absorption 158
acting 1–4; Adlerian psychology 112–118; autonomy 140; concentration 158; cultural context 7–8; Erikson’s psychology 144–150; Freudian psychology 65–75; Horney’s psychology 126–132; Jungian psychology 79, 82–83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88–103; Maslow’s psychology 154, 161–166; multi-perspectival orientation 12–13; neurotics 122; personality tests 184; “post-dramatic” approach 10; postmodernism 8–9, 47; self-awareness and self-knowledge 199–201; Wilber’s psychology 172–181; see also characters
active imagination 28, 29, 77, 87–88, 100–103
Adler, Alfred 105–119, 156; activities for actors 112–118; AQAL approach 170; cooperation 111; early childhood recollections 108–109, 114–115; influence on Maslow 150, 151, 154; life goals and lifestyle 107–108, 115; social context 111, 112; will to power 106–107
affective memory 2
aggression 54, 65, 69, 85, 107, 123
agreeableness 188
American Psychiatric Association 190
American Psychological Association (APA) 20, 33, 35, 47–48
anal stage 57, 66–67, 68, 69, 139
anxiety 64, 193; basic 121–122; Freud 58–59; obsessive-compulsive disorder 196
archetypes 78–79, 82, 83–84, 86, 89–90
Aristotle 189
arrogant-vindictiveness 124
Association for Analytical Psychology 29
autonomy 139–140, 145, 147–150, 157
Barzun, Jacques 37
Beck, Aaron T. 46
behaviorism 5, 26, 45, 189; Diderot as forefather to 2; historical developments 30–34, 35; humanistic critique of 37; Maslow 151, 152, 154; models 6; rejection of 44
beliefs 5, 123; fictional 107–108, 113
“Big Five” personality factors 186–189
body 103
borderline personality disorder (BPD) 190–192, 199
Briggs, Katharine 185
Brücke, Ernest 21
care 143
Cartesian split 17
characters: active imagination 103; Adler inventory 114; archetypes 89–90; cooperation 111; coping strategies 128; defenses 72; developmental lines 180; developmental stages 146; dominance/power relationships 117–118; dreamwork 100; early childhood recollections 115; emotional self-study 132; expectations 108; free association 74–75; hierarchy of needs 161–163; inside out or outside in approaches 189; life goals and lifestyle 116; mental illness 198–199; motivation 1; neurotics 122; Oedipus complex 59–60; persona 95; postmodern perspective 47; self-actualization 160, 163–165; self-image 129, 131; shadow 85, 96; stages of psychosexual development 66–68; type analysis 90–91, 93; see also acting
childhood memories 108–109, 114–115, 130
China 16
Christianity 17
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 46
collective unconscious 28, 78–79, 82, 86
community feelings 111
compensation 106
compliance 123
computer model of cognition 44
concentration 158
Confucius 16
conscientiousness 188
consciousness: behaviorist critique 31, 32; cognitive psychology 44, 45; Eastern philosophies 15–16; Freud 23, 27, 54; Jung 82, 84; Maslow 35; spectrum of 167, 170–171; states of 168–169; stream of 20; Titchener 20; Wundt 18; see also the unconscious
continuity 135
coping strategies 122–125, 127–128
culture 7–8, 27, 122, 126, 144, 157
cyclothymic disorder 194
Darwin, Charles 20, 33, 107, 156
defenses: active imagination 102; basic anxiety 121–122; Freud 25, 58, 59, 61–64, 70–72; Maslow 159
Democritus 16
depression 143, 192–193; borderline personality disorder 191; manic 194–195; “self-help” 46
despair 143
development: Erikson 134–135, 136–144, 145–150; Freud’s stages of psychosexual development 56–60, 61, 64–65, 66–69, 136, 139, 140, 178; Horney 122; Piaget’s model of cognitive development 177–178; “pillars” of psychology 48; self-development 159, 164; Wilber 168, 170–172
developmental lines 64–65, 168, 170–171, 177–180
Dewey, John 152
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) 190–191, 193
displacement 25
dreams 23, 60–61, 85–87, 96–100, 103
drives 24, 27, 54–55, 58, 68, 85, 140
dualism 17
Dubos, Rene 37
early childhood recollections 108–109, 114–115, 130
Eastern philosophies 15–16, 43, 160, 167, 170–171
ego 24, 25, 55–56, 88, 140; ego defenses 59, 61–62, 63, 72, 159; ego-development stages 134; ego integrity 143; fixed nature of personality 77; Jung 82–83; stages of psychosexual development 57, 58, 67, 69
Electra complex 67
embodied cognition 45
emotions 5; dreamwork 99; hysteria 22; Jung 88; schizophrenia 197; studying your 131–132; Watson 32
enactment 45
Erhard Seminars Training (EST) 38, 39
Erikson, Erik 134–150, 172; activities for actors 144–150; AQAL approach 170; developmental stages 136–144, 145–150
evolutionary theory 20, 107, 111, 156
existential psychology 38
extroversion 79–80, 91–93, 184, 185, 187–188
faith 139
fantasies: Jung 28, 29, 87–88; neurotics 108
Feldenkrais, Moshe 40
femininity 84
fictional beliefs 107–108, 113
Fischer, Kurt 178
Fitzmaurice, Catherine 40
Fliess, Wilhelm 23
“flow state” 165
Frankl, Viktor 38
free association 60, 61–62, 72–75, 98–99
Freud, Anna 61–65, 134, 168, 171
Freud, Sigmund 3, 6, 8, 31, 54–76, 112, 156; activities for actors 65–75; Adler and 105; AQAL approach 170; Brentano’s influence on 18; defenses 62, 63, 64, 70–72; developmental lines 171; dreams 60–61, 85; Erikson and 134, 136, 141, 144; free association 60, 72–75, 98; Freudian text analysis 68–69; history of psychology 21–26; humanistic psychology contrasted with 37–38; id, ego and superego 55–56; inner experience 190; Jung and 26–28, 30, 77–78; Maslow and 151, 154; neo-Freudians 120; stages of psychosexual development 56–60, 64–65, 66–69, 136, 139, 140; see also psychoanalysis
Fromm, Erich 151
Gardner, Howard 178
Gestalt psychology 151, 152, 154
Gilligan, Carol 178
goals: Adler 107–108, 109, 110, 113, 115–117; Horney 128–129; Maslow 155
Goldstein, Kurt 151
Greeks, ancient 16–17, 45, 200, 201
growth 199; Adler 113; humanistic psychology 37; Jung 81; Maslow 153, 154, 158; Wilber 168
Gurung, R. A. R. 48
Harlow, Harry 36
hierarchy of needs 36, 38, 152–154, 156, 161–163
holism 152
honesty 158
Horney, Karen 120–133, 156; activities for actors 126–132; AQAL approach 170; basic anxiety 121–122; coping strategies 122–125, 127–128; developmental lines 171; idealized image 125; influence on Maslow 150, 151, 154; tyranny of the shoulds 125–126
human potential movement 40
humanistic psychology 35–41, 43, 45, 189; see also Maslow
Husserl, Edmund 18
hypomania 195
idealized image 125
identity 135–136, 141–142, 145, 146; see also self
identity confusion 141–142, 145, 146
imagination 103; see also active imagination
imitation 45
individualism 111
individuation 30, 78, 83, 85, 154
inferiority 106, 109, 110, 111, 117, 140–141, 145
International Psychoanalytical Association 29
intersubjectivity 174
introspection 18–19, 20, 31, 32
introversion 79–80, 91–93, 184, 185
isolation 63, 64, 71, 142, 145
“its” perspective 173, 175–176
James, William 18, 19, 20–21, 31, 44, 152, 156–157
Jencks, C. 8
Johnson, Robert 87
Jonah complex 159–160, 164–165
Jourard, Sidney 35
Judaism 17
judgment 159
Jung, Carl Gustav 6, 77–104, 112; active imagination 29, 87–88, 100–103; activities for actors 88–103; archetypes 89–90; developmental lines 171; dreamwork 85–87, 98; history of psychology 24, 25, 26–30; influence on Maslow 154; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 185; personality types and functions 79–82; structure of the psyche 82–85; two realms of the unconscious 78–79
Koffka, Kurt 151
Kohlberg, L. 178
Krippner, Stanley 39
levels 168
libido 77
life goals 107–108, 110, 113, 115–117, 128–129
life span developmental model 134
lines 64–65, 168, 170–171, 177–180
Linklater, Kristin 40
Linton, Ralph 151
love: Erikson 142–143, 145; Horney 126; Maslow 152–153, 154, 155, 162
maps 6, 8, 43, 48–49, 154, 199–200
masculinity 84
Maslow, Abraham 150, 151–166, 172; activities for actors 161–166; Adler’s influence on 106; AQAL approach 170; hierarchy of needs 36, 38, 152–154, 156, 161–163; history of psychology 35, 36–37, 40–42, 43; influence on Wilber 178; peak experiences 160–161; self-actualization 106–107, 155–160
materialism 33
Matson, Floyd 37
May, Rollo 35, 37, 38, 39–40, 41, 106
Mead, Margaret 151
meaning 5
meditation 1–2, 15, 43, 100, 101, 181, 200
memory: affective 2; early childhood recollections 108–109, 114–115, 130; Freud’s tripartite model 54; hysteria 22; Jung 78; schizophrenia 197
mental hygiene 4
mind: Freud’s tripartite model 23–24, 54; mind-body dualism 17; Wundt 19
models 6, 8, 43, 48–49, 154, 200
mood 100–101, 190–191, 193, 194–195
motivation 1, 36, 152, 155, 156, 161–162
Moustakas, Clark 35
multi-perspectival orientation 12–13
Murphy, Gardner 37
Murray, Henry 37
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) 81, 185–186
Myers, D. G. 5
NEO Personality Inventory - Revised (NEO PI-R) 188–189
neurosis: basic anxiety 121–122; birth order 110; coping strategies 122–123; emotional self-study 131–132; Freud 23, 25, 58–59, 78; Horney 126; inferiority complex 106, 111; Jung 83, 84–85; life goals 108; Maslow 153–154; psychotherapy 30
Newell, Allen 44
Nietzsche, Friedrich 106
object relations 65
observation 45
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) 195–196, 198
Oedipus complex 23, 24–25, 59–60, 67
parenting 57
Paul, Annie Murphy 81
Pavlov, Ivan 33
peak experiences 41–42, 157, 159, 160–161, 165
perfectionism 124
perinatal depression 192
persistent depressive disorder 192
personal mythology 28
personality: “Big Five” factors 186–189; Erikson 134, 137; Freud 55–56, 77–78; Horney 121, 122, 126–127; isolation 63; Jung 28, 78, 79–82, 83, 84, 91; Maslow 155; “pillars” of psychology 48–49; type analysis 90–93
phrenology 183
Plato 189
play 140
positive psychology 1
“post-dramatic” approach 10
post-Freudians 134
postmodernism 8–9, 38, 47, 144, 181
primary process thinking 24, 55
projection: Freud 25, 63, 64, 70, 71; Jung 84–85; shadow 94, 95–96
Protagoras 16
psyche: Freud 56; Horney 122; Jung 78, 82–85; Maslow 154
psychoanalysis 6, 22–23, 25, 35, 55–56; activities for actors 65–75; criticism of 46; defenses 61–62; Erikson 134, 144; free association 60, 72–75; Horney 120–121; humanistic critique 37; Jung 83; Maslow 152; psychohistory 136; see also Freud; psychotherapy
psychohistory 136
psychological testing 7, 183–189
psychosexual development 56–60, 61, 64–65, 66–69, 136, 139, 140, 178
psychosocial development 134
psychotherapy 4, 34–35, 61; cognitive behavioral therapy 46; Horney 121; individual psychology 105–106; Jung 30, 78, 84; see also psychoanalysis
psychotic depression 193
rationalization 25, 62–63, 64, 70, 71
reaction formation 25, 63, 64, 71
real self 122, 123, 125, 128–131
reality principle 24
repression: Freud 25, 26, 58, 62, 64, 67, 68, 71; Jung 78, 83–84
risk taking 140
Russia 2
sameness 135
seasonal affective disorder 193
secondary process thinking 24, 55, 58
seduction theory 23
self 6, 41; idealized 125–126; Jung 82; postmodern perspective 47; real 122, 123, 125, 128–131; see also identity
self-actualization 40, 106–107, 129, 151, 155–160; activities for actors 163–165; hierarchy of needs 153, 154, 162; peak experiences 42, 161
self-awareness 46, 65–66, 72, 74, 85, 86, 158, 199–200
self-care 4
self-efficacy 45
self-esteem 46, 108, 126, 152–154, 155, 162, 172
self-knowledge 99, 100, 103, 115, 155, 201
sexual abuse 23
sexuality 27, 36, 105; see also psychosexual development
shadow 83–84, 85, 94, 95–96, 101
Shakespeare, William 56, 68–69
siblings 110
Simon, Herbert A. 44
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) 187, 188–189
Slade, Henry 19
social context 46, 111, 112–113
soul 17
spirituality 27–28, 42, 78, 170
Stanislavsky, Constantine 2–3, 8, 56, 108, 154, 180, 200
stream of consciousness 20
stress 4
Stumpf, Carl 18
sublimation 25, 64, 67, 71, 106
superego 25, 55–56, 57, 67, 77
superiority 105, 106, 107, 108, 109
Sutich, Anthony 35, 36–37, 40, 42, 43
tics 196
transpersonal psychology 40–43, 161, 167
trust 137–138, 145, 146, 147–150
types 169; see also archetypes
tyranny of the shoulds 125–126
Ulrici, Hermann 19
the unconscious: active imagination 100–103; dreamwork 98–99; free association 73, 75; Freud 23–24, 25–26, 54, 55, 56; Jung 29, 78–79, 82, 84, 85–87, 88, 100
Urbina, S. 184
venues 176
vindictiveness 124
voice 103
Walach, Harald 25
Wilber, Ken 167–182, 189; activities for actors 172–181; AQAL approach 169–172; components of the integral theory 167–169
wisdom 144
Zöllner, Johann Karl 19