Contents

List of Illustrations

Notes on Contributors

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: A Brief Introduction to Phenomenology and Existentialism

Phenomenology

Existentialism

The Organization of the Book

Notes

References and Further Reading

Part I PHENOMENOLOGY

MAIN MOVEMENTS

Chapter 2: Husserlian Phenomenology

Phenomenology and Twentieth-Century Thought

Husserl’s “Breakthrough” to Phenomenology: Intentionality and Reflection

The problem of psychologism

Founding, fulfillment, and Evidenz

Philosophical Implications of Phenomenology: Transcendental Idealism

Horizons of Husserlian Phenomenology

References and Further Reading

Chapter 3: Existential Phenomenology

I Existential Phenomena

II The Existential-Phenomenological Practice of Description

Acknowledgments

Note

References and Further Reading

Chapter 4: French Phenomenology

Notes

References and Further Reading

CENTRAL CONCEPTS

Chapter 5: Intentionality

Beginnings

Husserl’s Theory of Intentionality

Merleau-Ponty

References and Further Reading

Chapter 6: Consciousness

Introduction

Brentano

Husserl

Heidegger

Sartre

Merleau-Ponty

References and Further Reading

Chapter 7: The Lifeworld and Lived Experience

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 8: Husserl’s Reductions and the Role They Play in His Phenomenology

Some Basic Ideas of Husserl’s Phenomenology

Intentionality. Noema, Noesis, Hyle

Eidos. The Eidetic Reduction

The Transcendental Reduction

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 9: Categorial Intuition

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 10: Temporality

Heidegger

Sartre

Merleau-Ponty

References and Further Reading

Part II EXISTENTIALISM

MAIN MOVEMENTS

Chapter 11: The Roots of Existentialism

Introduction

Blaise Pascal

Søren Kierkegaard

Fyodor Dostoyevsky

Nietzsche

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 12: German Existence-Philosophy

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 13: Religious Existentialism

Lev Shestov (1866 –1938, Russian)

Karl Barth (1886–1968, Swiss)

Martin Buber (1878–1965, Austrian and Israeli)

References and Further Reading

Chapter 14: French Existentialism

Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Anticipations of French Existentialism

Existentialist Implications of the Nineteenth-Century Emphasis upon Life: Instinct, Individuality, and Absurdity

“Existence Comes Before Essence”

Concreteness and Absurdity

Freedom, Anxiety, and Authenticity

Morality

French Existentialism’s Influence

Notes

References and Further Reading

CENTRAL CONCEPTS

Chapter 15: The Concept of Authenticity

Kierkegaard

Heidegger

Sartre

References and Further Reading

Chapter 16: Affectivity

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 17: The Body

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 18: Freedom and Responsibility

References and Further Reading

Chapter 19: Absurdity

References and Further Reading

Chapter 20: Death

Martin Heidegger on Being-toward-Death

Jean-Paul Sartre’s Critique of Heidegger

References and Further Reading

Part III CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN PHENOMENOLOGY AND EXISTENTIALISM

Chapter 21: Emotions in Phenomenology and Existentialism

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 22: The Egological Structure of Consciousness: Lessons from Sartre for Analytical Philosophy of Mind

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 23: Phenomenology, Neuroscience, and Intersubjectivity

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 24: The Intrinsic Spatial Frame of Reference

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 25: Action, the Scientific Worldview, and Being-in-the-World

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 26: Phenomenology in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science

Note

References and Further Reading

Chapter 27: Phenomenological Currents in Twentieth-Century Psychology

References and Further Reading

Chapter 28: Medicine

The Phenomenological Concept of Meaning

Illness as Meaninglessness and Alienation

Body, World, and Time

Medicine: Practice, Science, and Technology

Concluding Remarks: Being-with-Nature and Being-with-the-Other

References and Further Reading

Chapter 29: Realism, Science, and the Deworlding of the World

Introduction

Husserl, World, and the Problem of Metaphysical Realism

Heidegger and the “Worldhood of the World”

Deworlding the World

Phenomenology and the Nature/World Debate

Note

References and Further Reading

Chapter 30: Environmental Philosophy

Introduction: Uncovering the Conceptual Roots of Environmental Devastation

From Ontological Method to Eco-Phenomenological Ethics

The Meaning of the Earth

Naturalistic Ethical Realism in Eco-Phenomenology

Transcendental Ethical Realism in Eco-Phenomenology

Levinas, Heidegger, and the Ethical Question of Animality

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 31: Ontology, Pragmatism, and Technology

1 Preliminaries

2 Ontology and Pragmatism

3 Heidegger’s Ambiguity on Pragmatism and Technology

4 Articulating Technology

References and Further Reading

Chapter 32: The Lived-Body and the Dignity of Human Beings

1 Point of Departure

2 Kant’s Concept of Dignity

3 The Dignity of the Lived-Body

4 Bodily Authenticity

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 33: Sexuality

Cartesian Legacies: The Sexual Body in Existential Phenomenology

Sexual Being as Becoming: Merleau-Ponty and Sexual Being

Performativity as Existential Practice

Queering Phenomenology from Beauvoir to Butler

References and Further Reading

Chapter 34: Feminism

Two Starting Points: The Living Body and the Sexual Person

Sexual Difference: Phenomenological Analysis and Feminist Questions

The Self and Its Other

Sexual Hierarchy

Later Developments

References and Further Reading

Chapter 35: A Life Worth Living

Notes

References and Further Reading

Chapter 36: The Search for Immediacy and the Problem of Political Life in Existentialism and Phenomenology

Early Existentialism

Phenomenology

Phenomenological Existentialism

French Existentialism

The Problem of the Political in Existentialism and Phenomenology

References and Further Reading

Chapter 37: History and Historicity

Phenomenology and the Problem of History

Husserl: The “Inner History” of Europe and of Humanity

Heidegger: History as Destruction and Retrieval

Phenomenological and Existentialist Developments after Husserl and Heidegger

References and Further Reading

Chapter 38: Bubbles and Skulls: The Phenomenology of Self-Consciousness in Dutch Still-Life Painting

A Very Brief Primer on Dutch Still-Life Painting

Bubbles and Skulls: Pieter Claesz and the Transformation of a Visual Theme

The Temporality of Self-Consciousness in a Late Painting of David Bailly

A Concluding Word about Two Portraits

Notes

References and Further Reading

Paintings Cited

Chapter 39: Mathematics

Connecting Phenomenology and Mathematics

Transcendental Phenomenology as a Foundation of Mathematics

Examples

1 Intuitionistic logic (Mancosu 1998; van Atten 2004b)

References and Further Reading

Index