Aboriginal peoples, and Arctic energy production, 158–70, 180, 182;
early history of, 158–60, 166 –67, 168;
and land claims/self-government, 166 –68, 180;
and Mackenzie River Valley gas pipeline project, 158–61, 165–70, 180
as oligopoly, xiv–xv;
and overconsumption, 119–22;
subsidies for, xiv, 9, 12, 13, 92–93, 121–22. See also agriculture, industrial;
beef industry;
food industry;
meat processing industry
agriculture, industrial, 3–18;
and artificial fertilizers, 7–12, 14, 15, 24, 27, 99, 120;
in Brazil, 89;
capital investment required for, 11–12, 22, 100;
and corn/grain as animal feed, 16 –17, 32, 85–86, 120, 121;
energy expended by, 15–17, 85–86, 119–21;
environmental impact of, 8–9, 13, 14, 24, 27, 119–21;
and fossil fuel use, 15–16, 17, 18, 19, 27, 120;
and hybrid corn, 6 –7;
and impact on farmers, 11–12, 22, 99, 100, 103;
jobs created by, 15;
and mechanization, 7–8, 15, 99, 100;
and outside suppliers, 15;
and overconsumption, 119–22;
and pesticide/herbicide use, 12–13, 14, 99, 100, 120;
and rural depopulation, 3–6;
as unsustainable, xvi, 5–6, 8, 18, 106 –7. See also agribusiness
agriculture, industrial, alternatives to, 18–28;
local food, 18–21;
local infrastructure, 21–23, 26, 56;
organic farming, 10, 11, 19, 23–26, 27–28, 56;
subsidies for, 26 –38
agriculture, traditional: and crop rotation, 7, 10;
and fair trade movement, 106;
jobs created by, 15;
and local suppliers, 15;
and problem of inconvenience, 22;
sustainability of, 4, 6, 20, 21, 24 –26, 103–4, 106 –7
Agriculture, U.S. Department of (USDA), 93, 101, 111, 125, 133, 141
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 43, 47, 55
Alberta: beef industry in, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35;
BSE in, 23, 29, 37, 42, 45, 51;
and Kyoto Protocol, 260;
oil sands project in, 157–58, 164
American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), 216
animal feed: cattle slaughtered for, 29, 50;
and grain consumption, 85–86, 120, 121
anti-fur campaign, 74–75
aquaculture, 64, 66, 70–71, 74, 81. See also fishing;
oceans;
seafood industry
Arctic, energy consumption/production in, 158–70, 181–83;
and Aboriginal peoples, 158–70, 180, 182;
and costs/effects of fossil fuels, 170, 171;
and Mackenzie Valley gas pipeline project, 158–61, 165–70, 180;
and renewable energy projects, 164–65
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 213, 312n10
beef industry, 29–60;
in Alberta, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35;
and beef consumption, 36–37;
and bovine tuberculosis, 38–39;
and cattle-beef commodity chain, 30–37, 41, 49, 50–51, 56;
exports by, 36–37. See also agribusiness;
BSE;
meat processing industry
Berger Commission, 158
Borlaug, Norman, 99
bovine tuberculosis, 30, 38–39, 41
and control of arable land, 88–91;
Landless Workers Movement in, 90–91
bovine tuberculosis in, 38–39, 41;
and nuclear energy, 195, 198, 201, 203
BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy), xviii, 37;
in Alberta, 23, 29, 37, 42, 45, 51;
British response to, 30, 39–42, 45, 46–47;
Canadian response to, 30, 42–46, 58–59;
German response to, xvi–xvii;
and risk management, 30, 40–46, 58–59;
and specified risk materials, 45, 289n28;
and variant CJD, 40–41, 287n14. See also beef industry;
meat processing industry
Bush, George W., 108, 170, 171;
energy policy of, 213, 227–28, 280, 310n3, 311n7
bycatch, 66–68
California, electricity deregulation in, 215
Canadian Cattle Identification Program, 50
Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), 43, 44, 47, 53, 55, 58, 59–60
CANDU nuclear reactors, 194
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, 96
Carter, Jimmy, 210–12
cattle: as animal feed, 29, 50;
and energy expended to turn into food, 15–17, 85–86, 120;
feeding of, 16–17, 32, 85–86, 120, 297n5;
and growth hormones, 31, 58, 120. See also beef industry;
BSE;
meat processing industry
cattle-beef commodity chain, 30–37, 41, 48, 50–51, 56
children, as targeted by food industry: in advertising, 110, 111, 122–23, 125, 128–29, 136, 140–41;
and public change, 136–37, 140–41;
in schools, 122–23, 131–32, 134, 136–37, 141, 142;
and scientific opinion, 128–31, 132–33
hunger and obesity in, 112, 113, 119;
nuclear energy in, 186;
pipeline project in, 170–81;
renewable energy in, 224–25, 226. See also Xinjiang Province (China), gas pipeline project in
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease), variant, 40–41, 287n14
coffee, fair prices for, 104–6
Community Intellectual Rights Act, 102
as animal feed, 16–17, 32, 121;
and ethanol, vi–ix;
corn syrup, high fructose (HFCS), 121, 130
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE), 211
Davis-Besse nuclear power plant (Ohio), 192, 196
democracy. See hunger, and absence of democracy
depopulation, rural, 3–6
economic models/measurement, inadequacy of, xi–xii
Eisenhower, Dwight D., xv
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 269
Energy, Department of (U.S.), 210, 227–28
energy conservation, 240, 253, 255–56, 259
energy consumption: in capitalist society, 150, 153–55;
and Chinese pipeline project, 171, 175–76, 180–83;
of industrial agriculture, 15–17, 85–86, 119–21;
and ingenuity, 147–57;
true costs of, 150–53. See also green/renewable energy;
hydrogen energy;
nuclear energy and entries following
energy crises, 209–11, 217–19, 238–39
energy efficiency, 208–36;
and California electricity crisis, 215;
Carter initiatives on, 211–12;
vs. curtailment, 310n3;
economics of, 226–29;
and fuel efficiency, 212–15, 255–56;
and productivity, 219, 314n18;
as real supply technology, 216–19;
and renewable energy, 219–26, 229–35
and soft path approach, 241 247–48, 253, 255–56;
and U.S. energy policy, 209–16
energy industry: in Arctic, 158–70, 180–83;
in China, 170–83;
and indigenous peoples/cultures, 158–83;
size/political clout of, 156–57;
subsidies for, 150–53, 226–28, 316n34, 316–17n35
Energy-Intelligent Europe initiative, 230
energy policy, U.S., 209–16;
under Bush, 213, 227–28, 280, 310n3, 311n7;
under Carter, 210–12;
and fossil fuels, 209, 212, 213, 227–28;
and hydrogen energy, 280;
under Nixon, 209–10;
under Reagan, 212, 310–11n5. See also soft path approach, to energy policy
ethanol, vi–ix
European Union, 31, 41, 58, 256, 265, 279;
efficiency/renewables strategy of, 229–31;
hydrogen energy strategy of, 265, 279–80;
renewable energy in, 220, 256;
and corn as animal feed, 16–17;
and corporate land ownership, 92;
economic impact of, 13–14;
and economies of scale, 18;
and fossil fuel use, 15–16, 17, 18;
jobs created by, 15
fair trade movement, 104–6
Farmers Diner (Barre, Vt.), 20–21, 27
“farm to fork” programs, 30, 50, 60
fast-breeder nuclear reactors, 194, 197–98, 202
fast food industry: and children, 110, 111, 122–23, 124, 130;
and portion sizes, 121–24, 133, 141;
and pricing incentives, 123–24;
and trans fats, 110–11, 133. See also food industry;
obesity;
overconsumption
fertilizers, artificial, 7–12, 14, 15, 24, 27, 99, 120. See also nitrogen
Finland, 136, 139, 190, 199, 200
fishing: and bycatch, 66–68;
and ecosystem damage, 69–70;
illegal, unregulated, and unreported, 78;
and postwar technology, 62–63, 65. See also aquaculture;
oceans;
seafood industry
Flexible Alternative Current Transmission System (FACTS), 269
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 64, 65, 66, 70, 85, 97–98
Food Guide Pyramid (USDA), 111, 125
food industry, 125–34;
and appearance of social responsibility, 110, 125–26, 127–28, 132;
and children, 110, 111, 122–23, 125, 128–34, 136–37, 140–41;
and collusion with government, 133, 143;
environmental impact of, 119–22;
major players in, 125;
and portion sizes, 111, 121–24, 132, 141;
and promotion of unhealthy eating, 110, 111, 116–17, 122–24, 125;
and public change, 134–37;
recommended actions for, 137–43;
and subsidized corn, 93, 121–22;
and tobacco industry, 126–28, 134;
and WHO, 132–33. See also agribusiness;
obesity;
overconsumption
food prices, viii–ix
food production. See agribusiness;
agriculture, industrial
food safety: and bovine tuberculosis, 38–39;
in Britain, 46–47;
and BSE, 39–46;
and meat inspection, 46–57;
and quality assurance protocols, 30, 48–51;
and risk management, 30, 40–46, 48, 49, 53, 57–60;
and scientific autonomy/freedom, 46–47
Ford, Henry, vi–vii
fossil fuels: costs/effects of, in Arctic, 164, 165;
and electricity demand, 184–85;
and industrial agriculture, 15–16, 17, 18, 19, 27, 120;
and modern lifestyle, 263–65;
and nuclear energy, 185, 186, 187–89;
uncontrolled demand for, 157–59;
and U.S. energy policy, 209, 212, 213, 227–28. See also natural gas;
oil sands project (Alberta)
France, 124, 190–91, 198, 200, 203
Fresh From the Farm (Toronto), 20, 27
fuel-cell technology, 161, 224, 266–68, 276, 277–78
fuel efficiency, 212–15, 255–56
genetically modified food (GMOs): and contamination of other varieties, 96, 98;
and control of seeds, 96–98;
and cost of food, 98–99;
and non-food production, 97;
and scarcity scare, 84
Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), 87
Germany, xvi–xvii, 186, 198, 200, 221, 226
Goldstein, Fritz, 61–62, 63, 70, 81–82
Grandin, Dr. Temple, 52–53
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (Australia), 80–81
green/renewable energy: Arctic projects involving, 164–65;
and energy efficiency, 219–26, 229–35;
in Germany, 221;
in India, 225;
obstacles to, 150–57;
trends in, by source, 220;
in U.S., 227. See also soft path approach, to energy policy;
see also specific types of energy
green/renewable energy, obstacles to: consumption, 150, 153–55;
costs, 150–53;
political/bureaucratic systems, 155–56;
small-scale/local advocacy of, 156–57
Green Revolution, 9, 11–12, 28, 99–100, 103
Grocery Manufacturers of America, 130
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 86–88, 273
Haines, Roland, 55
Halweil, Brian, 16, 19, 21, 22, 26
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP), 48–51
high-temperature gas (HTGR) nuclear reactors, 196–97, 202
hog and poultry barns. See factory farms
hunger, and absence of democracy, 83–109;
in Brazil, 88–91;
and control of arable land, 88–93;
and control of seeds, 94–104;
and fair trade movement, 104–6;
and GDP, as flawed measurement, 86–88;
and overconsumption/obesity, 88;
and scarcity scare, 83–84, 108–9
hydrogen energy, 161, 184, 224, 226, 259, 263–82;
benefits of, 264–65;
in Canada, 273, 274, 275, 276, 280–83;
and consumers as producers, 267, 270, 271–72, 279;
cost of, 272;
and developing world, 276–79;
and distributed generation, 268–73, 278;
economy built on, 273–76;
and fuel-cell technology, 161, 224, 266–68, 276, 277–78;
how it works, 265–66;
and organized labour, 274–75;
sustainability of, 275–76;
in U.S., 280;
webs (HEWs) for, 267, 270–72, 277–78, 281
farmers’ network in, 100–4;
Green Revolution in, 99–100, 103;
indigenous peoples/cultures, and energy production: in Arctic, 158–70, 180, 182;
in China, 171–75, 176–79, 180–81
ingenuity, and energy use, 147–57;
and green energy, 150–57. See also energy consumption;
green/renewable energy
International Institute for Sustainable Development, 151–52
Japan: atomic bombing of, 195;
and fuel efficient cars, 214;
cost of nuclear energy in, 190–91;
fishing by, 64;
and nuclear waste disposal, 198;
obesity in, 117;
solar energy in, 226
Kaiser Family Foundation, 129, 130
Kakfwi, Stephen, 168
Kennedy, Robert F., 86–87
Kessler, David, 126
Kirschenmann, Fred, 4, 17–18, 22, 23–24, 25, 26
Kuenast, Renate, xvi–xvii
Lakeside Packers, 35–36
land, ownership/control of, 92, 93;
in Brazil, 88–91
Landless Workers Movement (MST), in Brazil, 90–91
Leopold, Aldo, 75
Livestock Commission of Saskatchewan, 52
local food, 18–21
local infrastructure, for farmers, 21–23, 26, 56
Lovins, Amory B., 240–41, 245, 258, 259
Maastricht, Treaty of, 58
Mackenzie River Valley gas pipeline project: Aboriginal involvement in, 158–61, 165–70, 180;
early opposition to, 158–60, 166–67, 168;
funding of, 168;
and non-renewable energy issues, 162–66, 169–70
mad cow disease. See BSE;
see also beef industry;
meat processing industry
Manitoba, 39;
and alternatives to agribusiness culture, 3–5, 6, 14, 23, 25, 26
Mao Zedong, 182
McDonald’s, 110–11, 125, 130, 133
Meat and Canned Foods Act (1907), 46, 52
meat inspection, 46–57, 289n28;
in Britain, 46–47;
and “farm to fork” programs, 30, 50, 60;
legislation governing, 46, 52;
organoleptic, 48;
provincial, 51–57;
and quality assurance protocols, 30, 48–51;
and scientific autonomy/freedom, 46–47
meat processing industry, xv, 20–21, 29–60;
and bovine tuberculosis, 38–39;
and BSE, 39–46;
and cattle-beef commodity chain, 30–37, 41, 48, 50–51, 56;
and downer cattle, 53;
history of, 35–36;
and meat inspection, 46–47;
and quality assurance protocols, 30, 48–51;
and risk management, 30, 40–46, 48, 49, 53, 57–60;
and smaller abbatoirs, 51–47, 292n50. See also agribusiness;
beef industry
megaprojects, 237–38, 257. See also pipeline projects
Mexico, Gulf of, environmental “dead zone” in, 9, 120
Murphy, Tod, 20–21
Musyoka, Mumo, 104–5
Nanhai (China), petrochemicals refinery in, 178
National Energy Board, 168
National Soft Drink Association (U.S.), 131
natural capital, xi
and Alberta oil sands project, 162–63;
and Chinese pipeline project, 170–80;
and Mackenzie Valley pipeline project, 158–70;
world reserves of, 180
Navdanya (Indian farmers’ network), 100–4;
and community intellectual property rights, 101–2, 104;
and organic farming, 103;
patent challenges by, 101;
and seed saving/sharing, 100–1, 102, 104
9/11, terrorist attacks of, 176, 204, 254
environmental effects of, 8–9, 12, 14, 120;
and grain prices, 9;
Nixon, Richard, 209–10
Northeast blackout of 2003, x, 273
nuclear energy, 185–91, 213, 260;
cost of, 191–93;
decline/phasing out of, 186, 187, 205;
and electricity demand/supply, 184–85;
expansion of, 186–87, 189–90, 195;
and greenhouse gases, 184, 185, 187–89;
and restructuring/consolidation of utilities, 186–87
nuclear energy, obtacles to expansion of, 190–207;
theft and sabotage, 202, 204–5;
waste disposal, 189, 191–92, 198–200, 203, 205, 206;
weapons proliferation, 201–3, 205, 206–7, 259
nuclear reactors, 152, 184–87, 238, 257;
CANDU, 194;
cost of building, 191;
decommissioning of, 192, 205, 231–32;
fast-breeder, 194, 197–98, 202;
gas-cooled, 194;
high-temperature gas, 196–97, 202;
light water, 188, 189, 192, 193, 196, 197, 201–2;
PIUS, 204;
RMBK, 194;
and thorium, 201;
and uranium enrichment process, 188, 193–94
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.), 186, 192
nuclear waste, 191–92, 198–200, 203, 205;
repositories for, 189, 192, 199–200, 206
nuclear weapons, 195, 201–3, 205, 206–7, 259
nutrition: programs on, 110, 142;
and transition to modern society, 118–19;
obesity, 110–44;
actions to reduce/prevent, 137–43;
and fattening environment, 117–18;
and food production, 119–22;
and food taxes, 138–19, 140, 142;
global increase in, 113;
health care costs of, 114;
medical conditions associated with, 113, 114, 116;
and overconsumption, 88, 110–12, 118–19;
as personal responsibility, 134–36, 139, 143;
and physical inactivity, 111–12, 113, 118–19, 140;
and poor diet, 88, 111–12, 113–14, 116–7, 142;
and portion sizes, 111, 121–24, 133, 141;
and promotion of unhealthy eating, 116–17, 122–24, 125, 128–34;
as social justice issue, 139;
and soft drinks, 130–31;
and transition to modern society, 118–19. See also food industry;
overconsumption
obesity, and issues to address, 137–43;
advertising to children, 140–41;
coalitions of concerned groups, 143;
economic issues, 142;
food industry-government interaction, 142;
food industry play-book, 137–38;
global priorities, 139–40;
nutrition “superfund,” 138, 140;
physical activity, 140;
portion sizing, 141;
social attitude change, 139;
soft drinks/snack foods in schools, 141, 142
oceans: damage to, 68–70;
endangered/vulnerable species of, 62–66, 67–68, 72–74, 76–77;
management of, 77–81;
and need for ethic of, 75–77;
zoning of, 79–81. See also aquaculture;
fishing;
seafood industry
oil embargo of 1973, 209, 217, 238
oil sands project (Alberta), 161–62, 170
oil supply, and tensions in Middle East, 217, 239, 264–65
Olson, Mancur, 156
cost of electricity in, 150–52;
meat processing in, 54–55, 292n50
organic farming, 10, 11, 19, 23–26, 27–28, 56
Organic Valley Farms, 23–26, 28
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 211, 238, 264
overconsumption: and food production, 119–22;
and obesity, 88, 110–12, 118–19;
as personal responsibility, 134–36, 139, 143;
and subsidies, 121–22;
and transition to modern society, 118–19. See also food industry;
obesity
Paley Commission on energy, 209
Peaster, Marwyn, 29
pesticides and herbicides, 12–13, 14, 99, 100, 120
Petro-Canada, 179
Pioneer Hy-Bred Corn Company, 6
pipeline projects: in Arctic, 158–70;
in China, 170–80;
importance/implications of, 180–83
plants, patent and protection legislation governing, 95
plutonium, 190, 194, 197–98, 201–2, 203, 206
in France, 124;
Kraft’s promise to cut, 111, 133;
and pricing incentives, 123–24
precautionary principle, 58–59, 60, 79
Process Inherent Ultimate Safe (PIUS) nuclear reactors, 205
Prusiner, Dr. Stanley, 40
Rancho Seco nuclear reactor (Sacramento), 231–32, 236
Reagan, Ronald, 105;
energy policy of, 212, 310–11n5
renewable energy. See green/renewable energy
risk management, and food safety, 30, 40–46, 48, 49, 53, 57–60;
and precautionary principle, 58–59, 60
Royal Dutch Shell, 166, 178–79, 225–26, 271. See also Shell Canada
Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD), closure of nuclear facility, 231–32, 235;
cool roof program, 233;
efficiency/renewables strategy of, 231–35;
geothermal/biomass technology, 234;
photovoltaic technology, 232, 233–34;
tree planting, 232;
wind turbine, 232
scarcity of food, as manufactured crisis, 83–84, 107–8. See also hunger, and absence of democracy
seafood farming (aquaculture), 64, 66, 70–71, 74, 81. See also fishing;
oceans;
seafood industry
seafood industry, 61–82;
and bycatch, 66–68;
and consumer education, 72–75, 76–77;
and ecosystem damage, 68–70;
and ecosystem management, 77–81;
and endangered/vulnerable species, 62–63, 67–68, 72–74, 76–77;
and fish consumption, 64;
as global phenomenon, 63–64, 65–66;
and need for Sea Ethic, 75–77;
and ocean zoning, 79–81;
and postwar technology, 62–63, 65;
sustainability of, 72–75. See also fishing;
oceans
seeds, control of, 94–104;
by corporations, 94, 95–96, 97;
early sharing and saving of, 94–95;
and extinction of early varieties, 96;
and GMOs, 96–98;
lawsuits over, 97;
legislation governing, 95
Sen, Amartya, 104
Senate, Canadian, and investigation of BSE, 42–43
Shell Canada, 159, 166, 178. See also Royal Dutch Shell
Slow Food movement, xvi
soft drinks: and groundwater damage, 120;
in schools, 131–32, 134, 136, 141;
scientific opinion on, 130–31;
and subsidized corn, 121–22;
tax on, 138
soft path approach, to energy policy, 232–66;
analysis of, 248–51;
Canadian study of, 246, 251–54;
and climate change, 257–58;
economics of, 240–41;
and energy conservation, 240, 253, 255–56, 259;
and energy crises, 237–39;
and energy demand reduction, 241, 244, 255–56, 258;
and energy efficiency, 241, 247–48, 253, 255–56;
and energy exports to U.S., 256;
and energy quality matched to end-use needs, 245–48, 249–50;
and era of energy “normalcy,” 254, 260;
flaws/limitations of, 259–61;
and hard path technologies, 240, 257;
implications of, 261;
origins of term, 239–40;
political influences on, 260;
in post-1985 world, 253–57;
and renewable energy, 240, 244, 254, 256, 259, 260;
re-visioning, 257–62;
and secure energy supply vs. social/environmental costs, 238–39, 240, 258–59;
and soft technologies, 243–48;
strategy of, 242–43;
and supply options, 250–51;
and values-based choices, 241–42, 243–44
solar energy, 210, 226, 232, 233–34, 256
South Africa, nuclear reactor project in, 196–97
soy and soybeans, 10, 18, 86, 89, 96, 98
subsidies, government: for agribusiness, xiv, 9, 12, 13, 92–93;
for energy, 150–53, 286–28, 316n34, 316–17n35;
for inefficient vehicles, 213, 311n7;
for sustainable farms, 26–28
SUVs, ix, 164, 214, 255–56, 311n7
Third World Network, 102
Thompson, Tommy, 133
Three Mile Island, 195
Toronto Renewable Energy Co-operative, 155–56
Torrie, Ralph, 253–54, 258, 260
TransFair USA, 106
Trudeau, Pierre, 159
tuberculosis, bovine, 38–39
tuna fishing, 66–67
Tyson Foods, xv
Uighurs of Xinjiang, China, 172–75, 176–79, 180–81. See also Xinjiang Province (China)
unhealthy eating, 122–24;
actions to combat, 137–43;
factors affecting, 116–17;
and need for change in public opinion, 134–37;
and pricing incentives, 123–24;
as promoted to children, 110, 111, 122–23, 125, 128–34, 136–37, 140–41;
in schools, 122–23, 131–32, 134, 136–37, 141, 142;
and taste, 123
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 169
United States: Canadian energy exports to, 256;
energy policy of, 209–16, 280;
fishing by, 63;
renewable energy in, 227;
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 93, 101, 111, 125, 133, 141
uranium, 188, 193–94, 197, 198, 201–3, 238
Urumqi (China). See Uighurs of Xinjiang, China;
Xinjiang Province (China)
Via Campesina (international peasants’ organization), 104
Wallace, Henry, 6–7
WhaTi, N.W.T., 165
wind energy projects, 220–24, 256;
and Cape Cod proposal, 228;
in Germany, 221;
in India, 225;
resistance to, 228–29;
in Sacramento, 232;
in Toronto, 155–56
World Health Organization (WHO), 112, 113, 129, 132–33, 140
Xinjiang Province (China), gas pipeline project in, 170–81;
and economic boom, 171–73, 174–75;
and energy consumption, 173, 175–76, 180–83;
and intranational conflict, 176–80;
and Uighur majority, 171–75, 176–79, 180–81
Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository (Nevada), 189, 192, 200