B

b (branch) command, sed editor, Making Edits Everywhere Except..., Making Edits Everywhere Except...

background color, Configuring It

background jobs, Job Control in a Nutshell, Job Control in a Nutshell, Job Control in a Nutshell, Job Control in a Nutshell, Using Job Control from Your Shell, Notification When Jobs Change State, Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

bringing into foreground with fg command, Using Job Control from Your Shell

killing, Job Control in a Nutshell

listing with their job numbers, Job Control in a Nutshell

notification of state change in, Notification When Jobs Change State

putting into foreground, Job Control in a Nutshell

suspending with stop command, Job Control in a Nutshell

background processes, The Kernel and Daemons, The Kernel and Daemons, Job Control in a Nutshell, Job Control in a Nutshell, Using Job Control from Your Shell, Using Job Control from Your Shell, Some Gotchas with Job Control, Some Gotchas with Job Control, Stop Background Output with stty tostop, Managing Processes: Overall Concepts, Killing All Your Processes, Waiting a Little While: sleep, Exit Status of Unix Processes, Exit Status of Unix Processes

exit status, Exit Status of Unix Processes

testing with if statement, Exit Status of Unix Processes

exit status of, Exit Status of Unix Processes

listing with jobs command, Using Job Control from Your Shell

output from, stopping, Stop Background Output with stty tostop

overloading system with, Some Gotchas with Job Control

preventing continuation after logout, Killing All Your Processes

running at lower priority with nice command, Some Gotchas with Job Control

shell capabilities for manipulating, Using Job Control from Your Shell

stopping automatically upon attempt to write to screen, Job Control in a Nutshell

watching, Waiting a Little While: sleep

backquotes, Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In (see `, under Symbols)

BACKSPACE key, A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup, Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters, Emacs: The Other Editor, Cleaning script Files

Emacs editor, Emacs: The Other Editor

erase character, Cleaning script Files

location for, A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup

backup files, Filename Extensions, Some GNU ls Features, Check Spelling Interactively with ispell, File-Backup Macros, Backup and Auto-Save Files, Test Exit Status with the if Statement, Who Will Own a New File?

bkedit script, Test Exit Status with the if Statement

Emacs, Filename Extensions, Some GNU ls Features, Backup and Auto-Save Files

ignoring with ls -B, Some GNU ls Features

file ownership and, Who Will Own a New File?

ispell program, Check Spelling Interactively with ispell

macro for creation in vi editor, File-Backup Macros

backup option (xrdb), Setting Resources with xrdb

backups, Tricks for Making rm Safer, What Is This "Backup" Thing?, tar in a Nutshell, Make Your Own Backups, More Ways to Back Up, More Ways to Back Up, How to Make Backups to a Local Device, To gzip, or Not to gzip?, What to Back Up, Backing Up to Tape, Backing Up to Floppies or Zip Disks, To gzip, or Not to gzip?, To gzip, or Not to gzip?, Restoring Files from Tape with tar, Restoring a Few Files, Remote Restoring, Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive, Using GNU tar with a Remote Tape Drive, On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project, On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project, On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project, Using Wildcards with tar, Avoid Absolute Paths with tar, Avoid Absolute Paths with tar, Getting tar's Arguments in the Right Order, The cpio Tape Archiver, Industrial Strength Backups, Managing and Sharing Files with RCS and CVS

compression, advantages and disadvantages of, To gzip, or Not to gzip?

cpio tape archiver, The cpio Tape Archiver

excluding files from, On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project

GNU tar, using with remote tape drive, Using GNU tar with a Remote Tape Drive

incremental, On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project, On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project

industrial strength, Industrial Strength Backups

making to a local device, How to Make Backups to a Local Device, To gzip, or Not to gzip?, What to Back Up, Backing Up to Tape, Backing Up to Floppies or Zip Disks

deciding what to back up, What to Back Up

floppies or zip disks, Backing Up to Floppies or Zip Disks

tape, Backing Up to Tape

making your own, Make Your Own Backups

protecting against accidental file deletions, Tricks for Making rm Safer

RCS and CVS, Managing and Sharing Files with RCS and CVS

to remote tape drive using tar, Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive

restoring files from tape with tar, Restoring Files from Tape with tar, Restoring a Few Files, Remote Restoring

remote restoring, Remote Restoring

restoring a few files, Restoring a Few Files

tar utility, tar in a Nutshell, More Ways to Back Up, Using Wildcards with tar, Avoid Absolute Paths with tar, Avoid Absolute Paths with tar, Getting tar's Arguments in the Right Order

absolute pathnames, avoiding, Avoid Absolute Paths with tar

avoiding absolute pathnames, Avoid Absolute Paths with tar

options for, More Ways to Back Up

tar command line arguments, order of, Getting tar's Arguments in the Right Order

wildcards, using, Using Wildcards with tar

utilities for, To gzip, or Not to gzip?

versions control systems, using, More Ways to Back Up

barewords used as hash keys, Hashes

base64 encoding, MIME Encoding

basename program, Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program, Using basename and dirname, Introduction to basename and dirname, Use with Loops

bugs in, Introduction to basename and dirname

examples, Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

loops, using with, Use with Loops

bash (Bourne-again shell), There Are Many Shells, There Are Many Shells, Which Shell Am I Running?, Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why, Login Shells, Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?, Automatic Setups for Different Terminals, Terminal Setup: Searching Terminal Table, Static Prompts, Simulating Dynamic Prompts, Multiline Shell Prompts, Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts, Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts, Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL, Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL, dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd, Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands, Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands, Running Commands When You Log Out, Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts, Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In, Using the Stored Lists, Expanding Ranges, limit and ulimit, limit and ulimit, Job Control in a Nutshell, Stop Background Output with stty tostop, Disowning Processes, Killing Processes by Name?, What the Shell Does, Bourne Shell Used Here, Output Command-Line Arguments One by One, Controlling Shell Command Searches, Controlling Shell Command Searches, Which One Will bash Use?, "Special" Characters and Operators, What's Special About the Unix Command Line, Build Strings with { }, String Editing (Colon) Operators, Automatic Completion, Command-Specific Completion, Introduction to Shell Aliases, Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases, Shell Function Specifics, Shell Function Specifics, Exporting bash Functions, History by Number, History by Number, History Substitutions, bash, ksh, zsh, Pass History to Another Shell, bash Editing, Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell, What if a Wildcard Doesn't Match?, What Environment Variables Are Good For, Predefined Environment Variables, Exit Status of Unix Processes, Parameter Substitution, Quoting and Command-Line Parameters, Using Standard Input and Output

(see also bsh; shell scripts; shells)

.bashrc file, Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

.bashrc or .bash_profile, hung terminals and, Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

aliases, Introduction to Shell Aliases, Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases

arrays, Using the Stored Lists, Expanding Ranges

browsing directories with, Using the Stored Lists

expanding ranges, Expanding Ranges

bash2, built-in kill command, Killing Processes by Name?

BASH_ENV variable, Predefined Environment Variables

case statements, Automatic Setups for Different Terminals

choosing built-in, external, or shell functions, Which One Will bash Use?

command history, History Substitutions (see history of commands)

command-line editing, bash Editing

completion features, Automatic Completion, Command-Specific Completion

hostnames, Command-Specific Completion

disown command, Disowning Processes

dynamic prompts, simulating, Simulating Dynamic Prompts

editing history substitutions, String Editing (Colon) Operators

environment variables for shell functions, changing, Shell Function Specifics

environment variables, unsetting, What Environment Variables Are Good For

exit status of command line, reversing, Exit Status of Unix Processes

exporting shell functions, Exporting bash Functions

fc -l command, listing previous commands with, History by Number

forcing to use internal exit command, Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?

globbing (wildcard expansion), preventing, Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell

hash command, Controlling Shell Command Searches

history -r command, cautions about, History by Number

history file, bash, ksh, zsh

ignoreeof variable, Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts

job control commands, Job Control in a Nutshell

limiting file size, limit and ulimit

loading changed PATH, Controlling Shell Command Searches

login and nonlogin, startup files, Login Shells

logout file, running commands when logging out, Running Commands When You Log Out

octal character strings, Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts

parameter expansion shortcuts, Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

passing command history to, Pass History to Another Shell

pre-prompt commands, Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands, Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

process substitution, What's Special About the Unix Command Line

prompts, Which Shell Am I Running?, Static Prompts, Multiline Shell Prompts, Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts, Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL, dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

$ in, Which Shell Am I Running?

newline (\n) character in, Multiline Shell Prompts

nonprinting escape characters, Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts

showing directory stack, dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

subshell level, showing, Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL

read-only functions, Shell Function Specifics

redirecting standard I/O, Using Standard Input and Output

scripts in this book, Bourne Shell Used Here

SHLVL environment variable, Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL

showargs script, Output Command-Line Arguments One by One

special characters/operators, "Special" Characters and Operators

string editing operators, Parameter Substitution

stty tostop command, background jobs writing to terminal, Stop Background Output with stty tostop

terminal port type, putting into ttykind shell variable, Terminal Setup: Searching Terminal Table

ulimit -c command, removing limits on core dumps, limit and ulimit

wildcards, failing to match, What if a Wildcard Doesn't Match?

{ } (pattern-expansion characters), Build Strings with { }

BASH_ENV environment variable, Predefined Environment Variables

batch editing, Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs, Writing Editing Scripts, Line Addressing, Useful ex Commands, Useful ex Commands, Running Editing Scripts Within vi, Change Many Files by Editing Just One, Change Many Files by Editing Just One, ed/ex Batch Edits: A Typical Example, ed/ex Batch Edits: A Typical Example, Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Fail on Big Files, patch: Generalized Updating of Files That Differ, Quick Reference: awk, Command-Line Syntax, Patterns and Procedures, awk System Variables, Operators, Operators

awk utility, Quick Reference: awk, Command-Line Syntax, Patterns and Procedures, awk System Variables, Operators, Operators

command-line syntax, Command-Line Syntax

operators, Operators, Operators

patterns and procedures, Patterns and Procedures

system variables, awk System Variables

changing many files by editing one, Change Many Files by Editing Just One, Change Many Files by Editing Just One

ed editor, ed/ex Batch Edits: A Typical Example, Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Fail on Big Files

example, ed/ex Batch Edits: A Typical Example

failure on big files, Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Fail on Big Files

ex editor, Useful ex Commands, Useful ex Commands, ed/ex Batch Edits: A Typical Example

example, ed/ex Batch Edits: A Typical Example

useful commands, Useful ex Commands, Useful ex Commands

line addressing, Line Addressing

patch program, patch: Generalized Updating of Files That Differ

running scripts in vi, Running Editing Scripts Within vi

scripts, writing, Writing Editing Scripts

BEGIN and END patterns, awk, Patterns

behead script, Remove Mail/News Headers with behead, MIME Encoding

Bell Labs research operating system (Plan 9), There Are Many Shells

Berkeley Internet Name Daemon (bind), Domain Name Service (DNS), Domain Name Service (DNS)

DNS cache, setting up local, Domain Name Service (DNS)

Berkeley-based Unix, Hacking on Characters with tr, Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program, lpr-Style Printing Commands, Which Group is Which?

ex, vi, view, edit commands, linked to same executable file, Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

group file ownership, Which Group is Which?

printing commands, lpr-Style Printing Commands

tr command, ranges in, Hacking on Characters with tr

bg command, Program Waiting for Input?, Job Control in a Nutshell, Using Job Control from Your Shell

putting jobs in background, Program Waiting for Input?

bgnice option (ksh), The Process Chain to Your Window

bg_nice option (zsh), The Process Chain to Your Window

binary characters, inserting into Emacs files, Inserting Binary Characters into Files

binary files, Finding Words Inside Binary Files, Deleting Stale Files, Encoding "Binary" Files into ASCII, MIME Encoding, uuencoding, MIME Encoding, MIME Encoding, Wildcard Gotchas in GNU tar, /usr/bin and Other Software Directories, /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

accessible by users in /usr/bin subdirectory, /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

archiving system test file, Wildcard Gotchas in GNU tar

encoding into ASCII, Encoding "Binary" Files into ASCII, MIME Encoding, uuencoding, MIME Encoding, MIME Encoding

MIME encoding, MIME Encoding, MIME Encoding

uuencoding, uuencoding

executables, access time updates, Deleting Stale Files

searching for words in, Finding Words Inside Binary Files

system, in /sbin directory, /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

bind (Berkeley Internet Name Daemon), Domain Name Service (DNS), Domain Name Service (DNS)

DNS cache, setting up, Domain Name Service (DNS)

bind command, ksh Editing, ksh Editing

-l option, ksh Editing

binding operator (=~), Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching

bindkey command, tcsh Editing, tcsh Editing, tcsh Editing, tcsh Editing, tcsh Editing, zsh Editing

-c option, tcsh Editing

-k option, tcsh Editing

-l option, tcsh Editing

-v option, zsh Editing

tcsh editing, tcsh Editing, tcsh Editing

bit bucket, Save Space with "Bit Bucket" Log Files and Mailboxes

bitmaps, The Portable Bitmap Package

bitwise or (|) operator, Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

bkedit script, Test Exit Status with the if Statement, Set Exit Status of a Shell (Script), Parameter Substitution

ending and setting exit status, Set Exit Status of a Shell (Script)

parameter substitution in, Parameter Substitution

blank lines, squashing extras, Squash Extra Blank Lines

blank shell prompts, What Good Is a Blank Shell Prompt?

blocks, Finer Control on tail, Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns, Indentation, Installing and Configuring Samba

of bytes, counting with tail -b command, Finer Control on tail

of code, defining in Python, Indentation

of text, defining with patterns, Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns

of related options in smb.conf files, Installing and Configuring Samba

body of email, forming properly, MIME Encoding

bold text, VT Fonts Menu, Trying It

Boolean operators, Patterns, Scalars

combining awk patterns with, Patterns

boot -v command, Reading Kernel Boot Output

boundary-checking versions of C functions, What We Mean by Buffer Overflow

Bourne shells, There Are Many Shells, Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why, Multiline Shell Prompts, What the Shell Does, Types of Shells, Types of Shells, Bourne Shell Used Here

(see also bash; ksh; sh; zsh)

newlines in prompts, Multiline Shell Prompts

profile file, Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

scripts in this book, running on, Bourne Shell Used Here

types of, Types of Shells

branch (b) command, sed editor, Making Edits Everywhere Except..., Making Edits Everywhere Except...

break command, Alphabetical Summary of Commands, Loop Control: break and continue, Loop Control: break and continue

awk, Alphabetical Summary of Commands

broken links, Creating and Removing Links

browseable option (smb.conf), Installing and Configuring Samba

browsers, Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows, Example #2: A Web Browser, SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers, SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers

closing window by killing its processes, Example #2: A Web Browser

for Samba, SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers

SMB network, SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers

text copied from, reformatting, Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows

BSD Unix, The ps Command, BSD, BSD, What Are Signals?, Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To, Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To, BSD C Shell nice, BSD Standalone nice, Changing a Running Job's Niceness, /usr/bin and Other Software Directories, Which make?, Unix User/Group Infrastructure, Groups and Group Ownership, Why Can't You Change File Ownership?

file ownership, Why Can't You Change File Ownership?

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, support of, /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

group membership, Groups and Group Ownership

make utility, versions of, Which make?

nice command, Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To, BSD C Shell nice, BSD Standalone nice

C shell, BSD C Shell nice

ps -a command, BSD

ps -aux command, The ps Command

ps ax command, BSD

renice command, Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To, Changing a Running Job's Niceness

signals, What Are Signals?

user/group infrastructure, Unix User/Group Infrastructure

bsplit utility, Splitting Files at Fixed Points: split

buffer overflow, security vulnerability, What We Mean by Buffer Overflow

buffers, Using Buffers to Move or Copy Text, Get Back What You Deleted with Numbered Buffers, Keep Your Original File, Write to a New File, Be Careful with vi -r Recovered Buffers, Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer, Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer, Send Output Two or More Places

edited, saving as files in vi, Keep Your Original File, Write to a New File

hold space in sed, Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer

numbered, recovering vi editor deletions in, Get Back What You Deleted with Numbered Buffers

pattern space in sed, Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer

pipes, buffering of output, Send Output Two or More Places

recovered with vi -r, cautions about, Be Careful with vi -r Recovered Buffers

vi editor, using to copy and move text, Using Buffers to Move or Copy Text

buildhash script, Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary

built-in commands, Internal and External Commands, Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins, Which One Will bash Use?, Which One Will bash Use?, Which One Will bash Use?, Which One Will the C Shell Use?

builtin command, forcing use with, Which One Will bash Use?

C shell, determining whether to use, Which One Will the C Shell Use?

faster prompt setting with, Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

shells, Internal and External Commands

bunzip2 file decompression program, Compressing Files to Save Space

button presses, Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap, Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap

defining with xmodmap, Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap, Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap

byte order, converting with dd, Text Conversion with dd

bzip2 utility, Compressing Files to Save Space, More Ways to Back Up, To gzip, or Not to gzip?