Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith: Religion in American War and Diplomacy

Taft, Robert A.

Taft, William Howard, 12.1, 15.1

Taiping Rebellion

Taiwan, 27.1, 27.2

Talbot, Francis Xavier

Taliban, prf.1, epl.1

Taylor, Myron C., 18.1, 19.1, 22.1, nts.1n

anticommunism of, 21.1, 22.1, 22.2, 24.1, 25.1

as special envoy to Vatican, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1, 19.2, 21.1, 22.1, 25.1, 29.1

Taylor, Nathaniel W.

telegraph

temperance movement

Ten Commandments, The (film), 23.1

Tennent, Gilbert, 3.1, 3.2

Tennent, William

terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, prf.1, epl.1, epl.2, epl.3, epl.4

Tet Offensive, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3, 26.4, 26.5

Texas, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

U.S. annexation of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

Texas Railroad Commission

Theological Discussion Group

Thich Nhat Hanh

Third World, 23.1, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3

Thirteenth Amendment

Thirty Years’ War

Thomas, Norman, 13.1, 14.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 20.1

Thomas Aquinas, Saint

Thoreau, Henry David

Thornwell, James Henley

Tibet

Tillich, Paul, 16.1, 21.1, 25.1

Tillman, Ben

Time, 18.1, 19.1, 20.1, 25.1

Times (London), 21.1

“Time to Break Silence, A” (King)

Tippy, Worth W.

Tittle, Ernest Fremont

tobacco

Tocqueville, Alexis de, itr.1, itr.2

Tolstoy, Alexandra L.

Tomlinson, A. J.

Torgersen, Gordon M.

Tories

Torrey, Reuben A., 14.1, 15.1

Toynbee, Arnold, 21.1, 22.1

Transcendentalists, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

Transcontinental Treaty of 1819

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

Treaty of Hartford (1638)

Treaty of Paris (1898), 12.1, 12.2

Treaty of Rome (1957)

Treaty of Ryswick (1697)

Treaty of Utrecht (1713)

Treaty of Versailles (1919), 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 16.1

Trenton, Battle of

Tripoli

Truman, Bess

Truman, Harry S., itr.1, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 19.2, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 22.4, 22.5, 23.1, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4, 24.5, 24.6, 24.7, 24.8, 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 27.1, 28.1, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3

anticommunism of, 21.1, 22.1

atomic bomb decision of

background of

containment strategy and, 21.1, 21.2

and declaration of Cold War

desegregation of the military and

holy war tradition and

Israel recognition decision of

just war tradition and

Korean War and

NATO debate and

Pius XII’s correspondence with

Point Four program of

religious faith of, 21.1, 22.1

worldview of, 22.1, 22.2

Zionism policy and

Truman, Margaret

Truman administration, 21.1, 22.1, 23.1, 23.2, 23.3, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4, 24.5, 24.6, 25.1

Truman Doctrine, 21.1, 22.1, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3

Tucker, Henry St. George

Tunis

Turkey, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 14.1, 15.1, 18.1, 19.1, 21.1, 22.1, epl.1

Turner, Frederick Jackson

Turner, Henry M.

Turner, Nat

Twain, Mark, 10.1, 11.1, 13.1

Twombly, Alexander

Tyng, S. H.

Ukraine, 28.1, 29.1, epl.1

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 9.1

Underhill, John

UNICEF, 27.1, 27.2

unilateralism, itr.1, 5.1, 10.1, epl.1

Union for Democratic Action

Union Ministers’ Association

Union Missionary Training Institute

Union Theological Seminary, 13.1, 13.2, 16.1, 16.2, 20.1, 20.2, 24.1, 25.1, 26.1, 26.2, 28.1

Unitarian Fellowship for Social Justice

Unitarianism, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 13.1, 14.1, 19.1, 26.1, 29.1

United Christian Missionary Society

United Church of Christ, 24.1, 26.1

United Church Women, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3

United Cloth and Cap Makers Union

United Council of Church Women

United Evangelical Action, 24.1

United Jewish Laymen’s Committee

United Methodist Church

United Nations, itr.1, 17.1, 18.1, 21.1, 21.2, 24.1, 24.2, 25.1, 26.1, 27.1, 28.1, 28.2, epl.1

Charter of, 20.1, 21.1, 28.1

China seated in, 24.1, 24.2

conservative criticism of, 21.1, 27.1

domestic jurisdiction issue and

establishment of

evangelist criticism of

fundamentalist opposition to, 21.1, 24.1

IWY and

Jewish support for

Korean War and

nuclear disarmament issue and

premillennialist opposition to

religious opposition to

religious support for

withdrawal clause debate and

Zionism as racism resolution of

see also San Francisco Conference

United Service Organizations

United States Information Agency (USIA), 23.1, 24.1

United States Information Exchange programs

Universal Christian Council for Life and Work Conference

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 24.1, 28.1

Universalists, 7.1, 9.1, 13.1, 26.1

Utrecht, Treaty of (1713)

Vandenberg, Arthur, 21.1, 21.2, 21.3

Van Dusen, Henry Pit, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 19.1, 21.1, 21.2

Vanik, Charles, 28.1, 28.2

Van Kirk, Walter W., 16.1, 16.2, 20.1, 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.4, 23.1, 24.1

Van Roey, Jozef-Ernest

Vashchenko family

Vatican, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 8.1, 9.1, 12.1, 12.2, 14.1, 18.1, 20.1, 20.2, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 24.1, 26.1, 29.1

Allied strategy condemned by

anticommunism of

FDR’s spiritual diplomacy initiative and

Kennedy administration and

peace offensive of

Reagan and U.S. relations with

Soviet aid debate and

Taylor’s missions to, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 21.1, 21.2, 22.1, 25.1, nts.1n

U.S.’s diplomatic initiative and

Vietnam conflict and, 26.1, 26.2

see also Catholic Church

Vatican II, 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 26.1, 29.1

Velde, Harold H.

Venizelos, Eleftherios

Venner, Thomas

Vergennes, Comte de

Versailles, Treaty of (1919), 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 16.1

Vichy France, 15.1, 15.2

Viet Cong, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3

Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (North Vietnam), 24.1, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3, 26.4

Vietnam, Republic of (South Vietnam), 23.1, 25.1, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3

Buddhist uprisings of 1963 in, 25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2

Vietnam: Lotus in a Sea of Fire (Thich Nhat Hanh), 25.1

Vietnam War, prf.1, 12.1, 22.1, 24.1, 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.5, 27.1, 27.2, 28.1, 28.2, 28.3, 29.1, 29.2

antiwar movement and, 26.1, 26.2

clerics’ opposition to

conscientious objectors and

draft and

evangelical support of

Jewish support of

just war theory and, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3, 26.4, 26.5

King and

McNamara and

New Left and

Operation Rolling Thunder in

religious opposition to

religious support for

Tet Offensive in, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3, 26.4

Virginia colony, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1

founding of

Methodism in

Powhatan’s war with

Virginia Company, itr.1, 1.1

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

virtue, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

Vitoria, Francisco de

Voice of America

voluntarism, itr.1, 5.1, 5.2

Christianity and

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Wade, Raymond J.

Wagner, Robert, 18.1, 18.2, 23.1

Wall, Wendy

Wallace, George, 27.1, 27.2

Wallace, Henry A., 18.1, 20.1, 21.1, 24.1

Wallis, Jim

Walsh, Edmund A., 17.1, 19.1

Wampanoag Indians, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2

War, Peace and Change (Dulles), 21.1

Ward, Harry F., 16.1, 16.2, 19.1, 19.2

War Department, U.S., 7.1, 8.1, 22.1

Warnshuis, A. L.

War of 1812, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 12.1, 15.1, 17.1, 20.1

Canada and

causes of

end of

Federalists’ opposition to

impressment policy and

New England’s opposition to, 6.1, 7.1

pacifists and

religious opposition to

role of religion in

U.S. expansion and

War of the Austrian Succession, see King George’s War

War of the League of Augsburg (1689–1697), see King William’s War

War of the Spanish Succession, see Queen Anne’s War

War on Poverty, 26.1, 27.1

War on Terror

Warren, Rick

Washburn, Abbott

Washington, George, itr.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 17.1, 17.2, 23.1, 29.1, epl.1

Farewell Address of, 3.1, 5.1, 7.1

neutrality policy of

religiousness of

Washington Post, 28.1, epl.1

Watergate scandal, 27.1, 28.1, 28.2, 29.1

Wayne, John

Weber, Max

Webster, Daniel, 7.1, 7.2

Webster, Noah

Weems, Mason “Parson”

Welles, Sumner, 9.1, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 21.1, 21.2

Wendte, Charles W.

Wenzel, August E.

Wesley, John, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1

West, Dan

West Africa

western expansion

abolitionist opposition to, 8.1, 8.2

African Americans’ opposition to

Christianity and

in colonial era

Emerson on

evangelist opposition to

frontier thesis and

Homestead Act and

Indian Removal and, 8.1, 8.2

invention of the telegraph and

manifest destiny and, see manifest destiny

slavery and, 5.1, 5.2

spread of slavery and

War of 1812 and

Westmoreland, William C.

Wetmore, Izrahiah

Weyler, Valeriano, 12.1, 12.2

Whig Party, U.S., 7.1, 8.1

Whiskey Rebellion of 1794

Whitefield, George, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2, 14.1, 24.1

Edwards contrasted with

tomb of

Whittier, John Greenleaf

“Why the Christian Church Is Not Pacifist” (Niebuhr)

Wicke, Lloyd C.

Wilhelm II, Kaiser of Germany

Willard, Joseph

William III, King of England, 3.1, 3.2

Williams, Eunice, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1

Williams, George

Williams, John

Williams, Roger, 2.1, 2.2

Willkie, Wendell

Wills, Garry

Wilson, Charlie

Wilson, Woodrow, prf.1, 10.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2, 20.1, 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 23.1

Bryan’s rift with

covenant theology of

declaration of war and

ecumenical movement and

Fourteen Points of, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4

Lusitania sinking reaction of, 13.1

principles of

religious faith of, 14.1, 15.1

Vatican peace proposal and

Zionism and

Wilson administration, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5

Wilsonianism, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 20.1

covenant theology and

ecumenical internationalism and, 15.1, 15.2

Irish home rule issue and

national self-determination and, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2

postwar organizations and

religious faith and

religious liberty and

Wine, James

Winrod, Gerald B.

Winthrop, John, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 7.1, 12.1, 20.1

“city on a hill” sermon of

Wirt, Sherwood, 26.1, 27.1

Wise, Stephen, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4

Witherspoon, Fannie May, 13.1, 17.1

Witherspoon, John, 5.1, 5.2

Witness (Chambers), 24.1

Woman’s American Baptist Foreign Mission Society

Woman’s Peace Party

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

women’s liberation movement

Women’s Missionary Society

women’s rights, itr.1, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1, 17.1

Wood, Gordon S.

Wood, Hollingsworth

Woodward, Bob, epl.1, epl.2

Worcester, Noah

World Alliance for the Promotion of International Friendship through the Churches, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2

World Anti-Slavery Convention

World Bank, 26.1, 27.1

World Conference on Religion and Peace

World Congress of Religion (1948)

World Council of Churches (WCC), 16.1, 16.2, 21.1, 22.1, 23.1, 23.2, 23.3, 23.4, 24.1, 24.2, 25.1, 27.1

World Court, 16.1, 16.2, 21.1, 23.1

World Jewish Congress

World Order Sunday

World Peace Foundation

World’s Parliament of Religions (1893), 10.1, 21.1

World Tomorrow, The, 16.1, 16.2

World Vision

World War I, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 16.1, 18.1, 19.1, 20.1, 21.1, 24.1, 24.2

Allied blockade in

Christian opposition to

conscientious objectors and, 14.1, 14.2

conservative support of

democracy and, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2

ecumenists and

end of

fundamentalist support of

immigrant opposition to

intervention debate in, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2

Jews and

just war theory and, 14.1, 20.1, 20.2

liberal internationalists and, 13.1, 13.2

liberal Protestants and, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4

missionaries and, 13.1, 14.1

pacifist response to, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2

premillennial movement and

preparedness issue and, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2

Protestant support for

spirit of democracy and

submarine warfare in

Vatican peace proposal in

warhawk advocates of, 13.1, 13.2

Wilsonian themes in

World War II, 8.1, 10.1, 12.1, 14.1, 16.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 20.1, 21.1, 22.1, 23.1, 24.1, 27.1

Allied blockade in, 15.1, 15.2

Allied victory in, 20.1, 20.2

atomic weapon in, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3

Catholic opposition to

Catholic support of

conscientious objectors and

conservative support for

draft issue in

European relief debate and

fundamentalist support for

as holy war

Japanese internment in, 20.1, 20.2

Judeo-Christian civil religion and

as just war, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3

missionaries and

onset of, 18.1, 18.2

religious freedom and

religious support for

second front in

spiritual mobilization in

strategic bombing campaign in, 20.1, 20.2

unconditional surrender policy in, 19.1, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3

U.S.-Vatican diplomacy in

Wright, Jeremiah

Wygal, Winnifred

Yale Divinity School, 16.1, 26.1

Yale University, prf.1, 9.1

Yalta Conference (1945), 18.1, 21.1

Yamasee Indians, 3.1, 3.2

YMCA, 10.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 15.1, 16.1

Yom Kippur War of 1973, 28.1, 28.2, 28.3

You Can Trust the Communists (to Be Communists) (Schwarz), 24.1

Young, Brigham

Young, John Russell

Young America

Young Americans for Freedom

Youth for Christ, 20.1, 20.2, 24.1, 24.2

Yugoslavia, 18.1, 22.1

YWCA, 10.1, 14.1, 14.2, 22.1

Zanzibar

Zen

Zhukov, Georgi

Zionism, 11.1, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 18.1, 22.1, 24.1, 28.1, epl.1

Balfour Declaration and

Christian, 11.1, 28.1

evangelicals and

Holocaust and, 18.1, 18.2

Israel recognition debate and

Paris Peace Conference and

premillennialism and

United Nations and

see also Jews, Judaism

Zion’s Herald, 15.1

Zola, Émile