Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

Preface

Introduction

1. Speculative Freemasonry in Early Hanoverian London

2. Parisian Masonry, the Lodge of the Nine Sisters and the French Enlightenment

3. Prague and Viennese Freemasonry, the Enlightenment and the Operations of the True Harmony Lodge of Vienna

Conclusion: An Evaluation of Eighteenth-Century Speculative Freemasonry in London, Paris, Prague and Vienna

Appendix 1: Lodges

Appendix 2: Benjamin Franklin: A Masonic Enlightener in Paris

Appendix 3: Freemasonry as a Source of Jewish Civic Rights in Late Eighteenth-Century Vienna and Philadelphia: A Study in Atlantic History

Chapter Notes

Bibliography

List of Names and Terms