, xxiv–xxv, xxvi, 165–66; European reality, 166; French reality, 166–70; global reality, 162–66; media on, 129; secretary of state for, 3, 24; tragedy of, 183–86

Constitution (French), 280n2; article 3, xxi–xxii; preamble, 45–47, 66

Container (contenant), actress as, 104, 107; woman as, 86, 104–5, 106, 111–12

Contraception, 2–3, 130, 134, 159, 190, 216; prohibition of, 282n21;

Council of Europe, 159, 172, 173, 181; Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 159

Coomaraswamy, Radhika, 158

Creation, 41–43, 90, 177, 209; aesthetics of, 50; of the livingspeaking (vivant-parlant), 26, 71; procreation and, 50, 104–6, 111, 221

Cresson, Edith, 63, 272n5;

Crimes against humanity, 47, 66, 122, 277n1;, 277n18;

Crimes against women, 47, 64–6; rape as, 3, 120; see also Gynocide

Darcy de Oliveira, Rosiska, 282n10;

Daughter, 14, 249; father and, 30, 236, 237, 243, 247, 259; genealogy of mother and, xiv, 103–4; mother and, 103–4, 145, 191, 196, 214; rape and, 241; see also Girl child

Le Débat, 10–33, 215–32

Delanoë, Bertrand, 290n1;

Delors, Jacques, 155, 159, 281n3;

Demichel, André, 120

Demichel, Francine, 120

Democracy, 9, 32–33; Athenian, 42, 126, 135, 150; Christianity and, 130–31; discontents of, 149–51; model of, xxvii; parity-based, 141, 172, 181; pioneer front of, 178; see also Women’s Alliance for Democracy

Democratic personality, 147–48; see also Leclaire, Serge

Democratization, 8, 53; process, xvii; promotion of, 66; of psychoanalysis, 58–59, 143–48; tasks for, 73–74; see also Women’s Alliance for Democratization

Demography, 69–71; equilibrium in, 72; gestation and, 119; see also Triple Production

Derrida, Jacques, 48, 86, 220, 247

Desire, for child, xxx, 52, 204, 218, 220; for procreation, 203

Devereux, Georges, 30

Difference, xxx, 19; between the sexes, xxxii, 6, 23, 53, 61, 116, 136, 197, 215, 240; equality and, 5, 25–26, 44, 190–91; experience of, 197–99, 215; genital stage and, 246, 253; laws and, 45–47; sexual, 197, 216, 287n66;

Discrimination, xxi, 63; education and, 126; indifference and, 45; workforce, 180, 186–87; see also Misogyny; United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

Dissymmetry, xxii, 8, 19, 49–50, 139, 190; procreation and, 26, 33, 48, 53, 63, 136

Dolto, Françoise, xxix, 241

Doolittle, Hilda, 57

Ducrocq, Françoise, 90, 114

Duras, Marguerite, 16, 200, 202

École Freudienne, 20–21, 114, 268n10;

École Normale Supérieure, 114, 268n5;, 282n19;

Economic conditions, xxvi, 165–66; see also Poverty; Unemployment

Écriture féminine, 22–23

Education, 8, 73, 113, 295; access, 162, 283n26;, 289n16; discriminatory, 126; equality in, 168

L’enfante femme, see Woman giving birth to a woman

Engels, Friedrich, xxviii, 115, 223, 264n36;

Envy, xxviii–xxix, 188, 230; see also Gratitude; Penis envy; Uterus envy

Equality, xxi–xxii, 41, 44, 45 156; difference and, 5, 25–26, 44, 190–91; equity and, 165; in education, 168; European model of, 158–60; GDI, 186; obstacles to, 156; principle of, 136, 179–81; in workplace, 71–72

Erinyes, 43, 46, 135

Espace Des femmes, 296

Ethics, xviii, xxxii, 88, 103, 207, 210, 232; gestation as a paradigm of, xxxii; of procreation, 50–54; reinvention of, 90–91; secular ethics, 229

Europe, 186; as social model, 158–60; parity in, 172–73; poverty in, 166, 179–80, 283n24; unemployment in, 166; women and, 179–82

European Court of Justice, 71, 180, 186, 287n1;

European Parliament, member of, 287, 289; reports, 186; Sakharov Prize, 278

European Parliament’s Committee on Women’s Rights, 173, 180, 182; vice-chair of, 193

Experience, of difference, 197–99, 215; gestation, 116; Munier on, 115; poetry as, 86

Faludi, Susan, 263n17;

Father, xxix, 4, 26–27, 49, 80–82, 85–86, 131, 157, 238, 248; daughter and, 30, 236–37, 243, 247, 259; girl-sons and, 145–46; name of, 57, 144–45, 227, 237, 243; son and, xiv, 5, 27, 58, 63, 118, 139, 127

Female, feminine compared to, 39; homosexuality, 104–5, 248–49, 250–51; writing, 93

Female genitality, 38, 49, 189, 219

Female infanticide, 64, 163, 185

Female genital mutilation, 158, 163, 288n7;

Female libido, xii–xiii, 144, 149, 191, 241–42; native homosexuation and, xiv; see also Libido 2 (libido creandi)

Female writing, 22, 93

Femelle, see Female

Feminine (féminine), 30, 56, 249; female compared to, 39, 93; in language, 47–48

Femininity; as a disguise, 30; as transvestism, 249

Feminism, 19, 44, 108, 259, 287n66; beyond, 239, 243–46; Freud and, 235; individualist, 19–20; institutional, 3; lesbianism and, 248–49, 251; MLF and, 144, 207, 236, 257; nondifferentialist, xxvii, 171, 189; patriarchy and, 144, 236–37; phallic stage and, 144, 239; phallocentrism and, 238–39; “revolutionary”, 207, 268n9; state, xx, xxiii; trap of, 106; see also American feminism

Feminology, xv, xvii–xviii, xxi, xxxii, 32, 50, 84, 230

Des Femmes art gallery, 296

Des Femmes bookstores, 22, 29, 208, 296

Des femmes en mouvements, 208, 296

Des femmes en mouvements hebdo, 154

Des Femmes publishing house, 22, 87, 296; editorial policy as poethics, 89–93; founding of, 207–8; La Bibliothèque des voix (The library of voices), 92–93, 208

Les femmes s’entêtent, 268n8;

Ferenczi, Sándor, 85, 86

Fertility, 33, 199, 211, 221; control of, xxi, 74, 158, 161, 211–12; rate, xxvii, 42, 69, 70, 72, 131

Filiarchy, 2, 28–29, 43–44, 175

Filse, see Girl-son

Flesh, 36, 51, 86, 107, 112, 232; as the fifth element, 107; hospitality of, xiv, xxxii, 91, 220, 222; matricial, xxxii; thinking, 41, 50, 57, 88, 199, 222; see also Body

Folbre, Nancy, 290n23;

Foreclosure, 57, 116–17, 219, 231; of the body of the mother, 12, 57, 145, 227

Forest, Eva, xxxi, 91, 154, 296

Foucault, Michel, 114–15

France, 7, 64, 160–62, 166–70, 186–87; Minister of women’s rights, 3; paths to parity, 170–73; power of women in, 68–69; secularism, 130; secretary of state for condition of women, 3; unemployment in, 65, 169; see also Constitution

Free market liberalism, xxii, xxvi–xxvii, 223, 225, 262n8;

Freud, Sigmund, xii–xiii, xxx, 17, 34, 219, 232, 293n3; Dora, 57; on desire, 241–42; on female homosexuality, 104–5; feminism and, 235; The Future of an I llusion, 126; gestation and, 218; impossible tasks, 265n51; The Interpretation of Dreams (Freud), 232; Leonardo da Vinci and a Memory of H is Childhood (Freud), 117; as man and writer, 56–57; Moses and Monotheism, xxviii, 126; on narcissism, xxviii, 30, 221–22; “penis-feces-child,” 255; phallic stage and, 240; A Phylogenetic Fantasy: Overview of the Transference Neuroses, 219; on primacy of phallus, 28; “Psychogenesis of a Case of Female Homosexuality”, 104–5, 208; on rape, 241; religion and, 149; religious illusion, 126–27; on repression, 117; “The Sexual Theories of Children”, 34; Studies in Hysteria, 57; see also Psychoanalysis

Fundamentalism, xxiv, 6, 62, 127–28; fatwa against Nasrin, 133–37; misogyny and, 129; monism and, 148; violence and, 164; see also Monotheisms, Religion

Gauchet, Marcel, 268, 292, 292n2;

GDI, see Gender-Related Development Index

GEM, see Gender Empowerment Measure

Gender, 30, 39, 56, 204, 248–49, 287n66; language and, 22–23, 47–48; Sen on inequality, xxv

Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), 290n20;

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI), 186

Genealogy, xvii–xviii, 86; female, 36; matricial, xxxii; mother-daughter, xiv, 103–4; of thought, 36, 48, 86, 146

Genesic, blow to narcissism, xiii–xiv, xxviii, 4–5, 209, 222; event, 196; function, xxvii, xxxii, 188, 191, 225; genesis, 211

Genesics, 209, 211–12, 230, 232

Geneva Conventions, 156

Genitality, xiii, 25, 32, 226, 230, 259; female, 38, 49, 147, 189, 219; heterosexed, 56; primal, 244; theory of, xxx, xxxii, 31, 49, 56, 86, 117, 147

Geni(t)ality, xix, xxi, xxx, 25–26, 49, 213, 221, 232

Genital stage, 37, 246; difference and, 253; phallic stage to, 252; in society, 254–56

Genius, xxi, 25–26; of the living, 191; of women, xxi, 53

Gestation, as paradigm of ethics, commodification of, 223–24; demography and, 119; experience, 116; feminism and, 108; Freud and, 218; God and, 40, 105–6; human contract and, 52; mastery over, 40; psychoanalysis and, 218–19; state and, 40; thought and, 34–36

Gestation for another, 215–32, 292n11; as a struggle against prostitution of uterus, 223

Gift, 232; gestation for another, as paradigm of, 215–32; giving birth, as paradigm of, xxxii, 221

Girl child, 246, 288n7; n ’ être fille (being born (merely) a girl), 116, 276n8; phallic stage for, 39; phallus and, 30, 144–45

Girl-son (filse), 28, 38, 175, 269n20; father and, 145–46; misogyny and, 63–64

Giroud, Françoise, 3

Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, 3, 217

God, gestation and, 40, 105–6

Goux, Jean-Joseph, xxix; économie et symbolique, 265n46; foreword, xi–xvi

Gratitude, 53–54, 271n17; procreation and, 58–59

Green, André, 117–18

Grunberger, Belá, 85

Gyneconomy, xviii, 8, 12, 231–32, 267n13; need for, 50–51

Gynocide, xxv, 73, 125, 162, 185, 187–88; symbolic, 189

Halimi, Gisèle, 273n9;, 283n23;

Hatred, 60–61; roots of, 136; see also Misogyny

Heterosexuality, 4, 260

Homosexuality, 35, 248; female, xiv, 39, 104–5, 248–49, 250–51; women’s native, xiv, xxxii, 145, 147, 205; women’s primary, 145

Homosexuation to the mother, 93, 196, 203

Hospitality of the flesh, xiv, xxxii, 91, 220, 222

Human contract, xv, xxxiii, 48, 121; analytics of procreation, 49–50; ethics of procreation, 50–54

Humanity, 230–32; crimes against, 47, 66, 277n1;, 277n18; revolution, 259–60

Huppert, Isabelle, 275; dialogue with, 94–112

Hysteria, 56, 108–9, 205, 239, 259; feminism and, 240; repression of, 57

Hyvrard, Jeanne, 87, 91

Identity, 4, 36; boy child, 244–48; differentiated, 253; psychoanalysis and, 37; sexed, 211; women’s derived, 8, 40, 45

Incest, 46, 64, 99, 112, 167

India, women against sharia law in 7, 32–33; women burned alive 64; missing women in, 162–63, 185

Institut d’Enseignement et de Recherches en Sciences des Femmes ou Féminologie Institute for Teaching and Research on the Sciences of Women or Feminology), 114, 120, 296

International Criminal Tribunal, 122

International Women’s Day, 1, 122, 127, 136, 152–55

Islam, 127–29, 164–65; Nasrin dialogue and, 133–37

Jospin, Lionel, xxi, 272n5;

Jouissance, 39, 51, 197, 238, 251, 270n2; flesh and, 51, 232; in masturbation, 245; of Other, 58, 60; pregnancy and, 228; supplementary, 147; uterine, 50

Jung, Carl, 235–36

Kenya tragedy, 69, 73

Kiejman, Georges, 20

Klein, Melanie, 62, 207; Envy and gratitude, xxviii

Koudil, Hafsa Zinai, 164, 284n37;

Kriegel, Blandine, 263n23;, 275, 290

Lacan, Jacques, xiii, 29, 113–14, 250–51, 295; Aimée case of, 236; analysis with, 20–21; on birth, 198; École Freudienne and, 268n10; on matricial and paternal; functions, 117; meeting with, 13; MLF and, 206; on procreation, xxix, 198; “the real,” 85

Laïcité, 284n46;, see Secularism

Language, 7–8, 86–87, 105, 145; acting and, 110–11; body and, 23, 48; feminine in, 47–48; gender and, 22–23; masculine in, 47–48; neutrality of, 47–48

Larose, Jean, 233, 293

Laws, xx–xxi, 3, 7–8; antiracism, xxiii, 66, 167, 193; antisexism, xxiii, 124, 167, 186, 193; common, xxiii; defensive, xxiii; difference and, 45–47; education, 282n17; Falloux, 130, 278n14; function of, 87–88; misogyny and, xxxi, 66; natural, 88; Oedipal, 87; progress of, 161; surname transmission, 262n10; symbolic order, 62–64

Leclaire, Serge, 138–42, 279; democratic personality, 147–48

Lesbianism, xiv, 39; feminism and, 248–49, 251; women’s primary homosexuality and, 145

Levi, Primo, 183–84

Levinas, Emmanuel, 53–54, 220

Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 117–18

Liberation, 207, 256, 259; experience of, 86; procreation and, 216; of thought, 201

The Liberation Movement of Iranian Women, Year Zero, 153

Libido, xiii, xxix–xxx, 37; change of theory on, 146–47; characterization of, 248–49; Freudian conception of, xii–xiii; see also Female libido

Libido creandi, see Libido 2

Libido 2 (libido creandi), xiii, xxx, 49, 56, 144, 248

Library of voices, see Voice

Lispector, Clarice, 91, 99

The living (le vivant), xxviii, 109, 195; genius of, 191; philosophy of, 217; production of, xvii, 246, 265n44;

The living-speaking (le vivant-parlant), xxii, 9, 50, 107, 191, 255; creation of, 26, 71; production of, 40, 41, 57, 63, 119

Mamonova, Tatiana, 91, 153, 296

Man, 3, 56–57, 116, 257–59; being born, 53, 116, 119; poet, 249–50

Manifesto of the 343, 21–22, 204, 269n13;

“Marriage of pleasure,” 164

Marx, Karl, xxviii, 264n36;

Masculine, 30, 35, 43, 249; as gender, 47; ideology, 17, 235; in language, 47–48; protest, xxiv, xxviii

Materialism, 50, 200; fleshly, 50, 202, 210; nonmaternalist, 227

Maternal body, xxxii, 38; as first environment, 51, 157, 211

Maternity, 209–10; leave, 72–73, 159–60; liberated from enslavement, 204, 217; secularization of, 229

Matricial, economy, 56; filiation, 226; flesh, xxxii; functions, 58, 117–18; genealogy, xxxii; son and, 249; voice, 92

The matricial (le matriciel), xiii, 38, 52, 58, 88, 146, 191, 204–7

Matricide, 43, 46, 87–88, 126, 135, 206; the symbolic and, 198

May ’68 revolution, 4, 6, 10–11, 16, 44; American feminism and, 15; MLF and, 27–28, 201–2, 216

Media, xxv–xxvi, 21–22, 44, 69, 206; age and narcissistic era, 29; censorship, 154; on condition of women, 129; debate on parity in, xxi; male appropriation of, 33; wartime rapes and, 123–24; violence against women and, 69, 192–93; women invisibility in, 66; women second place in, 187

Mediterranean, 13, 34, 127

Millett, Kate, 154, 235

Misogyny, xxiv–xxv, xxviii, 2, 44, 46–47, 58, 67, 73; in ancient Greece, 61; cause of, 187–88; discrimination, 61, 66; eradicating, 73–74; fundamentalism and, 129; laws and, xxxi, 46, 66; levels of, 67; plague of, 60; as racism, xxix, 60–62; roots, 11–12, 62; sexism compared to, 61; types of, 63–64; uterus envy and, 134; violence and, 64–65, 73; see also Observatory of Misogyny (Observatoire de la misogynie)

Mitchell, Juliet, 90; Psychoanalysis and Feminism, 90

Mitterrand, François, 3, 153–54, 155, 285n58;, 294n10;

MLF, see Women’s Liberation Movement

MLF Estates General of Women from All Nations Against Misogyny (March 6, 1982), 2, 154

MLF Estates General of Women (March 8, 1989), 154, 266

Monism, xxix–xxx; fundamentalisms and, 148; juridical, 46; phallic, 37, 41, 55, 87–88, 148

Monotheisms, xxvii, 55, 58, 99, 136, 209–10; alliance of, 26; as fundamentalisms, 134; women and, 127–32

Montaigne, Michel de, 113; The Essays, 14, 276

Mother, 38–39, 63, 247–48; body of, 12, 57, 145, 227; co, 228; daughter and, 14, 30, 145, 191, 196, 214; foreclosure of the body of the mother, 12, 57, 145, 227; homosexuation to the, 93, 196, 203; notion, 4–5; procreation and, 226–27; son and, 57–58; surname transmission law, 262n10; surrogate, 216, 223

Mother-daughter genealogy, xiv, 103–4

Motherhood, xxvi–xxvii, 7, 63, 108, 111, 147

Mouvement de Libération des Femmes (MLF), see Women’s Liberation Movement

Movement for Freedom of Abortion and Contraception (Mouvement pour la Liberté de l’Avortement et de la Contraception-MLAC), 3, 266n2;

Naître / faire naître, see Being born/giving Birth

Naître femme (being born a woman), 116

Napoleonic Code, 161

Narcissism, 4, 24, 29, 33, 86; Freud on, xxviii, 30, 221–22; genesic blow to, xiii–xiv, xxviii, 4–5, 209, 222; logic of, 150; media and, 21–22; phallus and, 27–28, 30–32, 39; pregnancy and, 108, 116

Nasrin, Taslima, 129, 278n11;, 279; dialogue with, 133–37

National Organization for Women, 267n10;

Native homosexuality, xiv, xxxii, 144–47, 205

NGO, see Nongovernmental Organizations

Nondifferentialism, xxix, xxxii, 45

Nondifferentialist feminism, xxvii, 171, 189

Nondifferentiating egalitarianism, 72, 87

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 157, 178

Nora, Pierre, 268, 292n2;

Observatoire de la misogynie, see Observatory of Misogyny

Observatoire de la Parité entre les femmes et les hommes, 296

Observatory of Misogyny (Observatoire de la misogynie), 64, 120, 129, 272n7;, 296

Oedipus complex, 218, 243–44, 252–53

One-Whole (l ’ Un-Tout), xxiv, xxix–xxx, xxxii, 177; abstract logic of, xxi–xxii; economy of, 175

Oral, conflict, 144–45; repression by the written of the, 206, 208; the oral, 251–52

Origin, 10, 42, 51; relations to, 5, 11–12; working on, 52

The other, 231, 232, 253–54; capacity to welcome, 49, 58, 104, 116, 222; democracy and, 135; fear of, 150; hospitality of the flesh and, xiv, 220, 222; jouissance of, 58, 60; as subject, 86, 116

“Our bodies belong to us,” 136, 204

PACS, see Civil Solidarity Pact

Parity, xxi–xxii, 153–55, 267n12; based democracy, 181; etiological diagnosis, 173–75; in Europe, 172–73; fight for, 215–16; filiarchy, 175–76; gestation for another and, 217–18; paths to, 170–73; principles and, 156–62; qualitative, xxii, 173, 175–78, 217; quantitative, 173; reality and, 162–70; see also Club Parité 2000

Parliament, 161; women in, xxi, 165, 170, 290n20; see also European Parliament

Paternal, function, 117, 126, 294n6; omnipotence, xx, xxii; power, 221, 226

Patriarchy, 2, 103, 167, 207, 227; feminism and, 144, 146, 20, 235–37; filiarchy and, 29, 44

Péguy, Charles, 201

Penetration, 241; refusal of, 240, 242–43

Penis, 27, 28, 31, 37, 39, 244; “genital penis,” 40; see also Phallus

Penis envy, xiii, xxviii, 62, 104–5, 146; as screen for uterus envy, 205

Personal status, xxiii

Perversion, 174, 177, 197; derivative, 99, 101; phallic, 56, 88

Phallic, monism, 37, 41, 55, 87–88, 148; perversion, 56, 88; symbol, 27–28

Phallicism, 31, 55, 267n8;

Phallic stage, 237–38; articulation of, 239–40; beyond, 239, 243–46; of feminism, 144, 239; Freud and, 240; to genital stage, 252; for girl child, 39

Phallocentrism, xxii, xxix, xxx, 208, 209, 226–27, 237–39

Phallogocentrism, 48, 86, 238, 244, 247, 249

Phallus, 188; boy and, 144–45; erected, 39–40; girl and, 30, 144–45; narcissism and, 30–32; primacy of, 4, 28, 40, 145, 206, 240, 252, 259

Pleasure, principle of, xx, 55, 126, 132, 134, 252–53, 293n3;

Pornography, xxvi, 166

Postfeminism, xii–xiii

Poverty, 162, 283n25; in Europe, 166, 179–80, 283n24; feminization of, 166, 264n27;

Powerlessness, 70–71, 86, 187

Pregnancy, 35–36; denial of, 220; difference experiences during, 197–99, 215; performativity of, 232; narcissism and, 108; see also Birth; Gestation

Primary homosexuality, 145–46

Pro-, 112, 118–19

Procreation, xii–xiv, xvii–xviii, xxvi–xxvii, xxix; analytics of, 49–50; creation and, 50, 104, 106, 111, 221; dissymmetry and, 26, 33, 48, 49–50, 53, 63, 136; ethics of, 50–54; focus on, 210–12; gratitude and, 58–59; Lacan on, xxix; liberation and, 216; lifting of censorship on, 119; metaphors of, 26; mother and, 226–27; rights, 119–20, 137; symbolic and, 198

Production of living beings/the living (production de vivant), xvii, xxvii, xxviii, 40–41, 249–50, 265n44; ethics of procreation and, 50–54; political economics and, xxviii; as tripartite, 4, 31–32, 254–55

Prostitution, xxvi–xxvii, 65, 77, 184, 287n2, 288n8; “breaking-in camps,” 184

Proust, Marcel, 92–93, 118

Psychanalyse et Politique (Psychoanalysis and Politics), xi, xiii, 89, 161, 262n2;, 296; beginning works, 144–46, 233–35; creation of, xix, 114–15, 202–3; idea behind, 143–44; Leclaire and, 147–48, 280nn8, 9; naming, 15–16; orientation, 17; university and, 83, 120–21; revolution of symbolic, 191

Psychoanalysis, xiii, xxviii–xxix, 114–15, 229; Beauvoir and, 108; body and, 86; contribution to, 55–56; democratization of, 58–59, 143–48; evolution of, 147–48; female identity and, 37; gestation and, 218–19; research on, 113–14; secularizing, 58–59; uterus envy and, 146–47; women and, 90

Psychoanalysis and Politics, see Psychanalyse et Politique

Publishing house, see Des Femmes publishing house

Qualitative parity, xxii, 173, 175–78, 217

Le Quotidien des femmes, 208, 296

Ramond, Michèle, 87, 91

Rape (viol), xxii–xxiii, 159, 163, 288n11; as crime, 3, 120, 162; daughter and, 241; effects of, 124–25; ethnic cleansing and, 123–24, 127; Freud on, 241; media and, 122–23; MLF fight against, 161–62, 241; in U.S., 283n31; wartime, 122–25, 163–64, 185–86, 277n18;

Reality principle, 25, 40, 48, 55, 62, 206, 237–38, 252–53, 293n3; denial of, 63; “there are two sexes” as, 63, 134

Reconnaissance, 271n17;

Regression-reintegration, 12, 38–39

Religion, 6, 126–32, 164; as fundamentalist, 128; Freud and, 148, 149; laïcité, 284n46; resurgence of, xxiv; see also Christianity; Islam; Monotheisms; Secularism

Repression, 207, 219; antiemancipatory, 26; of body, 248, 250; of hysteria, 57; psychoanalysis and primal, 63, 117

Republic of Sons, 65, 87, 149, 177

Revolution of the symbolic, 4, 90, 144, 191

Right to procreate , xxi, 7, 21, 47, 217

Rio Conference on Environment and Development, 155, 157, 229, 296

Rocard, Michel, 287n64;

Roudinesco, Elisabeth, 37

Rykiel, Sonia, 265n55;

Sainte-Anne, 20, 114, 268n11;

Sand, George, 92–93, 118, 212–13

Santos, Emma, 87, 91

Sarraute, Nathalie, 94, 100, 111, 112; writing of, 95–96

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 197

Secularism, xxi, xxii, xxiii–xxiv, 130, 131, 230; with and for women, 135

Sen, Amartya, xxiv–xxv; women missing from the census of world population and, 162, 185, 283n28;

Sexism, xxxi, 61, 182; misogyny compared to, 61

“Silk” revolution of the self (révolution de soi(e)), xx, 215, 227, 262n6

Slavery, xxx, 70, 188, 265n50; pornography and, xxiv; procreation and prostitution as forms of, xxvi, 8; prostitution as sexual, 184

Socialism, 28–29, 44, 149–51

Solanas, Valerie, 294n5;

Son, 28, 38, 85–86, 105 247–48; father and, xiv, 5, 26, 27, 58, 118; matricial and, 249; misogyny and, 63–64; mother and, 4, 38, 57–58; see also Boy child; Republic of sons

Steering Committee for Equality Between Women and Men (CDEG), 159, 286n62;

Surrogate mothers, 216, 223

Suu Kyi, Aung San, xxi, 75–79, 91, 178, 190, 273

Symbolic, 7–8; gynocide, 189; obstacles, 37–41; order laws, 62–64; procreation and, 198; revolution of, 4, 90, 144, 191; right to, 56

Thinking flesh, 41, 50, 57, 88, 199, 222

Thought, 3, 3, 103; ethical, 53, 58; expression of, 110; of the flesh, 12; freedom of, xxv; gestation and, 34–36; May ’68 as liberation of, 201; poetic creation and analytic, 90; primal, 93, 107; woman of action and woman of, xviii

Le torchon brûle, 21, 268n12;

Tota mulier in utero model, xxvii, 211

Tota mulier sine utero model, xxvii, 211

Translation policy, 89–93

Treaty of Rome, 179–82

Trintignant, Marie, xxv–xxvi

Triple production, xxvii, 65–66, 168–69; recognition of, 70

Ultraliberalism, 184, 188–89

Un-, 62, 99, 118–19

Unconscious, xxviii; archi-, 95; body and, 112; political, 17, 234–35; root of misogyny, 11–12

Underrepresentation, in government, xxi, 68–69; political, 66–67, 165, 173–74

Unemployment, xxvi–xxvii, 32–33, 285n51; in Europe, 166; in France, 65, 169; income support, 279n19; long-term, 69

Unisex symmetry, 87–88

Uni(sex)versalism, xxiii, xxvii, 189

United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 7, 66, 156–58

United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), 156

United States (U.S.), 7, 165, 242, 254, 283n31; see also American feminism

Universalism, 25–26, 45–46, 174–75, 188

Université Paris VIII, 83, 84, 268n6;, 274, 275, 296

U.S., see United States

Uterine, economy, 218; libido, 56, 144, 146, 147, 249; prostitution, 225; stage, 39–40; see also Female libido

Uterus, xxviii, 37–38, 250, 253–54; artificial, 221; domination over, 210; gestation for another and, 215–32; symbolization of, 246–47, 249

Uterus envy, xiii, xxviii, xxx, 104–5, 191, 205; democracy and, 43; gratitude in place of, 53–54; implications of, 271n6; misogyny and, 134; psychoanalysis and, 146–47

Veil (voile), xxii–xxiii

Veil law of 1974, 3, 22, 136, 267n4;

Veil, Simone, 266 n55, 269n14;

Vincente, 36, 196, 199, 295

Violence, xxv–xxvi, 26–27, 29; fundamentalism and, 164; misogyny and, 64–65, 73; see also Crimes against humanity; Crimes against women; Rape

Virgin Mary, 209–10

Visibility, 32–33, 63, 66

Le vivant, see The living

Levivant-parlant, see The living-speaking

Voice, 93, 208; genital, 92; matricial, 92; as the Orient of the text, 93; privileges of the living and, 109; see also La Bibliothèque des voix

Wahl, François, 12, 13

War against women, xxvii, 129

WEDO, see Women’s Environment and Development Organization

WHO, see World Health Organization

Wilson, Bob, 100, 104

Wittig, Monique, xix, 10–11, 16, 196, 200, 201–2, 206; on difference, 216; Les Guérillères, 86, 201–2

Woman giving birth to a woman (l’enfante femme), 211

Women’s Alliance for Democratization (Alliance des femmes pour la démocratisation), 9, 262n14;, 273n7

Women’s Alliance for Democracy (Alliance des femmes pour la démocratie), 89, 171, 267n14;, 279, 296; honorees, 265n55;

Women’s capacity to welcome the other, 49, 53, 58, 104, 116, 222

Women’s Environment and Development Organization (WEDO), 281

Women’s International Center, 296

Women’s Liberation Movement (Mouvement de Libération des Femmes), xi, xix, 262n1;, 296; activism, 256–57; assertion of a sexed identity by, 211; commitments, xxxi; dynamics, 9; evolution, 24–25, 213–14; feminism and, 207, 236, 257; fight against rape and, 161–62, 241; first public demonstration, 83–84, 205; as genesic event, 196; gestation for another and, 215–16; going public, 17–18; history, 195, 200–213, 234–35; Lacan and, 206; legal work, 87; May ’68 and, 27–28, 201–2, 216; men and, 257–59; as a movement of civilization, 5, 24, 32, 208, 213; naming, 15; nonmixity of, 203, 247–48; origins of, 10–11; psychoanalysis and, 143–44; role of, 3–4; struggles, 3, 5–6, 9, 21, 161, 175, 217, 220, 226, 256; see also Psychanalyse et Politique